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Tang SN, Salazar-Puerta AI, Heimann MK, Kuchynsky K, Rincon-Benavides MA, Kordowski M, Gunsch G, Bodine L, Diop K, Gantt C, Khan S, Bratasz A, Kokiko-Cochran O, Fitzgerald J, Laudier DM, Hoyland JA, Walter BA, Higuita-Castro N, Purmessur D. Engineered extracellular vesicle-based gene therapy for the treatment of discogenic back pain. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122562. [PMID: 38583365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Painful musculoskeletal disorders such as intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with chronic low back pain (termed "Discogenic back pain", DBP), are a significant socio-economic burden worldwide and contribute to the growing opioid crisis. Yet there are very few if any successful interventions that can restore the tissue's structure and function while also addressing the symptomatic pain. Here we have developed a novel non-viral gene therapy, using engineered extracellular vesicles (eEVs) to deliver the developmental transcription factor FOXF1 to the degenerated IVD in an in vivo model. Injured IVDs treated with eEVs loaded with FOXF1 demonstrated robust sex-specific reductions in pain behaviors compared to control groups. Furthermore, significant restoration of IVD structure and function in animals treated with FOXF1 eEVs were observed, with significant increases in disc height, tissue hydration, proteoglycan content, and mechanical properties. This is the first study to successfully restore tissue function while modulating pain behaviors in an animal model of DBP using eEV-based non-viral delivery of transcription factor genes. Such a strategy can be readily translated to other painful musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley N Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Ana I Salazar-Puerta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Mary K Heimann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kyle Kuchynsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | | | - Mia Kordowski
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Gilian Gunsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Lucy Bodine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Khady Diop
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Connor Gantt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Safdar Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Small Animal Imaging Center Shared Resources, Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Olga Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Damien M Laudier
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin A Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA
| | - Natalia Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, USA.
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA.
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Carazzo CA, Peletti-Figueiró M, Fontana Nicoletti N, Scariot FJ, Echeverrigaray S, Falavigna A. Genotoxic parameters of human degenerated intervertebral discs are linked to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:310-319. [PMID: 35380199 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a prevalent disorder that brings great incapacity and morbidity to the world's population. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. DNA damage can influence this process, but so far, there have been few studies to evaluate this topic and its true importance in DDD, as well as whether there is a relation between degeneration grade and DNA damage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of damage to the DNA and the relation to the severity of DDD and measure its response to this insult compared to live/dead cell parameters and reactive oxygen species activity in human discs. METHODS An experimental study was performed with 15 patients with grade IV or V Pfirrmann classification who underwent spinal surgery. Five patients were operated on two levels, resulting in 20 samples that were submitted to the comet assay to measure DNA damage. Of these, six samples were submitted to flow cytometry, and apoptosis, necrosis, cell membrane integrity, intracellular esterase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase 3 and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. RESULTS All samples had DNA damage, and the average of index damage (ID) was 78.1 (SD±65.11) and frequency damage (FD) was 49.3% (SD±26.05%). There was no statistical difference between the Pfirrmann grades and genotoxic damage. Likewise, all samples that underwent flow cytometry showed apoptosis and ROS to many different degrees. CONCLUSIONS DNA damage occurs in high-grade degeneration of human discs and contributes to activation of the apoptosis pathway and ROS production that can accelerate disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando J Scariot
- Enology and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Echeverrigaray
- Enology and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Asdrubal Falavigna
- University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Cell Therapy Laboratory (LATEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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3
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Zhang M, Jia J, Deng L, Cao Z, Hu X, Lei S, Zhang G, Zhu D, Duan Y, Kang X. Risk factors associated with low-grade virulent infection in intervertebral disc degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J 2024; 24:1034-1045. [PMID: 38365007 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of research indicates an association between low-grade bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, no previous meta-analysis has systematically assessed the risk factors for low-grade bacterial infections that cause IDD. PURPOSE This study reviewed the literature to evaluate the risk factors associated with low-grade bacterial infection in patients with IDD. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible articles explicitly identified the risk factors for low-grade bacterial infections in IDD patients. Patient demographics and total bacterial infection rates were extracted from each study. Meta-analysis was performed using random- or fixed-effects models, with statistical analyses conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software.aut. RESULTS Thirty-three studies involving 4,109 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled low-grade bacterial infection rate was 30% (range, 24%-37%), with P. acnes accounting for 25% (range, 19%-31%). P. acnes constituted 66.7% of bacteria-positive discs. Fourteen risk factors were identified, of which 8 were quantitatively explored. Strong evidence supported male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.65-2.79; p<.00001) and Modic changes (MCs) (OR=3.59; 95% CI=1.68-7.76; p=.0009); moderate evidence of sciatica (OR=2.31; 95% CI=1.33-4.00; p=.003) and younger age (OR=-3.47; 95% CI=-6.42 to -0.53; p=.02). No evidence supported previous disc surgery, MC type, Pfirrmann grade, smoking, or diabetes being risk factors for low-grade bacterial infections in patients with IDD. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence highlights a significant association between IDD and low-grade bacterial infections, predominantly P. acnes being the most common causative agent. Risk factors associated with low-grade bacterial infections in IDD include male sex, MCs, sciatica, and younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Jingwen Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Liangna Deng
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenyu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuchang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shuanhu Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yanni Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Zhao E, Shinn DJ, Basilious M, Subramanian T, Shahi P, Amen TB, Maayan O, Dalal S, Araghi K, Song J, Sheha ED, Dowdell JE, Iyer S, Qureshi SA. Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Early Postoperative Outcomes After Cervical Disk Replacement: A Propensity-matched Analysis. Clin Spine Surg 2024; 37:E185-E191. [PMID: 38321612 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To compare the demographics, perioperative variables, and complication rates following cervical disk replacement (CDR) among patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The prevalence of MetS-involving concurrent obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia-has increased in the United States over the last 2 decades. Little is known about the impact of MetS on early postoperative outcomes and complications following CDR. METHODS The 2005-2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients who underwent primary 1- or 2-level CDR. Patients with and without MetS were divided into 2 cohorts. MetS was defined, according to other National Surgical Quality Improvement Program studies, as concurrent diabetes mellitus, hypertension requiring medication, and body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 . Rates of 30-day readmission, reoperation, complications, length of hospital stay, and discharge disposition were compared using χ 2 and Fisher exact tests. One to 2 propensity-matching was performed, matching for demographics, comorbidities, and number of operative levels. RESULTS A total of 5395 patients were included for unmatched analysis. Two hundred thirty-six had MetS, and 5159 did not. The MetS cohort had greater rates of 30-day readmission (2.5% vs. 0.9%; P =0.023), morbidity (2.5% vs. 0.9%; P =0.032), nonhome discharges (3% vs. 0.6%; P =0.002), and longer hospital stays (1.35±4.04 vs. 1±1.48 days; P =0.029). After propensity-matching, 699 patients were included. All differences reported above lost significance ( P >0.05) except for 30-day morbidity (superficial wound infections), which remained higher for the MetS cohort (2.5% vs. 0.4%, P =0.02). CONCLUSIONS We identified MetS as an independent predictor of 30-day morbidity in the form of superficial wound infections following single-level CDR. Although MetS patients experienced greater rates of 30-day readmission, nonhome discharge, and longer lengths of stay, MetS did not independently predict these outcomes after controlling for baseline differences in patient characteristics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zhao
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel J Shinn
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Omri Maayan
