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Baqué-Vidal L, Main H, Petrus-Reurer S, Lederer AR, Beri NE, Bär F, Metzger H, Zhao C, Efstathopoulos P, Saietz S, Wrona A, Jaberi E, Willenbrock H, Reilly H, Hedenskog M, Moussaud-Lamodière E, Kvanta A, Villaescusa JC, La Manno G, Lanner F. Clinically compliant cryopreservation of differentiated retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:340-350. [PMID: 38349309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in elderly patients within developed countries, affecting more than 190 million worldwide. In AMD, the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer progressively degenerates, resulting in subsequent loss of photoreceptors and ultimately vision. There is currently no cure for AMD, but therapeutic strategies targeting the complement system are being developed to slow the progression of the disease. METHODS Replacement therapy with pluripotent stem cell-derived (hPSC) RPEs is an alternative treatment strategy. A cell therapy product must be produced in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices at a sufficient scale to facilitate extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing. Cryopreservation of the final cell product is therefore highly beneficial, as the manufacturing, pre-clinical and clinical testing can be separated in time and location. RESULTS We found that mature hPSC-RPE cells do not survive conventional cryopreservation techniques. However, replating the cells 2-5 days before cryopreservation facilitates freezing. The replated and cryopreserved hPSC-RPE cells maintained their identity, purity and functionality as characteristic RPEs, shown by cobblestone morphology, pigmentation, transcriptional profile, RPE markers, transepithelial resistance and pigment epithelium-derived factor secretion. Finally, we showed that the optimal replating time window can be tracked noninvasively by following the change in cobblestone morphology. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of cryopreserving the hPSC-RPE product has been instrumental in our efforts in manufacturing and performing pre-clinical testing with the aim for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baqué-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Main
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex R Lederer
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nefeli-Eirini Beri
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederik Bär
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Metzger
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah Saietz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elham Jaberi
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Hazel Reilly
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Hedenskog
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Moussaud-Lamodière
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gioele La Manno
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang XM, Huang J, Ni XY, Zhu HR, Huang ZX, Ding S, Yang XY, Tan YD, Chen JF, Cai JH. Current progression in application of extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:15. [PMID: 38173021 PMCID: PMC10763486 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been a long-standing challenge for clinical research due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Specific proteins and RNAs in brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) usually reflect the corresponding state of brain disease, and therefore, EVs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CNS diseases. In addition, EVs can be engineered and fused to target cells for delivery of cargo, demonstrating the great potential of EVs as a nanocarrier platform. We review the progress of EVs as markers and drug carriers in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. The main areas include visual imaging, biomarker diagnosis and drug loading therapy for different types of CNS diseases. It is hoped that increased knowledge of EVs will facilitate their clinical translation in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Min Zhang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ni
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hui-Ru Zhu
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Huang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xin-Yi Yang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yan-Di Tan
- Department of Ultrasound the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Shuanghu Branch Road, Huixing Street, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 176, Qingnian Road, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Jin-Hua Cai
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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3
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Sun MH, Ho TC, Yeh SI, Chen SL, Tsao YP. Short peptides derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor attenuate retinal ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammatory response in rats. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109743. [PMID: 38056550 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is widely recognized as a neuroprotective factor expressed in the retina and has shown therapeutic potential in several retinal diseases. Our study aimed to identify the neuroprotective fragment in PEDF and investigate its protective activity in retinas under ischemia-reperfusion (IR) condition. We synthesized a series of shorter synthetic peptides, 6-mer (Ser93-Gln98) and its d-form variant (6 dS) derived from the 44-mer (Val78-Thr121; a PEDF neurotrophic fragment), to determine their cytoprotective activity in IR injury, which was induced in rat retinas by injection of saline into the anterior chamber to increase the intraocular pressure (IOP) followed by reperfusion. We found the cytoprotective effect of 6-mer on glutamate-treated Neuro-2a cells and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-treated 661W cells were 2.6-fold and 1.5-fold higher than the 44-mer, respectively. The cytoprotective effect was blocked by a chemical inhibitor atglistatin and blocking antibody targeting PEDF receptor (PEDF-R). IR induced several impairments in retina, including cell apoptosis, activation of microglia/macroglia, degeneration of retinal capillaries, reduction in electroretinography (ERG) amplitudes, and retinal atrophy. Such IR injuries were ameliorated by treatment with 6-mer and 6 dS eye drops. Also, the neuroprotective activity of 6-mer and 6 dS in ischemic retinas were dramatically reversed by atglistatin preconditioning. Taken together, our data demonstrate smallest neuroprotective fragment of PEDF has potential to treat retinal degeneration-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Xu M, Chen X, Yu Z, Li X. Receptors that bind to PEDF and their therapeutic roles in retinal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116136. [PMID: 37139333 PMCID: PMC10149954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases represented by diabetic retinopathy are the main types of blinding eye disorders that continually cause the increased burden worldwide. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous factor with multiple effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumorigenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. PEDF activity depends on the interaction with the proteins on the cell surface. At present, seven independent receptors, including adipose triglyceride lipase, laminin receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein, plexin domain-containing 1, plexin domain-containing 2, F1-ATP synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, have been demonstrated and confirmed to be high affinity receptors for PEDF. Understanding the interactions between PEDF and PEDF receptors, their roles in normal cellular metabolism and the response the initiate in disease will be accommodating for elucidating the ways in which inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration exacerbate disease pathology. In this review, we firstly introduce PEDF receptors comprehensively, focusing particularly on their expression pattern, ligands, related diseases, and signal transduction pathways, respectively. We also discuss the interactive ways of PEDF and receptors to expand the prospective understanding of PEDF receptors in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
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Faynus MA, Bailey JK, Pennington BO, Katsura M, Proctor DA, Yeh AK, Menon S, Choi DG, Lebkowski JS, Johnson LV, Clegg DO. Microcarrier-Based Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070297. [PMID: 35877348 PMCID: PMC9311890 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is estimated to impact nearly 300 million individuals globally by 2040. While no treatment options are currently available, multiple clinical trials investigating retinal pigmented epithelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-RPE) as a cellular replacement therapeutic are currently underway. It has been estimated that a production capacity of >109 RPE cells annually would be required to treat the afflicted population, but current manufacturing protocols are limited, being labor-intensive and time-consuming. Microcarrier technology has enabled high-density propagation of many adherent mammalian cell types via monolayer culture on surfaces of uM-diameter matrix spheres; however, few studies have explored microcarrier-based culture of RPE cells. Here, we provide an approach to the growth, maturation, and differentiation of hPSC-RPE cells on Cytodex 1 (C1) and Cytodex 3 (C3) microcarriers. We demonstrate that hPSC-RPE cells adhere to microcarriers coated with Matrigel, vitronectin or collagen, and mature in vitro to exhibit characteristic epithelial cell morphology and pigmentation. Microcarrier-grown hPSC-RPE cells (mcRPE) are viable; metabolically active; express RPE signature genes including BEST1, RPE65, TYRP1, and PMEL17; secrete the trophic factors PEDF and VEGF; and demonstrate phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Furthermore, we show that undifferentiated hESCs also adhere to Matrigel-coated microcarriers and are amenable to directed RPE differentiation. The capacity to support hPSC-RPE cell cultures using microcarriers enables efficient large-scale production of therapeutic RPE cells sufficient to meet the treatment demands of a large AMD patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Faynus
- Program for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeffrey K. Bailey
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Britney O. Pennington
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Mika Katsura
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
| | - Duncan A. Proctor
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ashley K. Yeh
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sneha Menon
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dylan G. Choi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- College of Creative Studies, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jane S. Lebkowski
- Program in Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lincoln V. Johnson
- Program in Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dennis O. Clegg
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; (J.K.B.); (B.O.P.); (M.K.); (D.A.P.); (A.K.Y.); (S.M.); (D.G.C.); (D.O.C.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Portola Valley, CA 94028, USA; (J.S.L.); (L.V.J.)
