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Sheng H, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Miao M, Tan H, Hu D, Li X, Ding X, Li G, Guo H. Proteomic Studies on the Mechanism of Myostatin Regulating Cattle Skeletal Muscle Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:752129. [PMID: 34868225 PMCID: PMC8635237 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.752129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is an important negative regulator of muscle growth and development. In this study, we performed comparatively the proteomics analyses of gluteus tissues from MSTN+/− Mongolian cattle (MG.MSTN+/−) and wild type Mongolian cattle (MG.WT) using a shotgun-based tandem mass tag (TMT) 6-plex labeling method to investigate the regulation mechanism of MSTN on the growth and development of bovine skeletal muscle. A total of 1,950 proteins were identified in MG.MSTN+/− and MG.WT. Compared with MG.WT cattle, a total of 320 differentially expressed proteins were identified in MG.MSTN cattle, including 245 up-regulated differentially expressed proteins and 75 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that knockdown of the MSTN gene increased the expression of extracellular matrix and ribosome-related proteins, induced activation of focal adhesion, PI3K-AKT, and Ribosomal pathways. The results of proteomic analysis were verified by muscle tissue Western blot test and in vitro MSTN gene knockdown test, and it was found that knockdown MSTN gene expression could promote the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSMSCs). At the same time, Co-Immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay showed that MSTN gene interacted with extracellular matrix related protein type I collagen α 1 (COL1A1), and knocking down the expression of COL1A1 could inhibit the activity of adhesion, PI3K-AKT and ribosome pathway, thus inhibit BSMSCs proliferation. These results suggest that the MSTN gene regulates focal adhesion, PI3K-AKT, and Ribosomal pathway through the COL1A1 gene. In general, this study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of MSTN involved in muscle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Manning Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyun Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Debao Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangbin Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
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Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth on Homologous Versus Heterologous Tissue Extracellular Matrix. J Surg Res 2021; 263:215-223. [PMID: 33691244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds produced by decellularization of source tissue have been effectively used for numerous clinical applications. However, decellularized tracheal constructs have been unsuccessful due to the immediate requirement of a functional airway epithelium on surgical implantation. ECM can be solubilized to form hydrogels that have been shown to support growth of many different cell types. The purpose of the present study is to compare the ability of airway epithelial cells to attach, form a confluent monolayer, and differentiate on homologous (trachea) and heterologous (urinary bladder) ECM substrates for potential application in full tracheal replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine tracheas and urinary bladders were decellularized. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured under differentiation conditions on acellular tracheal ECM and urinary bladder matrix (UBM) bioscaffolds and hydrogels and were assessed by histology and immunolabeling for markers of ciliation, goblet cell formation, and basement membrane deposition. RESULTS Both trachea and urinary bladder tissues were successfully decellularized. HBEC formed a confluent layer on both trachea and UBM scaffolds and on hydrogels created from these bioscaffolds. Cells grown on tracheal and UBM hydrogels, but not on bioscaffolds, showed positive-acetylated tubulin staining and the presence of mucus-producing goblet cells. Collagen IV immunolabeling showed basement membrane deposition by these cells on the surface of the hydrogels. CONCLUSIONS ECM hydrogels supported growth and differentiation of HBEC better than decellularized ECM bioscaffolds and show potential utility as substrates for promotion of a mature respiratory epithelium for regenerative medicine applications in the trachea.
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Iimori Y, Iwai R, Nagatani K, Inoue Y, Funayama-Iwai M, Okamoto M, Nakata M, Mie K, Nishida H, Nakayama Y, Akiyoshi H. Urinary bladder reconstruction using autologous collagenous connective tissue membrane "Biosheet®" induced by in-body tissue architecture: A pilot study. Regen Ther 2020; 15:274-280. [PMID: 33426229 PMCID: PMC7770416 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In-body tissue architecture (iBTA) technology, based on cell-free tissue engineering, can produces collagenous tissues for implantation by subcutaneous embedding a designed mold. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of iBTA-induced "Biosheet®" collagenous sheets, as scaffold materials for bladder reconstruction. METHODS Canine Biosheet® implants were prepared by embedding molds into subcutaneous pouches in beagles for 8 weeks. A part of canine bladder wall was excised (2 × 2 cm) and repaired by patching the same sized autologous Biosheet®. The Biosheet® implants were harvested 4 weeks (n = 1) and 12 weeks (n = 3) after the implantation and evaluated histologically. RESULTS No disruption of the patched Biosheet® implants or urinary leakage into the peritoneal cavity was observed during the entire observation periods. There were no signs of chronic inflammation or Biosheet® rejection. The urine-contacting surface of luminal surface of the Biosheet® was covered with a multicellular layer of urothelium cells 4 weeks after implantation. α-SMA-positive muscle cells were observed at the margin of the Biosheet® implants at 12 weeks after the implantation. In addition, in the center of the Biosheet® implants, the formation of microvessels stained as α-SMA-positive was observed. CONCLUSION Biosheet® implants have biocompatibility as a scaffold for bladder reconstruction, indicating that they may be applicable for full-thickness bladder wall substitution. Further studies are required for definitive evaluation as a scaffold for bladder reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Iimori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iwai
- Research Institute of Technology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagatani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Marina Funayama-Iwai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mari Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mio Nakata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:2132-2153. [PMID: 31741227 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used for the repair and remodeling of injured tissue. The clinical outcomes associated with implantation of ECM-based materials range from unacceptable to excellent. The variable clinical results are largely due to differences in the preparation of the material, including characteristics of the source tissue, the method and efficacy of decellularization, and post-decellularization processing steps. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds promote constructive tissue remodeling include mechanical support, degradation and release of bioactive molecules, recruitment and differentiation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, and modulation of the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The methods of ECM preparation and the impact of these methods on the quality of the final product are described herein. Examples of favorable cellular responses of immune and stem cells associated with constructive tissue remodeling of ECM bioscaffolds are described.
