1
|
Hollenbenders Y, Reichenbach A. P-103 Robustness of electroencephalography biomarkers for major depressive disorder – An exemplary study with alpha bandpower. Clin Neurophysiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
|
2
|
Roaldsen MB, Eltoft A, Wilsgaard T, Christensen H, Engelter ST, Indredavik B, Jatužis D, Karelis G, Kõrv J, Lundström E, Petersson J, Putaala J, Søyland MH, Tveiten A, Bivard A, Johnsen SH, Mazya MV, Werring DJ, Wu TY, De Marchis GM, Robinson TG, Mathiesen EB, Valente M, Chen A, Sharobeam A, Edwards L, Blair C, Christensen L, Ægidius K, Pihl T, Fassel-Larsen C, Wassvik L, Folke M, Rosenbaum S, Gharehbagh SS, Hansen A, Preisler N, Antsov K, Mallene S, Lill M, Herodes M, Vibo R, Rakitin A, Saarinen J, Tiainen M, Tumpula O, Noppari T, Raty S, Sibolt G, Nieminen J, Niederhauser J, Haritoncenko I, Puustinen J, Haula TM, Sipilä J, Viesulaite B, Taroza S, Rastenyte D, Matijosaitis V, Vilionskis A, Masiliunas R, Ekkert A, Chmeliauskas P, Lukosaitis V, Reichenbach A, Moss TT, Nilsen HY, Hammer-Berntzen R, Nordby LM, Weiby TA, Nordengen K, Ihle-Hansen H, Stankiewiecz M, Grotle O, Nes M, Thiemann K, Særvold IM, Fraas M, Størdahl S, Horn JW, Hildrum H, Myrstad C, Tobro H, Tunvold JA, Jacobsen O, Aamodt N, Baisa H, Malmberg VN, Rohweder G, Ellekjær H, Ildstad F, Egstad E, Helleberg BH, Berg HH, Jørgensen J, Tronvik E, Shirzadi M, Solhoff R, Van Lessen R, Vatne A, Forselv K, Frøyshov H, Fjeldstad MS, Tangen L, Matapour S, Kindberg K, Johannessen C, Rist M, Mathisen I, Nyrnes T, Haavik A, Toverud G, Aakvik K, Larsson M, Ytrehus K, Ingebrigtsen S, Stokmo T, Helander C, Larsen IC, Solberg TO, Seljeseth YM, Maini S, Bersås I, Mathé J, Rooth E, Laska AC, Rudberg AS, Esbjörnsson M, Andler F, Ericsson A, Wickberg O, Karlsson JE, Redfors P, Jood K, Buchwald F, Mansson K, Gråhamn O, Sjölin K, Lindvall E, Cidh Å, Tolf A, Fasth O, Hedström B, Fladt J, Dittrich TD, Kriemler L, Hannon N, Amis E, Finlay S, Mitchell-Douglas J, McGee J, Davies R, Johnson V, Nair A, Robinson M, Greig J, Halse O, Wilding P, Mashate S, Chatterjee K, Martin M, Leason S, Roberts J, Dutta D, Ward D, Rayessa R, Clarkson E, Teo J, Ho C, Conway S, Aissa M, Papavasileiou V, Fry S, Waugh D, Britton J, Hassan A, Manning L, Khan S, Asaipillai A, Fornolles C, Tate ML, Chenna S, Anjum T, Karunatilake D, Foot J, VanPelt L, Shetty A, Wilkes G, Buck A, Jackson B, Fleming L, Carpenter M, Jackson L, Needle A, Zahoor T, Duraisami T, Northcott K, Kubie J, Bowring A, Keenan S, Mackle D, England T, Rushton B, Hedstrom A, Amlani S, Evans R, Muddegowda G, Remegoso A, Ferdinand P, Varquez R, Davis M, Elkin E, Seal R, Fawcett M, Gradwell C, Travers C, Atkinson B, Woodward S, Giraldo L, Byers J, Cheripelli B, Lee S, Marigold R, Smith S, Zhang L, Ghatala R, Sim CH, Ghani U, Yates K, Obarey S, Willmot M, Ahlquist K, Bates M, Rashed K, Board S, Andsberg G, Sundayi S, Garside M, Macleod MJ, Manoj A, Hopper O, Cederin B, Toomsoo T, Gross-Paju K, Tapiola T, Kestutis J, Amthor KF, Heermann B, Ottesen V, Melum TA, Kurz M, Parsons M, Valente M, Chen A, Sharobeam A, Edwards L, Blair C. Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in patients with wake-up stroke assessed by non-contrast CT (TWIST): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:117-126. [PMID: 36549308 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence supports the use of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with wake-up stroke selected with MRI or perfusion imaging and is recommended in clinical guidelines. However, access to advanced imaging techniques is often scarce. We aimed to determine whether thrombolytic treatment with intravenous tenecteplase given within 4·5 h of awakening improves functional outcome in patients with ischaemic wake-up stroke selected using non-contrast CT. METHODS TWIST was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment, conducted at 77 hospitals in ten countries. We included patients aged 18 years or older with acute ischaemic stroke symptoms upon awakening, limb weakness, a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 3 or higher or aphasia, a non-contrast CT examination of the head, and the ability to receive tenecteplase within 4·5 h of awakening. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a single intravenous bolus of tenecteplase 0·25 mg per kg of bodyweight (maximum 25 mg) or control (no thrombolysis) using a central, web-based, computer-generated randomisation schedule. Trained research personnel, who conducted telephone interviews at 90 days (follow-up), were masked to treatment allocation. Clinical assessments were performed on day 1 (at baseline) and day 7 of hospital admission (or at discharge, whichever occurred first). The primary outcome was functional outcome assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and analysed using ordinal logistic regression in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with EudraCT (2014-000096-80), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03181360), and ISRCTN (10601890). FINDINGS From June 12, 2017, to Sept 30, 2021, 578 of the required 600 patients were enrolled (288 randomly assigned to the tenecteplase group and 290 to the control group [intention-to-treat population]). The median age of participants was 73·7 years (IQR 65·9-81·1). 332 (57%) of 578 participants were male and 246 (43%) were female. Treatment with tenecteplase was not associated with better functional outcome, according to mRS score at 90 days (adjusted OR 1·18, 95% CI 0·88-1·58; p=0·27). Mortality at 90 days did not significantly differ between treatment groups (28 [10%] patients in the tenecteplase group and 23 [8%] in the control group; adjusted HR 1·29, 95% CI 0·74-2·26; p=0·37). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage occurred in six (2%) patients in the tenecteplase group versus three (1%) in the control group (adjusted OR 2·17, 95% CI 0·53-8·87; p=0·28), whereas any intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (11%) versus 30 (10%) patients (adjusted OR 1·14, 0·67-1·94; p=0·64). INTERPRETATION In patients with wake-up stroke selected with non-contrast CT, treatment with tenecteplase was not associated with better functional outcome at 90 days. The number of symptomatic haemorrhages and any intracranial haemorrhages in both treatment groups was similar to findings from previous trials of wake-up stroke patients selected using advanced imaging. Current evidence does not support treatment with tenecteplase in patients selected with non-contrast CT. FUNDING Norwegian Clinical Research Therapy in the Specialist Health Services Programme, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the British Heart Foundation, and the Norwegian National Association for Public Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda B Roaldsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Agnethe Eltoft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bent Indredavik
- Department of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dalius Jatužis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Center of Neurology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Guntis Karelis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik Lundström
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Petersson
- Department of Neurology, Lund University, Institute for Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary-Helen Søyland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Arnstein Tveiten
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michael V Mazya
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Werring
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Teddy Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Havranek S, Fingrova Z, Skala T, Reichenbach A, Dusik M, Ambroz D, Dytrych V, Jansa P, Klimes D, Wichterle D. Electroanatomic mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation or atrial tachycardia in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Ancillary analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and related atrial tachycardias (ATs) are common arrhythmias in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). They are currently assessed in a multicentre randomized trial investigating extensive radiofrequency catheter ablation of the arrhythmogenic substrate on top of selective ablation of clinical arrhythmia alone.
Purpose
Irrespective of the randomization scheme, we compared clinical and procedural characteristics in patients with AF versus those with right-sided ATs.
Methods
Out of 74 patients with combined post- and pre-capillary or isolated pre-capillary PH, two study subgroups were composed: AF group included 40 patients and AT group included 31 patients: 24 with typical atrial flutter (AFL) and 7 with other right-sided ATs (2 upper loop reentry ATs, 2 focal ATs from coronary sinus ostium, 1 focal AT from terminal crest, and 2 polymorphic ATs from high right atrium). Three patients with inducible AV nodal reentrant tachycardia were excluded from this analysis. Biatrial electroanatomic mapping was performed in all patients. The data are presented as medians (interquartile range) and compared by the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
The clinical and procedural characteristics of AF and AT groups are shown in Table. Cycle length (CL) of both induced and spontaneous AFL was 302 (267; 324) ms. Non-CTI-dependent ATs had CL 425 (350; 480) ms. In patients with AF, the dominant CL was 183 (152; 221) and 191 (154; 210) ms in right and left atrial appendage, respectively. In the whole cohort, pulmonary vein isolation was done in 49 (66%), left atrial substrate ablated in 23 (31%), cavotricuspid isthmus block achieved in 46 (62%), superior vena cava isolation completed in 28 (39%), intercaval line ablated in 26 (36%), and right atrial substrate or focal activity ablated in 8 (11%) cases. The procedure was technically successful in 72 (97%) patients.