- Program in Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Jiang M, Gu YF, Cai JF, Wang A, He Y, Feng YL. MiR-186-5p Dysregulation Leads to Depression-like Behavior by De-repressing SERPINF1 in Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2021; 479:48-59. [PMID: 34648865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is perplexing due to its multifactorial etiologies. Here, we isolated exosomes from the peripheral blood of MDD patients and healthy control subjects for mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. We identified that SERPINF1 is significantly diminished in the peripheral blood-derived exosomes of MDD patients compared to the healthy control subjects. Through RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we validated that SERPINF1 is a target of miR-186-5p that is upregulated in MDD patients' blood. In vivo studies in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice further demonstrated that SERPINF1 in hippocampus is suppressed by miR-186-5p. Inhibiting the microRNA significantly restores the hippocampal SERPINF1 mRNA and protein expression, and ameliorates the depressive-like behaviors including sucrose preference and extended immobility time in the forced swim test. Instead, overexpressing miR-186-5p through tail intravenous injection of the mimics molecularly and behaviorally phenocopies the CUMS mice in wild-type mice. Our results indicate that the exosomal SERPINF1 in peripheral blood could serve as a reliable biomarker indicating MDD development, and miR-186-5p is a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Wuxi Matemal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214002, PR China
| | - Yan-Fang Gu
- Department of Women Health Care, Wuxi Matemal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214002, PR China
| | - Jing-Fen Cai
- Department of Women Health Care, Wuxi Matemal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214002, PR China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Women Health Care, Wuxi Matemal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214002, PR China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Women Health Care, Wuxi Matemal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214002, PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Feng
- Department of Women Health Care, Wuxi Matemal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214002, PR China.
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Riley A, Jones H, England J, Kuvshinov D, Green V, Greenman J. Identification of soluble tissue-derived biomarkers from human thyroid tissue explants maintained on a microfluidic device. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:780. [PMID: 34594421 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large cohort of potential biomarkers for thyroid cancer aggressiveness have been tested in various formats in recent years, to the best of our knowledge, thyroglobulin and calcitonin remain the only two established biomarkers associated with thyroid cancer management. Our group has recently validated a novel means of maintaining live, human ex vivo thyroid tissue within a tissue-on-chip format. The present pilot study aimed to interrogate the tissue effluent, containing all the soluble markers released by the tissue samples maintained within the devices' tissue chamber, for the presence of markers potentially associated with thyroid cancer aggressiveness. Culture effluent from tissue samples harvested from 19 individual patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for the treatment of suspected thyroid cancer was assessed, first using a proteome profiler™ angiogenesis array kit. Patients were subcategorised as 'aggressive' if they possessed a minimum of N1b level metastases, whilst 'non-aggressive' samples were T3 or lower without evidence of multifocality; and contralateral healthy thyroid tissue was harvested for comparative studies. Levels of Serpin-F1, vascular endothelial growth factor, Thrombospondin-1 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand were significantly altered and, thus, were further investigated using ELISA to allow for quantitative analysis. The concentration of serpin-F1 was significantly increased in the effluent of aggressive thyroid cancer tissue when compared with levels released by both non-aggressive and benign samples. The present study demonstrated the usability of microfluidic technology for the analysis of the ex vivo tissue secretome in order to identify novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Riley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Heidi Jones
- Department of ENT, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - James England
- Department of ENT, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Dmitriy Kuvshinov
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Victoria Green
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Ha NT, Liu X, Smith TH, Dougherty KJ, Toyo-Oka K. Rpsa Signaling Regulates Cortical Neuronal Morphogenesis via Its Ligand, PEDF, and Plasma Membrane Interaction Partner, Itga6. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:770-795. [PMID: 34347028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphological defects underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and functional defects. We identified a function for Rpsa in regulating neuromorphogenesis using in utero electroporation to knockdown Rpsa, resulting in apical dendrite misorientation, fewer/shorter extensions, and decreased spine density with altered spine morphology in upper neuronal layers and decreased arborization in upper/lower cortical layers. Rpsa knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of cortical development, including radial glial cell fiber morphology and neuronal layering. We investigated Rpsa's ligand, PEDF, and interacting partner on the plasma membrane, Itga6. Rpsa, PEDF, and Itga6 knockdown cause similar phenotypes, with Rpsa and Itga6 overexpression rescuing morphological defects in PEDF-deficient neurons in vivo. Additionally, Itga6 overexpression increases and stabilizes Rpsa expression on the plasma membrane. GCaMP6s was used to functionally analyze Rpsa knockdown via ex vivo calcium imaging. Rpsa-deficient neurons showed less fluctuation in fluorescence intensity, suggesting defective subthreshold calcium signaling. The Serpinf1 gene coding for PEDF is localized at chromosome 17p13.3, which is deleted in patients with the neurodevelopmental disorder Miller-Dieker syndrome. Our study identifies a role for Rpsa in early cortical development and for PEDF-Rpsa-Itga6 signaling in neuromorphogenesis, thus implicating these molecules in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Miller-Dieker syndrome and identifying them as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Ngoc T Ha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kimberly J Dougherty
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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9
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Bascuas T, Zedira H, Kropp M, Harmening N, Asrih M, Prat-Souteyrand C, Tian S, Thumann G. Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Overexpressing the Neuroprotective Proteins PEDF and GM-CSF to Treat Degeneration of the Neural Retina. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:168-183. [PMID: 34238157 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210707123809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-viral transposon-mediated gene delivery can overcome viral vectors' limitations. Transposon gene delivery offers the safe and life-long expression of genes such as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to counteract retinal degeneration by reducing oxidative stress damage. OBJECTIVE Use Sleeping Beauty transposon to transfect human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with the neuroprotective factors PEDF and GM-CSF to investigate the effect of these factors on oxidative stress damage. METHODS Human RPE cells were transfected with PEDF and GM-CSF by electroporation, using the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon gene delivery system (SB100X). Gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR and protein level by Western Blot as well as ELISA. The cellular stress level and the neuroprotective effect of the proteins were determined by measuring the concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione in human RPE cells and immunohistochemical examination of retinal integrity, inflammation, and apoptosis of rat retina-organotypic cultures (ROC) exposed to H2O2. RESULTS Human RPE cells were efficiently transfected, showing a significantly augmented gene expression and protein secretion. Human RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and/or GM-CSF or pre-treated with recombinant proteins presented significantly increased glutathione levels post-H2O2 incubation than non-transfected/untreated controls. rPEDF and/or rGM-CSF-treated ROC exhibited decreased inflammatory reactions and cell degeneration. CONCLUSION GM-CSF and/or PEDF could be delivered successfully to RPE cells by combining the use of SB100X and electroporation. PEDF and/or GM-CSF reduced H2O2-mediated oxidative stress damage in RPE cells and ROC offering an encouraging technique to re-establish a cell-protective environment to halt age-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Bascuas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hajer Zedira
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kropp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nina Harmening
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Asrih