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Bello OO, Morhason-Bello IO, Lawal OO, Abdussalam RA, Ojengbede OA. Knowledge of front-line health workers on the role of urethral catheterization for primary prevention of obstetric fistula in Ibadan, Nigeria. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:379-386. [PMID: 31555562 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstetric fistula (OF), a preventable debilitating condition is mostly caused by prolonged obstructed labour (POL). The aim of bladder catheterization is to allow for healing process by preventing tension to adjoining tissues and improve blood supply. This study assessed the knowledge of catheterization in the prevention of OF among health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A cross sectional study among 147 health workers providing obstetric care in the labour and post-delivery wards using a self-administered questionnaire in 10 selected primary health centres was conducted. The knowledge of catheterization for primary prevention of OF was assessed on a three-point scale. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between health workers socio-demographics and professional characteristics and their knowledge of catheterization for OF prevention. Results The mean age of participants was 41.6 (SD =8.9) years. Fifty-six (38.1%) of the participants had good knowledge of catheterization for OF prevention. Higher proportion (41.3%) of registered nurses and/or midwives had good knowledge of catheterization for OF prevention compared to those who attended school of hygiene. Health workers who had practiced for between 7-9 years were about seven times more likely to have good knowledge of catheterization compared to those who had worked for less than 3 years (OR =6.929, 95% CI, 1.755-27.357). Conclusions Majority of health workers had poor knowledge of catheterization in OF prevention. There is need for training and re-training of health workers in primary health care centres (PHC) on the vital role of bladder catheterization following prolonged/obstructed labour so as to reduce the burden of OF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasomodoyin Olukemi Bello
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Imran Oludare Morhason-Bello
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji O Lawal
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rukayat Adeola Abdussalam
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu Akanbi Ojengbede
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Injectable Allograft Adipose Matrix Supports Adipogenic Tissue Remodeling in the Nude Mouse and Human. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:299e-309e. [PMID: 30688888 PMCID: PMC6358185 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Adipose tissue reaches cellular stasis after puberty, leaving adipocytes unable to significantly expand or renew under normal physiologic conditions. This is problematic in progressive lipodystrophies, in instances of scarring, and in soft-tissue damage resulting from lumpectomy and traumatic deformities, because adipose tissue will not self-renew once damaged. This yields significant clinical necessity for an off-the-shelf de novo soft-tissue replacement mechanism. Methods: A process comprising separate steps of removing lipid and cellular materials from adipose tissue has been developed, creating an ambient temperature-stable allograft adipose matrix. Growth factors and matrix proteins relevant to angiogenesis and adipogenesis were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, and subcutaneous soft-tissue integration of the allograft adipose matrix was investigated in vivo in both the athymic mouse and the dorsum of the human wrist. Results: Allograft adipose matrix maintained structural components and endogenous growth factors. In vitro, adipose-derived stem cells cultured on allograft adipose matrix underwent adipogenesis in the absence of media-based cues. In vivo, animal modeling showed vasculature formation followed by perilipin A–positive tissue segments. Allograft adipose matrix maintained soft-tissue volume in the dorsal wrist in a 4-month investigation with no severe adverse events, becoming palpably consistent with subcutaneous adipose. Conclusions: Subcutaneous implantation of allograft adipose matrix laden with retained angiogenic and adipogenic factors served as an inductive scaffold for sustaining adipogenesis. Tissue incorporation assessed histologically from both the subcutaneous injection site of the athymic nude mouse over 6 months and human dorsal wrist presented adipocyte morphology residing within the injected scaffold.