Conclusion
Patients with right-sided ATs had expectedly more dilated right atrium. This was not, however, associated with a higher prevalence of right atrial low-voltage areas. Left atrial electroanatomic remodelling in AF patients was concordant with that frequently observed in non-PH patients with AF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Havranek
- General Teaching Hospital , Prague , Czechia
| | - Z Fingrova
- General Teaching Hospital , Prague , Czechia
| | - T Skala
- University Hospital Olomouc, First Deparment of Internal Medicine - Cardiology , Olomouc , Czechia
| | - A Reichenbach
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology Department , Prague , Czechia
| | - M Dusik
- General Teaching Hospital , Prague , Czechia
| | - D Ambroz
- General Teaching Hospital , Prague , Czechia
| | - V Dytrych
- General Teaching Hospital , Prague , Czechia
| | - P Jansa
- General Teaching Hospital , Prague , Czechia
| | - D Klimes
- University Hospital Olomouc, First Deparment of Internal Medicine - Cardiology , Olomouc , Czechia
| | - D Wichterle
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology Department , Prague , Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melenovsky V, Monzo L, Benes J, Reichenbach A, Solar N, Tupy M, Jenca D, Tykvartova T, Miklovic M, Al Hiti H, Ters J, Kautzner J. Determinants of impaired coupling of right ventricle to hemodynamic load in advanced HFrEF. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The mechanisms and consequnces of impaired right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and impaired RV-pulmonary artery (PA) coupling in advanced heart failure (HF) poorely understood.
Purpose
To compare RV-PA coupling parameters in patients with advanced HFrEF, PAH and in controls to ellucidate determinants and prognostic impact of RV-PA uncoupling in HFrEF.
Methods
260 pacients with advanced HF (NYHA 3.0±0.5, 40% CAD, LVEF: 23±10%, 87% males, BMI: 28±4.5 kg/m2, BNP: 1238±982 pg/ml), 39 controls and 21 PAH patients underwent lab tests, ecocardiography, right heart catheterisation and equilibrium gated blood pool SPECT to precisely measure cardiac volumes. RV End-systolic elastance (Ees) and Effective arterial elastance (Ea) were calculated by single beat method. Patients were longitudinally followed for occurrence of adverse outcome (urgent Tx, LVAD or death without Tx/LVAD).
Results
PAH patients had higher PA pressures and more dilated RV than HFrEF and controls. Despite of that, RV-PA coupling, reflected by Ees/Ea ratio, was more profoundly reduced in HFrEF than in PAH (Figure). While RV contractility (Ees) was augmented by increased afterload in PAH, such augmentation was absent in HFrEF. At follow-up (median 258; 53–763 days), 69% of HFrEF subjects experienced adverse event (17% death, 24% urgent HTx, 28% LVAD). In HFrEF, RV-PA coupling was strongly predictive od adverse outcome, more than RV EF%, RV EDV or RV Ees. The strongest predictors of reduced RV Ees/Ea ratio in HFrEF were in descending order: RV EF, RV EDV, PA systolic/systemic systolic pressure ratio (PAs/SBP), PAWP, heart rate, PA compliance, RA mean pressure, PA mean pressure, BNP level, SBP, PAs, Tri Reg grade, Non-CAD etiology of HF, Mi Reg grade, PVR, RV dyssynchrony, absence of ACEi/ARB/S-V (GLM model, all p<0.001). RV Ees/Ea ratio correlated with PAs/SBP ratio, that reflects systolic ventricular interdependence. Invasive PAs/SBP predicted outcome and closely correlated with non-invasive estimation of PAs/SBP.
Conclusion
Despite having less PH and smaller RV, RV coupling is more impaired in HFrEF than in PAH due to absence of RV contractility enhancement. Higher RV volume, heart rate, tricuspid regurgitation, lower PA compliance, higher PAWP and systolic ventricular interdependence (PAs/SBP) are main determinants of RV PA decoupling in HFrEF. Elevated PA systolic pressure but low systemic BP (high PAs/SBP ratio) is associated with poor RV-PA coupling and prognosis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): AZV NU20-02-00052, AZV NU21-02-00402
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Melenovsky
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - L Monzo
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - J Benes
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - A Reichenbach
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - N Solar
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - M Tupy
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - D Jenca
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - T Tykvartova
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - M Miklovic
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - H Al Hiti
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - J Ters
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| | - J Kautzner
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine , Prague , Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Charbonnel C, Neuville P, Paparel P, Reichenbach A, Ruffion R. Feasibility of EXIME® temporary prosthesis placement and removal in men with acute or chronic urinary retention after failure or inability to selfcatheterize. Prog Urol 2022; 32:717-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Reichenbach A, Morel-Journel N, Carnicelli D, Neuville P. Orchidectomie gauche et curage inguinal et iliaque après 3 cures de BEP pour une tumeur germinale séminomateuse du testicule. Prog Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Urban I, Uwurukundo X, Stumpf D, Frey K, Reichenbach A, Francke M, Brüning R, Brunner R. Amphibious vision - Optical design model of the hooded merganser eye. Vision Res 2020; 175:75-84. [PMID: 32736228 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive schematic eye model of the hooded merganser is introduced for the first time to advance the understanding of amphibious vision. It is comprised of two different configurations, the first one modeling its visual system in air (unaccommodated state) and the second one representing the case where the eye is immersed in water (accommodated state). The model was designed using available data of former studies, image analysis and the implementation of feasible assumptions that serve as starting values. An optimization process incorporating an optical design program is used to vary the starting values with the aim of finding the setup offering the best acuity. The image quality was measured using the root-mean-square radius of the focal spot formed on the retina. The resulting schematic eye model comprises all relevant optical specifications, including aspherical geometrical parameters for cornea and lens, distances between the surfaces, the gradient index distribution of the lens, the retinal specifications and the object distance in both media. It achieves a spot radius of 4.20 μm for the unaccommodated state, which meets the expectations derived by the mean ganglion cell density and comparison with other animals. In contrast, under water the determined spot radius of 11.48 µm indicates an acuity loss. As well as enhancing our understanding of the vision of the hooded merganser, the schematic eye model may also serve as a simulation basis for examing similar animal eyes, such as the cormorant or other fish hunting birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Urban
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.
| | - Xavier Uwurukundo
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.
| | - Daniela Stumpf
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.
| | - Katharina Frey
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Robert Brüning
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Jena, Germany.
| | - Robert Brunner
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Juncheed K, Kohlstrunk B, Friebe S, Dallacasagrande V, Maurer P, Reichenbach A, Mayr SG, Zink M. Employing Nanostructured Scaffolds to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Adult Mammalian Retinae Under Tension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113889. [PMID: 32485972 PMCID: PMC7313470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous eye diseases are linked to biomechanical dysfunction of the retina. However, the underlying forces are almost impossible to quantify experimentally. Here, we show how biomechanical properties of adult neuronal tissues such as porcine retinae can be investigated under tension in a home-built tissue stretcher composed of nanostructured TiO2 scaffolds coupled to a self-designed force sensor. The employed TiO2 nanotube scaffolds allow for organotypic long-term preservation of adult tissues ex vivo and support strong tissue adhesion without the application of glues, a prerequisite for tissue investigations under tension. In combination with finite element calculations we found that the deformation behavior is highly dependent on the displacement rate which results in Young’s moduli of (760–1270) Pa. Image analysis revealed that the elastic regime is characterized by a reversible shear deformation of retinal layers. For larger deformations, tissue destruction and sliding of retinal layers occurred with an equilibration between slip and stick at the interface of ruptured layers, resulting in a constant force during stretching. Since our study demonstrates how porcine eyes collected from slaughterhouses can be employed for ex vivo experiments, our study also offers new perspectives to investigate tissue biomechanics without excessive animal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kantida Juncheed
- Soft Matter Physics Division and Biotechnology & Biomedical Group, Peter-Debye-Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.J.); (B.K.); (V.D.)
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Bernd Kohlstrunk
- Soft Matter Physics Division and Biotechnology & Biomedical Group, Peter-Debye-Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.J.); (B.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Sabrina Friebe
- Division of Surface Physics, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University and Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.F.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Valentina Dallacasagrande
- Soft Matter Physics Division and Biotechnology & Biomedical Group, Peter-Debye-Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.J.); (B.K.); (V.D.)
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Patric Maurer
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Augustusplatz 10, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Stefan G. Mayr
- Division of Surface Physics, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University and Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.F.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Mareike Zink
- Soft Matter Physics Division and Biotechnology & Biomedical Group, Peter-Debye-Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.J.); (B.K.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(341)-9732573; Fax: +49-(341)-9732479
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia, astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to photoreceptors and neurons required for neuronal activity. The fovea, the site of the sharpest vision which is astrocyte- and microglia-free, contains two populations of Müller glia: cells which form the Müller cell cone in the foveola and z-shaped Müller cells of the foveal walls. Both populations are characterized by morphological and functional differences. Müller cells of the foveola do not support the activity of photoreceptors and neurons, but provide the structural stability of the foveal tissue and improve the light transmission through the tissue to the photoreceptors. This article gives overviews of the glia of the human retina and the structure and function of both Müller cell types in the fovea, and describes the contributions of astrocytes and Müller cells to the ontogenetic development of the fovea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Melenovsky V, Tupy M, Solar N, Al-Hiti H, Reichenbach A, Havlenova T, Monzo L, Netuka I, Kautzner J. P4508Uncoupling of right ventricular and arterial elastance in advanced HFrEF predicts poor survival. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in heart failure (HF) is poorely understood and difficult to recognize due to complex RV geometry and load-dependency. Pressure volume analysis using SPECT ventriculography combined with right heart catheterisation (RHC) ar rest and during load-altering maneuver (7 min 60° leg rise, LR) can improve detection of RVD.
