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Ma Y, Su Z, Chen F, Xu C, Jiang K, An W, Zhang G, Xie D, Wang S, Dong Y, Li Y. Terrestrial Compound Protein Replacing Dietary Fishmeal Improved Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, Intestinal Microflora Composition, and Protein Metabolism of Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2716724. [PMID: 37829512 PMCID: PMC10567510 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2716724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial compound protein (Cpro) can be potentially used to replace fishmeal (FM) in the marine carnivorous teleost, golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Four isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (12%) diets named FM30, AP80, PP80, and CP80 were formulated. FM30 (control) contained 30% FM and 25% basic protein, while AP80, PP80, and CP80 only contained 6% FM, where 80% FM and 25% basic protein of control diet were completely replaced by animal protein, plant protein, and Cpro, respectively. After golden pompano juveniles (initial weight: 10.32 ± 0.09 g) were, respectively, fed the four diets in floating sea cages for 10 weeks, the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and immune responses, protein metabolism indices of the CP80 group were similar to or better than those of the FM30 group (P > 0.05), and significantly better than those of the AP80 and PP80 groups. Specifically, the weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contents of serum, mRNA level of interleukin-10 (il-10), zonula occludens-2 (zo-2), claudin-3, claudin-12, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eif4g) were significantly higher, and the activity of α-amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS) in the foregut and midgut, interleukin-8 (il-8) expression in the intestine was significantly lower than that in the CP80 group, compared with those in AP80 and PP80 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intestinal microflora composition of golden pompano fed with the CP80 diet was improved. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of harmful bacterial strains cyanobacteria and TM7 of CP80 group was similar to those of FM30 group (P > 0.05), but was significantly lower than those of AP80 and PP80 groups (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the beneficial bacterial strains Agrobacterium and Blantia of CP80 group were also similar to those of FM30 group (P < 0.05), which were significantly higher than those of AP80 and PP80 groups, but the beneficial bacterial strains Bifidobacterium and Devosia of CP80 group were significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Besides, in diet CP80, the contents of amino acids and anti-nutritional factor, as well as the in vitro digestion rate were comparable to those of FM30, and the anti-nutritional factor content was between AP80 and PP80; total essential amino acids (EAAs) and methionine contents were higher than those in AP80, the glycine content was higher than that in PP80. Taken together, these results indicated that the CP80 diet had better amino acid composition and relatively low content of anti-nutritional factors, as well as high-digestion rate, and thus leads to the fish fed CP80 displaying improved effects in digestive enzyme activity, immune response, protein metabolism, and intestinal microbiota composition, which may be the important reasons to explain why that 80% of FM can be replaced by Cpro in the diet of golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Ma
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeliang Su
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunsheng Jiang
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenqiang An
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guanrong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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The ischaemic preconditioning paradox and its implications for islet isolation from heart-beating and non heart-beating donors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19321. [PMID: 36369239 PMCID: PMC9652462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of ischaemia can severely damage procured donor organs for transplantation. The pancreas, and pancreatic islets in particular, is one of the most sensitive tissues towards hypoxia. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HP) performed ex-vivo in islets isolated from heart-beating donor (HBD) and non heart-beating donor (NHBD) rats. After HP purified islets were cultured for 24 h in hypoxia followed by islet characterisation. Post-culture islet yields were significantly lower in sham-treated NHBD than in HBD. This difference was reduced when NHBD islets were preconditioned. Similar results were observed regarding viability, apoptosis and in vitro function. Reactive oxygen species generation after hypoxic culture was significantly enhanced in sham-treated NHBD than in HBD islets. Again, this difference could be diminished through HP. qRT-PCR revealed that HP decreases pro-apoptotic genes but increases HIF-1 and VEGF. However, the extent of reduction and augmentation was always substantially higher in preconditioned NHBD than in HBD islets. Our findings indicate a lower benefit of HBD islets from HP than NHBD islets. The ischaemic preconditioning paradox suggests that HP should be primarily applied to islets from marginal donors. This observation needs evaluation in human islets.
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Shaping of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Events: The Crucial Role of Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040688. [PMID: 35203337 PMCID: PMC8870414 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major hurdle in many clinical scenarios, including liver resection and transplantation. Various studies and countless surgical events have led to the observation of a strong correlation between HIRI induced by liver transplantation and early allograft-dysfunction development. The detrimental impact of HIRI has driven the pursuit of new ways to alleviate its adverse effects. At the core of HIRI lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Various studies, from both animal models and in clinical settings, have clearly shown that mitochondrial function is severely hampered by HIRI and that its preservation or restoration is a key indicator of successful organ recovery. Several strategies have been thus implemented throughout the years, targeting mitochondrial function. This work briefly discusses some the most utilized approaches, ranging from surgical practices to pharmacological interventions and highlights how novel strategies can be investigated and implemented by intricately discussing the way mitochondrial function is affected by HIRI.
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Letourneau M, Wang K, Mailloux RJ. Protein S-glutathionylation decreases superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production xanthine oxidoreductase. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:184-192. [PMID: 34481042 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our group has found that protein S-glutathionylation serves as an important feedback inhibitor for superoxide (O2●-)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by several mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Since cytoplasmic oxidases can also serve as important reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, we hypothesized that glutathionylation can also inhibit O2●-/H2O2 by these enzymes. We first focused our attention on using a purified xanthine oxidase (XO) of bacterial origin to discern if glutathionylation can shut down ROS production by this enzyme. Incubating XO in glutathione disulfide (GSSG) at a final concentration of 1 mM did not significantly alter ROS production. Additionally, incubating samples in up to 10 mM GSSG increased ROS production. However, diamide and disulfiram titrations in the presence of 1 mM GSH revealed that both glutathionylation catalysts were able to abolish O2●-/H2O2 by XO. Exposure of XO to glutaredoxin-1 (GRX1) and GSSG did not alter the rate of O2●-/H2O2 production. However, incubation with GSH and purified glutathione S-transferase (GST) almost abolished ROS production by XO. Similar results were collected with rat liver cytoplasm. Indeed, diamide and disulfiram significantly decreased ROS production by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). Additionally, incubating the cytoplasm in GSH and GST led to a significant decrease in XOR activity. Immunoblot analyses revealed that immunoreactive bands corresponding to XOR were glutathionylated by diamide. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that cytoplasmic ROS sources, such as XOR, can also be inhibited by glutathionylation and these reactions are enzymatically mediated by GST. Additionally, we found that bacterial XO is also a target for glutathionylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Letourneau
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Kevin Wang
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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Atoa SM, Mangus RS, Graham RC, Kroepfl EA, Powelson JA, Fridell JA. Effect of volatile anesthetics on early and delayed outcomes in pancreas transplantation. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14153. [PMID: 33185894 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of allograft dysfunction and patient morbidity in solid organ transplantation. This study compares the effect of different inhaled anesthetics on early IRI and clinical outcomes in pancreas allograft recipients. METHODS Data were extracted retrospectively for pancreas transplants at a single center over a 15-year period. Early postoperative pancreatic amylase and lipase levels were used as a marker for graft injury. Clinical outcomes measured included length of hospital stay, readmission, and graft survival. RESULTS There were 625 pancreas transplants included in the analysis with 3 primary inhaled anesthetics: sevoflurane (53%), desflurane (35%), and isoflurane (12%). In the first 30 days post-transplant, peak amylase was lowest for sevoflurane (147) followed by desflurane (159) and isoflurane (229) (p = .03). Peak lipase levels followed the same trend (peak values 118, 131, and 135, respectively; p = .02). Early graft loss, length of hospital stay, and readmission within 3 months were similar among all three anesthetic groups. There was no difference in 10-year graft survival by Cox regression. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane and desflurane are associated with lower peak amylase and lipase levels postoperatively in pancreas transplantation. Short- and long-term clinical outcomes were equivalent for the three agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Atoa
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Richard S Mangus
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ryan C Graham
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kroepfl
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John A Powelson
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan A Fridell