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Bioengineering Approaches for Bladder Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061796. [PMID: 29914213 PMCID: PMC6032229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical strategies for bladder reconstruction or substitution are associated to serious problems. Therefore, new alternative approaches are becoming more and more necessary. The purpose of this work is to review the state of the art of the current bioengineering advances and obstacles reported in bladder regeneration. Tissue bladder engineering requires an ideal engineered bladder scaffold composed of a biocompatible material suitable to sustain the mechanical forces necessary for bladder filling and emptying. In addition, an engineered bladder needs to reconstruct a compliant muscular wall and a highly specialized urothelium, well-orchestrated under control of autonomic and sensory innervations. Bioreactors play a very important role allowing cell growth and specialization into a tissue-engineered vascular construct within a physiological environment. Bioprinting technology is rapidly progressing, achieving the generation of custom-made structural supports using an increasing number of different polymers as ink with a high capacity of reproducibility. Although many promising results have been achieved, few of them have been tested with clinical success. This lack of satisfactory applications is a good reason to discourage researchers in this field and explains, somehow, the limited high-impact scientific production in this area during the last decade, emphasizing that still much more progress is required before bioengineered bladders become a commonplace in the clinical setting.
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Lee JS, Choi YS, Cho SW. Decellularized Tissue Matrix for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:161-180. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Leonhäuser D, Stollenwerk K, Seifarth V, Zraik IM, Vogt M, Srinivasan PK, Tolba RH, Grosse JO. Two differentially structured collagen scaffolds for potential urinary bladder augmentation: proof of concept study in a Göttingen minipig model. J Transl Med 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28049497 PMCID: PMC5209890 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The repair of urinary bladder tissue is a necessity for tissue loss due to cancer, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. Use of intestinal tissue is still the gold standard in the urological clinic, which leads to new problems and dysfunctions like mucus production, stone formation, and finally malignancies. Therefore, the use of artificial, biologically derived materials is a promising step towards the augmentation of this specialised tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate potential bladder wall repair by two collagen scaffold prototypes, OptiMaix 2D and 3D, naïve and seeded with autologous vesical cells, as potential bladder wall substitute material in a large animal model. Methods Six Göttingen minipigs underwent cystoplastic surgery for tissue biopsy and cell isolation followed by implantation of unseeded scaffolds. Six weeks after the first operation, scaffolds seeded with the tissue cultured autologous urothelial and detrusor smooth muscle cells were implanted into the bladder together with additional unseeded scaffolds for comparison. Cystography and bladder ultrasound were performed to demonstrate structural integrity and as leakage test of the implantation sites. Eighteen, 22, and 32 weeks after the first operation, two minipigs respectively were sacrificed and the urinary tract was examined via different (immunohistochemical) staining procedures and the usage of two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Results Both collagen scaffold prototypes in vivo had good ingrowth capacity into the bladder wall including a quick lining with urothelial cells. The ingrowth of detrusor muscle tissue, along with the degradation of the scaffolds, could also be observed throughout the study period. Conclusions We could show that the investigated collagen scaffolds OptiMaix 2D and 3D are a potential material for bladder wall substitution. The material has good biocompatible properties, shows a good cell growth of autologous cells in vitro, and a good integration into the present bladder tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Leonhäuser
- Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Stollenwerk
- Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Volker Seifarth
- Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,FB 9 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Biology, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabella M Zraik
- Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pramod K Srinivasan
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim O Grosse
- Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
Urologic tissue engineering efforts have been largely focused on bladder and urethral defect repair. The current surgical gold standard for treatment of poorly compliant pathological bladders and severe urethral stricture disease is enterocystoplasty and onlay urethroplasty with autologous tissue, respectively. The complications associated with autologous tissue use and harvesting have led to efforts to develop tissue-engineered alternatives. Natural and synthetic materials have been used with varying degrees of success, but none has proved consistently reliable for urologic tissue defect repair in humans. Silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds have been tested in bladder and urethral repair because of their favorable biomechanical properties including structural strength, elasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. SF scaffolds have been used in multiple animal models and have demonstrated robust regeneration of smooth muscle and urothelium. The pre-clinical data involving SF scaffolds in urologic defect repair are encouraging and suggest that they hold potential for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan S Sack