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Lin Z, Xu G, Lu X, Liu S, Zou F, Ma X, Jiang J, Wang H, Song J. Chondrocyte-targeted exosome-mediated delivery of Nrf2 alleviates cartilaginous endplate degeneration by modulating mitochondrial fission. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:281. [PMID: 38790015 PMCID: PMC11127380 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration, which is an important contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is characterized by chondrocyte death. Accumulating evidence has revealed that dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction lead to apoptosis during CEP degeneration and IVDD. Exosomes are promising agents for the treatment of many diseases, including osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis and IVDD. Despite their major success in drug delivery, the full potential of exosomes remains untapped. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro and in vivo models of CEP degeneration were established by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We designed genetically engineered exosomes (CAP-Nrf2-Exos) expressing chondrocyte-affinity peptide (CAP) on the surface and carrying the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The affinity between CAP-Nrf2-Exos and CEP was evaluated by in vitro internalization assays and in vivo imaging assays. qRT‒PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to examine the expression level of Nrf2 and the subcellular localization of Nrf2 and Drp1. Mitochondrial function was measured by the JC-1 probe and MitoSOX Red. Mitochondrial morphology was visualized by MitoTracker staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After subendplate injection of the engineered exosomes, the degree of CEP degeneration and IVDD was validated radiologically and histologically. RESULTS We found that the cargo delivery efficiency of exosomes after cargo packaging was increased by surface modification. CAP-Nrf2-Exos facilitated chondrocyte-targeted delivery of Nrf2 and activated the endogenous antioxidant defence system in CEP cells. The engineered exosomes inhibited Drp1 S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation, thereby preventing mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction. LPS-induced CEP cell apoptosis was alleviated by CAP-Nrf2-Exo treatment. In a rat model of CEP degeneration, the engineered exosomes successfully attenuated CEP degeneration and IVDD and exhibited better repair capacity than natural exosomes. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings showed that exosome-mediated chondrocyte-targeted delivery of Nrf2 was an effective strategy for treating CEP degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidi Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Tang X, Li Q, Li ZH. Mediating effect of metabolic syndrome in the association of educational attainment with intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30272. [PMID: 38707474 PMCID: PMC11068810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The causal association of educational attainment (EA) with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) or low back pain (LBP), and the mediating effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this association, is not studied to date. In this study, using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies primarily conducted in the individuals of European ancestry, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate: (1) the total and direct effects of EA on IVDD and LBP, (2) bidirectional associations of EA with MetS or the components of MetS, (3) causal effects of MetS or its components on IVDD and LBP, and (4) mediating effects of MetS or its components on the causal associations of EA with IVDD and LBP. Univariable MR analysis demonstrated that genetically proxied EA was inversely associated with IVDD (ORIVW: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.87-0.92) and LBP (ORIVW: 0.86; 95 % CI: 0.84-0.89). Consistent results were obtained after adjusting for potential confounders (cognition, economic level, smoking traits, and metabolic factors). Mediation analysis proved that the effect of EA on IVDD mediated by MetS, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 11.38 %, 9.22 %, and 2.17 %, respectively. Besides, MetS mediated 8.42 % and waist circumference mediated 5.81 % of the EA effects on LBP, respectively. Our findings provided support for MetS mediating the causal protective effects of EA on IVDD and LBP, which provided causal evidence to the etiology and intervention targets of IVDD and LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijie Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Zhang-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
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Zheng X, Qiu J, Ye J, Gong Y, Jiang T, Gao N, Jiang C, Chu B, Zhang W, Li Z, Wu X, Yang G, Feng X, Hong Z. Macrophage-derived PDGF-BB modulates glycolytic enzymes expression and pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells via PDGFR-β/TXNIP pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01194-4. [PMID: 38744373 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of low back pain, significantly impacting both individuals and society. This study aimed to investigate the significance of macrophage infiltration and the role of macrophage-secreted platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in IVDD progression. METHODS To confirm the protective function of macrophage-derived PDGF-BB on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), we employed Lysm-Cre transgenic mice to genetically ablate PDGF-B within the myeloid cells. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the expression of glycolytic enzymes and pyroptosis-related proteins during the process of IVDD. Western blot, RT-PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protective effect of recombinant PDGF-BB on NPCs. RESULTS Macrophage-derived PDGF-BB deficiency resulted in the loss of NPCs and the increased ossification of cartilage endplates during lumbar disc degeneration. Also, PDGF-BB deficiency triggered the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes' expression and the activation of pathways related to pyroptosis in the nucleus pulposus. Mechanistically, our results suggest that PDGF-BB predominantly conveys its protective influence on NPCs through the PDGF receptor- beta (PDGFR-β)/ thioredoxin-interacting protein pathway. CONCLUSIONS The absence of PDGF-BB originating from macrophages expedites the advancement of IVDD, whereas the application of PDGF-BB treatment holds the potential for retarding intervertebral disc degeneration in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zheng
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jiajing Ye
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yuhang Gong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Binxiang Chu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Weikang Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ze Li
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Guangyong Yang
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xingbing Feng
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Zhenghua Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China; Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.
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8
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Zheng B, Ouyang L, Shi J, Shen X, Lei H. Evaluating lumbar disc degeneration by MRI quantitative metabolic indicators: the perspective of factor analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:281. [PMID: 38711140 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate an early diagnostic method for lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) and improve its diagnostic accuracy. METHODS Quantitative biomarkers of the lumbar body (LB) and lumbar discs (LDs) were obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection technology. The diagnostic weights of each biological metabolism indicator were screened using the factor analysis method. RESULTS Through factor analysis, common factors such as the LB fat fraction, fat content, and T2* value of LDs were identified as covariates for the diagnostic model for the evaluation of LDD. This model can optimize the accuracy and reliability of LDD diagnosis. CONCLUSION The application of biomarker quantification methods based on NMR detection technology combined with factor analysis provides an effective means for the early diagnosis of LDD, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxin Zheng
- Radiology Department, 909th Hospital (Affiliated Southeast Hospital, Xiamen University), Zhangzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ouyang
- Radiology Department, 909th Hospital (Affiliated Southeast Hospital, Xiamen University), Zhangzhou, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Granular Computing and Applications, Zhangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaochan Shen
- Radiology Department, 909th Hospital (Affiliated Southeast Hospital, Xiamen University), Zhangzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hanbin Lei
- Radiology Department, 909th Hospital (Affiliated Southeast Hospital, Xiamen University), Zhangzhou, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
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Xia Q, Zhao Y, Dong H, Mao Q, Zhu L, Xia J, Weng Z, Liao W, Hu Z, Yi J, Feng S, Jiang Y, Xin Z. Progress in the study of molecular mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116593. [PMID: 38626521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is one of the main spinal surgery, conditions, which markedly increases the incidence of low back pain and deteriorates the patient's quality of life, and it imposes significant social and economic burdens. The molecular pathology of IVDD is highly complex and multilateral however still not ompletely understood. New findings indicate that IVDD is closely associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, cell injury and extracellular matrix metabolismdysregulation. Symptomatic management is the main therapeutic approach adopted for IVDD, but it fails to address the basic pathological changes and the causes of the disease. However, research is still focusing on molecular aspects in terms of gene expression, growth factors and cell signaling pathways in an attempt to identify specific molecular targets for IVDD treatment. The paper summarizes the most recent achievements in molecularunderstanding of the pathogenesis of IVDD and gives evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiu Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Huaize Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qiming Mao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiyue Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zijing Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zongyue Hu
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Affiliated Sinopharm Gezhouba Central Hospital, Third Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province 443003, China
| | - Jiangbi Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Zun yi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhijun Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France.