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R, Fedeli D, Fiorini D, Bergheim I, Jin CJ, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Nasuti C. Positive effect of an electrolyzed reduced water on gut permeability, fecal microbiota and liver in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223238. [PMID: 31600256 PMCID: PMC6786615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness within the scientific community of the strong connection between the inflammation in the intestine and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In previous studies we developed a PD animal model exposing pup rats to permethrin (PERM) pesticide. Here, we intended to explore whether in our animal model there were changes in gut permeability, fecal microbiota and hepatic injury. Moreover, we tested if the co-treatment with an electrolyzed reduced (ERW) was effective to protect against alterations induced by PERM. Rats (from postnatal day 6 to 21) were gavaged daily with PERM, PERM+ERW or vehicle and gut, liver and feces were analyzed in 2-months-old rats. Increased gut permeability, measured by FITC-dextran assay, was detected in PERM group compared to control and PERM+ERW groups. In duodenum and ileum, concentration of occludin was higher in control group than those measured in PERM group, whereas only in duodenum ZO-1 was higher in control than those measured in PERM and PERM+ERW groups. Number of inflammatory focis and neutrophils as well as iNOS protein levels were higher in livers of PERM-treated rats than in those of PERM+ERW and control rats. Fecal microbiota analysis revealed that Lachnospira was less abundant and Defluviitaleaceae more abundant in the PERM group, whereas the co-treatment with ERW was protective against PERM treatment since the abundances in Lachnospira and Defluviitaleaceae were similar to those in the control group. Higher abundances of butyrate- producing bacteria such as Blautia, U.m. of Lachnospiraceae family, U.m. of Ruminococcaceae family, Papillibacter, Roseburia, Intestinimonas, Shuttleworthia together with higher butyric acid levels were detected in PERM+ERW group compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the PD animal model showed increased intestinal permeability together with hepatic inflammation correlated with altered gut microbiota. The positive effects of ERW co-treatment observed in gut, liver and brain of rats were linked to changes on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, RF Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. D’Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez-Reynoso S, Leal-Cortés C, Portilla-de Buen E, López-De la Torre SP. Ischemic Preconditioning Preserves Liver Energy Charge and Function on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:373-380. [PMID: 30554858 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell energy during ischemia/reperfusion depends on mechanisms including adenosine diphosphate degradation, oxygen species and cytokine liberation, neutrophil infiltration, and endothelial dysfunction. Preconditioning-a brief ischemic episode that confers a state of protection against subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury-involves NO and adenosine production, reduction in oxygen species liberation, and preservation of microcirculation. During hypoxia, constitutive NO production assures adequate oxygen delivery and reduced energy loss. The aim was to determine the role of ischemic preconditioning in the stimulation of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and its effect on energy charge, radical oxygen species generation, cytokine liberation, and neutrophil infiltration during reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were assigned to one of four groups depending on the preconditioning protocol: hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, or hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic preconditioning, for 5, 10, or 20 min. A portosystemic shunt was established between the portal and left jugular veins during ischemia. RESULTS Preconditioning produced rises in plasma nitrites, but no rise in inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. A 5 or 10 min preconditioning period allowed for higher energy charge, bile production, and glutathione levels, with less lipoperoxide, alanine aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1 production and neutrophil infiltration, compared with 20 min or control. Survival was 80% in the G10 group, 70 in G5, 10 in GC, and 0% in the G20 group. CONCLUSIONS Ten-min liver preconditioning improves survival and prevents energy loss during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion by stimulating constitutive NO production, maintaining glutathione concentrations and reducing oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine generation as well as neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rodríguez-Reynoso
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Caridad Leal-Cortés
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Eliseo Portilla-de Buen
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Selene Paulina López-De la Torre
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Mangus R, Kinsella S, Farar D, Fridell J, Woolf L, Kubal C. Impact of Volatile Anesthetic Agents on Early Clinical Outcomes in Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1372-1377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang B, Yan P, Yang GZ, Cao HL, Wang F, Li B. Triptolide reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and H9C2 cells via inhibition of NF‑κB, ROS and the ERK1/2 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3127-3136. [PMID: 29512681 PMCID: PMC5881718 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces cardiac cell injury; however, the mechanism underlying cardiac damage remains unclear. A previous study demonstrated that triptolide (TP) exerts protective effects against I/R in cerebral cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of TP on cardiac cells, and investigated the potential mechanisms involved in I/R‑induced damage. Rats and cardiac H9C2 cells undergoing I/R were pretreated with TP, and cell damage was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining were employed to evaluate I/R injury in rat cardiac tissue. Inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6, were detected by ELISA. Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the bioactivity of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and catalase. In addition, viability of H9C2 cells was measured using the Cell Counting kit 8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, the expression levels of proteins associated with apoptosis, peroxide and inflammation were measured using western blot analysis. H9C2 cells were also treated with N‑acetylcysteine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and cell injury was assessed after peroxidation or I/R. The results demonstrated that TP exerted a significant protective effect on cardiac cells in vivo and in vitro. TP reduced the inflammatory response, as determined by nuclear factor‑κB inhibition. In addition, TP decreased ROS‑mediated lipid peroxidation, and reduced ROS generation. TP also inhibited cell apoptosis by activating the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. In conclusion, TP may protect cardiac cells from I/R injury; the potential protective mechanisms of TP against I/R include anti‑inflammatory action, antioxidation and apoptotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Zhao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Li Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Tang YH, Yue ZS, Zheng WJ, Shen HF, Zeng LR, Hu ZQ, Xiong ZF. 4-Phenylbutyric acid presents therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis via inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory response induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:540-546. [PMID: 29327364 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common bone and joint disease with a wild range of risk factors, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The aim of our study was to discuss the possible mechanism of ER stress associated with OA in vivo and explore novel therapeutic method against OA. OA-induced damages in cartilage tissues were evaluated by HE, Safranin O/fast green, and TUNEL staining. The inflammatory factors concentration and the expression of FAP, MMP2, MMP9, Bax, Bcl-2, CHOP, and GRP78 were evaluated by ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot analyses. As results, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA)-treated OA cartilage tissues presented alleviated tissue damage with less apoptotic cells and cytokine production in comparison with advanced-OA tissues. Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2, CHOP, GRP78, inflammatory factors, and reactive oxygen species generation, and the increase of MMP level detected after 4-PBA treatment indicated an inhibitory effect of 4-PBA on cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ER stress in OA. In conclusion, we indicate that ER stress causes cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, resulting in the tissue damage within OA. At the same time, 4-PBA exhibited protective effect on cartilage cells against OA through the inhibition of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hua Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Shuang Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Ru Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qing Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Fei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Hamacher J, Hadizamani Y, Borgmann M, Mohaupt M, Männel DN, Moehrlen U, Lucas R, Stammberger U. Cytokine-Ion Channel Interactions in Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1644. [PMID: 29354115 PMCID: PMC5758508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs conceptually represent a sponge that is interposed in series in the bodies’ systemic circulation to take up oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. As such, it matches the huge surface areas of the alveolar epithelium to the pulmonary blood capillaries. The lung’s constant exposure to the exterior necessitates a competent immune system, as evidenced by the association of clinical immunodeficiencies with pulmonary infections. From the in utero to the postnatal and adult situation, there is an inherent vital need to manage alveolar fluid reabsorption, be it postnatally, or in case of hydrostatic or permeability edema. Whereas a wealth of literature exists on the physiological basis of fluid and solute reabsorption by ion channels and water pores, only sparse knowledge is available so far on pathological situations, such as in microbial infection, acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in the pulmonary reimplantation response in transplanted lungs. The aim of this review is to discuss alveolar liquid clearance in a selection of lung injury models, thereby especially focusing on cytokines and mediators that modulate ion channels. Inflammation is characterized by complex and probably time-dependent co-signaling, interactions between the involved cell types, as well as by cell demise and barrier dysfunction, which may not uniquely determine a clinical picture. This review, therefore, aims to give integrative thoughts and wants to foster the unraveling of unmet needs in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Hamacher
- Internal Medicine and Pneumology, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine V - Pneumology, Allergology, Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Lungen- und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Internal Medicine and Pneumology, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Lungen- und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Borgmann
- Internal Medicine and Pneumology, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Lungen- und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mohaupt
- Internal Medicine, Sonnenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Paediatric Visceral Surgery, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Uz Stammberger
- Lungen- und Atmungsstiftung Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhu W, Qiu W, Lu A. Cryptotanshinone exhibits therapeutical effects on cerebral stroke through the PI3K/AKT‑eNOS signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9361-9366. [PMID: 29152647 PMCID: PMC5779989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a kind of acute cerebrovascular disease with high incidence, morbidity and disability. Treatments against various types of cerebral stroke are limited at preventive measurements due to the lack of effective therapeutic method. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of cryptotanshinone (CPT) on cerebral stroke, and investigate the possible mechanism involved in order to develop a novel therapy against stoke. The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase membrane translocation of cerebral stroke rats pretreated with CPT at various concentrations were measured, as well as the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Additionally, the expression level of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) and vascular endothelial growth factor were also assessed using western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, biochemical tests were used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in both the cerebral cortex and peripheral blood. As a result, CPT‑pretreated rats presented declined phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) and AKT expression levels, indicating that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited. Increased Bcl‑2 and NO levels in both the cerebral cortex and peripheral blood demonstrated the anti‑apoptosis and blood vessel protection effect of CPT. Furthermore, increased SOD activity and declined MDA levels demonstrated suppressed lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, CPT exhibited a protective effect against cerebral stroke through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT‑eNOS signaling pathway. These results suggested the potential of CPT as a promising agent in the treatment of cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321001, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321001, P.R. China