Methods
Advanced HF patients underwent RHC with thermodilution CO measurement (Corodyne, Braun, Germany) followed by gated 3D equilibrium Tc-labeled blood pool SPECT ventriculography (D-SPECT, Israel). QBS software was used to calculate chamber volumes to derive contractility (EF, elastance: Ees) and afterload (Ea). Patients were followed for occurence of death without Tx, urgent Tx or VAD implant.
Results
From 157 patients (age 55±12 years, LV EF 22±12%, 86% males), 83% had PH (mPA>25 mmHg) and 58% had RVD (RV EF <35%). Despite afterload (PAm, Ea) correlated with RV function (RVEF, RV Ees), it explained <10% of its variance; at rest or during LR. Leg rise led to significant (p<0.01) increases of RVEDP, PAWP, mPA (+2, +3, +4 mmHg), to increases of RVEDV, RVESV (+18 and +9 ml), but to reductions of LVEDV and LVESV (−14 and −9 ml) and to no change of RV or LV EF, CO, HR. LR inreased RV afterload (Ea), had no change on RV contractility but it further reduced RV-PA coupling (Ees/Ea). With LR, 70% of patients had relative increase in RV diastolic volume compared to LV (REDV/LVEDV ratio), reflecting RV diastolic reserve. After median of 112 (IQR: 33–229) days, 73 pts (46%) had an event (urgent Tx, VAD or death). In Cox analysis, both RVD and PH were associated with adverse outcome. From all volume- and pressure-derived measures acquired at rest and during LR, low resting RV coupling ratio (Ees/Ea) had strongest association with events (Z-standartized RR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.6, p<0.0001). Patients with larger relative increase in RV volume during LR (larger RV diastolic reserve) had better outcome.
Conclusion
Pressure-volume analysis of RV function provides more precise characterization of RV-PA coupling and allows better event-free survival prediction than isolated volumetric or hemodynamic indexes. Low resting RV Ees/Ea ratio (< median 0.324) predicts particularly poor survival.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Ministry of Health of the Czech republic, grant AZV 17-28784A
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Melenovsky
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - M Tupy
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - N Solar
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - H Al-Hiti
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - A Reichenbach
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - T Havlenova
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - L Monzo
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - I Netuka
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - J Kautzner
- Institute for clinical and experimental medicine, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lindenau W, Kuhrt H, Ulbricht E, Körner K, Bringmann A, Reichenbach A. Cone-to-Müller cell ratio in the mammalian retina: A survey of seven mammals with different lifestyle. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:38-48. [PMID: 30641045 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian retinal glial (Müller) cells are known to guide light through the inner retina to photoreceptors (Franze et al., 2007; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:8287-8292). It was shown that Müller cells transmit predominantly red-green and less violet-blue light (Labin et al., 2014; Nat Commun 5:4319). It is not known whether this optical function is reflected in the cone-to-Müller cell ratio. To determine this ratio in the retinas of mammals with different lifestyle, we evaluated the local densities of cones and Müller cells in the retinas of guinea pigs, rabbits, sheep, red deer, roe deer, domestic pigs, and wild boars. Retinal wholemounts were labeled with peanut agglutinin to mark cones and anti-vimentin antibodies to identify Müller cells. Wholemounts of guinea pig and rabbit retinas were also labeled with anti-S-opsin-antibodies. With the exceptions of guinea pig and pig retinas that had cone-to-Müller cell ratios of above one, the local densities of cones and Müller cells in the retinas of the species investigated were roughly equal. Because the proportion of S-cones is usually low (for example, 5.3% of all cones in the dorsal guinea pig retina expressed S-opsin), it is suggested that Müller cells are mainly coupled to M-cones. Exceptions are the ventral peripheries of guinea pig and rabbit retinas which are specialized areas with high S-cone densities. Here, up to 50% of Müller cells may be coupled to S-cones, and 40% of S-cones may be not coupled to Müller cells. Among the species investigated, the density of Müller cells in the central retina was inversely correlated with the axial length of the eyes. It is suggested that (with the exception of specialized S-cone areas) Müller cells support high acuity vision by predominant guidance of red-green light to M-opsin expressing cones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Lindenau
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elke Ulbricht
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Körner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Claus I, Frey K, Hönle T, Brüning R, Reichenbach A, Francke M, Brunner R. Comprehensive optical design model of the goldfish eye and quantitative simulation of the consequences on the accommodation mechanism. Vision Res 2018; 154:115-121. [PMID: 30476501 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To further extent our understanding of aquatic vision, we introduce a complete optical model of a goldfish eye, which comprises all important optical parameters for the first time. Especially a spherical gradient index structure for the crystalline lens was included, thus allowing a detailed analysis of image quality, regarding spot size, and wavelength dependent aberration. The simulation results show, that our realistic eye model generates a sufficient image quality, with a spot radius of 4.9 μm which is below the inter cone distance of 5.5 μm. Furthermore, we optically simulate potential mechanical processes of accommodation and compare the results with contradictory findings of previous experimental studies. The quantitative simulation of the accommodation capacity shows that the depth of field is strongly dependent on the resting position and becomes significantly smaller when shorter resting positions are assumed. That means, to enable an extended depth perception with high acuity for the goldfish an adaptive, lens shifting mechanism would be required. In addition, our model allows a clear prediction of the expected axial lens-shift, which is necessary to ensure a sufficient resolution over a large object range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Claus
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.
| | - Katharina Frey
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hönle
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Jena, Germany.
| | - Robert Brüning
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Germany; Saxonian Incubator of Clinical Translation (SIKT), University Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Robert Brunner
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roski C, Langrock C, Körber N, Habermann G, Buse E, Reichenbach A, Pannicke T, Francke M. Comparison of cellular localisation of the Ca2+
-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin in the retina of four different Macaca
species. Anat Histol Embryol 2018; 47:573-582. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roski
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung; Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Christiane Langrock
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung; Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Nicole Körber
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung; Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Sächsischer Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT); Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung; Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung; Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung; Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Sächsischer Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT); Universität Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mack AF, Künzle H, Lange M, Mages B, Reichenbach A, Härtig W. Radial glial elements in the cerebral cortex of the lesser hedgehog tenrec. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3909-3917. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Karl A, Agte S, Zayas-Santiago A, Makarov FN, Rivera Y, Benedikt J, Francke M, Reichenbach A, Skatchkov SN, Bringmann A. Retinal adaptation to dim light vision in spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus fuscus): Analysis of retinal ultrastructure. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:160-178. [PMID: 29753728 PMCID: PMC9930524 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that mammalian retinal glial (Müller) cells act as living optical fibers that guide the light through the retinal tissue to the photoreceptor cells (Agte et al., 2011; Franze et al., 2007). However, for nonmammalian species it is unclear whether Müller cells also improve the transretinal light transmission. Furthermore, for nonmammalian species there is a lack of ultrastructural data of the retinal cells, which, in general, delivers fundamental information of the retinal function, i.e. the vision of the species. A detailed study of the cellular ultrastructure provides a basic approach of the research. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the retina of the spectacled caimans at electron and light microscopical levels to describe the structural features. For electron microscopy, we used a superfast microwave fixation procedure in order to achieve more precise ultrastructural information than common fixation techniques. As result, our detailed ultrastructural study of all retinal parts shows structural features which strongly indicate that the caiman retina is adapted to dim light and night vision. Various structural characteristics of Müller cells suppose that the Müller cell may increase the light intensity along the path of light through the neuroretina and, thus, increase the sensitivity of the scotopic vision of spectacled caimans. Müller cells traverse the whole thickness of the neuroretina and thus may guide the light from the inner retinal surface to the photoreceptor cell perikarya and the Müller cell microvilli between the photoreceptor segments. Thick Müller cell trunks/processes traverse the layers which contain light-scattering structures, i.e., nerve fibers and synapses. Large Müller cell somata run through the inner nuclear layer and contain flattened, elongated Müller cell nuclei which are arranged along the light path and, thus, may reduce the loss of the light intensity along the retinal light path. The oblique arrangement of many Müller cell trunks/processes in the inner plexiform layer and the large Müller cell somata in the inner nuclear layer may suggest that light guidance through Müller cells increases the visual sensitivity. Furthermore, an adaptation of the caiman retina to low light levels is strongly supported by detailed ultrastructural data of other retinal parts, e.g. by (i) the presence of a guanine-based retinal tapetum, (ii) the rod dominance of the retina, (iii) the presence of photoreceptor cell nuclei, which penetrate the outer limiting membrane, (iv) the relatively low densities of photoreceptor and neuronal cells which is compensated by (v) the presence of rods with long and thick outer segments, that may increase the probability of photon absorption. According to a cell number analysis, the central and temporal areas of the dorsal tapetal retina, which supports downward prey detection in darker water, are the sites of the highest diurnal contrast/color vision, i.e. cone vision and of the highest retinal light sensitivity, i.e. rod vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anett Karl
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Silke Agte
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Felix N Makarov
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yomarie Rivera
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Jan Benedikt