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Shuwei Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Shang Z, Li C, Liu X, Xu M, Zhang X, Li X, Barnstable CJ, Zhao S, Tombran-Tink J. PEDF Gene Deletion Disrupts Corneal Innervation and Ocular Surface Function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34132748 PMCID: PMC8212434 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cornea is richly innervated by the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its function supported by secretions from the adjacent lacrimal (LG) and meibomian glands (MG). In this study we examined how pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) gene deletion affects the cornea structure and function. Methods We used PEDF hemizygous and homozygous knockout mice to study effects of PEDF deficiency on corneal innervation assessed by beta tubulin staining, mRNA expression of trophic factors, and PEDF receptors by adjacent supporting glands, corneal sensitivity measured using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and tear production using phenol red cotton thread wetting. Results Loss of PEDF was accompanied by reduced corneal innervation and sensitivity, increased corneal surface injury and tear production, thinning of the corneal stroma and loss of stromal cells. PEDF mRNA was expressed in the cornea and its supporting tissues, the TG, LG, and MG. Deletion of one or both PEDF alleles resulted in decreased expression of essential trophic support in the TG, LG, and MG including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor, and GDNF with significantly increased levels of NT-3 in the LG and decreased EGF expression in the cornea. Decreased transcription of the putative PEDF receptors, adipose triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein receptor–related protein 6, laminin receptor, PLXDC1, and PLXDC2 was also evident in the TG, LG and MG with the first three showing increased levels in corneas of the Pedf+/− and Pedf−/− mice compared to wildtype controls. Constitutive inactivation of ERK1/2 and Akt was pronounced in the TG and cornea, although their protein levels were dramatically increased in Pedf−/− mice. Conclusions This study highlights an essential role for PEDF in corneal structure and function and confirms the reported rescue of exogenous PEDF treatment in corneal pathologies. The pleiotropic effects of PEDF deletion on multiple trophic factors, receptors and signaling molecules are strong indications that PEDF is a key coordinator of molecular mechanisms that maintain corneal function and could be exploited in therapeutic options for several ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Manhong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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11
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de Diego-Otero Y, Giráldez-Pérez RM, Lima-Cabello E, Heredia-Farfan R, Calvo Medina R, Sanchez-Salido L, Pérez Costillas L. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and PEDF-receptor in the adult mouse brain: Differential spatial/temporal localization pattern. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:141-158. [PMID: 32427349 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein which was initially described in the retina, although it is also present in other tissues. It functions as an antioxidant agent promoting neuronal survival. Recently, a PEDF receptor has shown an elevated binding affinity for PEDF. There are no relevant data regarding the distribution of both proteins in the brain, therefore the main goal of this work was to investigate the spatiotemporal presence of PEDF and PEDFR in the adult mouse brain, and to determine the PEDF blood level in mouse and human. The localization of both proteins was analyzed by different experimental methods such as immunohistochemistry, western-blotting, and also by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differential expression was found in some telencephalic structures and positive signals for both proteins were detected in the cerebellum. The magnitude of the PEDFR labeling pattern was higher than PEDF and included some cortical and subventricular areas. Age-dependent changes in intensity of both protein immunoreactions were found in the cortical and hippocampal areas with greater reactivity between 4 and 8 months of age, whilst others, like the subventricular zones, these differences were more evident for PEDFR. Although ubiquitous presence was not found in the brain for these two proteins, their relevant functions must not be underestimated. It has been described that PEDF plays an important role in neuroprotection and data provided in the present work represents the first extensive study to understand the relevance of these two proteins in specific brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda de Diego-Otero
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Mental Health Clinic Unit, .Regional University Hospital, Hospital Civil, Málaga, Spain.,Research Unit, International Institute of Innovation and Attention to Neurodevelopment and Language, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa María Giráldez-Pérez
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, University of Cordoba, Edificio Charles Darwin, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl Heredia-Farfan
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Calvo Medina
- Pediatric Clinic Unit. Regional University Hospital, Hospital Materno-Infantil Avd, Arroyo de los Angeles, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sanchez-Salido
- Research Laboratory, Hospital Civil, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez Costillas
- Mental Health Clinic Unit, .Regional University Hospital, Hospital Civil, Málaga, Spain.,Psychiatry and Physiotherapy Department, University of Malaga. Medical School, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Chan A, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor regulation of neuronal and stem cell fate. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Narayanan SP, Shosha E, D Palani C. Spermine oxidase: A promising therapeutic target for neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104299. [PMID: 31207342 PMCID: PMC7011157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is a significant public health issue and the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults worldwide. The vision loss associated with DR affects patients' quality of life and has negative social and psychological effects. In the past, diabetic retinopathy was considered as a vascular disease; however, it is now recognized to be a neuro-vascular disease of the retina. Current therapies for DR, such as laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy, treat advanced stages of the disease, particularly the vasculopathy and have adverse side effects. Unavailability of effective treatments to prevent the incidence or progression of DR is a major clinical problem. There is a great need for therapeutic interventions capable of preventing retinal damage in DR patients. A growing body of evidence shows that neurodegeneration is an early event in DR pathogenesis. Therefore, studies of the underlying mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration are essential for identifying new therapeutic targets in the early stages of DR. Deregulation of the polyamine metabolism is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, renal failure, and diabetes. Spermine Oxidase (SMOX) is a highly inducible enzyme, and its dysregulation can alter polyamine homeostasis. The oxidative products of polyamine metabolism are capable of inducing cell damage and death. The current review provides insight into the SMOX-regulated molecular mechanisms of cellular damage and dysfunction, and its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy. Structural and functional changes in the diabetic retina and the mechanisms leading to neuronal damage (excitotoxicity, loss of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction etc.) are also summarized in this review. Furthermore, existing therapies and new approaches to neuroprotection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Augusta University Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Esraa Shosha
- Augusta University Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chithra D Palani
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States; Augusta University Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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14
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Effects of a combinatorial treatment with gene and cell therapy on retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal outgrowth after optic nerve injury. Gene Ther 2019; 27:27-39. [PMID: 31243393 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After an injury, axons in the central nervous system do not regenerate over large distances and permanently lose their connections to the brain. Two promising approaches to correct this condition are cell and gene therapies. In the present work, we evaluated the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene therapy alone and combined with human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy after optic nerve injury by analysis of retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal outgrowth. Overexpression of PEDF by intravitreal delivery of AAV2 vector significantly increased Tuj1-positive cells survival and modulated FGF-2, IL-1ß, Iba-1, and GFAP immunostaining in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) at 4 weeks after optic nerve crush, although it could not promote axonal outgrowth. The combination of AAV2.PEDF and hMSC therapy showed a higher number of Tuj1-positive cells and a pronounced axonal outgrowth than unimodal therapy after optic nerve crush. In summary, our results highlight a synergistic effect of combined gene and cell therapy relevant for future therapeutic interventions regarding optic nerve injury.