| | - Ailan Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321001, P.R. China
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Freitas SH, Dória RGS, Bueno RS, Rocha WB, Filho JRE, Moraes JRE, Vidane AS, Ambrósio CE. Evaluation of potential changes in liver and lung tissue of rats in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model (modified pringle maneuver). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178665. [PMID: 28604841 PMCID: PMC5467837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In surgical procedures involving the liver, such as transplantation, resection, and trauma, a temporary occlusion of hepatic vessels may be required. This study was designed to analyze the lesions promoted by ischemia and reperfusion injury of the hepatic pedicle, in the liver and lung, using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. In total, 39 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C n = 3) and ischemia groups subjected to 10, 20, and 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle clamping (I10, n = 12; I20, n = 12; I30, n = 12). Each ischemia group was subdivided into four subgroups of reperfusion (R15, n = 3; R30, n = 3; R60, n = 3; R120, n = 3), after 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes of reperfusion, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the liver parenchyma (P < 0.05) between the values of microvesicles and hydropic degeneration at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. However, the values of vascular congestion, necrosis, and pyknotic nuclei showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). In the lung parenchyma, a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the values of alveolar septal wall thickening and inflammatory infiltration at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. However, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the values of vascular congestion, bronchial epithelial degeneration, interstitial edema, and hemorrhage. The positive immunoreactivity of caspase-3 protein in the liver parenchyma (indication of ongoing apoptosis), showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. In the pulmonary parenchyma, the immunoreactivity was not specific, and was not quantified. This study demonstrated that the longer the duration of ischemia and reperfusion, the greater are the morphological lesions found in the hepatic and pulmonary parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Henrique Freitas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cuiaba, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G. S. Dória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel S. Bueno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William B. Rocha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cuiaba, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jair R. E. Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julieta R. E. Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E. Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Umeno A, Biju V, Yoshida Y. In vivo ROS production and use of oxidative stress-derived biomarkers to detect the onset of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:413-427. [PMID: 28372523 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1315114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in biochemistry have furthered our understanding of the onset and progression of various diseases, and have advanced the development of new therapeutics. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous in biological systems. ROS can be formed non-enzymatically by chemical, photochemical and electron transfer reactions, or as the byproducts of endogenous enzymatic reactions, phagocytosis, and inflammation. Imbalances in ROS homeostasis, caused by impairments in antioxidant enzymes or non-enzymatic antioxidant networks, increase oxidative stress, leading to the deleterious oxidation and chemical modification of biomacromolecules such as lipids, DNA, and proteins. While many ROS are intracellular signaling messengers and most products of oxidative metabolisms are beneficial for normal cellular function, the elevation of ROS levels by light, hyperglycemia, peroxisomes, and certain enzymes causes oxidative stress-sensitive signaling, toxicity, oncogenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Although the underlying mechanisms of these diseases are manifold, oxidative stress caused by ROS is a major contributing factor in their onset. This review summarizes the relationship between ROS and oxidative stress, with special reference to recent advancements in the detection of biomarkers related to oxidative stress. Further, we will introduce biomarkers for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, with a focus on our recent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Umeno
- a Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Takamatsu , Kagawa , Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- a Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Takamatsu , Kagawa , Japan.,b Laboratory of Molecular Photonics, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10 , Kita Ward, Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- a Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Takamatsu , Kagawa , Japan
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Bystrom P, Foley N, Toledo-Pereyra L, Quesnelle K. Ischemic preconditioning modulates ROS to confer protection in liver ischemia and reperfusion. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:483-496. [PMID: 28694752 PMCID: PMC5491905 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation. When oxygen is reintroduced to the liver graft it initiates a cascade of molecular reactions leading to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These soluble mediators propagate a sterile immune response to cause significant tissue damage. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is one method that reduces hepatocellular injury by altering the immune response and inhibiting the production of ROS. Studies quantifying the effects of IPC in humans have demonstrated an improved liver enzyme panel in patients receiving grafts pretreated with IPC as compared to patients receiving the standard of care. In our review, we explore current literature in the field in order to describe the mechanism through which IPC regulates the production of ROS and improves IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bystrom
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Nicole Foley
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Luis Toledo-Pereyra
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine Department of Surgery
| | - Kelly Quesnelle
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences
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Lin H, Huang Q, Guo X, Liu P, Liu W, Zou Y, Zhu S, Deng G, Kuang J, Zhang C, Cao H, Hu G. Elevated level of renal xanthine oxidase mRNA transcription after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in growing layers. J Vet Sci 2016; 16:423-9. [PMID: 26119168 PMCID: PMC4701734 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess relationships between xanthine oxidase (XOD) and nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) infection, 240 growing layers (35 days old) were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control) of 120 chickens each. Each chicken in the control and infected group was intranasally inoculated with 0.2 mL sterile physiological saline and virus, respectively, after which serum antioxidant parameters and renal XOD mRNA expression in growing layers were evaluated at 8, 15 and 22 days post-inoculation (dpi). The results showed that serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in the infected group were significantly lower than in the control group at 8 and 15 dpi (p < 0.01), while serum malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01). The serum uric acid was significantly higher than that of the control group at 15 dpi (p < 0.01). In addition, the kidney mRNA transcript level and serum activity of XOD in the infected group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 8, 15 and 22 dpi (p < 0.05). The results indicated that NIBV infection could cause the increases of renal XOD gene transcription and serum XOD activity, leading to hyperuricemia and reduction of antioxidants in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Lin
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Qiqi Huang
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Weilian Liu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Yuelong Zou
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Shuliang Zhu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Guangfu Deng
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Jun Kuang
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Clinical Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi 330029, China
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Al-Khafaji AB, Tohme S, Yazdani HO, Miller D, Huang H, Tsung A. Superoxide induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR-4 and NOX-dependent mechanism. Mol Med 2016; 22:621-631. [PMID: 27453505 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the early innate immune response to perceived infectious and sterile threats. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are a novel mechanism to counter pathogenic invasion and sequelae of ischemia including cell death and oxidative stress. Superoxide is a radical intermediate of oxygen metabolism produced by parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells, and is a hallmark of oxidative stress after liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). While extracellular superoxide recruits neutrophils to the liver and initiates sterile inflammatory injury, it is unknown whether superoxide induces the formation of NETs. We hypothesize that superoxide induces NET formation through a signaling cascade involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and neutrophil NADPH Oxidase (NOX). We treated neutrophils with extracellular superoxide and observed NET DNA release, histone H3 citrullination, and increased levels of MPO-DNA complexes occurring in a TLR-4 dependent manner. Inhibition of superoxide generation by Allopurinol and inhibition of NOX by diphenyleneiodonium prevented NET formation. When mice were subjected to warm liver I/R, we found significant NET formation associated with liver necrosis and increased serum ALT in TLR-4 WT, but not TLR-4 KO mice. To reduce circulating superoxide we pretreated mice undergoing I/R with Allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine, which resulted in decreased NETs and ameliorated liver injury. Our study demonstrates a requirement for TLR-4 and NOX in superoxide-induced NETs, and suggests involvement of superoxide-induced NETs in pathophysiologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Al-Khafaji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hamza Obaid Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lin H, Chen Y, Huang Q, Guo X, Liu P, Liu W, Zhang C, Cao H, Hu G. Prokaryotic expression of the chicken xanthine oxidase (XOD) subunit and its localization in liver and kidney. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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YAN YICHAO, LI GUANGYING, TIAN XIAOFENG, YE YINGJIANG, GAO ZHIDONG, YAO JIHONG, ZHANG FENG, WANG SHAN. Ischemic preconditioning increases GSK-3β/β-catenin levels and ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1625-32. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ischemic preconditioning protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via heme oxygenase-1-mediated autophagy. Crit Care Med 2015; 42:e762-71. [PMID: 25402296 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic preconditioning exerts a protective effect in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The exact mechanism of ischemic preconditioning action remains largely unknown. Recent studies suggest that autophagy plays an important role in protecting against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the role of autophagy in ischemic preconditioning-afforded protection and its regulatory mechanisms in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury remain poorly understood. This study was designed to determine whether ischemic preconditioning could protect against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury via heme oxygenase-1-mediated autophagy. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. SETTING University animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male inbred Lewis rats and C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Ischemic preconditioning was produced by 10 minutes of ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion prior to 60 minutes of ischemia. In a rat model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, rats were pretreated with wortmannin or rapamycin to evaluate the contribution of autophagy to the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning. Heme oxygenase-1 was inhibited with tin protoporphyrin IX. In a mouse model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, autophagy or heme oxygenase-1 was inhibited with vacuolar protein sorting 34 small interfering RNA or heme oxygenase-1 small interfering RNA, respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ischemic preconditioning ameliorated liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, as indicated by lower serum aminotransferase levels, lower hepatic inflammatory cytokines, and less severe ischemia/reperfusion-associated histopathologic changes. Ischemic preconditioning treatment induced autophagy activation, as indicated by an increase of LC3-II, degradation of p62, and accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury. When ischemic preconditioning-induced autophagy was inhibited with wortmannin in rats or vacuolar protein sorting 34-specific small interfering RNA in mice, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury was worsened, whereas rapamycin treatment increased autophagy and mimicked the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning. Furthermore, ischemic preconditioning increased heme oxygenase-1 expression. The inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 with tin protoporphyrin IX in rats or heme oxygenase-1-specific small interfering RNA in mice decreased ischemic preconditioning-induced autophagy and diminished the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning against ischemia/reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic preconditioning protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, at least in part, via heme oxygenase-1-mediated autophagy.
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A novel form of the human manganese superoxide dismutase protects rat and human livers undergoing ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:527-37. [PMID: 24754522 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction due to cold storage and warm reperfusion (CS+WR) injury during liver transplantation is partly mediated by oxidative stress and may lead to graft dysfunction. This is especially relevant when steatotic donors are considered. Using primary cultured liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), liver grafts from healthy and steatotic rats, and human liver samples, we aimed to characterize the effects of a new recombinant form of human manganese superoxide dismutase (rMnSOD) on hepatic CS+WR injury. After CS+WR, the liver endothelium exhibited accumulation of superoxide anion (O2-) and diminished levels of nitric oxide (NO); these detrimental effects were prevented by rMnSOD. CS+WR control and steatotic rat livers exhibited markedly deteriorated microcirculation and acute endothelial dysfunction, together with liver damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and low NO. rMnSOD markedly blunted oxidative stress, which was associated with a global improvement in liver damage and microcirculatory derangements. The addition of rMnSOD to CS solution maintained its antioxidant capability, protecting rat and human liver tissues. In conclusion, rMnSOD represents a new and highly effective therapy to significantly upgrade liver procurement for transplantation.
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Pathophysiology of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase: New emerging roles for a multi-tasking enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1502-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu Q, Izamis ML, Xu H, Berendsen T, Yarmush M, Uygun K. Strategies to rescue steatotic livers before transplantation in clinical and experimental studies. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4638-4650. [PMID: 23922462 PMCID: PMC3732837 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor livers has led to an increased use of organs from expanded criteria donors. Included are livers with steatosis, a metabolic abnormality that increases the likelihood of graft complications post-transplantation. After a brief introduction on the etiology, pathophysiology, categories and experimental models of hepatic steatosis, we herein review the methods to rescue steatotic donor livers before transplantation applied in clinical and experimental studies. The methods span the spectrum of encouraging donor weight loss, employing drug therapy, heat shock preconditioning, ischemia preconditioning and selective anesthesia on donors, and the treatment on isolated grafts during preservation. These methods work at different stages of transplantation process, although share similar molecular mechanisms including lipid metabolism stimulation through enzymes or nuclear receptor e.g., peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor, or anti-inflammation through suppressing cytokines e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, or antioxidant therapies to alleviate oxidative stress. This similarity of molecular mechanisms implies possible future attempts to reinforce each approach by repeating the same treatment approach at several stages of procurement and preservation, as well as utilizing these alternative approaches in tandem.
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Jaeschke H, Woolbright BL. Current strategies to minimize hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting reactive oxygen species. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:103-14. [PMID: 22459037 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion is a major component of injury in vascular occlusion both during liver surgery and during liver transplantation. The pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion includes a number of mechanisms including oxidant stress that contribute to various degrees to the overall organ damage. A large volume of recent research has focused on the use of antioxidants to ameliorate this injury, although results in experimental models have not translated well to the clinic. This review focuses on critical sources and mediators of oxidative stress during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, the status of current antioxidant interventions, and emerging mechanisms of protection by preconditioning. While recent advances in regulation of antioxidant systems by Nrf2 provide interesting new potential therapeutic targets, an increased focus must be placed on more in-depth mechanistic investigations in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and translational research in order to refine current strategies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Stadlbauer V, Stiegler P, Taeubl P, Sereinigg M, Puntschart A, Bradatsch A, Curcic P, Seifert-Held T, Zmugg G, Stojakovic T, Leopold B, Blattl D, Horki V, Mayrhauser U, Wiederstein-Grasser I, Leber B, Jürgens G, Tscheliessnigg K, Hallström S. Energy status of pig donor organs after ischemia is independent of donor type. J Surg Res 2012; 180:356-67. [PMID: 22682714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature is controversial whether organs from living donors have a better graft function than brain dead (BD) and non-heart-beating donor organs. Success of transplantation has been correlated with high-energy phosphate (HEP) contents of the graft. METHODS HEP contents in heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas from living, BD, and donation after cardiac death in a pig model (n=6 per donor type) were evaluated systematically. BD was induced under general anesthesia by inflating a balloon in the epidural space. Ten hours after confirmation, organs were retrieved. Cardiac arrest was induced by 9V direct current. After 10min of ventricular fibrillation without cardiac output, mechanical and medical reanimation was performed for 30min before organ retrieval. In living donors, organs were explanted immediately. Freeze-clamped biopsies were taken before perfusion with Celsior solution (heart) or University of Wisconsin solution (abdominal organs) in BD and living donors or with Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutaric solution (all organs) in non-heart-beating donors, after perfusion, and after cold ischemia (4h for heart, 6h for liver and pancreas, and 12h for kidney). HEPs (adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and phosphocreatine), xanthine, and hypoxanthine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Energy charge and adenosine triphosphate-to-adenosine diphosphate ratio were calculated. RESULTS After ischemia, organs from different donor types showed no difference in energy status. In all organs, a decrease of HEP and an increase in hypoxanthine contents were observed during perfusion and ischemia, irrespective of the donor type. CONCLUSION Organs from BD or non-heart-beating donors do not differ from living donor organs in their energy status after average tolerable ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Systemic administration of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:1279-90. [PMID: 22336724 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31823dae23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells have previously been shown to offer significant therapeutic benefit in ischemic organ injuries. This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic role of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN Adult male Fisher rats (n = 30) were equally divided into three groups (group 1: Sham-operated normal controls; group 2: Ischemia-reperfusion injury with intravenous fresh culture medium; group 3: Ischemia-reperfusion injury with intravenous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells). Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by occluding the vascular supplies of left lobe liver for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for 72 hrs. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (1.2 × 106) were administered through tail vein immediately after reperfusion and at 6 hrs and 24 hrs after reperfusion in group 3. All animals were sacrificed 72 hrs after reperfusion. SETTING Animal laboratory at a medical institute. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Histologic features, plasma aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic cytokine profile, oxidative stress, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling were analyzed. Seventy-two hrs after reperfusion, plasma aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic oxidative stress, messenger RNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, transforming growth factor-b, interleukin-1b, interleukin-6, endothelin-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Bax and caspase-3, protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule as well as the number of apoptotic nuclei were significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 3, whereas messenger RNA expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2, interleukin-10, protein expressions of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and heme oxygenase-1 were lower in group 2 than group 3. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that systemic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell administration significantly preserved hepatocyte integrity and suppressed inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in a rodent model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Yun N, Kim SH, Lee SM. Differential consequences of protein kinase C activation during early and late hepatic ischemic preconditioning. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:199-209. [PMID: 22359070 PMCID: PMC10717168 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-012-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the protection of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), but the exact role of PKC in early and late hepatic IPC is still unclear. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the differential role of PKC during early and late hepatic IPC. Rats were subjected to 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 3 (early IPC) and 24 h (late IPC) of reperfusion. IPC was induced by 10 min of ischemia following 10 min of reperfusion prior to sustained ischemia, and chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, was injected 10 min before IPC (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Chelerythrine abrogated the protection of early IPC, as indicated by increased serum aminotransferase activities and decreased hepatic glutathione content. While the IPC-treated group showed a few apoptotic cell deaths during both phases, chelerythrine attenuated these changes only at late IPC and limited IPC-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression. Membrane translocation of PKC-δ and -ε during IPC was blocked by chelerythrine. Our results suggest that PKC might play a differential role in early and late IPC; activation of PKC-δ and -ε prevents necrosis in early IPC through preservation of redox state and prevents apoptosis in late IPC with iNOS and HO-1 induction. Therefore, PKC represents a promising target for hepatocyte tolerance to ischemic injury, and understanding the differential role of PKC in early and late IPC is important for clinical application of IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Yun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746 Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746 Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746 Korea
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Park JB, Joh JW, Kim SJ, Kwon CHD, Chun JM, Kim JM, Moon JI, Lee SK. Effect of intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion with the Pringle maneuver during donor hepatectomy in adult living donor liver transplantation with right hemiliver grafts: a prospective, randomized controlled study. Liver Transpl 2012; 18:129-37. [PMID: 21837746 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion (IHIO) during donor hepatectomy for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in recipients and donors, we performed a single-center, open-label, prospective, parallel, randomized controlled study. Adult donor-recipient pairs undergoing LDLT with right hemiliver grafts were randomized into IHIO and control groups (1:1). In the IHIO group, IHIO was performed during donor hepatectomy. The primary endpoint was the peak serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration in the recipients within 5 days after the operation. Blood samples for measurements of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were taken from the donors and the recipients during the operation and postoperatively. Biopsy samples for measurements of caspase-3 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were taken from the donors and the recipients. In all, 50 donor-recipient pairs (ie, 25 pairs in each group) completed this study. The mean peak serum ALT levels within 5 days after the operation did not differ in the recipients between the 2 groups (P = 0.32) but were higher in the donors of the IHIO group (P = 0.002). There were no differences in the prothrombin times or total bilirubin levels in the recipients or donors between the 2 groups. The amount of blood loss during donor hepatectomy was significantly lower in the IHIO group versus the control group (P = 0.02). The mean hospital stay for donors was 19.3 ± 7.2 days in the control group and 15.8 ± 4.6 days in the IHIO group (P = 0.046). There were no in-hospital deaths within 1 month and no cases of primary nonfunction or initially poor function in the 2 groups. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and HGF did not differ between the 2 groups, nor did the concentrations of caspase-3 and MDA. In conclusion, although we found differences in postoperative peak serum ALT levels in donors, donor hepatectomy with IHIO for LDLT using a right hemiliver graft with a graft-to-recipient body weight ratio > 0.9% and <30% steatosis can be a tolerable procedure for donors and recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Zhang Y, Du Y, Le W, Wang K, Kieffer N, Zhang J. Redox control of the survival of healthy and diseased cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2867-908. [PMID: 21457107 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Cellular redox homeostasis is the first line of defense against diverse stimuli and is crucial for various biological processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), byproducts of numerous cellular events, may serve in turn as signaling molecules to regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, when overproduced ROS fail to be scavenged by the antioxidant system, they may damage cellular components, giving rise to senescent, degenerative, or fatal lesions in cells. Accordingly, this review not only covers general mechanisms of ROS production under different conditions, but also focuses on various types of ROS-involved diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In addition, potentially therapeutic agents and approaches are reviewed in a relatively comprehensive manner. However, due to the complexity of ROS and their cellular impacts, we believe that the goal to design more effective approaches or agents may require a better understanding of mechanisms of ROS production, particularly their multifaceted impacts in disease at biochemical, molecular, genetic, and epigenetic levels. Thus, it requires additional tools of omics in systems biology to achieve such a goal. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 2867-2908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
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Coriat R, Leconte M, Kavian N, Bedda S, Nicco C, Chereau C, Goulvestre C, Weill B, Laurent A, Batteux F. Mangafodipir protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27005. [PMID: 22073237 PMCID: PMC3206884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim Mangafodipir is a contrast agent used in magnetic resonance imaging that concentrates in the liver and displays pleiotropic antioxidant properties. Since reactive oxygen species are involved in ischemia-reperfusion damages, we hypothesized that the use of mangafodipir could prevent liver lesions in a mouse model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. Mangafodipir (MnDPDP) was compared to ischemic preconditioning and intermittent inflow occlusion for the prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse. Methods Mice were subjected to 70% hepatic ischemia (continuous ischemia) for 90 min. Thirty minutes before the ischemic period, either mangafodipir (10 mg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally. Those experimental groups were compared with one group of mice preconditioned by 10 minutes' ischemia followed by 15 minutes' reperfusion, and one group with intermittent inflow occlusion. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury was evaluated by measurement of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) activity, histologic analysis of the livers, and determination of hepatocyte apoptosis (cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activity). The effect of mangafodipir on the survival rate of mice was studied in a model of total hepatic ischemia. Results Mangafodipir prevented experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injuries in the mouse as indicated by a reduction in serum ASAT activity (P<0.01), in liver tissue damages, in markers of apoptosis (P<0.01), and by higher rates of survival in treated than in untreated animals (P<0.001). The level of protection by mangafodipir was similar to that observed following intermittent inflow occlusion and higher than after ischemic preconditioning. Conclusions Mangafodipir is a potential new preventive treatment for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Coriat
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Service d'hépatogastroentérologie, Université Paris Descartes,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Mahaut Leconte
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Niloufar Kavian
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie biologique Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Sassia Bedda
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Chereau
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Claire Goulvestre
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie biologique Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Weill
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, EA1833 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie biologique Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Novel role of NADPH oxidase in ischemic myocardium: a study with Nox2 knockout mice. Funct Integr Genomics 2011; 12:501-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-011-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Codoñer-Franch P, Muñiz P, Gasco E, Domingo JV, Valls-Belles V. Effect of a Diet Supplemented with alpha-Tocopherol and beta-Carotene on ATP and Antioxidant Levels after Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 43:13-8. [PMID: 18648654 PMCID: PMC2459247 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice. In the present study the effect of intake of α-tocopherol or β-carotene to limit liver injury by oxidative stress in ischemia and reperfusion was explored. Wistar rats were fed with diets enriched with α-tocopherol (20 mg/day) or β-carotene (3 mg/day) for 21 days. After 21 days, their livers were subjected to 15 and 30 min of ischemia and afterwards were reperfused for 60 min. The recovery of levels of ATP during reperfusion was better in the group of rats whose diets were supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-carotene than in the group control. The supplementation of the diet induced changes in the profile of enzymatic antioxidants. The supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene resulted in a decreased of superoxide dismutase during the ischemia and a recovery was observed after reperfusion. Not changes were observed for the enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione but their values were higher to those of the group control. In conclusion, the supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene improve the antioxidant and energetic state of liver after ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Departamento de Pediatría, Ginecología y Obstetricia. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury still represents an important cause of morbidity following hepatic surgery and limits the use of marginal livers in hepatic transplantation. Transient blood flow interruption followed by reperfusion protects tissues against damage induced by subsequent I/R. This process known as ischemic preconditioning (IP) depends upon intrinsic cytoprotective systems whose activation can inhibit the progression of irreversible tissue damage. Compared to other organs, liver IP has additional features as it reduces inflammation and promotes hepatic regeneration. Our present understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in liver IP is still largely incomplete. Experimental studies have shown that the protective effects of liver IP are triggered by the release of adenosine and nitric oxide and the subsequent activation of signal networks involving protein kinases such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C δ/ε and p38 MAP kinase, and transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. This article offers an overview of the molecular events underlying the preconditioning effects in the liver and points to the possibility of developing pharmacological approaches aimed at activating the intrinsic protective systems in patients undergoing liver surgery.
