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van der Meer D, Barthorpe S, Yang W, Lightfoot H, Hall C, Gilbert J, Francies HE, Garnett MJ. Cell Model Passports-a hub for clinical, genetic and functional datasets of preclinical cancer models. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:D923-D929. [PMID: 30260411 PMCID: PMC6324059 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cancer cell cultures are facile experimental models used widely for research and drug development. Many cancer cell lines are available and efforts are ongoing to derive new models representing the histopathological and molecular diversity of tumours. Cell models have been generated by multiple laboratories over decades and consequently their annotation is incomplete and inconsistent. Furthermore, the relationships between many patient-matched and derivative cell lines have been lost, and accessing information and datasets is time-consuming and difficult. Here, we describe the Cell Model Passports database; cellmodelpassports.sanger.ac.uk, which provides details of cell model relationships, patient and clinical information, as well as access to associated genetic and functional datasets. The Passports database currently contains curated details and standardized annotation for >1200 cell models, including cancer organoid cultures. The Passports will be updated with newly derived cell models and datasets as they are generated. Users can navigate the database via tissue, cancer-type, genetic feature and data availability to select a model most suitable for specific applications. A flexible REST-API provides programmatic data access and exploration. The Cell Model Passports are a valuable tool enabling access to high-dimensional genomic and phenotypic cancer cell model datasets empowering diverse research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syd Barthorpe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wanjuan Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Howard Lightfoot
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Caitlin Hall
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - James Gilbert
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hayley E Francies
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Kim H, Choi JY, Rah YC, Ahn JC, Kim H, Jeong WJ, Ahn SH. ErbB3, a possible prognostic factor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:377-387. [PMID: 32081558 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by using gene expression analysis and candidate biomarkers for adjuvant therapy. STUDY DESIGN Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis was performed by using samples from 8 patients, who had died as a result of fulminant recurrence shortly after postoperative radiation therapy, and the results were compared with those from patients with HNSCC of similar stage, but without recurrence. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry of samples from 69 patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma indicated ErbB3 to be a prognostic marker, and its expression was analyzed in the HNSCC cell lines. Sapitinib was tested as a concurrent inhibitor of EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3. In 15 mice, tumor xenograft was implanted at the lateral tongue, and tumor growth was evaluated. RESULTS ErbB3 overexpression in patients with treatment-resistant HNSCC was associated with relapse-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival (P = .018, P = .006, and P = .003, respectively). In the HNSCC cell line, ErbB2 and ErbB3 overexpression was inhibited by postoperative adjuvant therapy with sapitinib, which was also seen to improve survival in an animal model. CONCLUSIONS ErbB3 overexpression predicts a poor clinical outcome. Sapitinib was shown to be an effective inhibitor in the HNSCC cell line and animal models of cancer but with no statistical significance. Further studies with larger groups are needed to better support these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yoon Chan Rah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Cheul Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ahn SH, Choi JY, Kim SD, Park SJ, Kim H. Accelerated elimination of human cancer cells by a CD40 agonist antibody combined with a PD-1 antagonist in CD4-depleted mice. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5889-5896. [PMID: 31788062 PMCID: PMC6865608 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The elimination of residual microscopic cancer cells is important cancer treatment. The immunoediting theory describes the balance between the immune system and cancer cells. The current study investigated changes in the immune system during the elimination of cancer cells and evaluated the influence of cluster of differentiation (CD)4 or CD8 depletion. A human squamous cell cancer cell line (SNU1041) was injected in the lateral tongue of immunocompetent mice and the changes in the CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD19, CD40 and CD40 ligand (L) populations in the blood, lymph nodes and spleen were evaluated using flow cytometry, and changes in serum cytokine levels were evaluated using a magnetic bead panel. Cancer cell elimination was delayed by CD4 depletion but not by CD8 depletion. The CD8-depleted group indicated increased levels of CD40L, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. It was concluded that CD4 served a crucial role in the elimination of human cancer cells. Furthermore, the efficacies of CD40 agonist and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) antagonist treatments were assessed in CD4-depleted mice. CD40 agonist treatment resulted in faster cancer cell elimination and increased cytokine excretion. In conclusion, CD4 or CD40L significantly influenced cancer elimination. CD40 agonist antibodies may be potent adjuvant agents that can be used in patients with reduced CD4 or CD40L expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seong Dong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 13620, Korea
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Li JZH, Gao W, Lei WB, Zhao J, Chan JYW, Wei WI, Ho WK, Wong TS. MicroRNA 744-3p promotes MMP-9-mediated metastasis by simultaneously suppressing PDCD4 and PTEN in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58218-58233. [PMID: 27533461 PMCID: PMC5295426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA controls cancer invasion by governing the expression of gene regulating migration and invasion. Here, we reported a novel regulatory pathway controlled by miR-744-3p, which enhanced expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We profiled the differential micoRNA expression pattern in LSCC cell lines and normal epithelial cultures derived from the head and neck mucosa using microRNA microarray. MiR-7-1-3p, miR-196a/b and miR-744-3p were expressed differentially in the LSCC cell lines. Subsequent validation using real-time PCR revealed that high miR-744-3p level was positively correlated with regional lymph node metastasis of LSCC. Real-time cellular kinetic analysis showed that suppressing miR-744-3p could inhibit migration and invasion of LSCC cell lines and reduce the number of lung metastatic nodules in nude mice modules. In silico analysis revealed that miR-744-3p targeted 2 distinct signaling cascades which eventually upregulated MMP-9 expression in LSCC. First, miR-744-3p could suppress programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a direct suppressor of NF-κB (p65). PDCD4 could also prevent AKT activation and suppress MMP-9 expression. Further, suppressing miR-744-3p expression could restore phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. PTEN could inhibit AKT activation and inhibit MMP-9 expression in LSCC cells. The results revealed that suppressing miR-744-3p was effective to inhibit LSCC metastasis by inactivating AKT/mTOR and NF-κB (p65) signaling cascade. Targeting miR-744-3p could be a valuable therapeutic intervention to suppress the aggressiveness of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zeng-Hong Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Bin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - William Ignace Wei
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Kuen Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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miR-375 and miR-205 Regulate the Invasion and Migration of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Synergistically via AKT-Mediated EMT. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9652789. [PMID: 28078305 PMCID: PMC5204095 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9652789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that miR-375 and miR-205 were significantly dysregulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which contributed to the invasion and migration of LSCC. However, the mechanisms of miR-375 and miR-205 regulating the invasion and migration of LSCC remain unknown. qRT-PCR was performed in 40 pairs of tissue samples to investigate the expression of miR-375 and miR-205 in LSCC and paracarcinoma tissues. To investigate whether or not miR-375 and miR-205 regulated the invasion and migration of LSCC synergistically via AKT-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, miR-375 mimic and miR-205 inhibitor were transfected into SNU899 cells and miR-375 inhibitor and miR-205 mimic were transfected into SNU899 cells, respectively, with or without AKT inhibitor. Then the expressions of miR-375 and miR-205 were validated by qRT-PCR, cell migration and invasion were determined by wound healing assay and transwell invasive assay, and western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of related proteins. Our results showed that miR-375 and miR-205 regulated the invasion and migration of LSCC via AKT-mediated EMT synergistically. In conclusion, our findings provided not only new information about the molecular mechanism of miRNAs regulating invasion and migration of LSCC, but also a theoretical principle for potential targeting therapy of laryngeal squamous carcinoma.