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Serguei N Skatchkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA; Department of Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Agte S, Savvinov A, Karl A, Zayas-Santiago A, Ulbricht E, Makarov VI, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A, Skatchkov SN. Müller glial cells contribute to dim light vision in the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus): Analysis of retinal light transmission. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:91-108. [PMID: 29763583 PMCID: PMC9930533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show the capability of Müller glial cells to transport light through the inverted retina of reptiles, specifically the retina of the spectacled caimans. Thus, confirming that Müller cells of lower vertebrates also improve retinal light transmission. Confocal imaging of freshly isolated retinal wholemounts, that preserved the refractive index landscape of the tissue, indicated that the retina of the spectacled caiman is adapted for vision under dim light conditions. For light transmission experiments, we used a setup with two axially aligned objectives imaging the retina from both sides to project the light onto the inner (vitreal) surface and to detect the transmitted light behind the retina at the receptor layer. Simultaneously, a confocal microscope obtained images of the Müller cells embedded within the vital tissue. Projections of light onto several representative Müller cell trunks within the inner plexiform layer, i.e. (i) trunks with a straight orientation, (ii) trunks which are formed by the inner processes and (iii) trunks which get split into inner processes, were associated with increases in the intensity of the transmitted light. Projections of light onto the periphery of the Müller cell endfeet resulted in a lower intensity of transmitted light. In this way, retinal glial (Müller) cells support dim light vision by improving the signal-to-noise ratio which increases the sensitivity to light. The field of illuminated photoreceptors mainly include rods reflecting the rod dominance of the of tissue. A subpopulation of Müller cells with downstreaming cone cells led to a high-intensity illumination of the cones, while the surrounding rods were illuminated by light of lower intensity. Therefore, Müller cells that lie in front of cones may adapt the intensity of the transmitted light to the different sensitivities of cones and rods, presumably allowing a simultaneous vision with both receptor types under dim light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Agte
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexey Savvinov
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Anett Karl
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Elke Ulbricht
- Biotechnology Center, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir I. Makarov
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bringmann A, Syrbe S, Görner K, Kacza J, Francke M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A. The primate fovea: Structure, function and development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 66:49-84. [PMID: 29609042 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A fovea is a pitted invagination in the inner retinal tissue (fovea interna) that overlies an area of photoreceptors specialized for high acuity vision (fovea externa). Although the shape of the vertebrate fovea varies considerably among the species, there are two basic types. The retina of many predatory fish, reptilians, and birds possess one (or two) convexiclivate fovea(s), while the retina of higher primates contains a concaviclivate fovea. By refraction of the incoming light, the convexiclivate fovea may function as image enlarger, focus indicator, and movement detector. By centrifugal displacement of the inner retinal layers, which increases the transparency of the central foveal tissue (the foveola), the primate fovea interna improves the quality of the image received by the central photoreceptors. In this review, we summarize ‒ with the focus on Müller cells of the human and macaque fovea ‒ data regarding the structure of the primate fovea, discuss various aspects of the optical function of the fovea, and propose a model of foveal development. The "Müller cell cone" of the foveola comprises specialized Müller cells which do not support neuronal activity but may serve optical and structural functions. In addition to the "Müller cell cone", structural stabilization of the foveal morphology may be provided by the 'z-shaped' Müller cells of the fovea walls, via exerting tractional forces onto Henle fibers. The spatial distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein may suggest that the foveola and the Henle fiber layer are subjects to mechanical stress. During development, the foveal pit is proposed to be formed by a vertical contraction of the centralmost Müller cells. After widening of the foveal pit likely mediated by retracting astrocytes, Henle fibers are formed by horizontal contraction of Müller cell processes in the outer plexiform layer and the centripetal displacement of photoreceptors. A better understanding of the molecular, cellular, and mechanical factors involved in the developmental morphogenesis and the structural stabilization of the fovea may help to explain the (patho-) genesis of foveal hypoplasia and macular holes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Görner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Kacza
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Helm C, Karl A, Beckers P, Kaul-Strehlow S, Ulbricht E, Kourtesis I, Kuhrt H, Hausen H, Bartolomaeus T, Reichenbach A, Bleidorn C. Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0743. [PMID: 28724733 PMCID: PMC5543218 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilaterians usually possess a central nervous system, composed of neurons and supportive cells called glial cells. Whereas neuronal cells are highly comparable in all these animals, glial cells apparently differ, and in deuterostomes, radial glial cells are found. These particular secretory glial cells may represent the archetype of all (macro) glial cells and have not been reported from protostomes so far. This has caused controversial discussions of whether glial cells represent a homologous bilaterian characteristic or whether they (and thus, centralized nervous systems) evolved convergently in the two main clades of bilaterians. By using histology, transmission electron microscopy, immunolabelling and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we show here that protostomes also possess radial glia-like cells, which are very likely to be homologous to those of deuterostomes. Moreover, our antibody staining indicates that the secretory character of radial glial cells is maintained throughout their various evolutionary adaptations. This implies an early evolution of radial glial cells in the last common ancestor of Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Furthermore, it suggests that an intraepidermal nervous system—composed of sensory cells, neurons and radial glial cells—was probably the plesiomorphic condition in the bilaterian ancestor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Helm
- Sars International Center for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anett Karl
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Beckers
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Elke Ulbricht
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtesis
- Sars International Center for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Hausen
- Sars International Center for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Bartolomaeus
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Bleidorn
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pannicke T, Wagner L, Reichenbach A, Grosche A. Electrophysiological characterization of Müller cells from the ischemic retina of mice deficient in the leukemia inhibitory factor. Neurosci Lett 2018; 670:69-74. [PMID: 29391217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine that exerts different effects in the nervous system. It is involved in neuronal injuries and diseases and is assumed to be neuroprotective and to regulate reactive gliosis. In LIF-deficient (LIF-/-) mice, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in retinal Müller glial cells as a hallmark of reactive gliosis is suppressed during retinal degenerations. Here, we detected expression of LIF and its receptors in Müller cells of the murine retina. Moreover, electrophysiological alterations of Müller cells 7 days after transient retinal ischemia were studied by the patch-clamp technique. The amplitude of inward currents in Müller cells from the postischemic retina was reduced to 51% in wild type and to 70% in LIF-/- mice. This demonstrates that decrease of inward currents takes place in reactive Müller cells even in the absence of LIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pannicke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lysann Wagner
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Syrbe S, Kuhrt H, Gärtner U, Habermann G, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Reichenbach A. Müller glial cells of the primate foveola: An electron microscopical study. Exp Eye Res 2017; 167:110-117. [PMID: 29242027 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the ultrastructure of the primate foveola suggested the presence of an inverted cone-like structure which is formed by 25-35 specialized Müller cells overlying the area of high photoreceptor density. We investigated the ultrastructure of the Müller cells in the foveola of a human and macaque retina. Sections through the posterior poles of an eye of a 40 years-old human donor and an eye of an adult cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. The foveola consisted of an inner layer (thickness, 5.5-12 μm) which mainly contained somata (including nuclei) and inner processes of Müller cells; this layer overlaid the central Henle fibers and outer nuclear layer. The inner layer contained numerous watery cysts and thin lamelliform and tubular Müller cell processes which spread along the inner limiting membrane (ILM). The cytoplasm of the outer Müller cell processes became increasingly dispersed and electron-lucent in the course towards the outer limiting membrane. The ILM of the foveola was formed by a very thin basal lamina (thickness, <40 nm) while the basal lamina of the parafovea was thick (0.9-1 μm). The data show that there are various conspicuous features of foveolar Müller cells. The numerous thin Müller cell processes below the ILM may smooth the inner surface of the foveola (to minimize image distortion resulting from varying light refraction angles at an uneven retinal surface), create additional barriers to the vitreous cavity (compensating the thinness of the ILM), and provide mechanical stability to the tissue. The decreasing density of the outer process cytoplasm may support the optical function of the foveola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Syrbe
- Center for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division for Neuropaediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eichler W, Savković-Cvijić H, Bürger S, Beck M, Schmidt M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Unterlauft JD. Müller Cell-Derived PEDF Mediates Neuroprotection via STAT3 Activation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 44:1411-1424. [PMID: 29186716 DOI: 10.1159/000485537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/ Aims: This study was performed to reveal signaling pathways exploited by pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) derived from retinal (glial) Müller cells to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from cell death. METHODS The survival of RGCs was determined in the presence of conditioned culture media (MCM) from or in co-cultures with Müller cells. The significance of PEDF-induced STAT3 activation was evaluated in viability assays and using Western blotting analyses and siRNA-transfected cells. RESULTS Secreted mediators of Müller cells increased survival of RGCs under normoxia or hypoxia to a similar degree as of PEDF- or IL-6-exposed cells. PEDF and MCM induced an increased STAT3 activation in RGCs and R28 cells, and neutralization of PEDF in MCM attenuated STAT3 activation. Inhibition of STAT3 reduced PEDF-promoted survival of RGCs. Similar to IL-6, PEDF induced STAT3 activation, acting in a dose-dependent manner via the PEDF receptor (PEDF-R) encoded by the PNPLA2 gene. Ablation of PEDF-R attenuated MCM-induced STAT3 activation and compromised the viability of PEDF-exposed R28 cells. CONCLUSIONS Müller cells are an important source of PEDF, which promotes RGC survival through STAT3 activation and, at least in part, via PEDF-R. Enhancing the secretory function of Müller cells may be useful to promote RGC survival in retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Bürger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mike Beck