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Urology, John F. Enders Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Rm. 1009, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Carlos R Estrada
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Hunnewell 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Hidas G, Lee HJ, Bahoric A, Kelly MS, Watts B, Liu Z, Saharti S, Lusch A, Alamsahebpour A, Kerbl D, Truong H, Zi X, Khoury AE. Aerosol transfer of bladder urothelial and smooth muscle cells onto demucosalized colonic segments for bladder augmentation: in vivo, long term, and functional pilot study. J Pediatr Urol 2015; 11:260.e1-6. [PMID: 26022502 PMCID: PMC4623943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder augmentation technique has changed over the years and the current practice has significant adverse health effects and long-term sequelae. Previously, we reported a novel cell transfer technology for covering demucosalized colonic segments with bladder urothelium and smooth muscle cells through an aerosol spraying of these cells and a fibrin glue mixture. OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term durability and functional characteristics of demucosalized segments of colon repopulated with urothelial cells in the bladder of swine for use in augmentation cystoplasty. STUDY DESIGN Nine swine were divided into three groups. The first group (control) underwent standard colocystoplasty; the second group underwent colocystoplasty with colonic demucosalization and aerosol application of fibrin glue and urothelial cell mixture; in the third group detrusor cells were added to the mixture described in group two. The animals were kept for 6 months. Absorptive and secretory function was assessed. Bladders were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS All animals but one in the experimental groups showed confluent urothelial coverage of the colonic segment in the bladder without any evidence of fibrosis, inflammation, or regrowth of colonic epithelial cells. Ten percent of the instilled water in the bladder was absorbed within an hour in the control group, but none in experimental groups(p = 0.02). The total urine sediment and protein contents were higher in the control group compared with experimental groups (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Both study groups developed a uniform urothelial lining. Histologically, the group with smooth muscle had an added layer of submucosal smooth muscle. Six months after bladder augmentation the new lining was durable. We were also able to demonstrate that the reconstituted augmented segments secrete and absorb significantly less than the control colocystoplasty group. We used a non-validated simple method to evaluate permeability of the new urothelial lining to water. To determine if the aerosol transfer of bladder cells would have behaved differently in the neurogenic bladder population, this experiment should have been performed in animals with neuropathic bladders. CONCLUSION Aerosol spraying of single cell suspension of urothelial and muscular cells with fibrin glue resulted in coverage of the demucosalized intestinal segment with a uniform urothelial layer. This new lining segment was durable without regrowth of colonic mucosa after 6 months. The new reconstituted segment absorbs and secretes significantly less than control colocystoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hidas
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hak J Lee
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Maryellen S Kelly
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Blake Watts
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Samah Saharti
- Pathology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Achim Lusch
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - David Kerbl
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hung Truong
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Antoine E Khoury
- Urology Department, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
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Mauney JR, Adam RM. Dynamic reciprocity in cell-scaffold interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:77-85. [PMID: 25453262 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering in urology has shown considerable promise. However, there is still much to understand, particularly regarding the interactions between scaffolds and their host environment, how these interactions regulate regeneration and how they may be enhanced for optimal tissue repair. In this review, we discuss the concept of dynamic reciprocity as applied to tissue engineering, i.e. how bi-directional signaling between implanted scaffolds and host tissues such as the bladder drives the process of constructive remodeling to ensure successful graft integration and tissue repair. The impact of scaffold content and configuration, the contribution of endogenous and exogenous bioactive factors, the influence of the host immune response and the functional interaction with mechanical stimulation are all considered. In addition, the temporal relationships of host tissue ingrowth, bioactive factor mobilization, scaffold degradation and immune cell infiltration, as well as the reciprocal signaling between discrete cell types and scaffolds are discussed. Improved understanding of these aspects of tissue repair will identify opportunities for optimization of repair that could be exploited to enhance regenerative medicine strategies for urology in future studies.