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Ahn SH, Choi JY, Kim DW, Lee DY, Jeon EH, Jeong WJ, Paik JH. Targeting HIF1α Peri-operatively Increased Post-surgery Survival in a Tongue Cancer Animal Model. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:3041-8. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Establishment and characterization of a novel HPV-negative laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, FD-LSC-1, with missense and nonsense mutations of TP53 in the DNA-binding domain. Cancer Lett 2013; 342:92-103. [PMID: 24001612 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignancy in China; however, publically available LSCC cell lines are few and not established from Chinese populations. Hence, novel and well-characterized LSCC cell lines of Chinese origin are urgently needed to provide researchers with a comprehensive database for LSCC research. From 40 cases of LSCC, we established a novel cell line that was maintained for more than 100 passages in vitro and was found to have typical epithelial morphology and ultrastructure. In-depth characterization analysis revealed polyploidy in DNA content; a doubling time of some 24h; high tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice; higher invasive potential and more sensitive to radiation and cisplatin compared with HeLa cell line; upregulated Ki67, Notch1, EGFR, and CK5 protein levels; negative infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and mycoplasma; expression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) biomarkers; mutations of TP53 in exons 5 and 8; a near-triploid karyotype with complex structural aberrations; and dozens of dysregulated genes and miRNAs. Cell authentication testing by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) confirmed the human origin of this cell line. Our findings indicate that a novel and well-differentiated LSCC cell line recapitulating the primary tumor's malignant characteristics is established and well characterized. It does not match any cell lines within the ATCC database and helps to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of LSCC.
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Growth Inhibitory Effect of Palatine Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 5:86-93. [PMID: 22737289 PMCID: PMC3380118 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2012.5.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. However, the effect of human MSCs on the growth of human tumors is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to confirm the growth effect of palatine tonsil-derived MSCs (TD-MSCs) on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and to elucidate the mechanism of their action. Methods TD-MSCs were isolated from patient with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. Two human HNSCC cell lines (PNUH-12 and SNU-899) were studied and cocultured with isolated palatine tonsil-derived MSC. The growth inhibitory effect of MSCs on HNSCC cell lines was tested through methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The apoptosis induction effect of MSCs on cell lines was assessed with flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Results Palatine tonsil-derived MSCs exhibited a growth inhibitory effect on both cell lines. Cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of tumor cells predominantly in G0/G1 phase with an increase in concentration of TD-MSCs, which was confirmed by increased mRNA expression of cell cycle negative regulator p21. Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. Additionally, mRNA expression of caspase 3 was upregulated with increased concentration of TD-MSCs. Conclusion TD-MSCs have a potential growth inhibitory effect on HNSCC cell lines in vitro by inducing apoptotic cell death and G1 phase arrest of cell lines.
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Wydzielanie cytokin prozapalnych przez jednojądrzaste komórki krwi obwodowej w hodowli z komórkami raka płaskonabłonkowego krtani. Otolaryngol Pol 2009; 63:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(09)70186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ahn YO, Lee JC, Sung MW, Heo DS. Presence of Membrane-Bound TGF-β1 and Its Regulation by IL-2-Activated Immune Cell-Derived IFN-γ in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6114-20. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Starska K, Lukomski M, Lewy-Trenda I, Stasikowska O, Józefowicz-Korczyńska M, Durko M, Głowacka E. [Production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells--correlation with clinicomorphological features in laryngeal carcinoma]. Otolaryngol Pol 2008; 62:388-94. [PMID: 18837209 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(08)70277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In studied analyzed role of the cytokines in pathology of neoplasms of various origin the importance of these proteins in regulation of immunocompetent cells function has been described. The aim of this study was to estimate of cho sen cytokines concentration produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in whole blood in patients with laryngeal carcinoma and to analyze the connection of cytokines profile with clinicopathological features. MATERIALA AND METHODS: 55 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated at ENT Department Medical University of Lodz between 2003-2007 were analyzed. For estimation of cytokine secretion the cultures of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (T lymphocytes) and the whole blood were established. Production of cytokines in supernatants was detected by Elisa. Connections with clinicomorphological features (pT, pN, Anneroth, Batsakis i Lunas' classification) were analyzed. RESULTS Authors reported statistical correlation between chosen cytokines concentration and clinicomorphological parameters: pT and IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha produced by isolated cells and IL-2, IL-6, TNFa and IFNgamma in whole blood, pN and IL-8, IL-10, IFNgamma; ABL score and IL-6, TNFalpha, IFNgamma produced by isolated cells and IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha, IFNgamma in whole blood. CONCLUSION Our studied indicated the important influence of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines produced by immunocompetent cells for course of neoplasm disease, aggressiveness and advance in laryngeal carcinoma.