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15
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Lee HJ, Lee JO, Lee YW, Kim SA, Seo IH, Han JA, Kang MJ, Kim SJ, Cho YH, Park JJ, Choi JI, Park SH, Kim HS. LIF, a Novel Myokine, Protects Against Amyloid-Beta-Induced Neurotoxicity via Akt-Mediated Autophagy Signaling in Hippocampal Cells. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:402-414. [PMID: 31125414 PMCID: PMC6545540 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia inhibitory factor, a novel myokine, is known to be associated with neural function, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS HT-22 mouse hippocampal cells, primary hippocampal cells, and Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model were used to determine the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on neurons. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence method were used to analyze biological mechanism. RESULTS Leukemia inhibitory factor increased Akt phosphorylation in a phosphoinositide-3-kinase-dependent manner in hippocampal cells. Leukemia inhibitory factor also increased the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and the downstream S6K. Leukemia inhibitory factor stimulated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription via extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Leukemia inhibitory factor increased c-fos expression through both Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Leukemia inhibitory factor blocked amyloid β-induced neural viability suppression and inhibited amyloid β-induced glucose uptake impairment through the block of amyloid β-mediated insulin receptor downregulation. Leukemia inhibitory factor blocked amyloid β-mediated induction of the autophagy marker, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3. Additionally, in primary prepared hippocampal cells, leukemia inhibitory factor stimulated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, demonstrating that leukemia inhibitory factor has physiological relevance in vivo. Suppression of the autophagy marker, light chain 3II, by leukemia inhibitory factor was observed in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that leukemia inhibitory factor protects against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity via Akt/extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated c-fos induction, and thus suggest that leukemia inhibitory factor is a potential drug for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hyeok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Han
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Cho
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Correspondence: Hyeon Soo Kim, MD, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea ()
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16
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Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. Pigment epithelium-derived factor mediates retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection by suppression of caspase-2. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30718480 PMCID: PMC6362048 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo rapid cell death by apoptosis after injury but can be rescued by suppression of caspase-2 (CASP2) using an siRNA to CASP2 (siCASP2). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), has neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic functions and protects RGC from death. The purpose of this study was to investigate if suppression of CASP2 is a possible mechanism of neuroprotection by PEDF in RGC. Adult rat retinal cells were treated in vitro with sub-optimal and optimal concentrations of siCASP2 and PEDF and levels of CASP2 mRNA and RGC survival were then quantified. Optic nerve crush (ONC) injury followed by intravitreal injections of siCASP2 or PEDF and eye drops of PEDF-34 were also used to determine CASP2 mRNA and protein reduction. Results showed that PEDF and PEDF-34 significantly suppressed CASP2 mRNA in culture, by 1.85- and 3.04-fold, respectively, and increased RGC survival by 63.2 ± 3.8% and 81.9 ± 6.6%, respectively compared to cells grown in Neurobasal-A alone. RGC survival was significantly reduced in glial proliferation inhibited and purified RGC cultures suggesting that some of the effects of PEDF were glia-mediated. In addition, intravitreal injection of PEDF and eye drops of PEDF-34 after ONC also suppressed CASP2 mRNA levels by 1.82- and 3.89-fold and cleaved caspase-2 (C-CASP2) protein levels by 4.98- and 8.93-fold compared to ONC + PBS vehicle groups, respectively, without affecting other executioner caspases. Treatment of retinal cultures with PEDF and PEDF-34 promoted the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTF) into the culture media, of which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) caused the greatest reduction in CASP2 mRNA and C-CASP2 protein. The neuroprotective effects of PEDF were blocked by a polyclonal antibody and PEDF suppressed key elements in the apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, this study shows that some of the RGC neuroprotective effects of PEDF is regulated through suppression of CASP2 and downstream apoptotic signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthy Vigneswara
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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17
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Akpinar MY, Kahramanoglu Aksoy E, Pirincci Sapmaz F, Ceylan Dogan O, Uzman M, Nazligul Y. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Affects Angiogenesis in Celiac Disease. Med Princ Pract 2019; 28:236-241. [PMID: 30726852 PMCID: PMC6597925 DOI: 10.1159/000497612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have demonstrated that angiogenesis is impaired in patients with celiac disease (CD). In this study, we evaluated the levels of the novel antiangiogenic factor pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in CD patients. METHODS Eighty-four patients were included in the study; 71 patients with CD and 13 healthy controls. In the CD patient cohort, there were 21 newly diagnosed patients, 19 with adherence to a gluten-free diet and 31 practicing no adherence to this diet. The PEDF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The data revealed that celiac patients had higher levels of PEDF than did healthy controls. PEDF levels were not significantly different among the three CD groups. Additionally, the PEDF levels were not correlated with tissue transglutaminase IgA or IgG. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PEDF levels are significantly higher in CD patients than those in the healthy controls. This result suggests that PEDF negatively affects angiogenesis in CD. Although we did not observe any differences of PEDF levels among celiac patients, additional studies including more patients could clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yener Akpinar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,
| | - Evrim Kahramanoglu Aksoy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferdane Pirincci Sapmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Metin Uzman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasar Nazligul
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Li XH, Wang HP, Tan J, Wu YD, Yang M, Mao CZ, Gao SF, Li H, Chen H, Cai WB. Loss of pigment epithelium-derived factor leads to ovarian oxidative damage accompanied by diminished ovarian reserve in mice. Life Sci 2018; 216:129-139. [PMID: 30414426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the pathophysiological role and mechanism of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) deletion in ovarian damage. METHODS Female PEDF-knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were used in this study. Relevant tests were performed at 8-10 weeks or 32 weeks of age. KEY FINDINGS Compared to the wild-type mice, the PEDF-knockout mice showed diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), worse ovum quality after injection to induce controlled ovarian stimulation, increased serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level and an follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) ratio. Moreover, severe ovarian oxidative damage was found in ovaries of PEDF-knockout mice that mainly manifested as an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF‑E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activation, significantly upregulated expression of ROS-generating genes. Correspondingly, the PEDF-knockout mice exhibited lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance, which mainly manifested as obesity, abdominal fat accumulation, adipocyte enlargement, severe ectopic fat deposition, dyslipidemia, changes in adipokine levels, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin tolerance and significantly declined protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels. SIGNIFICANCE Loss of PEDF leads to ovarian oxidative damage accompanied by DOR in mice, this is related to PEDF deficiency induced severe insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorder. Therefore, PEDF may be a potential target for the treatment of diseases related to ovarian oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-di Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Zhou Mao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sai-Fei Gao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei-Bin Cai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Program in Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Laboratary Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Cao L, Liu J, Pu J, Milne G, Chen M, Xu H, Shipley A, Forrester JV, McCaig CD, Lois N. Polarized retinal pigment epithelium generates electrical signals that diminish with age and regulate retinal pathology. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5552-5564. [PMID: 30160348 PMCID: PMC6201363 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transepithelial potential difference (TEP) across the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) is dependent on ionic pumps and tight junction "seals" between epithelial cells. RPE cells release neurotrophic growth factors such as pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF), which is reduced in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The mechanisms that control the secretion of PEDF from RPE cells are not well understood. Using the CCL2/CX3CR1 double knockout mouse model (DKO), which demonstrates RPE damage and retinal degeneration, we uncovered an interaction between PEDF and the TEP which is likely to play an important role in retinal ageing and in the pathogenesis of AMD. We found that: (a) the expression of ATP1B1 (the Na+ /K+ -ATPase β1 subunit) was reduced significantly in RPE from aged mice, in patients with CNV (Choroidal Neovascularization) and in DKO mice; (b) the expression of PEDF also was decreased in aged persons and in DKO mice; (c) the TEP across RPE was reduced markedly in RPE cells from DKO mice and (d) an applied electric field (EF) of 50-100 mV/mm, used to mimic the natural TEP, increased the expression and secretion of PEDF in primary RPE cells. In conclusion, the TEP across the RPE depends on the expression of ATP1B1 and this regulates the secretion of PEDF by RPE cells and so may regulate the onset of retinal disease. Increasing the expression of PEDF using an applied EF to replenish a disease or age-reduced TEP may offer a new way of preventing or reversing retinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Yizhou International Proton Medical Centre and Cancer HospitalHe BeiChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of OphthalmologyFrist Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jin Pu
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Gillian Milne
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Mei Chen
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Heping Xu
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Alan Shipley
- Biological Research & DevelopmentUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - John V Forrester
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Colin D McCaig
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Noemi Lois
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
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Of mice and men: The physiological role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:880-899. [PMID: 30367950 PMCID: PMC6439276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has been discovered 14 years ago and revised our view on intracellular triglyceride (TG) mobilization – a process termed lipolysis. ATGL initiates the hydrolysis of TGs to release fatty acids (FAs) that are crucial energy substrates, precursors for the synthesis of membrane lipids, and ligands of nuclear receptors. Thus, ATGL is a key enzyme in whole-body energy homeostasis. In this review, we give an update on how ATGL is regulated on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level and how this affects the enzymes' activity in the context of neutral lipid catabolism. In depth, we highlight and discuss the numerous physiological functions of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism. Over more than a decade, different genetic mouse models lacking or overexpressing ATGL in a cell- or tissue-specific manner have been generated and characterized. Moreover, pharmacological studies became available due to the development of a specific murine ATGL inhibitor (Atglistatin®). The identification of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL and their disease spectrum has underpinned the importance of ATGL in humans. Together, mouse models and human data have advanced our understanding of the physiological role of ATGL in lipid and energy metabolism in adipose and non-adipose tissues, and of the pathophysiological consequences of ATGL dysfunction in mice and men. Summary of mouse models with genetic or pharmacological manipulation of ATGL. Summary of patients with mutations in the human gene encoding ATGL. In depth discussion of the role of ATGL in numerous physiological processes in mice and men.