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Glia, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Müller glia, the principal macroglia of the retina, express diverse subtypes of adenosine and metabotropic purinergic (P2Y) receptors. Müller cells of several species, including man, also express ionotropic P2X7 receptors. ATP is liberated from Müller cells after activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors and during osmotic and mechanical induction of membrane stretch; adenosine is released through equilibrative nucleoside transporters. Müller cell-derived purines modulate the neuronal activity and have autocrine effects, for example, induction of glial calcium waves and regulation of the cellular volume. Glial calcium waves induced by neuron-derived ATP mediate functional hyperemia in the retina. Purinergic signaling contributes to the induction of Müller cell gliosis, for example, of cellular proliferation and downregulation of potassium channels, which are important for the homeostatic functions of Müller cells. Purinergic glial calcium waves may also promote the long-range propagation of gliosis and neuronal degeneration across the retinal tissue. The osmotic ATP release is inhibited under pathological conditions. Inhibition of the ATP release may result in osmotic Müller cell swelling and dysregulation of the water transport through the cells; both may contribute to the development of retinal edema. Suppression of the osmotic ATP release and upregulation of the ecto-apyrase (NTPDase1), which facilitate the extracellular degradation of ATP and the formation of adenosine, may protect neurons and photoreceptors from death due to overactivation of P2X receptors. Pharmacological inhibition of P2X7 receptors and stimulation of adenosine receptors may represent clinical approaches to prevent retinal cell death and dysregulated cell proliferation, and to treat retinal edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reichenbach
- 1 Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Krueger M, Härtig W, Frydrychowicz C, Mueller WC, Reichenbach A, Bechmann I, Michalski D. Stroke-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown along the vascular tree - No preferential affection of arteries in different animal models and in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2539-2554. [PMID: 27683449 PMCID: PMC5531350 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16670922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown promotes complications like cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation, especially in association with therapeutical recanalization of occluded vessels. As arteries, capillaries and veins display distinct functional and morphological characteristics, we here investigated patterns of blood-brain barrier breakdown for each segment of the vascular tree in rodent models of embolic, permanent, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, added by analyses of human stroke tissue. Twenty-four hours after ischemia induction, loss of blood-brain barrier function towards FITC-albumin was equally observed for arteries, capillaries, and veins in rodent brains. Noteworthy, veins showed highest ratios of leaky vessels, whereas capillaries exhibited the most and arteries the least widespread perivascular tracer extravasation. In contrast, human autoptic stroke tissue exhibited pronounced extravasations of albumin around arteries and veins, while the pericapillary immunoreactivity appeared only faint. Although electron microscopy revealed comparable alterations of the arterial and capillary endothelium throughout the applied animal models, structural loss of arterial smooth muscle cells was only observed in the translationally relevant model of embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion. In light of the so far available concepts of stroke treatment, the consideration of a differential vascular pathophysiology along the cerebral vasculature is likely to allow development of novel effective treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krueger
- 1 Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- 2 Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clara Frydrychowicz
- 3 Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf C Mueller
- 3 Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- 2 Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- 1 Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kuhrt H, Bringmann A, Härtig W, Wibbelt G, Peichl L, Reichenbach A. The Retina of Asian and African Elephants: Comparison of Newborn and Adult. Brain Behav Evol 2017; 89:84-103. [PMID: 28437785 DOI: 10.1159/000464097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Elephants are precocial mammals that are relatively mature as newborns and mobile shortly after birth. To determine whether the retina of newborn elephants is capable of supporting the mobility of elephant calves, we compared the retinal structures of 2 newborn elephants (1 African and 1 Asian) and 2 adult animals of both species by immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. For the first time, we present here a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative characterization of the cellular composition of the newborn and the adult retinas of 2 elephant species. We found that the retina of elephants is relatively mature at birth. All retinal layers were well discernible, and various retinal cell types were detected in the newborns, including Müller glial cells (expressing glutamine synthetase and cellular retinal binding protein; CRALBP), cone photoreceptors (expressing S-opsin or M/L-opsin), protein kinase Cα-expressing bipolar cells, tyrosine hydroxylase-, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-, calbindin-, and calretinin-expressing amacrine cells, and calbindin-expressing horizontal cells. The retina of newborn elephants contains discrete horizontal cells which coexpress ChAT, calbindin, and calretinin. While the overall structure of the retina is very similar between newborn and adult elephants, various parameters change after birth. The postnatal thickening of the retinal ganglion cell axons and the increase in ganglion cell soma size are explained by the increase in body size after birth, and the decreases in the densities of neuronal and glial cells are explained by the postnatal expansion of the retinal surface area. The expression of glutamine synthetase and CRALBP in the Müller cells of newborn elephants suggests that the cells are already capable of supporting the activities of photoreceptors and neurons. As a peculiarity, the elephant retina contains both normally located and displaced giant ganglion cells, with single cells reaching a diameter of more than 50 µm in adults and therefore being almost in the range of giant retinal ganglion cells found in aquatic mammals. Some of these ganglion cells are displaced into the inner nuclear layer, a unique feature of terrestrial mammals. For the first time, we describe here the occurrence of many bistratified rod bipolar cells in the elephant retina. These bistratified bipolar cells may improve nocturnal contrast perception in elephants given their arrhythmic lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Kuhrt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pannicke T, Ivo Chao T, Reisenhofer M, Francke M, Reichenbach A. Comparative electrophysiology of retinal Müller glial cells-A survey on vertebrate species. Glia 2016; 65:533-568. [PMID: 27767232 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells are the dominant macroglial cells in the retina of all vertebrates. They fulfill a variety of functions important for retinal physiology, among them spatial buffering of K+ ions and uptake of glutamate and other neurotransmitters. To this end, Müller cells express inwardly rectifying K+ channels and electrogenic glutamate transporters. Moreover, a lot of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, aquaporin water channels, and electrogenic transporters are expressed in Müller cells, some of them in a species-specific manner. For example, voltage-dependent Na+ channels are found exclusively in some but not all mammalian species. Whereas a lot of data exist from amphibians and mammals, the results from other vertebrates are sparse. It is the aim of this review to present a survey on Müller cell electrophysiology covering all classes of vertebrates. The focus is on functional studies, mainly performed using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. However, data about the expression of membrane channels and transporters from immunohistochemistry are also included. Possible functional roles of membrane channels and transporters are discussed. Obviously, electrophysiological properties involved in the main functions of Müller cells developed early in vertebrate evolution. GLIA 2017;65:533-568.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pannicke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Ivo Chao
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Reisenhofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mike Francke
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany
- Sächsischer Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT), Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut für Hirnforschung, Abteilung Pathophysiologie der Neuroglia, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Agte S, Pannicke T, Ulbricht E, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Two different mechanosensitive calcium responses in Müller glial cells of the guinea pig retina: Differential dependence on purinergic receptor signaling. Glia 2016; 65:62-74. [PMID: 27706854 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tractional forces or mechanical stimulation are known to induce calcium responses in retinal glial cells. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of calcium responses in Müller glial cells of the avascular guinea pig retina induced by focal mechanical stimulation. Freshly isolated retinal wholemounts were loaded with Mitotracker Deep Red (to fill Müller cells) and the calcium-sensitive dye Fluo-4/AM. The inner retinal surface was mechanically stimulated with a micropipette tip for 10 ms. Stimulation induced two different cytosolic calcium responses in Müller cells with different kinetics in dependence on the distance from the stimulation site. Müller cells near the stimulation site displayed an immediate and long-lasting calcium response with high amplitude. This response was mediated by calcium influx from the extracellular space likely triggered by activation of ATP-insensitive P2 receptors. More distant Müller cells displayed, with a delay of 2.4 s, transient calcium responses which propagated laterally in a wave-like fashion. Propagating calcium waves were induced by a calcium-independent release of ATP from Müller cells near the stimulation site, and were mediated by a release of calcium from internal stores triggered by ATP, acting in part at P2Y1 receptors. The data suggest that mechanically stimulated Müller cells of the guinea pig retina release ATP which induces a propagating calcium wave in surrounding Müller cells. Propagating calcium waves may be implicated in the spatial regulation of the neuronal activity and homeostatic glial functions, and may transmit gliosis-inducing signals across the retina. Mechanical stimulation of guinea pig Müller cells induces two calcium responses: an immediate response around the stimulation site and propagating calcium waves. Both responses are differentially mediated by activation of purinergic receptors. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2017;65:62-74.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Agte
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elke Ulbricht