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10
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Tamagawa S, Sakai D, Nojiri H, Nakamura Y, Warita T, Matsushita E, Schol J, Soma H, Ogasawara S, Munesada D, Koike M, Shimizu T, Sato M, Ishijima M, Watanabe M. SOD2 orchestrates redox homeostasis in intervertebral discs: A novel insight into oxidative stress-mediated degeneration and therapeutic potential. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103091. [PMID: 38412803 PMCID: PMC10907854 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a pervasive global health concern, primarily associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Although oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to IVD degeneration, the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. This study aimed to unravel the role of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in IVD pathogenesis and target oxidative stress to limit IVD degeneration. SOD2 demonstrated a dynamic regulation in surgically excised human IVD tissues, with initial upregulation in moderate degeneration and downregulation in severely degenerated IVDs. Through a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found a suggestive association between excessive mitochondrial superoxide, cellular senescence, and matrix degradation in human and mouse IVD cells. We confirmed that aging and mechanical stress, established triggers for IVD degeneration, escalated mitochondrial superoxide levels in mouse models. Critically, chondrocyte-specific Sod2 deficiency accelerated age-related and mechanical stress-induced disc degeneration in mice, and could be attenuated by β-nicotinamide mononucleotide treatment. These revelations underscore the central role of SOD2 in IVD redox balance and unveil potential therapeutic avenues, making SOD2 and mitochondrial superoxide promising targets for effective LBP interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takayuki Warita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Erika Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hazuki Soma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shota Ogasawara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daiki Munesada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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11
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Marcus JL, Westerhaus BD, Chernicki B, Giuffrida A. Basivertebral nerve ablation with concurrent lumbar laminotomy. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e259695. [PMID: 38575334 PMCID: PMC11002411 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-259695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumbar radiculopathy due to impingement of nerve roots from facet hypertrophy and/or disc herniation can often coincide with vertebrogenic low back pain. This is demonstrated on MRI with foraminal stenosis and Modic changes. We examine the potential of using a combination of basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA) and lumbar laminotomy as an alternative to traditional spinal fusion in specific patient populations. This unique combination of surgical techniques has not been previously reported in the medical literature. We report a man in his late 30s with chronic low back pain and lumbar radiculopathy, treated with BVNA and concurrent laminotomy. The patient reported progressive improvements in his mobility and pain over the next 2 years. We discuss the advantages of using this technique for lumbar radiculopathy and Modic changes compared with conventional surgical modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Marcus
- Nova Southeastern University Dr Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, Florida, USA
- Cantor Spince Center, Interventional Spine, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin D Westerhaus
- Cantor Spince Center, Interventional Spine, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Brendan Chernicki
- Nova Southeastern University Dr Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony Giuffrida
- Cantor Spince Center, Interventional Spine, Paley Orthopedic & Spine Institute, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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12
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Couasnay G, Garcia H, Elefteriou F. A comparative analysis of TonEBP conditional knockout mouse models reveals inter-dependency between compartments of the intervertebral disc. Development 2024; 151:dev202354. [PMID: 38421307 PMCID: PMC11006390 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between notochord and sclerotome are required for normal embryonic spine patterning, but whether the postnatal derivatives of these tissues also require interactions for postnatal intervertebral disc (IVD) growth and maintenance is less established. We report here the comparative analysis of four conditional knockout mice deficient for TonEBP, a transcription factor known to allow cells to adapt to changes in extracellular osmotic pressure, in specific compartments of the IVD. We show that TonEBP deletion in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells does not affect their survival or aggrecan expression, but promoted cell proliferation in the NP and in adjacent vertebral growth plates (GPs). In cartilage end plates/GPs, TonEBP deletion induced cell death, but also structural alterations in the adjacent NP cells and vertebral bodies. Embryonic or postnatal TonEBP loss generated similar IVD changes. In addition to demonstrating the requirement of TonEBP in the different compartments of the IVD, this comparative analysis uncovers the in vivo interdependency of the different IVD compartments during the growth of the postnatal IVD-vertebral units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greig Couasnay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haley Garcia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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McKinley JP, O'Connell GD. Review of state-of-the-art micro and macro-bioreactors for the intervertebral disc. J Biomech 2024; 165:111964. [PMID: 38412621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lower back pain continues to be a global epidemic, limiting quality of life and ability to work, due in large part to symptomatic disc degeneration. Development of more effective and less invasive biological strategies are needed to treat disc degeneration. In vitro models such as macro- or micro-bioreactors or mechanically active organ-chips hold great promise in reducing the need for animal studies that may have limited clinical translatability, due to harsher and more complex mechanical loading environments in human discs than in most animal models. This review highlights the complex loading conditions of the disc in situ, evaluates state-of-the-art designs for applying such complex loads across multiple length scales, from macro-bioreactors that load whole discs to organ-chips that aim to replicate cellular or engineered tissue loading. Emphasis was placed on the rapidly evolving more customizable organ-chips, given their greater potential for studying the progression and treatment of symptomatic disc degeneration. Lastly, this review identifies new trends and challenges for using organ-chips to assess therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P McKinley
- Berkeley BioMechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA.
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Berkeley BioMechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA.