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Starska K, Lukomski M, Józefowicz-Korczyńska M, Głowacka E. [Production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 by peripheral blood lymphocytes T under influence in vitro of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx]. Otolaryngol Pol 2008; 61:626-32. [PMID: 18260266 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(07)70499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The most important mechanism of host humoral immunity in antitumor response is cytokines activity produced by T lymphocytes. The aim of this preliminary study was estimation of IL-6 and IL-8 serum concentration in patients with squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma and analysis of indirect influence of neoplasm cells to the function of T lymphocytes and modification of proinflammatory cytokines profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated at ENT Department Medical University of Lodź between 2003-2005 were analyzed. For estimation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion the cocultures of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes, centrum and margin neoplasm cells and noncancerous cells were established. Production of cytokines in supernatants was detected by Elisa. RESULTS Authors reported that in vitro epithelial cells of the larynx is able to secrete of IL-8, but not IL-6. The presence of normal epithelial cells and carcinoma cells in lymphocyte culture may increase concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 especially with normal laryngeal epithelium cells. CONCLUSION Laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells could modified T lymphocytes activity and production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska
- Katedra Otolaryngologii, Klinika Laryngologii Onkologicznej UM w Lodzi
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Lee BJ, Lee BH, Wang SG, Lee JC, Roh HJ, Goh EK, Kim CM, Jun ES. Change of the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA and human telomerase RNA after cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22 Suppl:S73-8. [PMID: 17923759 PMCID: PMC2694390 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.s.s73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity appears to be associated with cell immortalization and malignant progression. Understanding how telomerase activity is regulated in vivo is important not only for understanding the molecular biology of telomerase but also for the potential clinical application of anticancer drugs. This study evaluated telomerase activity and quantified the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and human telomerase RNA (hTR) using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method before and after the exposure of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Two human HNSCC cell lines (PNUH-12 and SNU-899) were studied. Cell cytotoxicity, the change of telomerase activity, and hTERT mRNA and hTR expression by 5-FU and cisplatin exposure were assessed by MTT assay, TRAP assay, and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. In two cell lines, after cisplatin exposure, the telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA expression decreased, but hTR expression in- creased according to the concentration of drug. However, in both cell lines, the telomerase activity and hTR did not show any significant change after 5-FU treatment, but the expression of hTERT mRNA decreased. These results suggest that there may be other important regulating mechanism except hTERT mRNA as the regulation factor of telomerase activity in HNSCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Joo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Bae-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo-Geun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Choon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jung Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eui-Kyung Goh
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Jun
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Abstract
SNU (Seoul National University) cell lines have been established from Korean cancer patients since 1982. Of these 109 cell lines have been characterized and reported, i.e., 17 colorectal carcinoma, 12 hepatocellular carcinoma, 11 gastric carcinoma, 12 uterine cervical carcinoma, 17 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from cancer patients, 5 ovarian carcinoma, 3 malignant mixed Mllerian tumor, 6 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 7 renal cell carcinoma, 9 brain tumor, 6 biliary tract, and 4 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. These SNU cell lines have been distributed to biomedical researchers domestic and worldwide through the KCLB (Korean Cell Line Bank), and have proven to be of value in various scientific research fields. The characteristics of these cell lines have been reported in over 180 international journals by our laboratory and by many other researchers from 1987. In this paper, the cellular and molecular characteristics of SNU human cancer cell lines are summarized according to their genetic and epigenetic alterations and functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Daniotti M, Oggionni M, Ranzani T, Vallacchi V, Campi V, Di Stasi D, Torre GD, Perrone F, Luoni C, Suardi