- Department of Cellular Machines, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mayazur Rahman S, Reichenbach A, Zink M, Mayr SG. Mechanical spectroscopy of retina explants at the protein level employing nanostructured scaffolds. Soft Matter 2016; 12:3431-3441. [PMID: 26947970 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00293e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of neuronal tissue, such as folding of the brain, and formation of the fovea centralis in the human retina are intimately connected with the mechanical properties of the underlying cells and the extracellular matrix. In particular for neuronal tissue as complex as the vertebrate retina, mechanical properties are still a matter of debate due to their relation to numerous diseases as well as surgery, where the tension of the retina can result in tissue detachment during cutting. However, measuring the elasticity of adult retina wholemounts is difficult and until now only the mechanical properties at the surface have been characterized with micrometer resolution. Many processes, however, such as pathological changes prone to cause tissue rupture and detachment, respectively, are reflected in variations of retina elasticity at smaller length scales at the protein level. In the present work we demonstrate that freely oscillating cantilevers composed of nanostructured TiO2 scaffolds can be employed to study the frequency-dependent mechanical response of adult mammalian retina explants at the nanoscale. Constituting highly versatile scaffolds with strong tissue attachment for long-term organotypic culture atop, these scaffolds perform damped vibrations as fingerprints of the mechanical tissue properties that are derived using finite element calculations. Since the tissue adheres to the nanostructures via constitutive proteins on the photoreceptor side of the retina, the latter are stretched and compressed during vibration of the underlying scaffold. Probing mechanical response of individual proteins within the tissue, the proposed mechanical spectroscopy approach opens the way for studying tissue mechanics, diseases and the effect of drugs at the protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mayazur Rahman
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Institute for Experimental Physics 1, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vogler S, Pannicke T, Hollborn M, Kolibabka M, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Hammes HP, Bringmann A. Impaired Purinergic Regulation of the Glial (Müller) Cell Volume in the Retina of Transgenic Rats Expressing Defective Polycystin-2. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1784-96. [PMID: 27038933 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal glial (Müller) cells possess an endogenous purinergic signal transduction cascade which normally prevents cellular swelling in osmotic stress. The cascade can be activated by osmotic or glutamate receptor-dependent ATP release. We determined whether activation of this cascade is altered in Müller cells of transgenic rats that suffer from a slow photoreceptor degeneration due to the expression of a truncated human cilia gene polycystin-2 (CMV-PKD21/703 HA). Age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats served as control. Retinal slices were superfused with a hypoosmotic solution (60 % osmolarity). Müller cells in retinas of PKD21/703 rats swelled immediately in hypoosmotic stress; this was not observed in control retinas. Pharmacological blockade of P2Y1 or adenosine A1 receptors induced osmotic swelling of Müller cells from control rats. The swelling induced by the P2Y1 receptor antagonist was mediated by induction of oxidative-nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, production of inflammatory lipid mediators, and a sodium influx from the extracellular space. Exogenous VEGF or glutamate prevented the hypoosmotic swelling of Müller cells from PKD21/703 rats; this effect was mediated by activation of the purinergic signaling cascade. In neuroretinas of PKD21/703 rats, the gene expression levels of P2Y1 and A1 receptors, pannexin-1, connexin 45, NTPDases 1 and 2, and various subtypes of nucleoside transporters are elevated compared to control. The data may suggest that the osmotic swelling of Müller cells from PKD21/703 rats is caused by an abrogation of the osmotic ATP release while the glutamate-induced ATP release is functional. In the normal retina, ATP release and autocrine P2Y1 receptor activation serve to inhibit the induction of oxidative-nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and production of inflammatory lipid mediators, which otherwise will induce a sodium influx and cytotoxic Müller cell swelling under anisoosmotic conditions. Purinergic receptors may represent a target for the protection of retinal glial cells from mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Vogler
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kolibabka
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vogler S, Hollborn M, Berk BA, Pannicke T, Seeger J, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Ischemic regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated cell volume and TrkB expression in glial (Müller) and bipolar cells of the rat retina. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:497-503. [PMID: 26743749 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmotic swelling of neurons and glial cells contributes to retinal edema and neurodegeneration. BDNF, a major neuroprotectant in the retina, was shown to inhibit osmotic swelling of glial (Müller) and bipolar cells in the rat retina; the effect of BDNF on the bipolar cell swelling is mediated by inducing a release of neuroprotective cytokines from Müller cells (Berk et al., Neuroscience 295:175-186, 2015). We determined whether BDNF-mediated cell volume regulation was altered after transient retinal ischemia. METHODS Retinal slices from the eyes of rats that underwent a 1-h pressure-induced retinal ischemia and from control eyes were superfused with a hypoosmotic solution. RESULTS Exogenous BDNF prevented osmotic swelling of Müller cells in both control and post-ischemic retinal slices. BDNF also prevented osmotic swelling of bipolar cells in the control retina, but not in the ischemic retina. On the other hand, exogenous bFGF prevented the swelling of both Müller and bipolar cells in the ischemic retina. Freshly isolated Müller cells of control retinas displayed immunoreactivity of truncated but not full-length TrkB. In contrast, Müller cells of post-ischemic retinas displayed immunoreactivity of both TrkB isoforms. Bipolar cells isolated from control and post-ischemic retinas were immunolabeled for both TrkB isoforms. CONCLUSIONS The data may suggest that the ischemic abrogation of the BDNF effect in bipolar cells is related to altered BDNF receptor expression in Müller cells. Glial upregulation of full-length TrkB may support the survival of Müller cells in the ischemic retina, but may impair the BDNF-induced release of neuroprotective cytokines such as bFGF from Müller cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Vogler
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin-Andreas Berk
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Seeger
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Iseli HP, Körber N, Koch C, Karl A, Penk A, Huster D, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Francke M. Scleral cross-linking by riboflavin and blue light application in young rabbits: damage threshold and eye growth inhibition. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 254:109-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
31
|
Vogler S, Winters H, Pannicke T, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Sigma-1 receptor activation inhibits osmotic swelling of rat retinal glial (Müller) cells by transactivation of glutamatergic and purinergic receptors. Neurosci Lett 2015; 610:13-8. [PMID: 26499958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Water accumulation in retinal glial (Müller) and neuronal cells resulting in cellular swelling contributes to the development of retinal edema and neurodegeneration. Sigma (σ) receptor activation is known to have neuroprotective effects in the retina. Here, we show that the nonselective σ receptor agonist ditolylguanidine, and the selective σ1 receptor agonist PRE-084, inhibit the osmotic swelling of Müller cell somata induced by superfusion of rat retinal slices with a hypoosmotic solution containing barium ions. In contrast, PRE-084 did not inhibit the osmotic swelling of bipolar cell somata. The effects of σ receptor agonists on the Müller cell swelling were abrogated in the presence of blockers of metabotropic glutamate and purinergic P2Y1 receptors, respectively, suggesting that σ receptor activation triggers activation of a glutamatergic-purinergic signaling cascade which is known to prevent the osmotic Müller cell swelling. The swelling-inhibitory effect of 17β-estradiol was prevented by the σ1 receptor antagonist BD1047, suggesting that the effect is mediated by σ1 receptor activation. The data may suggest that the neuroprotective effect of σ receptor activation in the retina is in part mediated by prevention of the cytotoxic swelling of retinal glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Vogler
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge Winters
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research; Leipzig Universität; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wunderlich KA, Tanimoto N, Grosche A, Zrenner E, Pekny M, Reichenbach A, Seeliger MW, Pannicke T, Perez MT. Retinal functional alterations in mice lacking intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. FASEB J 2015; 29:4815-28. [PMID: 26251181 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin (Vim) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important components of the intermediate filament (IF) (or nanofilament) system of astroglial cells. We conducted full-field electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and found that whereas photoreceptor responses (a-wave) were normal in uninjured GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice, b-wave amplitudes were increased. Moreover, we found that Kir (inward rectifier K(+)) channel protein expression was reduced in the retinas of GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice and that Kir-mediated current amplitudes were lower in Müller glial cells isolated from these mice. Studies have shown that the IF system, in addition, is involved in the retinal response to injury and that attenuated Müller cell reactivity and reduced photoreceptor cell loss are observed in IF-deficient mice after experimental retinal detachment. We investigated whether the lack of IF proteins would affect cell survival in a retinal ischemia-reperfusion model. We found that although cell loss was induced in both genotypes, the number of surviving cells in the inner retina was lower in IF-deficient mice. Our findings thus show that the inability to produce GFAP and Vim affects normal retinal physiology and that the effect of IF deficiency on retinal cell survival differs, depending on the underlying pathologic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Wunderlich
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milos Pekny
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- *Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, and NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), and Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; **Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schuldt C, Karl A, Körber N, Koch C, Liu Q, Fritsch AW, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Käs JA, Francke M, Iseli HP. Dose-dependent collagen cross-linking of rabbit scleral tissue by blue light and riboflavin treatment probed by dynamic shear rheology. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e328-e336. [PMID: 25516112 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the visco-elastic properties of isolated rabbit scleral tissue and dose-dependent biomechanical and morphological changes after collagen cross-linking by riboflavin/blue light treatment. MATERIAL Scleral patches from 87 adult albino rabbit eyes were examined by dynamic shear rheology. Scleral patches were treated by riboflavin and different intensities of blue light (450 nm), and the impact on the visco-elastic properties was determined by various rheological test regimes. The relative elastic modulus was calculated from non-treated and corresponding treated scleral patches, and treatments with different blue light intensities were compared. RESULTS Shear rheology enables us to study the material properties of scleral tissue within physiological relevant parameters. Cross-linking treatment increased the viscous as well as the elastic modulus and changed the ratio of the elastic versus viscous proportion in scleral tissue. Constant riboflavin application combined with different blue light intensities from 12 mW/cm(2) up to 100 mW/cm(2) increased the relative elastic modulus of scleral tissue by factors up to 1.8. Further enhancement of the applied light intensity caused a decline of the relative elastic modulus. This might be due to destructive changes of the collagen bundle structure at larger light intensities, as observed by histological examination. CONCLUSION Collagen cross-linking by riboflavin/blue light application increases the biomechanical stiffness of the sclera in a dose-dependent manner up to certain light intensities. Therefore, this treatment might be a suitable therapeutic approach to stabilize the biomechanical properties of scleral tissue in cases of pathological eye expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schuldt