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Song L, Murphy SV, Yang B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Atala A. Bladder Acellular Matrix and Its Application in Bladder Augmentation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:163-72. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Song
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, China
| | - Sean V. Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bin Yang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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14
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Cheng CW, Solorio LD, Alsberg E. Decellularized tissue and cell-derived extracellular matrices as scaffolds for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:462-84. [PMID: 24417915 PMCID: PMC3959761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects is a constant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Musculoskeletal injuries such as fractures, chondral lesions, infections and tumor debulking can often lead to large tissue voids requiring reconstruction with tissue grafts. Autografts are currently the gold standard in orthopaedic tissue reconstruction; however, there is a limit to the amount of tissue that can be harvested before compromising the donor site. Tissue engineering strategies using allogeneic or xenogeneic decellularized bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, tendon and ligament have emerged as promising potential alternative treatment. The extracellular matrix provides a natural scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Decellularization of in vitro cell-derived matrices can also enable the generation of autologous constructs from tissue specific cells or progenitor cells. Although decellularized bone tissue is widely used clinically in orthopaedic applications, the exciting potential of decellularized cartilage, skeletal muscle, tendon and ligament cell-derived matrices has only recently begun to be explored for ultimate translation to the orthopaedic clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina W Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Loran D Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Building, Rm 218, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Jednak R. The evolution of bladder augmentation: from creating a reservoir to reconstituting an organ. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:10. [PMID: 24575395 PMCID: PMC3918659 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder augmentation was first described in 1899. The goal at the time was to establish the ideal method to create a simple capacious reservoir for the safe storage of urine. That simple idea has over the last 100 years grown into one of the most dynamic areas in Pediatric Urology. Creative minds and hands from individuals in multiple disciplines have led us from creating a reservoir to the threshold of recreating a functional organ. In this review, we look at the historical evolution of bladder augmentation and how it exponentially grew in scope from those initial descriptions of intestinocystoplasty to the work being reported today in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jednak
- Division of Pediatric Urology, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
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16
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Ajalloueian F, Zeiai S, Rojas R, Fossum M, Hilborn J. One-Stage Tissue Engineering of Bladder Wall Patches for an Easy-To-Use Approach at the Surgical Table. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:688-96. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ajalloueian
- Textile Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Said Zeiai
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramiro Rojas
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Fossum
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jöns Hilborn
- Ångström Laboratory, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Zhou L, Yang B, Sun C, Qiu X, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Dai Y. Coadministration of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and vascular endothelial growth factor with bladder acellular matrix enhances smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization for bladder augmentation in a rabbit model. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:264-76. [PMID: 22894544 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineering techniques have brought a great hope for bladder repair and reconstruction. The crucial requirements of a tissue-engineered bladder are bladder smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization. In this study, partial rabbit bladder (4×5 cm) was removed and replaced with a porcine bladder acellular matrix (BAM) that was equal in size. BAM was incorporated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the experimental group while with no bioactive factors in the control group. The bladder tissue strip contractility in the experimental rabbits was better than that in the control ones postoperation. Histological evaluation revealed that smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (p<0.05), while multilayered urothelium was formed in both groups. Muscle strip contractility of neobladder in the experimental group exhibited significantly better than that in the control (p<0.05) assessed with electrical field stimulation and carbachol interference. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the native bladder tissue around tissue-engineered neobladder in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control (p<0.05). This work suggests that smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization in tissue-engineered neobladder and recovery of bladder function could be enhanced by PDGF-BB and VEGF incorporated within BAM, which promoted the upregulation of the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of native bladder tissue around the tissue-engineered neobladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
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18
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Daly KA, Liu S, Agrawal V, Brown BN, Huber A, Johnson SA, Reing J, Sicari B, Wolf M, Zhang X, Badylak SF. The host response to endotoxin-contaminated dermal matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1293-303. [PMID: 22416916 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to promote the formation of site-specific, functional, host tissue following placement in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. Endotoxin contamination of biomaterials is thought to result in deleterious immune responses that may affect the remodeling outcome when present in significant quantities. However, the exact amount of endotoxin contamination within or upon an ECM-based biologic scaffold that is required to elicit adverse effects in recipients is currently unknown. The present study examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of endotoxin contamination within an ECM scaffold derived from porcine dermis upon the host immune response and the downstream ability of the scaffold material to promote constructive tissue remodeling. Test articles with endotoxin values that exceed the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit had similar or decreased immune responses both in vitro and in vivo when compared with devices that were below the current FDA limit. Dermal matrices spiked with large doses of endotoxin (100 ng/mL), equivalent to 10-20 times the FDA limit, elicited a robust immune response in vitro. However, by 35 days postimplantation, no difference in tissue remodeling was detected, regardless of the amount of endotoxin present within the material. These results suggest that current endotoxin standards may fall well below levels that induce an adverse acute proinflammatory response and associated long-term deleterious effects upon tissue remodeling outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Daly