S, Frattini M, Pilotti S, Anichini A, Tragni G, Parmiani G, Pierotti MA, Rodolfo M. BRAF alterations are associated with complex mutational profiles in malignant melanoma. Oncogene 2004; 23:5968-77. [PMID: 15195137 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the mutational profiles associated with BRAF mutations in human melanoma, we have studied BRAF, RAS, PTEN, TP53, CDKN2A and CDK4 genes and their expression in melanoma lesions. Owing to the lack of sufficient material from fresh specimens, we employed short-term cell lines obtained from melanoma biopsies. In all, 41 melanoma obtained from eight primary lesions, 20 nodal, 11 cutaneous and two visceral metastases from patients with sporadic (n=31), familial (n=4) and multiple melanoma (n=2) were analysed. The results revealed novel missense mutations in the BRAF, PTEN, CDKN2A and CDK4 genes. Overall, activating mutations of BRAF and loss of functional p16 and ARF were detected in the majority of melanomas (29/41, 36/41 and 29/41, respectively), while PTEN alterations/loss, NRAS and TP53 mutations occurred less frequently (6/41, 6/41 and 10/41, respectively). In the resulting 12 mutational profiles, p16/ARF loss associated with mutated BRAFV599E was the most represented (n=15). In addition, TP53 and PTEN mutations were always accompanied with BRAF alterations, while PTEN loss was found in association with CDKN2A or TP53 mutations in the absence of BRAF activation. The p16/ARFDelta+BRAF/RAS profile was significantly associated with a longer survival, while complex mutational profiles were detected in highly aggressive disease and poor survival. These data support the existence of several molecularly defined melanoma groups which likely reflect different clinical/biological behaviour, thus suggesting that a more extensive molecular classification of melanoma would significantly impact its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniotti
- Unit of Melanoma Genetics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Park SW, Lee SG, Song SH, Heo DS, Park BJ, Lee DW, Kim KH, Sung MW. The effect of nitric oxide on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression in head and neck cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer 2004; 107:729-38. [PMID: 14566822 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been previously reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), as well as in many cancers. We hypothesized that endogenous nitric oxide (NO) might increase the expression of COX-2 in cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the cross-talk between NO and the prostaglandin (PG) pathways in HNSCC cell lines. We found that COX-2 and iNOS expressions were elevated simultaneously. On adding the NO donor, SNAP, the PGE2 level was increased 2-20 times due to increased COX-2 expression. This increase of COX-2 expression by SNAP or PMA (potent inducer of both iNOS and COX-2) was blocked to various degrees by NO scavengers and NOS inhibitors (L-NAME and 1400W). Also, the expression of COX-2 in resting cells was inhibited by NOS inhibitors. Moreover, COX-2 expression, induced by SNAP, was inhibited by ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor. The effect of dibutyryl-cGMP on COX-2 expression was similar to that of SNAP. These results imply that endogenous or exogenous NO activates sGC and that the resulting increase of cGMP induces a signaling that upregulates the expression of COX-2 in HNSCC cell lines. We also observed that NO increased COX-2 expression in different cancer cell lines, including cervic and gastric cancer cell lines. These findings further support the notion that NO can be associated with carcinogenesis through the upregulation of COX-2, and that NOS inhibitor may be also useful for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Park
- Department of Tumor Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Nerlich AG, Sauer U, Ruoss I, Hagedorn HG. High frequency of TGF-beta-receptor-II mutations in microdissected tissue samples from laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. J Transl Med 2003; 83:1241-51. [PMID: 12920253 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000081389.98880.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we analyze 105 paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 12 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx for the presence of gene mutations of the complete TGF-beta-receptor-II (TBR-II) gene. This study was conducted on tissue samples following separation of tumor cell groups from adjacent stroma cell compartments by laser microdissection, resulting in pure tumor cell complexes of approximately 50 to 500 cells. We detected 35 different mutations in 5 of the 12 patients analyzed but none in numerous samples of the normal peritumoral stroma or in normal epithelium. Twelve of the mutations were silent and nonfunctional, whereas the 23 relevant mutations were either bp replacements leading to amino acid exchanges or deletions leading to frame shifts and premature stop codons. Except for the so-called "big polyadenine tract" in exon 3 with several similar mutations, no further mutational hot spot was found. In addition we found a correlation between mutations and a loss of typical TGF-beta effects in tumor cells (high cell proliferation rate) but not in the stroma cells (low proliferative capacity, significant de novo deposition of matrix material). This study is the first to identify a high mutational rate of the TBR-II gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We show that that only small tumor-cell groups are affected. The molecular abnormalities are variable, and only one hot spot of mutations can be identified (exon 3, big polyadenine tract). These defects and possibly comparable mutations in other proteins of the TGF-beta-signaling cascade seem to be associated with enhanced cell proliferation rates and alterations of the peritumoral matrix.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Division