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Ma S, Wang S, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhu P. The effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor on atherosclerosis: putative mechanisms of the process. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:240. [PMID: 30326915 PMCID: PMC6192115 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is believed to be the major cause of CVD, characterized by atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque disruption. Although remarkable advances in understanding the mechanisms of atherosclerosis have been made, the application of these theories is still limited in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Therefore, novel and effective strategies to treat high-risk patients with atherosclerosis require further development. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic and anti-tumorigenic properties, is of considerable interest in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Accumulating research has suggested that PEDF exerts beneficial effects on atherosclerotic lesions and CVD patients. Our group, along with colleagues, has demonstrated that PEDF may be associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and that the polymorphisms of rs8075977 of PEDF are correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, we have explored the anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of PEDF, showing that oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) reduced PEDF concentrations through the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that D-4F can protect endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced injury by preventing the downregulation of PEDF. Additionally, PEDF might alleviate endothelial injury by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These data suggest that PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of PEDF in the development of atherosclerosis, focusing on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and cell proliferation. We will also discuss its promising therapeutic implications for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Ma
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Cadre Clinic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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22
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Hao X, Cheng J, Zhang Z. Polymorphisms in PEDF linked with the susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11981. [PMID: 30142832 PMCID: PMC6113020 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the relationship between pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) rs1136287, rs1894286 polymorphisms and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in northern Chinese populations.The study was carried out on case-control methods. Ninety-six patients with AMD and 98 health controls were recruited who were matched with the former by age and gender, rs1136287 and rs1894286 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was also checked by χ test. The distribution frequencies of genotype, allele, and haplotype were calculated by direct counting method. The genotype, allele, and haplotype distribution differences between the case and control groups were analyzed by chi-square test, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to express the relative risk of AMD in northern Chinese populations. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analyses were conducted with Haploview software.The genotype and allele distribution frequencies in rs1136287 were obviously between in cases and controls (P < .05). TT genotype might lead to 3.24 times risk of AMD occurrence compared with CC genotype (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.26-8.32), and C allele also played an increased risk role in the attack of AMD (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.06-2.38). The T-C haplotype frequency of rs1136287-rs1894286 in PEDF were significantly correlated to the increased susceptibility to AMD (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.02-2.40).The rs1136287 polymorphism in PEDF may be related to the occurrence risk of AMD. Additionally, a haplotype is also a non-ignorable risk factor.
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23
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Huang M, Qi W, Fang S, Jiang P, Yang C, Mo Y, Dong C, Li Y, Zhong J, Cai W, Yang Z, Zhou T, Wang Q, Yang X, Gao G. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Plays a Role in Alzheimer's Disease by Negatively Regulating Aβ42. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:728-741. [PMID: 29736859 PMCID: PMC6095778 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a unique neurotrophic protein, decreases with aging. Previous reports have conflicted regarding whether the PEDF concentration is altered in AD patients. In addition, the effect of PEDF on AD has not been documented. Here, we tested serum samples of 31 AD patients and 271 normal controls. We found that compared to PEDF levels in young and middle-aged control subjects, PEDF levels were reduced in old-aged controls and even more so in AD patients. Furthermore, we verified that PEDF expression was much lower and amyloid β-protein (Aβ)42 expression was much higher in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain mice than in senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) control strain mice. Accordingly, high levels of Aβ42 were also observed in PEDF knockout (KO) mice. PEDF notably reduced cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze (MWM) and significantly downregulated Aβ42 in SAMP8 mice. Mechanistically, PEDF downregulated presenilin-1 (PS1) expression by inhibiting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that PEDF negatively regulates Aβ42 and that PEDF deficiency with aging might play a crucial role in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yousheng Mo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Halbgebauer S, Öckl P, Wirth K, Steinacker P, Otto M. Protein biomarkers in Parkinson's disease: Focus on cerebrospinal fluid markers and synaptic proteins. Mov Disord 2016; 31:848-60. [PMID: 27134134 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, to date, no validated biomarkers for PD have been found. This review seeks to summarize studies approaching the detection of biomarker candidates for PD and introduce promising ones in more detail, with special attention to synaptic proteins. To this end, we performed a PubMed search and included studies using proteomic tools (2-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis and/or mass spectrometry) for the comparison of samples from PD and control patients. We found 27 studies reporting more than 500 differentially expressed proteins in which a total of 28 were detected in 2 and 17 in 3 or more independent studies, including posttranslationally modified proteins. In addition, of these 500 proteins, 25 were found to be brain specific, and 14 were enriched in synapses. Special attention was given to the applicability of the biomarker regarding sampling procedures, that is, using CSF/serum material for diagnosis. Furthermore, presynaptic proteins involved in vesicle membrane fusion seem to be interesting candidates for future analyses. Nonetheless, even though such promising biomarker candidates for PD exist, validation of these biomarkers in large-scale clinical studies is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic potential. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Öckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Sun J, Mandai M, Kamao H, Hashiguchi T, Shikamura M, Kawamata S, Sugita S, Takahashi M. Protective Effects of Human iPS-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells in Comparison with Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Human Neural Stem Cells on the Degenerating Retina in rd1 mice. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1543-53. [PMID: 25728228 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of visual impairments characterized by progressive rod photoreceptor cell loss due to a genetic background. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) predominantly secreted by the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) has been reported to protect photoreceptors in retinal degeneration models, including rd1. In addition, clinical trials are currently underway outside Japan using human mesenchymal stromal cells and human neural stem cells to protect photoreceptors in RP and dry age-related macular degeneration, respectively. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the rescue effects of induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-RPE cells in comparison with those types of cells used in clinical trials on photoreceptor degeneration in rd1 mice. Cells were injected into the subretinal space of immune-suppressed 2-week-old rd1 mice. The results demonstrated that human iPS-RPE cells significantly attenuated photoreceptor degeneration on postoperative days (PODs) 14 and 21 and survived longer up to at least 12 weeks after operation than the other two types of graft cells with less immune responses and apoptosis. The mean PEDF concentration in the intraocular fluid in RPE-transplanted eyes was more than 1 µg/ml at PODs 14 and 21, and this may have contributed to the protective effect of RPE transplantation. Our findings suggest that iPS-RPE cells serve as a competent source to delay photoreceptor degeneration through stable survival in degenerating ocular environment and by releasing neuroprotective factors such as PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Sun
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), Kobe, Japan; Application Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Knierim E, Hirata H, Wolf NI, Morales-Gonzalez S, Schottmann G, Tanaka Y, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Orgeur M, Zerres K, Vogt S, van Riesen A, Gill E, Seifert F, Zwirner A, Kirschner J, Goebel HH, Hübner C, Stricker S, Meierhofer D, Stenzel W, Schuelke M. Mutations in Subunits of the Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Complex Are Associated with Prenatal Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Congenital Bone Fractures. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:473-489. [PMID: 26924529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional signal cointegrators associate with transcription factors or nuclear receptors and coregulate tissue-specific gene transcription. We report on recessive loss-of-function mutations in two genes (TRIP4 and ASCC1) that encode subunits of the nuclear activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex. We used autozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing to search for pathogenic mutations in four families. Affected individuals presented with prenatal-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), multiple congenital contractures (arthrogryposis multiplex congenita), respiratory distress, and congenital bone fractures. We identified homozygous and compound-heterozygous nonsense and frameshift TRIP4 and ASCC1 mutations that led to a truncation or the entire absence of the respective proteins and cosegregated with the disease phenotype. Trip4 and Ascc1 have identical expression patterns in 17.5-day-old mouse embryos with high expression levels in the spinal cord, brain, paraspinal ganglia, thyroid, and submandibular glands. Antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown of either trip4 or ascc1 in zebrafish disrupted the highly patterned and coordinated process of α-motoneuron outgrowth and formation of myotomes and neuromuscular junctions and led to a swimming defect in the larvae. Immunoprecipitation of the ASC-1 complex consistently copurified cysteine and glycine rich protein 1 (CSRP1), a transcriptional cofactor, which is known to be involved in spinal cord regeneration upon injury in adult zebrafish. ASCC1 mutant fibroblasts downregulated genes associated with neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and pathfinding (SERPINF1, DAB1, SEMA3D, SEMA3A), as well as with bone development (TNFRSF11B, RASSF2, STC1). Our findings indicate that the dysfunction of a transcriptional coactivator complex can result in a clinical syndrome affecting the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Knierim
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan; Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Morales-Gonzalez
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schottmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mickael Orgeur
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogt
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard & Partner, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anne van Riesen
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Gill
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Seifert
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Zwirner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Secretome of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell, a Multiple Potential Stem Cell. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1243659. [PMID: 26949398 PMCID: PMC4753338 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1243659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) have the ability to promote regeneration in the nervous system in vivo. Moreover, with view to the potential for clinical application, OM-MSCs have the advantage of being easily accessible from patients and transplantable in an autologous manner, thus eliminating immune rejection and contentious ethical issues. So far, most studies have been focused on the role of OM-MSCs in central nervous system replacement. However, the secreted proteomics of OM-MSCs have not been reported yet. Here, proteins secreted by OM-MSCs cultured in serum-free conditions were separated on SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS/MS. As a result, a total of 274 secreted proteins were identified. These molecules are known to be important in neurotrophy, angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and inflammation which were highly correlated with the repair of central nervous system. The proteomic profiling of the OM-MSCs secretome might provide new insights into their nature in the neural recovery. However, proteomic analysis for clinical biomarkers of OM-MSCs needs to be further studied.