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Wu C, Wang P, Rao J, Wang Z, Zhang C, Lu L, Zhang F. Triptolide alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting NF-κB activity in mice. J Surg Res 2010; 166:e205-13. [PMID: 21227469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic I/R injury is unavoidable in liver transplantation and surgery. This remains a significant problem in surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of triptolide on liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and related mechanisms in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four groups: (1) sham group; (2) sham-triptolide group; (3) I/R group; and (4) I-R/triptolide group. Ninety minutes of warm ischemia was induced and flow by 24 h reperfusion. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were assayed, pathologic alterations and (NF)-κB p65 immunohistochemistry were observed. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level, activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and activity of neutrophil accumulation marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA were detected by RT-PCR, whereas nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and IκBα were assessed with Western blotting. RESULTS Plasma aminotransferase activity was higher in the I/R group than in the I/R-triptolide group. MDA level and neutrophil infiltration were also markedly reduced, while SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels increased in I/R-triptolide group compared with I/R group. In group 4, histopathologic changes were significantly attenuated in triptolide-treated livers. In comparison with group 3, triptolide reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear and IκBα expression, and effectively suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine level during the I/R. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that triptolide has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanisms might be related to reduction of oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration and inhibition NF-κB p65 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxing Wu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, China
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Métrailler-Ruchonnet I, Pagano A, Carnesecchi S, Khatib K, Herrera P, Donati Y, Bron C, Barazzone C. Bcl-2 overexpression in type II epithelial cells does not prevent hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L312-22. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00212.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic molecule preventing oxidative stress damage and cell death. We have previously shown that Bcl-2 is able to prevent hyperoxia-induced cell death when overexpressed in a murine fibrosarcoma cell line L929. We hypothesized that its specific overexpression in pulmonary epithelial type II cells could prevent hyperoxia-induced lung injury by protecting the epithelial side of the alveolo-capillary barrier. In the present work, we first showed that in vitro Bcl-2 can rescue murine pulmonary epithelial cells (MLE12) from oxygen-induced cell apoptosis, as shown by analysis of LDH release, annexin V/propidium staining, and caspase-3 activity. We then generated transgenic mice overexpressing specifically Bcl-2 in lung epithelial type II cells under surfactant protein C (SP-C) promoter (Tg-Bcl-2) and exposed them to hyperoxia. Bcl-2 did not hinder hyperoxia-induced mitochondria and DNA oxidative damage of type II cell in vivo. Accordingly, lung damage was identical in both Tg-Bcl-2 and littermate mice strains, as measured by lung weight, bronchoalveolar lavage, and protein content. Nevertheless, we observed a significant lower number of TUNEL-positive cells in type II cells isolated from Tg-Bcl-2 mice exposed to hyperoxia compared with cells isolated from littermate mice. In summary, these results show that although Bcl-2 overexpression is able to prevent hyperoxia-induced cell death at single cell level in vitro and ex vivo, it is not sufficient to prevent cell death of parenchymal cells and to protect the lung from acute damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Pagano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et en Oncopharmacologie, Université Aix-Marseille, France; and
| | - Stéphanie Carnesecchi
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Khatib
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Donati
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camille Bron
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Constance Barazzone
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor improves lung function after rat lung transplantation--potential role for a reduction in reactive oxygen species generation. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:871-8. [PMID: 20081530 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181cdf725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor, mimicked by the TIP peptide, can improve lung function after unilateral orthotopic lung isotransplantation. Because of a lack of a specific treatment for ischemia reperfusion-mediated lung injury, accompanied by a disrupted barrier integrity and a dysfunctional alveolar liquid clearance, alternative therapies restoring these parameters after lung transplantation are required. DESIGN Prospective, randomized laboratory investigation. SETTING University-affiliated laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult female rats. INTERVENTIONS Tuberoinfundibular peptide, mimicking the lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor, mutant TIP peptide, N,N'-diacetylchitobiose/TIP peptide, and amiloride/TIP peptide were instilled intratracheally in the left lung immediately before the isotransplantation was performed. An additional group received an intravenous TIP peptide treatment, 1.5 mins before transplantation. Studies using isolated rat type II alveolar epithelial cell monolayers and ovine pulmonary endothelial cells were also performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Intratracheal pretreatment of the transplantable left lung with the TIP peptide, but not with an inactive mutant TIP peptide, resulted in significantly improved oxygenation 24 hrs after transplantation. This treatment led to a significantly reduced neutrophil content in the lavage fluid. Both the effects on oxygenation and neutrophil infiltration were inhibited by the epithelial sodium channel blocker amiloride. The TIP peptide blunted reactive oxygen species production in pulmonary artery endothelial cells under hypoxia and reoxygenation and reduced reactive oxygen species content in the transplanted rat lungs in vivo. Ussing chamber experiments using monolayers of primary type II rat pneumocytes indicated that the primary site of action of the peptide was on the apical side of these cells. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the TIP peptide significantly improves lung function after lung transplantation in the rat, in part, by reducing neutrophil content and reactive oxygen species generation. These studies suggest that the TIP peptide is a potential therapeutic agent against the ischemia reperfusion injury associated with lung transplantation.
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Tacchini L, Cairo G, De Ponti C, Massip M, Rosellò-Catafau J, Peralta C. Up regulation of IL-6 by ischemic preconditioning in normal and fatty rat livers: Association with reduction of oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:1206-17. [PMID: 17050174 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600885432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the role of IL-6 in the protection that ischemic preconditioning (IP) exerts against hepatic ischemia reperfusion-mediated (I/R) oxidative damage, particularly in fatty livers. IP-related IL-6 up-regulation during reperfusion in steatotic and non-steatotic livers was correlated with reduced indices of liver damage, as also demonstrated by pharmacological modulation of IL-6. IP activated NF-kB and HSF during ischemia (Isc), whereas AP-1 activity was unaffected. IP blunted the activation of STAT3 and stress-responsive genes, such as NF-kB, AP-1 and heme oxygenase (HO-1) during reperfusion. The role of reduced oxidative stress in hepatoprotection of fatty livers was further demonstrated by the fact that: (i) IP prevented the decrease of glutathione levels and the increase of lipid peroxidation; (ii) the anti-oxidant GSH-ester prevented lipid peroxidation and necrosis. In conclusion, IP modulates the activity of transcription factors and triggers IL-6 production; this may prevent hepatic I/R damage in a oxidative stress-dependent way, particularly in fatty livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Tacchini
- Institute of General Pathology, University of Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Liu YX, Jin LM, Zhou L, Xie HY, Jiang GP, Wang Y, Feng XW, Chen H, Yan S, Zheng SS. Mycophenolate mofetil attenuates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transpl Int 2009; 22:747-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Giovanardi RO, Rhoden EL, Cerski CT, Salvador M, Kalil AN. Ischemic preconditioning protects the pig liver by preserving the mitochondrial structure and downregulating caspase-3 activity. J INVEST SURG 2009; 22:88-97. [PMID: 19283610 DOI: 10.1080/08941930802712995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DATA The beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) have been described. However, the way in which IPC causes the changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure seen in hepatic I/RI is not well understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to determine whether IPC protects the liver from changes in mitochondrial structure and caspase 3 activity in the early phase of post-ischemic injury. METHODS A pig model consisting of 90 min of hepatic ischemia and 180 min of reperfusion was employed. Eighteen female pigs were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, non-preconditioned, and ischemic preconditioned (10 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion). Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as bile flow, were measured. Liver biopsies were taken after reperfusion for histological, immunohistochemical (anti-caspase 3), and ultrastructural examinations. RESULTS The IPC procedure increased bile flow (p < 0.01), reduced serum AST level (p < 0.01), and reduced serum concentration of TBARS at 180 min of reperfusion (p = 0.05). Ischemic-preconditioned liver cells had less caspase 3 activity than the non-preconditioning group (p < 0.01), and changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure were reduced (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION IPC exerts a powerful protective effect against hepatic I/RI in the early phase of reperfusion, which may be mediated by preservation of mitochondrial structure and inhibition of caspase-3 activity.
