1
|
Magalhaes MS, Potter HG, Ahlback A, Gentek R. Developmental programming of macrophages by early life adversity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:213-259. [PMID: 35636928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central elements of all organs, where they have a multitude of physiological and pathological functions. The first macrophages are produced during fetal development, and most adult organs retain populations of fetal-derived macrophages that self-maintain without major input of hematopoietic stem cell-derived monocytes. Their developmental origins make macrophages highly susceptible to environmental perturbations experienced in early life, in particular the fetal period. It is now well recognized that such adverse developmental conditions contribute to a wide range of diseases later in life. This chapter explores the notion that macrophages are key targets of environmental adversities during development, and mediators of their long-term impact on health and disease. We first briefly summarize our current understanding of macrophage ontogeny and their biology in tissues and consider potential mechanisms by which environmental stressors may mediate fetal programming. We then review evidence for programming of macrophages by adversities ranging from maternal immune activation and diet to environmental pollutants and toxins, which have disease relevance for different organ systems. Throughout this chapter, we contemplate appropriate experimental strategies to study macrophage programming. We conclude by discussing how our current knowledge of macrophage programming could be conceptualized, and finally highlight open questions in the field and approaches to address them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene S Magalhaes
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harry G Potter
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Ahlback
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evren E, Ringqvist E, Doisne JM, Thaller A, Sleiers N, Flavell RA, Di Santo JP, Willinger T. CD116+ fetal precursors migrate to the perinatal lung and give rise to human alveolar macrophages. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212959. [PMID: 35019940 PMCID: PMC8759608 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance in lung health and disease, it remains unknown how human alveolar macrophages develop early in life. Here we define the ontogeny of human alveolar macrophages from embryonic progenitors in vivo, using a humanized mouse model expressing human cytokines (MISTRG mice). We identified alveolar macrophage progenitors in human fetal liver that expressed the GM-CSF receptor CD116 and the transcription factor MYB. Transplantation experiments in MISTRG mice established a precursor-product relationship between CD34-CD116+ fetal liver cells and human alveolar macrophages in vivo. Moreover, we discovered circulating CD116+CD64-CD115+ macrophage precursors that migrated from the liver to the lung. Similar precursors were present in human fetal lung and expressed the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Fetal CD116+CD64- macrophage precursors had a proliferative gene signature, outcompeted adult precursors in occupying the perinatal alveolar niche, and developed into functional alveolar macrophages. The discovery of the fetal alveolar macrophage progenitor advances our understanding of human macrophage origin and ontogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elza Evren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Anna Thaller
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Sleiers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Tim Willinger
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evren E, Ringqvist E, Tripathi KP, Sleiers N, Rives IC, Alisjahbana A, Gao Y, Sarhan D, Halle T, Sorini C, Lepzien R, Marquardt N, Michaëlsson J, Smed-Sörensen A, Botling J, Karlsson MCI, Villablanca EJ, Willinger T. Distinct developmental pathways from blood monocytes generate human lung macrophage diversity. Immunity 2020; 54:259-275.e7. [PMID: 33382972 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of human macrophages and their ontogeny is an important unresolved issue. Here, we use a humanized mouse model expressing human cytokines to dissect the development of lung macrophages from human hematopoiesis in vivo. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generated three macrophage populations, occupying separate anatomical niches in the lung. Intravascular cell labeling, cell transplantation, and fate-mapping studies established that classical CD14+ blood monocytes derived from HSPCs migrated into lung tissue and gave rise to human interstitial and alveolar macrophages. In contrast, non-classical CD16+ blood monocytes preferentially generated macrophages resident in the lung vasculature (pulmonary intravascular macrophages). Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing defined intermediate differentiation stages in human lung macrophage development from blood monocytes. This study identifies distinct developmental pathways from circulating monocytes to lung macrophages and reveals how cellular origin contributes to human macrophage identity, diversity, and localization in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elza Evren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Parijat Tripathi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Sleiers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inés Có Rives
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arlisa Alisjahbana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tor Halle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Sorini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rico Lepzien
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Willinger