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28
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Belkacemi L, Zhang SX. Anti-tumor effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF): implication for cancer therapy. A mini-review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:4. [PMID: 26746675 PMCID: PMC4706649 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted glycoprotein and a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family. It is widely expressed in human fetal and adult tissues but its expression decreases with age and in malignant tissues. The main anti-cancer activities of PEDF derive from its dual effects, either indirectly on the tumor microenvironment (indirect antitumor action) or directly on the tumor itself (direct antitumor influence). The indirect antitumor activities of PEDF were uncovered from the early findings that it stimulates retinoblastoma cell differentiation and that additionally it possesses anti-angiogenic, anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic properties. The mechanisms of its direct antitumor effect, however, have not been fully elucidated. This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of the multifunctional activities of PEDF and, in particular, its anti-cancer signaling mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of using novel phosphaplatin compounds that can upregulate PEDF expression as a chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Belkacemi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Shaun Xiaoliu Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA. .,Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Kozłowska J, Mikuła T, Suchacz M, Jabłnońska J, Stańczak W, Cianciara J, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Pigment epithelium-derived factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in liver cirrhosis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:375-379. [PMID: 27748324 PMCID: PMC5051222 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.191143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to assess the role of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in progression of liver cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of PEDF and MMP-9 were tested in 212 patients with liver cirrhosis and in a control group of 30 healthy volunteers. HCC was diagnosed in 45 of the 212 patients studied (21%). RESULTS Serum PEDF and MMP-9 were higher in the study group than that in the control group (P < 0.001). In patients with alcoholic or mixed (alcoholic and viral hepatitis-related) cirrhosis, serum PEDF was higher than that in other patients (13970.2 ± 13406.9 ng/ml vs. 8563.5 ± 9602.7 ng/ml, P = 0.008). In patients with viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis, significantly higher PEDF levels were recorded in those with HCC (13429.1 ± 12045.8) than that in patients without HCC (6660.1 ± 7927.1; P = 0.04). There was a trend for higher serum MMP-9 in patients with HCC (5778.7 ± 12426.6 vs. 1389.8 ± 1944.7 in those without HCC; P = 0.07). Significant negative correlation between serum MMP-9 and serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with HCC was observed (r = -0.54; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Serum PEDF and MMP-9 could be auxiliary markers in diagnosis of HCC, especially in patients with low alpha-fetoprotein level. Alcohol consumption can affect serum PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozłowska
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Address for correspondence: Dr. Kozłowska Joanna, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-201 Warsaw, Wolska 37, Poland. E-mail:
| | - Tomasz Mikuła
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Suchacz
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłnońska
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Stańczak
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Cianciara
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Liang H, Duan W, Hou H, Yi W, Zhang J, Jin Z, Zhai M, Yu S, Liu J, Yi D. The roles of nanocarriers on pigment epithelium-derived factor in the differentiation of human cardiac stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:611-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Conti A, Alessio M. Comparative Proteomics for the Evaluation of Protein Expression and Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 121:117-52. [PMID: 26315764 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Together with hypothesis-driven approaches, high-throughput differential proteomic analysis performed primarily not only in human cerebrospinal fluid and serum but also on protein content of other tissues (blood cells, muscles, peripheral nerves, etc.) has been used in the last years to investigate neurodegenerative diseases. Even if the goal for these analyses was mainly the discovery of neurodegenerative disorders biomarkers, the characterization of specific posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and the differential protein expression resulted in being very informative to better define the pathological mechanisms. In this chapter are presented and discussed the positive aspects and challenges of the outcomes of some of our investigations on neurological and neurodegenerative disease, in order to highlight the important role of protein PTMs studies in proteomics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Conti
- Proteome Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. OBJECTIVE To identify proteins with differential expression in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 15 clinically normal (control) dogs and 15 dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Canine CSM is a spontaneous, chronic, compressive cervical myelopathy similar to human cervical spondylotic myelopathy. There is a limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions. Differentially expressed CSF proteins may contribute with novel information about the disease pathogenesis in both dogs and humans. METHODS Protein separation was performed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis. A Student t test was used to detect significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). Three comparisons were made: (1) control versus CSM-affected dogs, (2) control versus non-corticosteroid-treated CSM-affected dogs, and (3) non-corticosteroid-treated CSM-affected versus corticosteroid-treated CSM-affected dogs. Protein spots exhibiting at least a statistically significant 1.25-fold change between groups were selected for subsequent identification with capillary-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 96 spots had a significant average change of at least 1.25-fold in 1 of the 3 comparisons. Compared with the CSF of control dogs, CSM-affected dogs demonstrated increased CSF expression of 8 proteins including vitamin D-binding protein, gelsolin, creatine kinase B-type, angiotensinogen, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, rich in cysteine), calsyntenin-1, and complement C3, and decreased expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor, prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase, apolipoprotein E, and clusterin. In the CSF of CSM-affected dogs, corticosteroid treatment increased the expression of haptoglobin, transthyretin isoform 2, cystatin C-like, apolipoprotein E, and clusterin, and decreased the expression of angiotensinogen, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, and gelsolin. CONCLUSION Many of the differentially expressed proteins are associated with damaged neural tissue, bone turnover, and/or compromised blood-spinal cord barrier. The knowledge of the protein changes that occur in CSM and upon corticosteroid treatment of CSM-affected patients will aid in further understanding the pathomechanisms underlying this disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Spruill MM, Kuncl RW. Calbindin-D28K is increased in the ventral horn of spinal cord by neuroprotective factors for motor neurons. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1184-91. [PMID: 25914366 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Slow glutamate-mediated neuronal degeneration is implicated in the pathophysiology of motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The calcium-binding proteins calbindin-D28K and parvalbumin have been reported to protect neurons against excitotoxic insults. Expression of calbindin-D28K is low in adult human motor neurons, and vulnerable motor neurons additionally may lack parvalbumin. Thus, it has been speculated that the lack of calcium-binding proteins may, in part, be responsible for early degeneration of the population of motor neurons most vulnerable in ALS. Using a rat organotypic spinal cord slice system, we examined whether the most potent neuroprotective factors for motor neurons can increase the expression of calbindin-D28K or parvalbumin proteins in the postnatal spinal cord. After 4 weeks of incubation of spinal cord slices with 1) glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), 2) neurturin, 3) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), or 4) pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), the number of calbindin-D28K -immunopositive large neurons (>20 μm) in the ventral horn was higher under the first three conditions, but not after PEDF, compared with untreated controls. Under the same conditions, parvalbumin was not upregulated by any neuroprotective factor. The same calbindin increase was true of IGF-I and GDNF in a parallel glutamate toxicity model of motor neuron degeneration. Taken together with our previous reports from the same model, which showed that all these neurotrophic factors can potently protect motor neurons from slow glutamate injury, the data here suggest that upregulation of calbindin-D28K by some of these factors may be one mechanism by which motor neurons can be protected from glutamate-induced, calcium-mediated excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Spruill