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A randomized controlled trial on pharmacological preconditioning in liver surgery using a volatile anesthetic. Ann Surg 2009; 248:909-18. [PMID: 19092335 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31818f3dda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of pharmacological preconditioning with a volatile anesthetic in patients undergoing liver resection with inflow occlusion. BACKGROUND In liver surgery, ischemic preconditioning and intermittent clamping are the only established protective strategies to reduce tissue damage due to ischemia during inflow occlusion. Preconditioning with volatile anesthetics has provided protection against cardiac and renal ischemic injury in several animal models through NO and HO-1 pathways. But pharmacological preconditioning has never been tested in patients undergoing liver surgery in a randomized trial. METHODS Sixty-four patients undergoing liver surgery with inflow occlusion were randomized intraoperatively for preconditioning with sevoflurane or not (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00516711). Anesthesia was performed intravenously with propofol. Thirty minutes before inflow occlusion propofol was replaced by sevoflurane in the preconditioning group. Primary endpoint was postoperative liver injury assessed by peak values of liver transaminases. Postoperative complications were recorded according to an established scoring system. RESULTS Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly limited the postoperative increase of serum transaminase levels by 261 U/L (95% CI, 65 to 458; P = 0.01) for the ALT and by 239 (95% CI, -2 to 480; P = 0.05) for the AST corresponding to decreases of baseline levels of 35% and 31%, respectively. Patients with steatosis had an even better benefit than patients without steatosis. The rates of any complication (risk ratio 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.85; P = 0.006) and of severe complications requiring invasive procedures (risk ratio 0.25; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.08; P = 0.05) were also lowered by preconditioning. CONCLUSION This first randomized trial of pharmacological preconditioning in liver surgery in humans showed a protective effect of preconditioning with volatile anesthetics. This strategy may provide a new and easily applicable therapeutic option to protect the liver and to lower complication rates.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clinical and basic science studies have indicated that ROS/RNS formation processes are intimately linked to the development of the inflammatory disorders. The detrimental effects of highly reactive ROS/RNS are mediated by their direct actions on biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and activation of proinflammatory signal cascades, which subsequently lead to activation of immune responses. The present article summarizes the possible sources of ROS/RNS formation and the detailed signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation, as observed in acute and chronic pancreatitis. A therapeutic ROS/RNS-scavenging strategy has been advocated for decades; however, clinical studies examining such approaches have been inconsistent in their results. Emerging evidence indicates that pancreatitis-inducing ROS/RNS generation may be attenuated by targeting ROS/RNS-generating enzymes and upstream mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Sing Leung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Ghosh S, Baumann J, Falusi B, Bogár L, Roth E, Gál J. [Hemodynamic effects of N-acetylcysteine and ischemic preconditioning in a liver ischemia-reperfusion model]. Orv Hetil 2008; 149:2245-9. [PMID: 19004747 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2008.28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the study was to investigate whether repeated ischemic preconditioning or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents ischemic-reperfusion injury as determined by having favourable hemodynamic effects during reperfusion in canine livers. METHODS The control group ( n = 10) underwent 60 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by 180 minutes reperfusion. In the NAC group ( n = 5) 150 mg kg -1 of NAC was administered intravenously before inducing ischemia. In the preconditioned group ( n = 5) animals received ischemic preconditioning (10 minutes of ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion repeated three times) before clamping the portal triad. RESULTS 18 dogs survived the study period. One dog in the NAC group died due to circulatory failure unresponsive to inotropic drugs. The cardiac index and the intrathoracic blood volume index were significantly higher in the preconditioning group compared to the controls throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Repeated ischemic preconditioning might improve hemodynamic parameters, whereas we were unable to find any significant differences between the groups regarding N-acetylcysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamay Ghosh
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Klinika, Budapest.
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Chan KC, Lin CJ, Lee PH, Chen CF, Lai YL, Sun WZ, Cheng YJ. Propofol attenuates the decrease of dynamic compliance and water content in the lung by decreasing oxidative radicals released from the reperfused liver. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1284-9. [PMID: 18806041 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318181f4e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote pulmonary injuries after hepatic reperfusion are frequently caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. The choice of anesthetics may affect the balance between oxidants and antioxidants, and propofol, a commonly used anesthetic, has an antioxidant effect. In this study, we developed a model to study pulmonary function with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) manipulation, with the aim of defining remote pulmonary dysfunction after hepatic reperfusion and determining if propofol affects this dysfunction by altering ROS production from the liver or lungs. METHODS Adult male rats weighing 160-250 g were randomly divided into four groups according to the type of surgery (sham or I/R) and the anesthetic administered (pentobarbital or propofol). To induce I/R, the portal vein and hepatic artery to the left and medial lobes of the liver were clamped. All of the measurements were done after 5 h of reperfusion, after 45 min of ischemia. Pulmonary function after hepatic I/R was determined by dynamic compliance, resistance and wet-to-dry ratio, and by histopathology. Hepato-cellular injuries were confirmed by alanine aminotransferase, whereas ROS production was measured from the inferior vena cava, jugular vein, and carotid artery. Products of lipid peroxidation, thiobarbiturate acid reactive substances and malondialdehyde, were measured in lung and hepatic tissues. RESULTS Remote lung injury after hepatic I/R was shown by a significant decrease of Cdyn, and increases in resistance and the wet-to-dry ratio. ROS production was significantly increased and was highest in samples from the inferior vena cava. Thiobarbiturate acid reactive substances and malondialdehyde in the liver and serum alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased only in the I/R+pentobarbital group. All of the changes were significantly attenuated in the I/R+ propofol group (P=0.05). With propofol infusion, there was decreased ROS production from the reperfused liver, with less hepato-cellular injury, followed by well-maintained pulmonary function. CONCLUSION Remote pulmonary dysfunction and reperfusion injury in the liver were demonstrated in our rat model, as well as massive ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Propofol infusion attenuated remote pulmonary injury by lessening oxidative injury from the reperfused liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Cheng Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
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Kan WH, Hsieh CH, Schwacha MG, Choudhry MA, Raju R, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Flutamide protects against trauma-hemorrhage-induced liver injury via attenuation of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apopotosis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:595-602. [PMID: 18535130 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00012.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies have shown that administration of testosterone receptor antagonist, flutamide, following trauma-hemorrhage, improves hepatic, cardiovascular, and immune functions, the precise cellular/molecular mechanisms responsible for producing these salutary effects remain largely unknown. To study this, male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to a midline laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35+/-5 mmHg for approximately 90 min), followed by resuscitation with Ringer lactate. Flutamide (25 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered subcutaneously at the onset of resuscitation, and animals were killed 2 h thereafter. Hepatic injury was assessed by plasma alpha-glutathione S-transferase concentration, liver myeloperoxidase activity, and nitrotyrosine formation. Hepatic malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals (lipid peroxidation indicators), cellular DNA fragmentation, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha were also evaluated. Cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) levels were determined by cytometric bead array. The results indicate that flutamide administration after trauma-hemorrhage reduced liver injury, which was associated with decreased levels of alpha-glutathione S-transferase, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrotyrosine formation, lipid peroxidation, and cytokines/chemokines (systemic, liver tissue, and intracellular cytokines/chemokines). Cellular apoptosis, hepatocyte hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were also decreased under such conditions. Thus administration of flutamide following trauma-hemorrhage protects against liver injury via reduced inflammation, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Kan