- Soft Matter Physics Division; Institute for Experimental Physics I; Department of Physics and Earth Science; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Anett Karl
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Nicole Körber
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Qing Liu
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Anatol W. Fritsch
- Soft Matter Physics Division; Institute for Experimental Physics I; Department of Physics and Earth Science; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Josef A. Käs
- Soft Matter Physics Division; Institute for Experimental Physics I; Department of Physics and Earth Science; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Hans Peter Iseli
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Hospital; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Limmat Eye Center; Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Iseli HP, Körber N, Karl A, Koch C, Schuldt C, Penk A, Liu Q, Huster D, Käs J, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Francke M. Damage threshold in adult rabbit eyes after scleral cross-linking by riboflavin/blue light application. Exp Eye Res 2015. [PMID: 26208440 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several scleral cross-linking (SXL) methods were suggested to increase the biomechanical stiffness of scleral tissue and therefore, to inhibit axial eye elongation in progressive myopia. In addition to scleral cross-linking and biomechanical effects caused by riboflavin and light irradiation such a treatment might induce tissue damage, dependent on the light intensity used. Therefore, we characterized the damage threshold and mechanical stiffening effect in rabbit eyes after application of riboflavin combined with various blue light intensities. Adult pigmented and albino rabbits were treated with riboflavin (0.5 %) and varying blue light (450 ± 50 nm) dosages from 18 to 780 J/cm(2) (15 to 650 mW/cm(2) for 20 min). Scleral, choroidal and retinal tissue alterations were detected by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Biomechanical changes were measured by shear rheology. Blue light dosages of 480 J/cm(2) (400 mW/cm(2)) and beyond induced pathological changes in ocular tissues; the damage threshold was defined by the light intensities which induced cellular degeneration and/or massive collagen structure changes. At such high dosages, we observed alterations of the collagen structure in scleral tissue, as well as pigment aggregation, internal hemorrhages, and collapsed blood vessels. Additionally, photoreceptor degenerations associated with microglia activation and macroglia cell reactivity in the retina were detected. These pathological alterations were locally restricted to the treated areas. Pigmentation of rabbit eyes did not change the damage threshold after a treatment with riboflavin and blue light but seems to influence the vulnerability for blue light irradiations. Increased biomechanical stiffness of scleral tissue could be achieved with blue light intensities below the characterized damage threshold. We conclude that riboflavin and blue light application increased the biomechanical stiffness of scleral tissue at blue light energy levels below the damage threshold. Therefore, applied blue light intensities below the characterized damage threshold might define a therapeutic blue light tolerance range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter Iseli
- Limmat Eye Center, Hardtturnstraße 133, 8005 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Körber
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anett Karl
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Schuldt
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Penk
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qing Liu
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Käs
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Purinergic signaling in retinal degeneration and regeneration. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:194-211. [PMID: 25998275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is centrally involved in mediating the degeneration of the injured and diseased retina, the induction of retinal gliosis, and the protection of the retinal tissue from degeneration. Dysregulated calcium signaling triggered by overactivation of P2X7 receptors is a crucial step in the induction of neuronal and microvascular cell death under pathogenic conditions like ischemia-hypoxia, elevated intraocular pressure, and diabetes, respectively. Overactivation of P2X7 plays also a pathogenic role in inherited and age-related photoreceptor cell death and in the age-related dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium. Gliosis of micro- and macroglial cells, which is induced and/or modulated by purinergic signaling and associated with an impaired homeostatic support to neurons, and the ATP-mediated propagation of retinal gliosis from a focal injury into the surrounding noninjured tissue are involved in inducing secondary cell death in the retina. On the other hand, alterations in the glial metabolism of extracellular nucleotides, resulting in a decreased level of ATP and an increased level of adenosine, may be neuroprotective in the diseased retina. Purinergic signals stimulate the proliferation of retinal glial cells which contributes to glial scarring which has protective effects on retinal degeneration and adverse effects on retinal regeneration. Pharmacological modulation of purinergic receptors, e.g., inhibition of P2X and activation of adenosine receptors, may have clinical importance for the prevention of photoreceptor, neuronal, and microvascular cell death in diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, respectively, for the clearance of retinal edema, and the inhibition of dysregulated cell proliferation in proliferative retinopathies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hollborn M, Vogler S, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Kohen L. Regulation of the hyperosmotic induction of aquaporin 5 and VEGF in retinal pigment epithelial cells: involvement of NFAT5. Mol Vis 2015; 21:360-77. [PMID: 25878490 PMCID: PMC4390809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High intake of dietary salt increases extracellular osmolarity, which results in hypertension, a risk factor of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Neovascular retinal diseases are associated with edema. Various factors and channels, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and aquaporins (AQPs), influence neovascularization and the development of edema. Therefore, we determined whether extracellular hyperosmolarity alters the expression of VEGF and AQPs in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS Human RPE cells obtained within 48 h of donor death were prepared and cultured. Hyperosmolarity was induced by the addition of 100 mM NaCl or sucrose to the culture medium. Alterations in gene expression and protein secretion were determined with real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The levels of signaling proteins and nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5) were determined by western blotting. DNA binding of NFAT5 was determined with EMSA. NFAT5 was knocked down with siRNA. RESULTS Extracellular hyperosmolarity stimulated VEGF gene transcription and the secretion of VEGF protein. Hyperosmolarity also increased the gene expression of AQP5 and AQP8, induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, increased the expression of HIF-1α and NFAT5, and induced the DNA binding of NFAT5. The hyperosmotic expression of VEGF was dependent on the activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, PI3K, HIF-1, and NFAT5. The hyperosmotic induction of AQP5 was in part dependent on the activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, NF-κB, and NFAT5. Triamcinolone acetonide inhibited the hyperosmotic expression of VEGF but not AQP5. The expression of AQP5 was decreased by hypoosmolarity, serum, and hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Hyperosmolarity induces the gene transcription of AQP5, AQP8, and VEGF, as well as the secretion of VEGF from RPE cells. The data suggest that high salt intake resulting in osmotic stress may aggravate neovascular retinal diseases and edema via the stimulation of VEGF production in RPE. The downregulation of AQP5 under hypoxic conditions may prevent the resolution of edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogler
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Voigt J, Grosche A, Vogler S, Pannicke T, Hollborn M, Kohen L, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Nonvesicular release of ATP from rat retinal glial (Müller) cells is differentially mediated in response to osmotic stress and glutamate. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:651-60. [PMID: 25567481 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal glial (Müller) cells release ATP upon osmotic stress or activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. ATP inhibits the osmotic Müller cell swelling by activation of P2Y1 receptors. In the present study, we determined the molecular pathways of the ATP release from Müller cells in slices of the rat retina. Administration of the ATP/ADPase apyrase induced a swelling of Müller cells under hypoosmotic conditions, and prevented the swelling-inhibitory effect of glutamate, suggesting that swelling inhibition is mediated by extracellular ATP. A hypoosmotic swelling of Müller cells was also observed in the presence of a blocker of multidrug resistance channels (MK-571), a CFTR inhibitor (glibenclamide), and connexin hemichannel blockers (18-α-glycyrrhetinic acid, 100 µM carbenoxolone). The swelling-inhibitory effect of glutamate was prevented by MK-571, the connexin hemichannel blockers, and a pannexin-1 hemichannel blocker (5 µM carbenoxolone). The p-glycoprotein blocker verapamil had no effect. As revealed by single-cell RT-PCR, subpopulations of Müller cells expressed mRNAs for pannexin-1 and -2, and connexins 30, 30.3, 32, 43, 45, and 46. The data may suggest that rat Müller cells release ATP by multidrug resistance channels, CFTR, and connexin hemichannels in response to osmotic stress, while glutamate induces a release of ATP via multidrug resistance channels, connexin hemichannels, and pannexin-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Voigt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Unterlauft JD, Claudepierre T, Schmidt M, Müller K, Yafai Y, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Eichler W. Enhanced survival of retinal ganglion cells is mediated by Müller glial cell-derived PEDF. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:206-14. [PMID: 25128578 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) leads to visual impairment and blindness in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, primarily in glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy; hence, mechanisms that contribute to protecting RGC from ischemia/hypoxia are of great interest. We here address the role of retinal glial (Müller) cells and of pigment-epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), one of the main neuroprotectants released from the glial cells. We show that the hypoxia-induced loss in the viability of cultured purified RGC is due to apoptosis, but that the number of viable RGC increases when co-cultured with Müller glial cells suggesting that glial soluble mediators attenuate the death of RGC. When PEDF was ablated from Müller cells a significantly lower number of RGC survived in RGC-Müller cell co-cultures indicating that PEDF is a major survival factor allowing RGC to escape cell death. We further found that RGC express a PEDF receptor known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2) and that PEDF exposure, as well as the presence of Müller cells, leads to an activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in RGC. Furthermore, adding an NF-κB inhibitor (SN50) to PEDF-treated RGC cultures reduced the survival of RGC. These findings strongly suggest that NF-κB activation in RGC is critically involved in the pro-survival action of Müller-cell derived PEDF and plays an important role in maintaining neuronal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Claudepierre
- ENSAIA, UR AFPA, Team BFLA, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Müller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yousef Yafai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Glia, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Garcia TB, Pannicke T, Vogler S, Berk BA, Grosche A, Wiedemann P, Seeger J, Reichenbach A, Herculano AM, Bringmann A. Nerve growth factor inhibits osmotic swelling of rat retinal glial (Müller) and bipolar cells by inducing glial cytokine release. J Neurochem 2014; 131:303-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarcyane Barata Garcia