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14
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Kritschil R, Li V, Wang D, Dong Q, Silwal P, Finkel T, Lee J, Sowa G, Vo N. Impact of autophagy inhibition on intervertebral disc cells and extracellular matrix. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1286. [PMID: 38234974 PMCID: PMC10792703 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading contributor to low back pain (LBP). Autophagy, strongly activated by hypoxia and nutrient starvation, is a vital intracellular quality control process that removes damaged proteins and organelles to recycle them for cellular biosynthesis and energy production. While well-established as a major driver of many age-related diseases, autophagy dysregulation or deficiency has yet been confirmed to cause IDD. Methods In vitro, rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells treated with bafilomycin A1 to inhibit autophagy were assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, proteoglycan synthesis, and cell viability. In vivo, a transgenic strain (Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl) mice were successfully generated to inhibit autophagy primarily in NP tissues. Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mouse intervertebral discs (IVDs) were evaluated for biomarkers for apoptosis and cellular senescence, aggrecan content, and histological changes up to 12 months of age. Results Here, we demonstrated inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin produced IDD features in the rat NP cells, including increased apoptosis and cellular senescence (p21 CIP1) and decreased expression of disc matrix genes Col2a1 and Acan. H&E histologic staining showed significant but modest degenerative changes in NP tissue of Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls at 6 and 12 months of age. Intriguingly, 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice did not display increased loss of NP proteoglycan. Moreover, markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL), and cellular senescence (p53, p16 INK4a , IL-1β, TNF-α) were not affected in 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls. However, p21 CIP1and Mmp13 gene expression were upregulated in NP tissue of 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls, suggesting p21 CIP1-mediated cellular senescence resulted from NP-targeted Atg7 knockout might contribute to the observed histological changes. Conclusion The absence of overt IDD features from disrupting Atg7-mediated macroautophagy in NP tissue implicates other compensatory mechanisms, highlighting additional research needed to elucidate the complex biology of autophagy in regulating age-dependent IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kritschil
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Vivian Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Drexel School of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Mukherjee J, Chaturvedi D, Mishra S, Jain R, Dandekar P. Microfluidic technology for cell biology-related applications: a review. J Biol Phys 2024; 50:1-27. [PMID: 38055086 PMCID: PMC10864244 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-023-09646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid flow at the microscale level exhibits a unique phenomenon that can be explored to fabricate microfluidic devices integrated with components that can perform various biological functions. In this manuscript, the importance of physics for microscale fluid dynamics using microfluidic devices has been reviewed. Microfluidic devices provide new opportunities with regard to spatial and temporal control over cell growth. Furthermore, the manuscript presents an overview of cellular stimuli observed by combining surfaces that mimic the complex biochemistries and different geometries of the extracellular matrix, with microfluidic channels regulating the transport of fluids, soluble factors, etc. We have also explained the concept of mechanotransduction, which defines the relation between mechanical force and biological response. Furthermore, the manipulation of cellular microenvironments by the use of microfluidic systems has been highlighted as a useful device for basic cell biology research activities. Finally, the article focuses on highly integrated microfluidic platforms that exhibit immense potential for biomedical and pharmaceutical research as robust and portable point-of-care diagnostic devices for the assessment of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Deepa Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Shlok Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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16
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Yurube T, Buchser WJ, Zhang Z, Silwal P, Lotze MT, Kang JD, Sowa GA, Vo NV. Rapamycin mitigates inflammation-mediated disc matrix homeostatic imbalance by inhibiting mTORC1 and inducing autophagy through Akt activation. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1303. [PMID: 38222800 PMCID: PMC10782056 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain is a global health problem that originated mainly from intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Autophagy, negatively regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, prevents metabolic and degenerative diseases by removing and recycling damaged cellular components. Despite growing evidence that autophagy occurs in the intervertebral disc, the regulation of disc cellular autophagy is still poorly understood. Methods Annulus fibrosus (rAF) cell cultures derived from healthy female rabbit discs were used to test the effect of autophagy inhibition or activation on disc cell fate and matrix homeostasis. Specifically, different chemical inhibitors including rapamycin, 3-methyladenine, MK-2206, and PP242 were used to modulate activities of different proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to assess IL-1β-induced cellular senescence, apoptosis, and matrix homeostasis in rAF cells grown under nutrient-poor culture condition. Results Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR and its effector p70/S6K in rAF cell cultures. Rapamycin also induced autophagic flux as measured by increased expression of key autophagy markers, including LC3 puncta number, LC3-II expression, and cytoplasmic HMGB1 intensity and decreased p62/SQSTM1 expression. As expected, IL-1β stimulation promoted rAF cellular senescence, apoptosis, and matrix homeostatic imbalance with enhanced aggrecanolysis and MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression. Rapamycin treatment effectively mitigated IL-1β-mediated inflammatory stress changes, but these alleviating effects of rapamycin were abrogated by chemical inhibition of Akt and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Conclusions These findings suggest that rapamycin blunts adverse effects of inflammation on disc cells by inhibiting mTORC1 to induce autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway that is dependent on Akt and mTORC2 activities. Hence, our findings identify autophagy, rapamycin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling as potential therapeutic targets for IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yurube
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - William J. Buchser
- Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - James D. Kang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, School of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Lin J, Wang L, Wu Y, Xiang Q, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Jiang S, Sun Z, Fan D, Li W. Involvement of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration via hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:747-759. [PMID: 38531963 PMCID: PMC10984922 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important pathological basis for degenerative spinal diseases and is involved in mitophagy dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy regulation in IDD remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of DJ-1 in regulating mitophagy during IDD pathogenesis. Here, we showed that the mitochondrial localization of DJ-1 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) first increased and then decreased in response to oxidative stress. Subsequently, loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that overexpression of DJ-1 in NPCs inhibited oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, whereas knockdown of DJ-1 had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, mitochondrial translocation of DJ-1 promoted the recruitment of hexokinase 2 (HK2) to damaged mitochondria by activating Akt and subsequently Parkin-dependent mitophagy to inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in NPCs. However, silencing Parkin, reducing mitochondrial recruitment of HK2, or inhibiting Akt activation suppressed DJ-1-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, overexpression of DJ-1 ameliorated IDD in rats through HK2-mediated mitophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that DJ-1 promotes HK2-mediated mitophagy under oxidative stress conditions to inhibit mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in NPCs and could be a therapeutic target for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Longjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanqi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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18
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Tian X, Zhao H, Yang S, Ding W. The effect of diabetes mellitus on lumbar disc degeneration: an MRI-based study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024:10.1007/s00586-024-08150-8. [PMID: 38361008 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to analyse the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the radiological changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on the intervertebral discs and paravertebral muscle to investigate the effect of DM on spinal degeneration. METHODS This retrospective study initially included 262 patients who underwent treatment between January 2020 and December 2021 because of lumbar disc herniation. Amongst these patients, 98 patients suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for more than five years; this is the poorly controlled group (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%; BMI: 26.28 ± 3.60; HbA1c: 7.5, IQR = 1.3). Another 164 patients without T2DM are included in the control group. The data collected and analysed include gender, age, smoking, alcohol use, disease course, Charlson Comorbidity Index, BMI, and radiological parameters including disc height, modified Pfirrmann grading scores, percentage of fat infiltration area of paravertebral muscle, and pathological changes of the endplate. RESULTS After propensity score-matched analysis, the difference in general data between the control and T2DM groups was eliminated, and 186 patients were analysed. The modified Pfirrmann grading scores showed statistical differences in every lumbar segment, suggesting that the T2DM group suffered from greater disc degeneration at all L1-S1 segments compared with the control group. The disc height from L1/2 to L5/S1 was not statistically different between the two groups. Compared to the T2DM group, the control group had a lower percentage of fat infiltration areas in L4/5 and L5/S1 paravertebral muscle, whereas L1/2 to L3/4 showed no statistical difference. The T2DM group had more pathological changes of cartilage endplate compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycaemia may contribute to lumbar disc degeneration, fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles in the lower lumbar segments, and increased incidence of endplate cartilage pathological changes in patients with degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Tian
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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Li Y, Zhang H, Zhu D, Yang F, Wang Z, Wei Z, Yang Z, Jia J, Kang X. Notochordal cells: A potential therapeutic option for intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13541. [PMID: 37697480 PMCID: PMC10849793 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a prevalent musculoskeletal degenerative disorder worldwide, and ~40% of chronic low back pain cases are associated with IDD. Although the pathogenesis of IDD remains unclear, the reduction in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are critical factors contributing to IDD. Notochordal cells (NCs), derived from the notochord, which rapidly degrades after birth and is eventually replaced by NPCs, play a crucial role in maintaining ECM homeostasis and preventing NPCs apoptosis. Current treatments for IDD only provide symptomatic relief, while lacking the ability to inhibit or reverse its progression. However, NCs and their secretions possess anti-inflammatory properties and promote NPCs proliferation, leading to ECM formation. Therefore, in recent years, NCs therapy targeting the underlying cause of IDD has emerged as a novel treatment strategy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on NCs for IDD, covering their biological characteristics, specific markers, possible mechanisms involved in IDD and therapeutic effects. It also highlights significant future directions in this field to facilitate further exploration of the pathogenesis of IDD and the development of new therapies based on NCs strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Li
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- The Second People's Hospital of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fengguang Yang
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Wei
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jia
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Cheng SH, Lin YT, Lu HT, Tsuei YC, Chu W, Chu WC. The Evolution of Spinal Endoscopy: Design and Image Analysis of a Single-Use Digital Endoscope Versus Traditional Optic Endoscope. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:99. [PMID: 38275579 PMCID: PMC10813680 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal endoscopy has evolved significantly since its inception, offering minimally invasive solutions for various spinal pathologies. This study introduces a promising innovation in spinal endoscopy-a single-use digital endoscope designed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional optic endoscopes. Traditional endoscopes, despite their utility, present challenges such as fragility, complex disinfection processes, weight issues, and susceptibility to mechanical malfunctions. The digital endoscope, with its disposable nature, lighter weight, and improved image quality, aims to enhance surgical procedures and patient safety. The digital endoscope system comprises a 30-degree 1000 × 1000 pixel resolution camera sensor with a 4.3 mm working channel, and LED light sources replacing optical fibers. The all-in-one touch screen tablet serves as the host computer, providing portability and simplified operation. Image comparisons between the digital and optic endoscopes revealed advantages in the form of increased field of view, lesser distortion, greater close-range resolution, and enhanced luminance. The single-use digital endoscope demonstrates great potential for revolutionizing spine endoscopic surgeries, offering convenience, safety, and superior imaging capabilities compared to traditional optic endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Hsin-Tzu Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yu-Chuan Tsuei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - William Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Chyn Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (S.-H.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-C.T.)