- Center for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, G094 Volker Hall, 1670 Univ. Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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Baumann J, Ghosh S, Szakmany T, Jancso G, Ferencz A, Roth E, Bogar L. Short-term effects of N-acetylcysteine and ischemic preconditioning in a canine model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 41:226-30. [PMID: 18520151 DOI: 10.1159/000135707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the possibility that repeated ischemic preconditioning or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury as determined by indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) or has favorable hemodynamic effects during reperfusion in an in vivo canine liver model. METHODS Under general anesthesia, 3 groups of mongrel dogs (n = 5 per group) were subjected to (1) 60-min hepatic ischemia, (2) same ischemia preceded by intravenous administration of 150 mg kg(-1) NAC, and (3) three episodes of IPC (10-min ischemia followed by 10-min reperfusion) prior to same ischemia. Hepatic reperfusion was maintained for a further 180 min, with hemodynamic and hepatic function parameters monitored throughout. RESULTS Plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green and serum levels of aspartate transferase and alanine transferase showed no significant differences between groups. Although liver injury was obvious, reflected by hemodynamic, blood gas, and liver function tests, NAC and IPC failed to prevent decay in hepatic function in this canine model. CONCLUSION The results do not support the hypothesis that short-term use of NAC and IPC is beneficial in hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baumann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Amador A, Grande L, Martí J, Deulofeu R, Miquel R, Solá A, Rodriguez-Laiz G, Ferrer J, Fondevila C, Charco R, Fuster J, Hotter G, García-Valdecasas JC. Ischemic pre-conditioning in deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:2180-9. [PMID: 17697262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To assess the immediate and long-term effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in deceased donor. liver transplantation (LT), we designed a prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 60 donors: control group (CTL, n = 30) or study group (IPC, n = 30). IPC was induced by 10-min hiliar clamping immediately before recovery of organs. Clinical data and blood and liver samples were obtained in the donor and in the recipient for measurements. IPC significantly improved biochemical markers of liver cell function such as uric acid, hyaluronic acid and Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) levels. Moreover, the degree of apoptosis was significantly lower in the IPC group. On clinical basis, IPC significantly improved the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and reduced the need for reoperation in the postoperative period. Moreover, the incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF) was lower in the IPC group, but did not achieve statistical significance. We conclude that 10-min IPC protects against I/R injury in deceased donor LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amador
- Hospital de Sabadell, Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kanoria S, Jalan R, Seifalian AM, Williams R, Davidson BR. Protocols and Mechanisms for Remote Ischemic Preconditioning: A Novel Method for Reducing Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Transplantation 2007; 84:445-58. [PMID: 17713425 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000228235.55419.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) results in damage to local and remote organs. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a strategy to protect against IRI by inducing a prior brief period(s) of IRI to an organ remote from that undergoing sustained injury. RIPC has been shown to protect organs against IRI; however, the protocols and mechanisms for RIPC are unclear. For this review, a Medline/Pubmed search (January 1985 to January 2007) was conducted and all relevant articles were included. RIPC protocols are organ and species specific and both humoral and neurogenic pathways are involved in triggering intracellular signal pathways for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kanoria
- HPB and Liver Transplant Unit, University Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Andraus W, Jukemura J, Dutra F, Bechara E, Cunha JEM, Leite KRM, Machado MCC. Oxidative stress is enhanced by hypothermia imposed on cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2007; 62:483-90. [PMID: 17823712 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322007000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermia is a frequent event in severe acute pancreatitis (AP) and its real effects on the normal pancreas have not been well demonstrated. Moreover, neither have its effects on the outcome of acute pancreatitis been fully investigated. One hypothesis is that oxidative stress may be implicated in lesions caused or treated by hypothermia. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of hypothermia in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (CIAP) in rats and the role played by oxidative stress in this process. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into hypothermic and normothermic groups. Hypothermia was induced with a cold mattress and rectal temperature was kept at 30 masculineC for one hour. Acute pancreatitis was induced with 2 doses of cerulein (20 ìg/kg) administered at a one-hour interval. Serum amylase, pancreas vascular permeability by Evan's blue method, pancreas wet-to-dry weight ratio and histopathology were analyzed in each group. RESULTS When compared with normothermic rats, hypothermic animals, with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, showed higher levels of pancreatic vascular permeability (p < 0.05), pancreas wet-to-dry weight ratio (p = 0.03), and histologically verified edema (p < 0.05), but similar serum amylase levels. The hypothermic group showed a higher oxidized-reduced glutathione ratio than the normothermic group. CONCLUSION Moderate hypothermia produced a greater inflammatory response in established acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein in rats. Moreover, this study suggests that oxidative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the worse outcome in hypothermic rats with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Andraus
- Department of Surgery, São Paulo University, Medical College, São Paul, SP, Brazil.
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Duenschede F, Erbes K, Riegler N, Ewald P, Kircher A, Westermann S, Schad A, Miesmer I, Albrecht-Schöck S, Gockel I, Kiemer AK, Junginger T. Protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and application of lipoic acid prior to 90 min of hepatic ischemia in a rat model. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3692-8. [PMID: 17659728 PMCID: PMC4250640 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare different preconditioning strategies to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury focusing on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Interventions comprised different modes of ischemic preconditioning (IP) as well as pharmacologic pretreatment by α-lipoic acid (LA).
METHODS: Several groups of rats were compared: sham operated animals, non-pretreated animals (nt), animals receiving IP (10 min of ischemia by clamping of the portal triad and 10 min of reperfusion) prior to sustained ischemia, animals receiving selective ischemic preconditioning (IPsel, 10 min of ischemia by selective clamping of the ischemic lobe and 10 min of reperfusion) prior to sustained ichemia, and animals receiving 500 μmol α-LA injected i.v. 15 min prior to the induction of 90 min of selective ischemia.
RESULTS: Cellular damage was decreased only in the LA group. TUNEL-positive hepatocytes as well as necrotic hepatocyte injury were also decreased only by LA (19 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1, P < 0.05 and 29 ± 5 vs 12 ± 1, P < 0.05). Whereas caspase 3- activities in liver tissue were unchanged, caspase 9- activity in liver tissue was decreased only by LA pretreatment (3.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.2, P < 0.05). Survival rate as the endpoint of liver function was increased after IP and LA pretreatment but not after IPsel. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver tissue were decreased in the IP as well as in the LA group compared to the nt group. Determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins showed a shift towards anti-apoptotic proteins by LA. In contrast, both our IP strategies failed to influence apototic cell death.
CONCLUSION: IP, consisting of 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, protects only partly against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver prior to 90 min of selective ischemia. IPsel did not influence ischemic tolerance of the liver. LA improved tolerance to ischemia, possibly by downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Duenschede
- University Hospital Mainz, Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Wolfárd A, Kaszaki J, Varga S, Lázár G, Boros M. Early Microcirculatory Changes after Ischemic Preconditioning and Small Bowel Autotransplantation. Eur Surg Res 2007; 39:284-90. [PMID: 17556837 DOI: 10.1159/000103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion injury contributes to the high complication rate of small bowel transplantation (SBTX). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects against reperfusion injury in several organs, but the IPC-induced microcirculatory reaction in the intestine is unknown. METHODS We examined the effects of IPC on the macrohemodynamics and graft microcirculation in a canine model of SBTX during a 4-hour reperfusion period. In group 1 SBTX was performed, in group 2 IPC was induced before graft harvesting (ischemia 3 times for 5 min, followed by 10 min of reperfusion). Cardiac index and mesenteric blood flow were measured, and the mucosal microcirculation, villus epithelial thickness and functional capillary density were monitored by orthogonal polarization spectral imaging. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were monitored in the postcapillary venules, with intravital fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Reperfusion decreased cardiac index and mesenteric blood flow during reperfusion; IPC significantly improved these changes. Reperfusion was accompanied by decreased functional capillary density and epithelial thickness of the villi and increased leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. IPC increased functional capillary density, prevented epithelial narrowing and reduced leukocyte rolling and adherence. CONCLUSION IPC improves the macrohemodynamics and the intestinal microcirculation and reduces leukocyte-mediated tissue injury during reperfusion. IPC can be an effective tool to limit reperfusion injury during SBTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolfárd
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Medical Center, Szeged, Hungary
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