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ralph W Kuncl
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang JW, Zhou MW, Zhang X, Huang WB, Gao XB, Wang W, Chen S, Zhang XY, Ding XY, Jonas JB. Short-term effect of intravitreal ranibizumab on intraocular concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and pigment epithelium-derived factor in neovascular glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 43:415-21. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Min Wen Zhou
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wen Bin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Bo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Yu Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao Yan Ding
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University; Heidelberg Germany
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Hong H, Zhou T, Fang S, Jia M, Xu Z, Dai Z, Li C, Li S, Li L, Zhang T, Qi W, Bardeesi ASA, Yang Z, Cai W, Yang X, Gao G. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits breast cancer metastasis by down-regulating fibronectin. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:61-72. [PMID: 25284724 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays an important role in the tumor growth and metastasis inhibition. It has been reported that PEDF expression is significantly reduced in breast cancer, and associated with disease progression and poor patient outcome. However, the exact mechanism of PEDF on breast cancer metastasis including liver and lung metastasis remains unclear. The present study aims to reveal the impact of PEDF on breast cancer. The orthotopic tumor mice model inoculated by MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing PEDF or control cells was used to assess liver and lung metastasis of breast cancer. In vitro, migration and invasion experiments were used to detect the metastatic abilities of MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells with or without overexpression of PEDF. The metastatic-related molecules including EMT makers, fibronectin, and p-AKT and p-ERK were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and Fluorescent immunocytochemistry. PEDF significantly inhibited breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, PEDF inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion by down-regulating fibronectin and subsequent MMP2/MMP9 reduction via p-ERK and p-AKT signaling pathways. However, PEDF had no effect on EMT conversion in the breast cancer cells which was usually involved in cancer metastasis. Furthermore, the study showed that laminin receptor mediated the down-regulation of fibronectin by PEDF. These results reported for the first time that PEDF inhibited breast cancer metastasis by down-regulating fibronectin via laminin receptor/AKT/ERK pathway. Our findings demonstrated PEDF as a dual effector in limiting breast cancer growth and metastasis and highlighted a new avenue to block breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China,
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Elahy M, Baindur-Hudson S, Cruzat VF, Newsholme P, Dass CR. Mechanisms of PEDF-mediated protection against reactive oxygen species damage in diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:R129-39. [PMID: 24928938 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a pluripotent glycoprotein belonging to the serpin family. PEDF can stimulate several physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and survival. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the major cause of blindness in young diabetic adults. PEDF plays a protective role in DR and there is accumulating evidence of the neuroprotective effect of PEDF. In this paper, we review the role of PEDF and the mechanisms involved in its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Elahy
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Swati Baindur-Hudson
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Vinicius F Cruzat
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, AustraliaCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, AustraliaCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, AustraliaCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical SciencesBiosciences Research PrecinctSchool of PharmacyCurtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Unterlauft JD, Claudepierre T, Schmidt M, Müller K, Yafai Y, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Eichler W. Enhanced survival of retinal ganglion cells is mediated by Müller glial cell-derived PEDF. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:206-14. [PMID: 25128578 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) leads to visual impairment and blindness in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, primarily in glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy; hence, mechanisms that contribute to protecting RGC from ischemia/hypoxia are of great interest. We here address the role of retinal glial (Müller) cells and of pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), one of the main neuroprotectants released from the glial cells. We show that the hypoxia-induced loss in the viability of cultured purified RGC is due to apoptosis, but that the number of viable RGC increases when co-cultured with Müller glial cells suggesting that glial soluble mediators attenuate the death of RGC. When PEDF was ablated from Müller cells a significantly lower number of RGC survived in RGC-Müller cell co-cultures indicating that PEDF is a major survival factor allowing RGC to escape cell death. We further found that RGC express a PEDF receptor known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2) and that PEDF exposure, as well as the presence of Müller cells, leads to an activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in RGC. Furthermore, adding an NF-κB inhibitor (SN50) to PEDF-treated RGC cultures reduced the survival of RGC. These findings strongly suggest that NF-κB activation in RGC is critically involved in the pro-survival action of Müller-cell derived PEDF and plays an important role in maintaining neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Claudepierre
- ENSAIA, UR AFPA, Team BFLA, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Müller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yousef Yafai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Glia, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Behavioral improvement and regulation of molecules related to neuroplasticity in ischemic rat spinal cord treated with PEDF. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:451639. [PMID: 25110592 PMCID: PMC4106224 DOI: 10.1155/2014/451639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) exerts trophic actions to motoneurons and modulates nonneuronal restorative events, but its effects on neuroplasticity responses after spinal cord (SC) injury are unknown. Rats received a low thoracic SC photothrombotic ischemia and local injection of PEDF and were evaluated behaviorally six weeks later. PEDF actions were detailed in SC ventral horn (motor) in the levels of the lumbar central pattern generator (CPG), far from the injury site. Molecules related to neuroplasticity (MAP-2), those that are able to modulate such event, for instance, neurotrophic factors (NT-3, GDNF, BDNF, and FGF-2), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG), and those associated with angiogenesis and antiapoptosis (laminin and Bcl-2) and Eph (receptor)/ephrin system were evaluated at cellular or molecular levels. PEDF injection improved motor behavioral performance and increased MAP-2 levels and dendritic processes in the region of lumbar CPG. Treatment also elevated GDNF and decreased NT-3, laminin, and CSPG. Injury elevated EphA4 and ephrin-B1 levels, and PEDF treatment increased ephrin A2 and ephrins B1, B2, and B3. Eph receptors and ephrins were found in specific populations of neurons and astrocytes. PEDF treatment to SC injury triggered neuroplasticity in lumbar CPG and regulation of neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and ephrins.