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Qi Y, Lou J, Chen Y, Liu C, Li H, Chang X, Hu Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Feng C, Zhou Y, Zhai Y, Li C. Lactic acid promotes nucleus pulposus cell senescence and corresponding intervertebral disc degeneration via interacting with Akt. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:24. [PMID: 38212432 PMCID: PMC11071984 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of metabolites in the intervertebral disc is considered an important cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Lactic acid, which is a metabolite that is produced by cellular anaerobic glycolysis, has been proven to be closely associated with IVDD. However, little is known about the role of lactic acid in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) senescence and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid on NPCs senescence and oxidative stress as well as the underlying mechanism. A puncture-induced disc degeneration (PIDD) model was established in rats. Metabolomics analysis revealed that lactic acid levels were significantly increased in degenerated intervertebral discs. Elimination of excessive lactic acid using a lactate oxidase (LOx)-overexpressing lentivirus alleviated the progression of IVDD. In vitro experiments showed that high concentrations of lactic acid could induce senescence and oxidative stress in NPCs. High-throughput RNA sequencing results and bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that the induction of NPCs senescence and oxidative stress by lactic acid may be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Further study verified that high concentrations of lactic acid could induce NPCs senescence and oxidative stress by interacting with Akt and regulating its downstream Akt/p21/p27/cyclin D1 and Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Utilizing molecular docking, site-directed mutation and microscale thermophoresis assays, we found that lactic acid could regulate Akt kinase activity by binding to the Lys39 and Leu52 residues in the PH domain of Akt. These results highlight the involvement of lactic acid in NPCs senescence and oxidative stress, and lactic acid may become a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Libangxi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yuhan Qi
- Institute of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jinhui Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhilei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Tanoren B, Dipcin B, Birdogan S, Unlu MB, Ozdol C, Aghayev K. Examination of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation patients by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2603-2609. [PMID: 38226141 PMCID: PMC10788776 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is observed in humans as a result of the alteration of annulus fibrous (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue compositions in intervertebral discs. In this study, we studied the feasibility of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in characterizing the herniated segments of AF and NP tissues from male and female patients. SAM determined the acoustic property variations in AF and NP tissues by calculating the acoustic impedance values of samples of 15 patients. SEM obtained higher resolution images and EDS made elemental analysis of the specimen. Consequently, we suggest that these techniques have the potential to be combined for the investigation and removal of the disrupted AF and NP tissues with micrometer resolution in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukem Tanoren
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey +90 216 500 4156 +90 216 576 5076
| | - Beste Dipcin
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Istanbul Turkey
| | - Selcuk Birdogan
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Cagatay Ozdol
- Antalya Education and Research Hospital Istanbul Turkey
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Zhu P, Wu X, Ni L, Chen K, Dong Z, Du J, Kong F, Mao Y, Tao H, Chu M, Mao H, Yang H, Liu Q, Gan M, Geng D. Inhibition of PP2A ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by reducing annulus fibrosus cells apoptosis via p38/MAPK signal pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166888. [PMID: 37722489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is considered one of the main reasons for low back pain (LBP). To date, the specific pathology of IVDD remains unclear. The annulus fibrosus (AF) is an important part of the intervertebral disc, and AF cell oxidative stress, apoptosis plays a vital role in disc degeneration. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase, has regulatory functions in various processes, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, thus far, the effect of PP2A on IVDD is not clear. METHODS AF cells derived from caudal intervertebral discs in SD rats were used to analyze the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis and degeneration as well as PP2A expression. A PP2A agonist (FTY720), inhibitor (microcystin-LR) and siRNA (si-PPP2CA) were employed in IVDD induced by H2O2 to investigate the levels of apoptosis and degeneration. The p38/MAPK signal pathways were evaluated, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and ERK inhibitor (U0126) were added for verification. Finally, FTY720 and microcystin-LR were administered to IVDD rats to assess the effects on levels of apoptosis and degeneration and the relief of IVDD. RESULTS The expression of PP2A was increased in rat AF cells after H2O2 intervention. The levels of apoptosis and degeneration were higher with upregulation of PP2A but were significantly reduced after inhibition of PP2A. The PP2A inhibitor relieved cell apoptosis and degeneration by downregulating the p38/MAPK pathway. In vivo, the knockdown of PP2A resulted in a more complete morphology of discs and less apoptotic and degenerative expression. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the downregulation of PP2 A could reduce AF cell apoptosis and degeneration via the p38/MAPK pathway. It also revealed that the inhibition of PP2 A is expected to be a therapeutic target for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hai'an People's Hospital, Hai'an 226600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongchen Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchen Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubo Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqin Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qinbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lianshui People's Hospital of Kangda College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Zehr JD, Quadrilatero J, Callaghan JP. Initiation and accumulation of loading induced changes to native collagen content and microstructural damage in the cartilaginous endplate. Spine J 2024; 24:161-171. [PMID: 37487932 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Injury to the cartilaginous endplate (CEP) is linked to clinically relevant low back disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration and pain reporting. Despite this link to clinical disorders, the CEP injury pathways and the modulating effect of mechanical loading parameters on the pace of damage accumulation remains poorly understood. PURPOSE This study examined the effect of cyclic loading on the initiation and accumulation of changes to native collagen content (type I, type II) and microstructural damage in the central region of cadaveric porcine CEPs. STUDY DESIGN In vitro longitudinal study. METHODS One hundred fourteen porcine cervical spinal units were included (N=6 per group). The study contained a control group (no cyclic loading) and 18 experimental groups that differed by loading duration (1,000, 3,000, 5,000 cycles), joint posture (flexed, neutral), and cyclic peak compression variation (10%, 20%, 40%). Multicolor immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify loading induced changes to type I (ie, subchondral bone) and type II (ie, endplate) native collagen content (fluorescence area, fluorescence intensity) and microstructural damage (pore area [transverse plane], void area along the CEP-bone border [sagittal plane]). RESULTS Significant main effects of loading duration and posture were observed for fluorescence area and fluorescence intensity of type I and II collagen. In the transverse plane, type II fluorescence area significantly decreased following 1,000 cycles (-12%), but a significant change in fluorescence intensity was not observed until 3,000 cycles (-17%). Type II fluorescence area (-14%) and intensity (-10%) were both significantly less in flexed postures compared to neutral. Similar trends were observed for type I collagen in the sagittal plane sections. Generally, significant changes to fluorescence area were accompanied by the development of microstructural voids along the endplate-subchondral bone border. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that microstructural damage beneath the endplate surface occurs before significant changes to the density of native type I and II collagen fibers. Although flexed postures were associated with greater and accelerated changes to native collagen content, the injury initiation mechanism appears similar to neutral. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Neutral joint postures can delay the initiation and pace of microdamage accumulation in the CEP during low-to-moderate demand lifting tasks. Furthermore, the management of peak compression exposures appeared relevant only when a neutral posture was maintained. Therefore, clinical low back injury prevention and load management efforts should consider low back posture in parallel with applied joint forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie D Zehr