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evren E, Ringqvist E, Willinger T. Origin and ontogeny of lung macrophages: from mice to humans. Immunology 2019; 160:126-138. [PMID: 31715003 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are tissue-resident myeloid cells with essential roles in host defense, tissue repair, and organ homeostasis. The lung harbors a large number of macrophages that reside in alveoli. As a result of their strategic location, alveolar macrophages are critical sentinels of healthy lung function and barrier immunity. They phagocytose inhaled material and initiate protective immune responses to pathogens, while preventing excessive inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Apart from alveolar macrophages, other macrophage populations are found in the lung and recent single-cell RNA-sequencing studies indicate that lung macrophage heterogeneity is greater than previously appreciated. The cellular origin and development of mouse lung macrophages has been extensively studied, but little is known about the ontogeny of their human counterparts, despite the importance of macrophages for lung health. In this context, humanized mice (mice with a human immune system) can give new insights into the biology of human lung macrophages by allowing in vivo studies that are not possible in humans. In particular, we have created humanized mouse models that support the development of human lung macrophages in vivo. In this review, we will discuss the heterogeneity, development, and homeostasis of lung macrophages. Moreover, we will highlight the impact of age, the microbiota, and pathogen exposure on lung macrophage function. Altered macrophage function has been implicated in respiratory infections as well as in common allergic and inflammatory lung diseases. Therefore, understanding the functional heterogeneity and ontogeny of lung macrophages should help to develop future macrophage-based therapies for important lung diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elza Evren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ringqvist
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Willinger
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Braverman JM. Increasing the Quantity of Lungs for Transplantation Using High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation: A Proposal. Prog Transplant 2016; 12:266-74. [PMID: 12593065 DOI: 10.1177/152692480201200406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of chest physiotherapy in donor patient management occupies an established place in most lung procurement protocols. Although its merits remain controversial and uncorroborated by direct data, some studies support the efficacy of chest physiotherapy in a variety of pulmonary patient populations. Comparative studies have shown that an airway clearance technology utilizing high-frequency chest wall oscillation clears pulmonary secretions as well as or better than chest physiotherapy, but has few of its contraindications and disadvantages. The implementation of high-frequency chest wall oscillation as part of the donor lung procurement protocol may increase rates of successful lung recovery by providing effective clearance of obstructing pulmonary secretions containing destructive by-products of inflammation and entrapped pathogens. High-frequency chest wall oscillation may also improve arterial blood gas values, a critical factor in increasing lung procurement rates. Although speculative, the benefits of high-frequency chest wall oscillation on donor lungs might improve perfusion and oxygenation of other organs for possible transplantation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nayak DK, Zhou F, Xu M, Huang J, Tsuji M, Hachem R, Mohanakumar T. Long-Term Persistence of Donor Alveolar Macrophages in Human Lung Transplant Recipients That Influences Donor-Specific Immune Responses. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2300-11. [PMID: 27062199 PMCID: PMC5289407 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state alveolar macrophages (AMs) are long-lived lung-resident macrophages with sentinel function. Evidence suggests that AM precursors originate during embryogenesis and populate lungs without replenishment by circulating leukocytes. However, their presence and persistence are unclear following human lung transplantation (LTx). Our goal was to examine donor AM longevity and evaluate whether AMs of recipient origin seed the transplanted lungs. Origin of AMs was accessed using donor-recipient HLA mismatches. We demonstrate that 94-100% of AMs present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were donor derived and, importantly, AMs of recipient origin were not detected. Further, analysis of BAL cells up to 3.5 years post-LTx revealed that the majority of AMs (>87%) was donor derived. Elicitation of de novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) is a major post-LTx complication and a risk factor for development of chronic rejection. The donor AMs responded to anti-HLA framework antibody (Ab) with secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Further, in an experimental murine model, we demonstrate that adoptive transfer of allogeneic AMs stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses to alloantigen and lung-associated self-antigens and led to bronchiolar obstruction. Therefore, donor-derived AMs play an essential role in the DSA-induced inflammatory cascade leading to obliterative airway disease of the transplanted lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Nayak
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - F Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - M Xu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - J Huang
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - M Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - R Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - T Mohanakumar