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Bajek A, Drewa T, Joachimiak R, Marszałek A, Gagat M, Grzanka A. Stem cells for urinary tract regeneration. Cent European J Urol 2012; 65:7-10. [PMID: 24578913 PMCID: PMC3921771 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2012.01.art2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the urinary bladder is a complicated task, due to organ dimensions and diseases (cancer, interstitial cystitis) when autologous bladder cells cannot be used. Cancer is the most frequent indication for bladder removal (cystectomy). Stem cells can be used with the guarantee of the sufficient cell number for the in vitro construction of the urinary bladder wall. Tissue engineering techniques hold great promise for regeneration of dysfunctional urinary sphincter. Denervation following surgical procedures or injuries results in weakness of the urethral sphincter and stress urinary incontinence. Injectable therapies and the potential of stem cells for sphincter restoration was presented in this review. The aim of this review was to present possibilities of urinary bladder regeneration with the use of stem cells and tissue engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland ; Department of Urology, Institute of Oncology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Romana Joachimiak
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland ; Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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20
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Wolf MT, Daly KA, Reing JE, Badylak SF. Biologic scaffold composed of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2916-25. [PMID: 22264525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds prepared from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized mammalian tissues have been shown to facilitate constructive remodeling in injured tissues such as skeletal muscle, the esophagus, and lower urinary tract, among others. The ECM of every tissue has a unique composition and structure that likely has direct effects on the host response and it is plausible that ECM harvested from a given tissue would provide distinct advantages over ECM harvested from nonhomologous tissues. For example, a tissue specific muscle ECM scaffold may be more suitable for constructive remodeling of skeletal muscle than non-homologous ECM tissue sources. The present study describes an enzymatic and chemical decellularization process for isolating skeletal muscle ECM scaffolds using established decellularization criteria and characterized the structure and chemical composition of the resulting ECM. The results were compared to those from a non-muscle ECM derived from small intestine (SIS). Muscle ECM was shown to contain growth factors, glycosaminoglycans, and basement membrane structural proteins which differed from those present in SIS. Myogenic cells survived and proliferated on muscle ECM scaffolds in vitro, and when implanted in a rat abdominal wall injury model in vivo was shown to induce a constructive remodeling response associated with scaffold degradation and myogenesis in the implant area; however, the remodeling outcome did not differ from that induced by SIS by 35 days post surgery. These results suggest that superior tissue remodeling outcomes are not universally dependent upon homologous tissue derived ECM scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Wolf
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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21
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Wainwright JM, Hashizume R, Fujimoto KL, Remlinger NT, Pesyna C, Wagner WR, Tobita K, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF. Right ventricular outflow tract repair with a cardiac biologic scaffold. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:159-70. [PMID: 22025093 DOI: 10.1159/000331400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical reconstruction of congenital heart defects is often limited by the nonresorbable material used to approximate normal anatomy. In contrast, biologic scaffold materials composed of resorbable non-cross-linked extracellular matrix (ECM) have been used for tissue reconstruction of multiple organs and are replaced by host tissue. Preparation of whole organ ECM by decellularization through vascular perfusion can maintain much of the native three-dimensional (3D) structure, strength, and tissue-specific composition. A 3D cardiac ECM (C-ECM) biologic scaffold material would logically have structural and functional advantages over materials such as Dacron™ for myocardial repair, but the in vivo remodeling characteristics of C-ECM have not been investigated to date. METHODS AND RESULTS A porcine C-ECM patch or Dacron patch was used to reconstruct a full-thickness right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) defect in a rat model with end points of structural remodeling function at 16 weeks. The Dacron patch was encapsulated by dense fibrous tissue and showed little cellular infiltration. Echocardiographic analysis showed that the right ventricle of the hearts patched with Dacron were dilated at 16 weeks compared to presurgery baseline values. The C-ECM patch remodeled into dense, cellular connective tissue with scattered small islands of cardiomyocytes. The hearts patched with C-ECM showed no difference in the size or function of the ventricles as compared to baseline values at both 4 and 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The C-ECM patch was associated with better functional and histomorphological outcomes compared to the Dacron patch in this rat model of RVOT reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Wainwright
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
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22
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Yang B, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Sun Z, Zheng J, Chen Y, Dai Y. Development of a porcine bladder acellular matrix with well-preserved extracellular bioactive factors for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 16:1201-11. [PMID: 20170425 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared four decellularization protocols and finally developed an optimized one through which a porcine bladder acellular matrix (BAM) with well-preserved extracellular bioactive factors had been prepared. In this protocol, the intact bladder was treated with trypsin/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to remove the urothelium, then with hypotonic buffer and Triton X-100 in hypertonic buffer to remove the membranous and cytoplasmic materials, and finally with nuclease to degrade the cellular nuclear components. Bladder distention and mechanical agitation were simultaneously used to facilitate cell removal. Meanwhile, several preservative techniques, including limitation of wash time, supplement with inhibitors of proteinase, control of the pH value and temperature of the wash buffer, ethylene oxide sterilization, and lyophilization of the scaffold for storage, were used to protect the extracellular bioactive factors. This decellularization protocol had completely removed the cellular materials and well preserved the extracellular collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and bioactive factors. The preserved bioactive factors had a great potential of promoting the proliferation and migration of both human bladder smooth muscle cell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell. It was also found that the amount of two representative bioactive factors, platelet-derived growth factor BB and vascular endothelial growth factor, was positively correlated with the sulfated GAG content in the porcine BAM, implying that the amount of sulfated GAG might be a determinant for preservation of bioactive factors in the decellularized tissues. In conclusion, the porcine BAM with well-preserved extracellular bioactive factors might be a favorable scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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23