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack P Callaghan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang HS, Lin S, Yu HM. Exosome-mediated Repair of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: The Potential Role of miRNAs. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:798-808. [PMID: 37150986 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230504094233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a serious condition that manifests as low back pain, intervertebral disc protrusion, and spinal canal stenosis. At present, the main treatment methods for IVDD are surgical interventions such as discectomy, total disc replacement, and spinal fusion. However, these interventions have shown limitations, such as recurrent lumbar disc herniation after discectomy, lesions in adjacent segments, and failure of fixation. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been exploring stem cell transplantation therapy, such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, but the treatment results are still controversial. Therefore, researchers are in search of new methods that are more efficient and have better outcomes. The exosomes from stem cells contain a variety of bioactive molecules that mediate cell interactions, and these components have been investigated for their potential therapeutic role in the repair of various tissue injuries. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived miRNAs in exosomes and vesicles have therapeutic effects on nucleus pulposus cells, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate. miRNAs play a role in many cell activities, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine release, by acting on mRNA translation, and they may have immense therapeutic potential, especially when combined with stem cell therapy. This article reviews the current status of research on intervertebral disc repair, especially with regard to the latest research findings on the molecular biological mechanisms of miRNAs in MSC-derived exosomes in intervertebral disc repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hai-Ming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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26
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Xie G, Wu T, Ji G, Wu H, Lai Y, Wei B, Huang W. Circular RNA and intervertebral disc degeneration: unravelling mechanisms and implications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1302017. [PMID: 38192334 PMCID: PMC10773835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1302017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a major public health problem worldwide and a significant health and economic burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the reason for LBP. However, we have not identified effective therapeutic strategies to address this challenge. With accumulating knowledge on the role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of IDD, we realised that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have tremendous therapeutic potential and clinical application prospects in this field. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of characteristics, classification, biogenesis, and function of circRNAs and summarises the protective and detrimental circRNAs involved in the intervertebral disc that have been studied thus far. This review is aimed to help researchers better understand the regulatory role of circRNAs in the progression of IDD, reveal their clinical therapeutic potential, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and targeted treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Xie
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Lai
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kang X, Qian M, Liu M, Xu H, Xu B. Predictive Factors Associated with Chronic Neck Pain in Patients with Cervical Degenerative Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pain Res 2023; 16:4229-4239. [PMID: 38107369 PMCID: PMC10723189 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s423144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the predictive factors of neck pain (NP) in patients with cervical degenerative disease by retrospectively analyzing their occupational and demographic characteristics and to provide a valuable reference for preventing and treating chronic NP. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the occupational and demographic data of patients with cervical degenerative disease who had undergone anterior cervical surgery between June 2021 and December 2022 at our center. The patients were divided into NP and no-NP groups based on whether they had chronic NP before surgery. Relevant occupational and demographic data from all patients were statistically analyzed, and all variables were made categorical. Forward stepwise logistic regression models were constructed for preoperative chronic neck pain to explore the possible risk factors associated with chronic neck pain. Results The differences in smoking, being an office worker, BMI, and disease types between NP and no-NP groups were statistically significant. In contrast, there were no statistically significant in age, sex, academic level, duration, and degeneration grade between the two groups. Moreover, further logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) were related to chronic neck pain. Conclusion The present study indicated that smoking, being an office worker, having an abnormal BMI, and CSR were predisposing risk factors for NP associated with cervical degenerative disease. Although intervertebral disc degeneration is the pathology basis of NP, the degeneration grade was not related to the occurrence of NP in our current study. Therefore, quitting smoking, avoiding sedentariness, and maintaining a normal BMI may prevent NP to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Medical University, Graduate School, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Qian
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Qinhuangdao Aier Ophthalmic Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Graduate School, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Crump KB, Alminnawi A, Bermudez‐Lekerika P, Compte R, Gualdi F, McSweeney T, Muñoz‐Moya E, Nüesch A, Geris L, Dudli S, Karppinen J, Noailly J, Le Maitre C, Gantenbein B. Cartilaginous endplates: A comprehensive review on a neglected structure in intervertebral disc research. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1294. [PMID: 38156054 PMCID: PMC10751983 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cartilaginous endplates (CEP) are key components of the intervertebral disc (IVD) necessary for sustaining the nutrition of the disc while distributing mechanical loads and preventing the disc from bulging into the adjacent vertebral body. The size, shape, and composition of the CEP are essential in maintaining its function, and degeneration of the CEP is considered a contributor to early IVD degeneration. In addition, the CEP is implicated in Modic changes, which are often associated with low back pain. This review aims to tackle the current knowledge of the CEP regarding its structure, composition, permeability, and mechanical role in a healthy disc, how they change with degeneration, and how they connect to IVD degeneration and low back pain. Additionally, the authors suggest a standardized naming convention regarding the CEP and bony endplate and suggest avoiding the term vertebral endplate. Currently, there is limited data on the CEP itself as reported data is often a combination of CEP and bony endplate, or the CEP is considered as articular cartilage. However, it is clear the CEP is a unique tissue type that differs from articular cartilage, bony endplate, and other IVD tissues. Thus, future research should investigate the CEP separately to fully understand its role in healthy and degenerated IVDs. Further, most IVD regeneration therapies in development failed to address, or even considered the CEP, despite its key role in nutrition and mechanical stability within the IVD. Thus, the CEP should be considered and potentially targeted for future sustainable treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Crump
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ahmad Alminnawi
- GIGA In Silico MedicineUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Biomechanics Research Unit, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Roger Compte
- Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologySt. Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Francesco Gualdi
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Terence McSweeney
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Estefano Muñoz‐Moya
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrea Nüesch
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Liesbet Geris
- GIGA In Silico MedicineUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Biomechanics Research Unit, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Center of Experimental RheumatologyDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and RheumatologyBalgrist University Hospital, Balgrist Campus, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthOuluFinland
- Rehabilitation Services of South Karelia Social and Health Care DistrictLappeenrantaFinland