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Rapp M, Woo G, Al-Ubaidi MR, Becerra SP, Subramanian P. Pigment epithelium-derived factor protects cone photoreceptor-derived 661W cells from light damage through Akt activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 801:813-20. [PMID: 24664775 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) can delay and prevent the death of photoreceptors in vivo. We investigated the survival activity of PEDF on cone photoreceptor-derived 661W cells in culture, the presence of PEDF receptor (PEDF-R) in these cells and the activation of prosurvival Akt. Cell death was induced by light exposure in the presence of 9-cis retinal. Cell viability assays showed that PEDF increased the number of 661W cells exposed to these conditions. Western blots showed that PEDF-treated 661W cells had a higher ratio of phosphorylated Akt to total Akt than untreated cells. The PEDF receptor PEDF-R was immunodetected in the plasma membrane fractions of 661W cells. The results demonstrated that PEDF can protect 661W cells against light-induced cell death and suggest that the binding of PEDF to cell surface PEDF-R triggers a prosurvival signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rapp
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6, Rm. 131F, 6 Center Dr., MSC 0608, 20892-0608, Bethesda, MD, USA,
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Subramanian P, Locatelli-Hoops S, Kenealey J, DesJardin J, Notari L, Becerra SP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) prevents retinal cell death via PEDF Receptor (PEDF-R): identification of a functional ligand binding site. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23928-42. [PMID: 23818523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.487884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) displays retina survival activity by interacting with receptor proteins on cell surfaces. We have previously reported that PEDF binds and stimulates PEDF receptor (PEDF-R), a transmembrane phospholipase. However, the PEDF binding site of PEDF-R and its involvement in survival activity have not been identified. The purpose of this work is to identify a biologically relevant ligand-binding site on PEDF-R. PEDF bound the PEDF-R ectodomain L4 (Leu(159)-Met(325)) with affinity similar to the full-length PEDF-R (Met(1)-Leu(504)). Binding assays using synthetic peptides spanning L4 showed that PEDF selectively bound E5b (Ile(193)-Leu(232)) and P1 (Thr(210)-Leu(249)) peptides. Recombinant C-terminal truncated PEDF-R4 (Met(1)-Leu(232)) and internally truncated PEDF-R and PEDF-R4 (ΔHis(203)-Leu(232)) retained phospholipase activity of the full-length PEDF-R. However, PEDF-R polypeptides without the His(203)-Leu(232) region lost the PEDF affinity that stimulated their enzymatic activity. Cell surface labeling showed that PEDF-R is present in the plasma membranes of retina cells. Using siRNA to selectively knock down PEDF-R in retina cells, we demonstrated that PEDF-R is essential for PEDF-mediated cell survival and antiapoptotic activities. Furthermore, preincubation of PEDF with P1 and E5b peptides blocked the PEDF·PEDF-R-mediated retina cell survival activity, implying that peptide binding to PEDF excluded ligand-receptor interactions on the cell surface. Our findings establish that PEDF-R is required for the survival and antiapoptotic effects of PEDF on retina cells and has determinants for PEDF binding within its L4 ectodomain that are critical for enzymatic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Subramanian
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Vigneswara V, Berry M, Logan A, Ahmed Z. Pigment epithelium-derived factor is retinal ganglion cell neuroprotective and axogenic after optic nerve crush injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:2624-33. [PMID: 23513062 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate neuroprotective and axogenic properties of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Adult rat retinal cultures were treated with combinations of PBS and PEDF with or without a cell permeable analogue of cAMP, and RGC survival and neurite lengths quantified. The optic nerves of anesthetised rats were also crushed intraorbitally to transect all RGC axons followed by intravitreal injections of either PBS, PEDF, or cAMP+PEDF every 7 days. RGC were back filled with FluoroGold to quantify RGC survival and longitudinal optic nerve sections were stained with GAP43 antibodies to detect regenerating RGC axons. RESULTS An optimal dose of 2.5 × 10(-5) μg/μL, promoted 65% more RGC survival than controls in vitro, increasing by 4.4- and 5-fold the number of RGC with neurites and the mean neurite length, respectively. Addition of cAMP with or without PEDF did not potentiate RGC survival or the mean number of RGC with neurites, but enhanced RGC neurite length by 1.4-fold, compared with PEDF alone. After optic nerve crush (ONC), PEDF protected RGC from apoptosis and increased the numbers of regenerating RGC axons in the optic nerve by 4.6- and 3.4-fold, respectively when compared with controls. cAMP did not enhance PEDF-induced RGC neuroprotection, but potentiated its neuroregenerative effects by 2- to 3-fold, increasing the number of RGC axons regenerating at 500 and 1000 μm from the lesions site. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that PEDF enhances both RGC survival and axon regeneration in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthy Vigneswara
- Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration Section, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Becerra SP, Notario V. The effects of PEDF on cancer biology: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:258-71. [PMID: 23486238 PMCID: PMC3707632 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The potent actions of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on tumour-associated cells, and its extracellular localization and secretion, stimulated research on this multifunctional serpin. Such studies have identified several PEDF receptors and downstream signalling pathways. Known cellular PEDF responses have expanded from the initial discovery that PEDF induces retinoblastoma cell differentiation to its anti-angiogenic, antitumorigenic and antimetastatic properties. Although the diversity of PEDF activities seems to be complex, they are consistent with the varied mechanisms that regulate this multimodal factor. If PEDF is to be used for cancer management, a deeper appreciation of its many functions and mechanisms of action is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patricia Becerra
- National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Lipinski DM, Thake M, MacLaren RE. Clinical applications of retinal gene therapy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 32:22-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kolarcik C, Bowser R. Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid-Based Protein Biomarkers for Motor Neuron Disease. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 10:281-92. [PMID: 17022691 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) and, in particular, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are a heterogeneous group of neurologic disorders characterized by the progressive loss of motor function. In ALS, a selective and relentless degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons occurs, culminating in mortality typically within 5 years of symptom onset. However, survival rates vary among individual patients and can be from a few months to >10 years from diagnosis. Inadequacies in disease detection and treatment, along with a lack of diagnostic and prognostic tools, have prompted many to turn to proteomics-based biomarker discovery efforts. Proteomics refers to the study of the proteins expressed by a genome at a particular time, and the proteome can respond to and reflect the status of an organism, including health and disease states. Although an emerging field, proteomic applications promise to uncover biomarkers critical for differentiating patients with ALS and other MNDs from healthy individuals and from patients affected by other diseases. Ideally, these studies will also provide mechanistic information to facilitate identification of new drug targets for subsequent therapeutic development. In addition to proper experimental design, standard operating procedures for sample acquisition, preprocessing, and storage must be developed. Biological samples typically analyzed in proteomic studies of neurologic diseases include both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent studies have identified individual proteins and/or protein panels from blood plasma and CSF that represent putative biomarkers for ALS, although many of these proteins are not unique to this disease. Continued investigations are required to validate these initial findings and to further pursue the role of these proteins as diagnostic biomarkers or surrogate markers of disease progression. Protein biomarkers specific to ALS will additionally function to evaluate drug efficacy in clinical trials and to identify novel targets for drug design. It is hoped that proteomic technologies will soon integrate the basic biology of ALS with mechanistic disease information to achieve success in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi Kolarcik
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Role of pigment epithelium-derived factor in stem/progenitor cell-associated neovascularization. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:871272. [PMID: 22685380 PMCID: PMC3364713 DOI: 10.1155/2012/871272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was first identified in retinal pigment epithelium cells. It is an endogenously produced protein that is widely expressed throughout the human body such as in the eyes, liver, heart, and adipose tissue; it exhibits multiple and varied biological activities. PEDF is a multifunctional protein with antiangiogenic, antitumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties. More recently, PEDF has been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of stem/progenitor cell-associated neovascularization. Neovascularization is a complex process regulated by a large, interacting network of molecules from stem/progenitor cells. PEDF is also involved in the pathogenesis of angiogenic eye disease, tumor growth, and cardiovascular disease. Novel antiangiogenic agents with tolerable side effects are desired for the treatment of patients with various diseases. Here, we review the value of PEDF as an important endogenous antiangiogenic molecule; we focus on the recently identified role of PEDF as a possible new target molecule to influence stem/progenitor cell-related neovascularization.
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Tarasiuk J, Kułakowska A, Drozdowski W, Kornhuber J, Lewczuk P. CSF markers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:747-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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PEDF and VEGF-A output from human retinal pigment epithelial cells grown on novel microcarriers. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:278932. [PMID: 22547925 PMCID: PMC3323925 DOI: 10.1155/2012/278932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells have been tested as a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease but will require additional study before further clinical trials can be planned. We now show that the long-term survival and neurotrophic potential of hRPE cells can be enhanced by the use of FDA-approved plastic-based microcarriers compared to a gelatin-based microcarrier as used in failed clinical trials. The hRPE cells grown on these plastic-based microcarriers display several important characteristics of hRPE found in vivo: (1) characteristic morphological features, (2) accumulation of melanin pigment, and (3) high levels of production of the neurotrophic factors pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Growth of hRPE cells on plastic-based microcarriers led to sustained levels (>1 ng/ml) of PEDF and VEGF-A in conditioned media for two months. We also show that the expression of VEGF-A and PEDF is reciprocally regulated by activation of the GPR143 pathway. GPR143 is activated by L-DOPA (1 μM) which decreased VEGF-A secretion as opposed to the previously reported increase in PEDF secretion. The hRPE microcarriers are therefore novel candidate delivery systems for achieving long-term delivery of the neuroprotective factors PEDF and VEGF-A, which could have a value in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease.
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Skaper SD. Culture of rat retina pigmented epithelial cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 846:159-66. [PMID: 22367809 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium cells play a key role in maintaining the normal function of retina and can express several neurotrophic factors, which support the neurosensory retina and may also provide trophic signals to the host dopaminergic neurons. The following chapter describes a protocol for the purification and culture of retinal pigmented epithelial cells from postnatal rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Calenda G, Strong TD, Pavlovich CP, Schaeffer EM, Burnett AL, Yu W, Davies KP, Bivalacqua TJ. Whole genome microarray of the major pelvic ganglion after cavernous nerve injury: new insights into molecular profile changes after nerve injury. BJU Int 2012; 109:1552-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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