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Palmer SM, Burch LH, Davis RD, Herczyk WF, Howell DN, Reinsmoen NL, Schwartz DA. The role of innate immunity in acute allograft rejection after lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168:628-32. [PMID: 12773319 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200303-447oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although innate immunity is crucial to pulmonary host defense and can initiate immune and inflammatory responses independent of adaptive immunity, it remains unstudied in the context of transplant rejection. To investigate the role of innate immunity in the development of allograft rejection, we assessed the impact of two functional polymorphisms in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness on the development of acute rejection after human lung transplantation. Patients and donors were screened for the TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers. The rate of acute rejection at 6 months was significantly reduced in recipients, but not in donors, with the Asp299Gly or Thr399Ile alleles as compared with wild type (29 vs. 56%, respectively, p = 0.05). This association was confirmed in Cox proportional hazards and multivariate logistic regression models. Our results suggest activation of innate immunity in lung transplant recipients through TLR4 contributes to the development acute rejection after lung transplantation. Therapies directed at inhibition of innate immune responses mediated by TLR4 may represent a novel and effective means to prevent acute rejection after lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Radyuk SN, Mericko PA, Popova TG, Grene E, Alibek K. In vitro-generated respiratory mucosa: a new tool to study inhalational anthrax. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 305:624-32. [PMID: 12763040 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We generated a three-dimensional (3-D) model of human airway tissues in order to study initiation of inhalational form of anthrax infection. The system was designed to model the air-blood barrier of the respiratory tract represented by epithelial cells and macrophages. When grown on collagen/fibronectin gel support at an air-liquid interface, airway epithelial cells formed cell layers morphologically resembling those in vivo. These preformed epithelial cell cultures were further supplemented with monocytes/macrophages isolated from human blood. After 2-5 days of co-culture, monocytes differentiated into a phenotype of resident macrophages, which was evaluated by the expression of specific cell surface markers. This model allowed sorting out the role of each type of cell found at the air surface of the lung. The interdependence of macrophages and epithelial cells in the clearance of anthrax spores from airways and the capacity of the airway epithelial cells to protect from anthrax infection was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Radyuk
- Advanced Biosystems, Inc., Analex, Inc., 10900 University Blvd, MSN 1A8, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Braverman JM. Increasing the quantity of lungs for transplantation using high-frequency chest wall oscillation: a proposal. Prog Transplant 2002. [PMID: 12593065 DOI: 10.7182/prtr.12.4.l66540265q64067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of chest physiotherapy in donor patient management occupies an established place in most lung procurement protocols. Although its merits remain controversial and uncorroborated by direct data, some studies support the efficacy of chest physiotherapy in a variety of pulmonary patient populations. Comparative studies have shown that an airway clearance technology utilizing high-frequency chest wall oscillation clears pulmonary secretions as well as or better than chest physiotherapy, but has few of its contraindications and disadvantages. The implementation of high-frequency chest wall oscillation as part of the donor lung procurement protocol may increase rates of successful lung recovery by providing effective clearance of obstructing pulmonary secretions containing destructive by-products of inflammation and entrapped pathogens. High-frequency chest wall oscillation may also improve arterial blood gas values, a critical factor in increasing lung procurement rates. Although speculative, the benefits of high-frequency chest wall oscillation on donor lungs might improve perfusion and oxygenation of other organs for possible transplantation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hickman-Davis JM, O'Reilly P, Davis IC, Peti-Peterdi J, Davis G, Young KR, Devlin RB, Matalon S. Killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 282:L944-56. [PMID: 11943658 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00216.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated putative mechanisms by which human surfactant protein A (SP-A) effects killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae by human alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from bronchoalveolar lavagates of patients with transplanted lungs. Coincubation of AMs with human SP-A (25 microg/ml) and Klebsiella resulted in a 68% decrease in total colony forming units by 120 min compared with AMs infected with Klebsiella in the absence of SP-A, and this SP-A-mediated effect was abolished by preincubation with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. Incubation of transplant AMs with SP-A increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) by 70% and nitrite and nitrate (NO(x)) production by 45% (from 0.24 +/- 0.02 to 1.3 +/- 0.21 nmol small middle dot 10(6) AMs(-1).h(-1)). Preincubation with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester inhibited the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and abrogated the SP-A-mediated Klebsiella phagocytosis and killing. In contrast, incubation of AMs from normal volunteers with SP-A decreased both [Ca(2+)](i) and NO(x) production and did not result in killing of Klebsiella. Significant killing of Klebsiella was also seen in a cell-free system by sustained production of peroxynitrite (>1 microM/min) at pH 5 but not at pH 7.4. These findings indicate that SP-A mediates pathogen killing by AMs from transplant lungs by stimulating phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen-nitrogen intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy M Hickman-Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Nephrology and Nephrology Research Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|