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Li Y, Zhou S, Hu X, Lu S. The pathological mechanisms of circRNAs in mediating intervertebral disc degeneration. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:633-640. [PMID: 37780894 PMCID: PMC10539873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a worldwide health problem associated with significant economic and social burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of LBP. Several studies show that the death of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), abnormal metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammatory response are the key mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of IVDD. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play a significant role in regulating NPCs death, ECM homeostasis, and inflammatory response by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) sponges in IVDD. However, the regulatory role of circRNAs in mediating IVDD remains unknown. This review comprehensively describes the normal anatomic structure and function of IVD, the pathogenesis of IVDD, the characteristics, synthesis, mechanisms, and function of circRNAs. Moreover, we highlighted the 23 circRNAs that mediate ECM metabolism, 16 circRNAs that mediate NPCs apoptosis, circ_0004354 and circ_0040039 that mediate NPCs pyroptosis, and 5 circRNAs that mediate inflammatory response in IVDD. In addition, this review presents suggestions for future studies, such as the need for further investigation on ferroptosis-related circRNAs in IVDD. This review could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui No 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Yurube T, Han I, Sakai D. Concepts of Regeneration for Spinal Diseases in 2023. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16335. [PMID: 38003526 PMCID: PMC10671128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is our pleasure to announce the publication of the Special Issue "Regeneration for Spinal Diseases 3.0" in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan;
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Wen ZQ, Lin J, Xie WQ, Shan YH, Zhen GH, Li YS. Insights into the underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of endoplasmic reticulum stress in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:54. [PMID: 37941072 PMCID: PMC10634069 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases are structural and functional failures of the musculoskeletal system, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and sarcopenia. As the global population ages, degenerative musculoskeletal diseases are becoming more prevalent. However, the pathogenesis of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases is not fully understood. Previous studies have revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a stress response that occurs when impairment of the protein folding capacity of the ER leads to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER, contributing to degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. By affecting cartilage degeneration, synovitis, meniscal lesion, subchondral bone remodeling of osteoarthritis, bone remodeling and angiogenesis of osteoporosis, nucleus pulposus degeneration, annulus fibrosus rupture, cartilaginous endplate degeneration of IVDD, and sarcopenia, ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Preclinical studies have found that regulation of ER stress can delay the progression of multiple degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. These pilot studies provide foundations for further evaluation of the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ER stress modulators in the treatment of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we have integrated up-to-date research findings of ER stress into the pathogenesis of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. In a future perspective, we have also discussed possible directions of ER stress in the investigation of degenerative musculoskeletal disease, potential therapeutic strategies for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases using ER stress modulators, as well as underlying challenges and obstacles in bench-to-beside research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qin Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215001, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yun-Han Shan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ge-Hua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Zou X, Zhang X, Han S, Wei L, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Xin J, Zhang S. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of matrix metalloproteinases in intervertebral disc degeneration: A comprehensive review. Biochimie 2023; 214:27-48. [PMID: 37268183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a common disorder that affects the spine and is a major cause of lower back pain (LBP). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the structural foundation of the biomechanical properties of IVD, and its degradation is the main pathological characteristic of IDD. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of endopeptidases that play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the ECM. Several recent studies have shown that the expression and activity of many MMP subgroups are significantly upregulated in degenerated IVD tissue. This upregulation of MMPs results in an imbalance of ECM anabolism and catabolism, leading to the degradation of the ECM and the development of IDD. Therefore, the regulation of MMP expression is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IDD. Recent research has focused on identifying the mechanisms by which MMPs cause ECM degradation and promote IDD, as well as on developing therapies that target MMPs. In summary, MMP dysregulation is a crucial factor in the development of IDD, and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved is needed to develop effective biological therapies that target MMPs to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Hou Z, Wang W, Su S, Chen Y, Chen L, Lu Y, Zhou H. Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Biomechanical Research on Lumbar Intervertebral Disc. J Pain Res 2023; 16:3441-3462. [PMID: 37869478 PMCID: PMC10590139 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s428991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomechanical research on the lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) provides valuable information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of related diseases, and has received increasing attention. Using bibliometric methods and visualization techniques, this study investigates for the first time the research status and development trends in this field, with the aim of providing guidance and support for subsequent research. Methods The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used as the data source to select literature published from 2003 to 2022 related to biomechanical research on lumbar IVD. VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R2 visualization software, as well as the online analysis platform of literature metrology, were utilized to generate scientific knowledge maps for visual display and data analysis. Results The United States is the most productive country in this field, with the Ulm University making the largest contribution. Wilke HJ is both the most prolific author and one of the highly cited authors, while Adams MA is the most cited author. Spine, J Biomech, Eur Spine J, Spine J, and Clin Biomech are not only the journals with the highest number of publications, but also highly cited journals. The main research topics in this field include constructing and validating three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of lumbar spine, measuring intradiscal pressure, exploring the biomechanical effects and related risk factors of lumbar disc degeneration, studying the mechanical responses to different torque load combinations, and classifying lumbar disc degeneration based on magnetic resonance images (MRI), which are also the hot research themes in recent years. Conclusion This study systematically reviews the knowledge system and development trends in the field of biomechanics of lumbar IVD, providing valuable references for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Hou
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yancheng TCM Hospital, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoting Su
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longhao Chen
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Injury Repair in Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Injury Repair in Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghai Zhou
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Injury Repair in Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Subramanian P, Ramachandran K, Arumugam T, Shetty AP, Kanna RM, Shanmuganathan R. Evaluation of Disc and Endplate Degeneration in AO Type A Fractures Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e758-e765. [PMID: 37562684 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disc degeneration after trauma has been the focus of several investigations, although vertebral endplate changes have received comparatively less attention. The main aim of the present study is to radiologically evaluate the prevalence of the degree of degeneration of the adjacent discs and endplates after AO type A thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with an AO type A injury (50 discs and 150 endplates). The type of disc lesion adjacent to the fractured vertebra was classified using the Pfirrmann and Oner classifications immediately after trauma and at the 1-year follow-up. The endplate defects were assessed using the endplate scoring system (total endplate score 1-6) in T1-weighted images. The kyphosis angle and vertebral body height were also measured. RESULTS The study population consisted of 18 men (72%) and 7 women (28%), with a mean age of 38.9 ± 11.3 years. Overall, 28% of the fractures were type A1, 4% were type A2, 24% were type A3, and 44% were type A4. On statistical analysis, a significant change was found in the degree of degeneration in the cranial adjacent disc using both the Oner (P = 0.004) and Pfirrmann (P = 0.001) classifications at the end of 1 year. The morphological changes at the cranial adjacent discs at 1 year of follow-up showed a strong positive correlation with superior endplate degeneration. CONCLUSIONS The results from the present study indicate that endplate fractures of vertebrae in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures can cause disc degeneration, especially at the cranial endplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetish Subramanian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore, India
| | - Karthik Ramachandran
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore, India
| | - Thirumurugan Arumugam
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore, India
| | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore, India.