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Allen RA, Seltz LM, Jiang H, Kasick RT, Sellaro TL, Badylak SF, Ogilvie JB. Adrenal extracellular matrix scaffolds support adrenocortical cell proliferation and function in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:3363-74. [PMID: 20528677 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of functional adrenal cortex cells could reduce morbidity and increase the quality of life of patients with adrenal insufficiency. Our aim was to determine whether adrenal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds promote adrenocortical cell endocrine function and proliferation in vitro. We seeded decellularized porcine adrenal ECM with primary human fetal adrenocortical (HFA) cells. Adrenocortical function was quantified by cortisol secretion of HFA-ECM constructs after stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone. Proliferation was assessed by adenosine triphosphate assay. HFA-ECM construct morphology was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Adrenal HFA-ECM constructs coated with laminin were compared to uncoated constructs. Laminin coating did not significantly affect HFA morphology, proliferation, or function. We demonstrated HFA cell attachment to adrenal ECM scaffolds. Cortisol production and HFA cell proliferation were significantly increased in HFA-ECM constructs compared to controls (p < 0.05), and cortisol secretion rate per cell is comparable to that of human adult and fetal explants. We conclude that adrenal ECM supports endocrine function and proliferation of adrenocortical cells in vitro. Adrenal ECM scaffolds may form the basis for biocompatible tissue-engineered adrenal replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Brown B, Lindberg K, Reing J, Stolz DB, Badylak SF. The basement membrane component of biologic scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:519-26. [PMID: 16579685 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been successfully used as a scaffold for constructive remodeling of multiple tissues in both preclinical studies and in human clinical applications. The basement membrane is a specialized form of the ECM that supports and facilitates the growth of epithelial cell populations. The morphology and the molecular composition of the ECM, including the basement membrane, vary depending upon the organ from which the ECM is harvested and the methods by which it is processed for use as a medical device. Processing steps, such as decellularization, lyophilization, disinfection, and terminal sterilization, may affect the morphology and composition of an ECM scaffold, including, but not limited to, the integrity of a basement membrane complex. The present study evaluated the presence and integrity of a basement membrane complex in processed ECM derived from three different tissues: the urinary bladder, small intestine, and liver. Immunohistochemical determination of the presence and localization of three basement membrane molecules, collagen IV, laminin, and collagen VII, was conducted for each ECM scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to further explore the surface ultrastructure of selected ECM scaffolds. The effect of a surface basement membrane presence upon the pattern of in vitro growth of two separate cell types, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC), was also evaluated for each ECM scaffold. Results showed that the only intact basement membrane complex was found on the luminal surface of the ECM derived from the urinary bladder and that the basement membrane was an effective barrier to penetration of the scaffold by the seeded cells. We conclude that the urinary bladder ECM but not the small intestine- or liver-derived ECM contains a surface with composition and morphology consistent with that of an intact basement membrane complex, that the basement membrane complex can survive processing, and that the basement membrane structure can modulate in vitro cell growth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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25
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Brehmer B, Rohrmann D, Rau G, Jakse G. Bladder wall replacement by tissue engineering and autologous keratinocytes in minipigs. BJU Int 2006; 97:829-36. [PMID: 16536783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a tissue-engineered bladder wall replacement with autologous cells and a biodegradable scaffold, as whenever there is a lack of native urological tissue the bladder is reconstructed with different bowel segments, which has inevitable complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Skin biopsies were taken from six minipigs, and primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures established. A partial resection of the urinary bladder was reconstructed by a cell-seeded scaffold covered with completely differentiated epithelium and supported by a mucosa-free pedicled ileum graft. Each pig was assessed urodynamically and by cystography before operation and every month until explantation; the pigs were killed at 1, 2 and 3 months after augmentation. Control groups (of six pigs each) with bladder augmentation with complete or denuded ileum were used. The bladders were assessed histologically and by distensibility measurements RESULTS The differentiated keratinocyte epithelium was still present on the reconstructed bladder wall after 3 months. The overall shrinkage rate was 6.5%. The engineered bladder wall had lower distensibility than the native one. The inflammatory reaction present initially had disappeared after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS The implanted, tissue-engineered substitution of the bladder wall is not only a bridging graft, but also a complete reconstruction. With this model, extended bladder wall substitution seems feasible and should be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Brehmer
- Urological Clinic, University Clinic, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Schlote N, Wefer J, Sievert KD. [Acellular matrix for functional reconstruction of the urogenital tract. Special form of "tissue engineering"?]. Urologe A 2005; 43:1209-12. [PMID: 15448904 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-004-0695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organ substitution and reconstruction of the urogenital system still poses a problem regarding an adequate substitute. Usually non-organ-specific materials are used for reconstruction (bowl, buccal mucosa). This nonspecific tissue can cause side effects that result from the origin and the natural function. Different groups have shown that an acellular matrix graft in the urinary bladder and the urethra served as a scaffold for complete regeneration of all organ wall components and that this organ-specific regeneration simultaneously facilitates functional restitution. New approaches will presumably effect better regeneration after seeding the matrix with organ-specific cells (i.e., urothelial cells). Smaller studies on genital reconstructive surgery could show that vaginal substitution with an acellular matrix might be possible or that there could be a possible substitute for the tunica during surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlote
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover.