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Humans
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Point Mutation/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Nerlich
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital München-Bogenhausen, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Rhee CS, Sen M, Lu D, Wu C, Leoni L, Rubin J, Corr M, Carson DA. Wnt and frizzled receptors as potential targets for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncogene 2002; 21:6598-605. [PMID: 12242657 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2002] [Revised: 07/30/2002] [Accepted: 07/31/2002] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diverse receptor-ligand pairs of the Wnt and frizzled (Fz) families play important roles during embryonic development, and thus may be overexpressed in cancers that arise from immature cells. Hence, we investigated the expression and function of five Wnt (Wnt-1, 5a, 7a, 10b, 13) and two Fz (Fz-2, 5) genes in 10 head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (HNSCC). In comparison to normal bronchial or oral epithelial cells, all the HNSCC had markedly increased mRNA levels of Wnt-1, 7a, 10b, and 13, as well as Fz-2. Moreover, the levels of Wnt-1, 10b, and Fz-2 proteins were also markedly increased in HNSCC, relative to normal epithelial cells. Treatment of one HNSCC cell line (SNU 1076) with anti-Wnt-1 antibodies reduced the activity of the Wnt/Fz dependent transcription factor LEF/TCF, and diminished the expression of cyclin D1 and beta-catenin proteins. Blocking Wnt-1 signaling also inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cells. These results show that HNSCC cell lines often overexpress one or more Wnt and Fz genes, and suggest that the growth and survival of a subset of HNSCC may depend on the Wnt/Fz pathway. Hence, the Wnt and Fz receptors may be possible targets for immunotherapy therapy of this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Seo Rhee
- Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA 92093-0663, USA
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Ku JL, Yoon KA, Kim IJ, Kim WH, Jang JY, Suh KS, Kim SW, Park YH, Hwang JH, Yoon YB, Park JG. Establishment and characterisation of six human biliary tract cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:187-93. [PMID: 12107841 PMCID: PMC2376107 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2001] [Revised: 04/15/2002] [Accepted: 05/08/2002] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cell lines established from biliary tract cancers are rare, and only five have been reported previously. We report the characterisation of six new six biliary tract cancer cell lines (designated SNU-245, SNU-308, SNU-478, SNU-869, SNU-1079 and SNU-1196) established from primary tumour samples of Korean patients. The cell lines were isolated from two extrahepatic bile duct cancers (one adenocarcinoma of common bile duct, one hilar bile duct cancer), two adenocarcinomas of ampulla of Vater, one intrahepatic bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma), and one adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder. The cell phenotypes, including the histopathology of the primary tumours and in vitro growth characteristics, were determined. We also performed molecular characterisation, including DNA fingerprinting analysis and abnormalities of K-ras, p15, p16, p53, hMLH1, hMSH2, DPC4, beta-catenin, E-cadherin, hOGG1, STK11, and TGF-betaRII genes by PCR-SSCP and sequencing analysis. In addition, we compared the genetic alterations in tumour cell lines and their corresponding tumour tissues. All lines grew as adherent cells. Population doubling times varied from 48-72 h. The culture success rate was 20% (six out of 30 attempts). All cell lines showed (i) relatively high viability; (ii) absence of mycoplasma or bacteria contamination; and (iii) genetic heterogeneity by DNA fingerprinting analysis. Among the lines, three lines had p53 mutations; and homozygous deletions in both p16 and p15 genes were found three and three lines, respectively; one line had a heterozygous missense mutation in hMLH1; E-cadherin gene was hypermethylated in two lines. Since the establishment of biliary tract cancer cell lines has been rarely reported in the literature, these newly established and well characterised biliary tract cancer cell lines would be very useful for studying the biology of biliary tract cancers, particularly those related to hypermethylation of E-cadherin gene in biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Ku
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korean Cell Line Bank, Cancer Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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