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Pará; Belém Brazil
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogler
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Benjamin-Andreas Berk
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Johannes Seeger
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wagner L, Warwick RA, Pannicke T, Reichenbach A, Grosche A, Hanani M. Glutamate release from satellite glial cells of the murine trigeminal ganglion. Neurosci Lett 2014; 578:143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
44
|
Yafai Y, Iandiev I, Lange J, Unterlauft JD, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Reichenbach A, Eichler W. Müller glial cells inhibit proliferation of retinal endothelial cells via TGF-β2 and Smad signaling. Glia 2014; 62:1476-85. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Yafai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ianors Iandiev
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Johannes Lange
- Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Jan Darius Unterlauft
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zayas-Santiago A, Agte S, Rivera Y, Benedikt J, Ulbricht E, Karl A, Dávila J, Savvinov A, Kucheryavykh Y, Inyushin M, Cubano LA, Pannicke T, Veh RW, Francke M, Verkhratsky A, Eaton MJ, Reichenbach A, Skatchkov SN. Unidirectional photoreceptor-to-Müller glia coupling and unique K+ channel expression in Caiman retina. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97155. [PMID: 24831221 PMCID: PMC4022631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Müller cells, the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina, are fundamental for the maintenance and function of neuronal cells. In most vertebrates, including humans, Müller cells abundantly express Kir4.1 inwardly rectifying potassium channels responsible for hyperpolarized membrane potential and for various vital functions such as potassium buffering and glutamate clearance; inter-species differences in Kir4.1 expression were, however, observed. Localization and function of potassium channels in Müller cells from the retina of crocodiles remain, hitherto, unknown. Methods We studied retinae of the Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus), endowed with both diurnal and nocturnal vision, by (i) immunohistochemistry, (ii) whole-cell voltage-clamp, and (iii) fluorescent dye tracing to investigate K+ channel distribution and glia-to-neuron communications. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed that caiman Müller cells, similarly to other vertebrates, express vimentin, GFAP, S100β, and glutamine synthetase. In contrast, Kir4.1 channel protein was not found in Müller cells but was localized in photoreceptor cells. Instead, 2P-domain TASK-1 channels were expressed in Müller cells. Electrophysiological properties of enzymatically dissociated Müller cells without photoreceptors and isolated Müller cells with adhering photoreceptors were significantly different. This suggests ion coupling between Müller cells and photoreceptors in the caiman retina. Sulforhodamine-B injected into cones permeated to adhering Müller cells thus revealing a uni-directional dye coupling. Conclusion Our data indicate that caiman Müller glial cells are unique among vertebrates studied so far by predominantly expressing TASK-1 rather than Kir4.1 K+ channels and by bi-directional ion and uni-directional dye coupling to photoreceptor cells. This coupling may play an important role in specific glia-neuron signaling pathways and in a new type of K+ buffering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Silke Agte
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Soft Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yomarie Rivera
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jan Benedikt
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Elke Ulbricht
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anett Karl
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José Dávila
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Alexey Savvinov
- Department of Physical Sciences, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Kucheryavykh
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Cubano
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mike Francke
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Misty J. Eaton
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Physiology, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen R, Hollborn M, Grosche A, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Kohen L. Effects of the vegetable polyphenols epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, and cyanidin in primary cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Vis 2014; 20:242-58. [PMID: 24623967 PMCID: PMC3945811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vegetable polyphenols (bioflavonoids) have been suggested to represent promising drugs for treating cancer and retinal diseases. We compared the effects of various bioflavonoids (epigallocatechin-3-gallate [EGCG], luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, and cyanidin) on the physiological properties and viability of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS Human RPE cells were obtained from several donors within 48 h of death. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Messenger ribonucleic acid levels were determined with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cellular proliferation was investigated with a bromodeoxyuridine immunoassay, and chemotaxis was examined with a Boyden chamber assay. The number of viable cells was determined by Trypan Blue exclusion. Apoptosis and necrosis rates were determined with a DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation level of signaling proteins was revealed by western blotting. RESULTS With the exception of EGCG, all flavonoids tested decreased dose-dependently the RPE cell proliferation, migration, and secretion of VEGF. EGCG inhibited the secretion of VEGF evoked by CoCl2-induced hypoxia. The gene expression of VEGF was reduced by myricetin at low concentrations and elevated at higher concentrations. Luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, and quercetin induced significant decreases in the cell viability at higher concentration, by triggering cellular necrosis. Cyanidin reduced the rate of RPE cell necrosis. Myricetin caused caspase-3 independent RPE cell necrosis mediated by free radical generation and activation of calpain and phospholipase A2. The myricetin- and quercetin-induced RPE cell necrosis was partially inhibited by necrostatin-1, a blocker of programmed necrosis. Most flavonoids tested diminished the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and Akt proteins. CONCLUSIONS The intake of luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, and quercetin as supplemental cancer therapy or in treating retinal diseases should be accompanied by careful monitoring of the retinal function. The possible beneficial effects of EGCG and cyanidin, which had little effect on RPE cell viability, in treating retinal diseases should be examined in further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Francke M, Kreysing M, Mack A, Engelmann J, Karl A, Makarov F, Guck J, Kolle M, Wolburg H, Pusch R, von der Emde G, Schuster S, Wagner HJ, Reichenbach A. Grouped retinae and tapetal cups in some Teleostian fish: Occurrence, structure, and function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 38:43-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
48
|
Rauscher FG, Azmanis P, Körber N, Koch C, Hübel J, Vetterlein W, Werner B, Thielebein J, Dawczynski J, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Francke M, Krautwald-Junghanns ME. Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnostic Tool for Retinal Pathologies in Avian Ophthalmology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:8259-69. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Azmanis
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Körber
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany 4Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Leipzig University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig, Germany 3Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Hübel
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wencke Vetterlein
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Werner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Thielebein
- Institute of Agriculture and Nutrition Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jens Dawczynski
- Leipzig University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Leipzig University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany 4Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Scheibe P, Lazareva A, Braumann UD, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Francke M, Rauscher FG. Parametric model for the 3D reconstruction of individual fovea shape from OCT data. Exp Eye Res 2013; 119:19-26. [PMID: 24291205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As revealed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), the shape of the fovea may vary greatly among individuals. However, none of the hitherto available mathematical descriptions comprehensively reproduces all individual characteristics such as foveal depth, slope, naso-temporal asymmetry, and others. Here, a novel mathematical approach is presented to obtain a very accurate model of the complete 3D foveal surface of an individual, by utilizing recent developments in OCT. For this purpose, a new formula was developed serving as a simple but very flexible way to represent a given fovea. An extensive description of the used model parameters, as well as, of the complete method of reconstructing a foveal surface from OCT data, is presented. Noteworthy, the formula analytically provides characteristic foveal parameters and thus allows for extensive quantification. The present approach was verified on 432 OCT scans and has proved to be able to capture the whole range of asymmetric foveal shapes with high accuracy (i.e. a mean fit error of 1.40 μm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Scheibe
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anfisa Lazareva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Braumann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Research Centre for Civilisation Diseases (LIFE), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichenbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mike Francke
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Department of Pathophysiology of Neuroglia, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Grosche A, Pannicke T, Chen J, Wiedemann P, Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Disruption of endogenous purinergic signaling inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor- and glutamate-induced osmotic volume regulation of Müller glial cells in knockout mice. Ophthalmic Res 2013; 50:209-14. [PMID: 24052001 DOI: 10.1159/000354082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Osmotic swelling of Müller cells is a common phenomenon in animal models of ischemic and diabetic retinopathies. Müller cells possess a swelling-inhibitory purinergic signaling cascade which can be activated by various receptor ligands including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glutamate. Here, we investigated whether deletion of P2Y1 (P2Y1R) and adenosine A1 receptors (A1AR), and of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-receptor type 2 (IP3R2), in mice affects the inhibitory action of VEGF and glutamate on Müller cell swelling. METHODS The cross-sectional area of Müller cell somata was recorded after a 4-min superfusion of retinal slices with a hypoosmotic solution. RESULTS Hypoosmolarity induced a swelling of Müller cells from P2Y1R(-/-), A1AR(-/-) and IP3R2(-/-) mice, but not from wild-type mice. Swelling of wild-type Müller cells was induced by hypoosmotic solution containing barium chloride. Whereas VEGF inhibited the swelling of wild-type Müller cells, it had no swelling-inhibitory effect in cells from A1AR(-/-) and IP3R2(-/-) mice. Glutamate inhibited the swelling of wild-type Müller cells but not of cells from P2Y1R(-/-), A1AR(-/-) and IP3R2(-/-) animals. CONCLUSION The swelling-inhibitory effects of VEGF and glutamate in murine Müller cells is mediated by transactivation of P2Y1R and A1AR, as well as by intracellular calcium signaling via activation of IP3R2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Grosche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|