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27
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Kimuli M, Eardley I, Southgate J. In vitro assessment of decellularized porcine dermis as a matrix for urinary tract reconstruction. BJU Int 2004; 94:859-66. [PMID: 15476523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.05047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the potential of Permacol (Tissue Science Laboratories, Swillington, UK), a natural matrix derived from decellularized porcine dermis, as a matrix for urological tissue engineering, and thus to develop an in vitro regimen for assessing the biocompatibility of potential biomaterials before experimentation in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urinary tract-derived normal human urothelial (NHU) and smooth muscle (SM) cells were grown in monoculture as autologous cell lines. Permacol was assessed for its ability to support colonization by NHU and SM cells. The failure of the Permacol matrix to be infiltrated by SM cells was further investigated using the highly invasive EJ bladder cancer cell line. RESULTS NHU cells readily attached and grew as a monolayer on the surface of Permacol. Cells stratified when the culture medium was supplemented with 2 mmol/L calcium. EJ cells initially grew on the surface and subsequently invaded the matrix, while SM cells only colonized the surface of Permacol when cocultured with NHU cells. Cytoxicity, evaluated by contact inhibition and conditioned-medium assays, excluded the presence of soluble toxins in the biomaterial. CONCLUSIONS We developed a simple, reproducible and rigorous regimen for assessing potential biomaterials in vitro. Applying this system might reduce the use of animals and help to identify causes of potential bio-incompatibility. The inability of SM cells to penetrate the Permacol matrix suggests that required matrix-bound signalling factors are absent, possibly as a result of the procedures used for processing Permacol. Identifying the key regulatory factors that regulate SM cell growth and orchestrate regenerative processes in the urinary tract will be important for developing suitable biomaterials for the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kimuli
- Jack Birch Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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28
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Zhang Y, Kropp BP, Lin HK, Cowan R, Cheng EY. Bladder regeneration with cell-seeded small intestinal submucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 10:181-7. [PMID: 15009944 DOI: 10.1089/107632704322791835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the regenerative properties of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and urothelial cells (UCs) seeded on small intestinal submucosa (SIS), utilizing a nude mouse model. Human bladder SMCs and UCs were seeded on SIS in a layered coculture fashion. Cell-seeded SIS grafts (1 x 1 cm(2)) were maintained in a CO(2) incubator for 14 days and subsequently folded with the seeded cells facing the lumenal side and implanted subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice (n = 20). Unseeded SIS grafts were implanted into the contralateral flanks of the mice to serve as controls. Grafts were harvested at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation. By 12 weeks, layered urothelium with a central lumen was noted with early smooth muscle bundle formation peripherally. At each time point, the regenerated SMCs stained positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, and the UCs stained positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. The control group demonstrated no evidence of organized bladder regeneration. This study demonstrates the potential for cell-seeded SIS to induce organized bladder regeneration in vivo. This also provides the basis for additional work utilizing seeded SIS grafts for bladder augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Oklahoma University Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190, USA.
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29
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Hodde J. Naturally occurring scaffolds for soft tissue repair and regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING 2002; 8:295-308. [PMID: 12031118 DOI: 10.1089/107632702753725058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell growth supports (i.e., scaffolds) that provide a conducive environment for normal cellular growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis are important components of tissue engineered grafts because rapid integration with the host is essential for long-term graft viability. While many of these scaffold materials are synthetic biodegradable polymers, others are naturally derived from mammalian tissue sources. Naturally occurring scaffold materials include small intestinal submucosa, acellular dermis, amniotic membrane tissue, cadaveric fascia, and the bladder acellular matrix graft. Upon implantation, these materials elicit a host-tissue response that initiates angiogenesis, encourages tissue deposition and culminates in restoration of structure and function specific to the grafted site. The sources, the methods of procurement and processing, and the effects of these naturally occurring materials on angiogenesis and tissue deposition are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hodde
- Cook Biotech Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA.
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