| | - Rishi Mugesh Kanna
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore, India
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Lama P, Tiwari J, Mutreja P, Chauhan S, Harding IJ, Dolan T, Adams MA, Maitre CL. Cell clusters in intervertebral disc degeneration: an attempted repair mechanism aborted via apoptosis. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:382-393. [PMID: 37503630 PMCID: PMC10520859 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell clusters are a histological hallmark feature of intervertebral disc degeneration. Clusters arise from cell proliferation, are associated with replicative senescence, and remain metabolically, but their precise role in various stages of disc degeneration remain obscure. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate small, medium, and large size cell-clusters. For this purpose, human disc samples were collected from 55 subjects, aged 37-72 years, 21 patients had disc herniation, 10 had degenerated non-herniated discs, and 9 had degenerative scoliosis with spinal curvature <45°. 15 non-degenerated control discs were from cadavers. Clusters and matrix changes were investigated with histology, immunohistochemistry, and Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Data obtained were analyzed with spearman rank correlation and ANOVA. Results revealed, small and medium-sized clusters were positive for cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in control and slightly degenerated human discs, while large cell clusters were typically more abundant in severely degenerated and herniated discs. Large clusters associated with matrix fissures, proteoglycan loss, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and Caspase-3. Spatial association findings were reconfirmed with SDS-PAGE that showed presence to these target markers based on its molecular weight. Controls, slightly degenerated discs showed smaller clusters, less proteoglycan loss, MMP-1, and Caspase-3. In conclusion, cell clusters in the early stages of degeneration could be indicative of repair, however sustained loading increases large cell clusters especially around microscopic fissures that accelerates inflammatory catabolism and alters cellular metabolism, thus attempted repair process initiated by cell clusters fails and is aborted at least in part via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Lama
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Jerina Tiwari
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Pulkit Mutreja
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Sukirti Chauhan
- Department of Anatomy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Ian J Harding
- Centre for Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Trish Dolan
- Centre for Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael A Adams
- Centre for Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Xu H, Li J, Fei Q, Jiang L. Contribution of immune cells to intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential of immunotherapy. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:413-427. [PMID: 37161923 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2212051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports that chronic low back pain is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is accompanied by decreased cell activity and matrix degradation. The role of immune cells, especially macrophages, in a variety of diseases has been extensively studied; therefore, their role in IDD has naturally attracted widespread scholarly interest. The IVD is considered to be an immunologically-privileged site given the presence of physical and biological barriers that include an avascular microenvironment, a high proteoglycan concentration, high physical pressure, the presence of apoptosis inducers such as Fas ligand, and the presence of notochordal cells. However, during IDD, immune cells with distinct characteristics appear in the IVD. Some of these immune cells release factors that promote the inflammatory response and angiogenesis in the disc and are, therefore, important drivers of IDD. Although some studies have elucidated the role of immune cells, no specific strategies related to systemic immunotherapy have been proposed. Herein, we summarize current knowledge of the presence and role of immune cells in IDD and consider that immunotherapy targeting immune cells may be a novel strategy for alleviating IDD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinming Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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Zheng H, Li B, Song S, Jiang L, Zheng X, Jiang S. High Endplate Hounsfield Units Value Indicate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Following Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:2291-2299. [PMID: 37526120 PMCID: PMC10475678 DOI: 10.1111/os.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a common cause of low back pain and disability, and its prevalence increases with age. The aim of this study is to investigate whether endplate Hounsfield unit (HU) values have an effect on lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent TLIF surgery in January 2016 to October 2019. One hundred and fifty-seven patients who underwent TLIF surgery for degenerative lumbar stenosis were enrolled in this study. Demographic data was recorded. VAS and ODI values were compared to assess the surgical outcomes in patients with or without process of LDD after TLIF surgery. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate associations between LDD and endplate HU value. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to study relationships between the DDD and the multiple risk factors. RESULTS There was a statistically significant correlation between LDD, body mass index (BMI), age, paraspinal muscle atrophy, and total endplate scores (TEPS). Also, a strong and independent association between endplate HU value and LDD was found at every lumbar disc level (p < 0.01). After conditioning on matching factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher endplate HU (odds ratio [OR]: 1.003, p = 0.003), higher TEPS (OR: 1.264, p = 0.002), higher BMI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.202, p = 0.002), a smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) of the paraspinal muscle preoperatively (OR: 0.096, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of LDD development after TLIF surgery. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between LDD and endplate HU value after TLIF surgery in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. Beyond that, results from this study provide a mechanism by which high endplate HU value predisposes to LDD after TLIF surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo‐Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shao‐Kuan Song
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lei‐Sheng Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin‐Feng Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Sheng‐Dan Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Lin SS, Ueng SWN, Chong KY, Chan YS, Tsai TT, Yuan LJ, Liu SJ, Yang CY, Hsiao HY, Hsueh YJ, Chen CA, Niu CC. Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Intervention on the Degenerated Intervertebral Disc: From Molecular Mechanisms to Animal Models. Cells 2023; 12:2111. [PMID: 37626921 PMCID: PMC10453512 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) 107 expression is downregulated but Wnt3a protein and β-catenin are upregulated in degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). We investigated mir-107/Wnt3a-β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo following hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) intervention. Our results showed 96 miRNAs were upregulated and 66 downregulated in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) following HBO treatment. The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the Wnt3a mRNA contained the "seed-matched-sequence" for miR-107. MiR-107 was upregulated and a marked suppression of Wnt3a was observed simultaneously in degenerated NPCs following HBO intervention. Knockdown of miR-107 upregulated Wnt3a expression in hyperoxic cells. HBO downregulated the protein expression of Wnt3a, phosphorylated LRP6, and cyclin D1. There was decreased TOP flash activity following HBO intervention, whereas the FOP flash activity was not affected. HBO decreased the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and decreased the secretion of MMP-3 and -9 in degenerated NPCs. Moreover, rabbit serum KS levels and the stained area for Wnt3a and β-catenin in repaired cartilage tended to be lower in the HBO group. We observed that HBO inhibits Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling-related pathways by upregulating miR-107 expression in degenerated NPCs. HBO may play a protective role against IVD degeneration and could be used as a future therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Shu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Steve W. N. Ueng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Jen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chuen-Yung Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hsueh
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chung-An Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-S.L.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-T.T.); (C.-Y.Y.); (C.-A.C.)
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Laboratory, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Sood A, Mishra GV, Suryadevara M, Parihar P, Khandelwal S, Manuja N, Saboo K, Shelar SS, Ahuja A, Batra N. Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Evaluating Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43340. [PMID: 37700953 PMCID: PMC10493165 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc is the most common cause of lower back pain. It is directly related to daily activities, mechanical stress, and other biological factors. We use imaging modalities to assess the degree of disc degeneration, out of which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most popular non-invasive modality. It is believed that early changes in disc degeneration are due to the biochemical events in the disc and can be evaluated by sequences in MRI involving the diffusion of water molecules. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is one such sequence that captures the signals based on the diffusion of water molecules. Ten articles were chosen from PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms 'lumbar spine degeneration' and 'apparent diffusion coefficient'. This review article has summarized various studies intending to gain a better understanding of the biochemical events leading to the development of disc degeneration. This study has also gathered the role of various sequences in MRI that can quantitatively assess disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sood
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Gaurav V Mishra
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Manasa Suryadevara
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratap Parihar
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Shreya Khandelwal
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Nishtha Manuja
- Internal Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Keyur Saboo
- Internal Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Sheetal S Shelar
- Radiodiagnosis, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhinav Ahuja
- Internal Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
| | - Nitish Batra
- Internal Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND
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Huang CY, Loo DM, Gu W. Modeling of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in intervertebral disc cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 162:107039. [PMID: 37295387 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Loss of proteoglycan (PG) is a potential factor responsible for degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). PG consists of a core protein with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model of GAG biosynthesis to investigate the effects of glycolytic enzymes on GAG biosynthesis of IVD cells. A new mathematical model of GAG biosynthesis was developed for IVD cells by incorporating biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate-sugars into the glycolytic pathway. This new model showed good agreement between the model predictions of intracellular ATP content and GAG biosynthesis and experimental data measured at different external glucose levels. The quantitative analyses demonstrated that GAG biosynthesis may be sensitive to the activities of hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), especially at low glucose supply, with GAG biosynthesis being significantly enhanced by a slight increase in activities of HK and PFK. This suggests that metabolic reprogramming could be a potential strategy for promoting PG biosynthesis in IVD cells. Furthermore, it was shown that GAG biosynthesis may be promoted by increasing intracellular glutamine concentration or activity of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase in the hexamine pathway. This study provides a better understanding of the relationship between glycolysis and PG biosynthesis in IVD cells. The theoretical framework developed in this study is useful for studying the role of glycolysis in disc degeneration and developing new preventive and treatment strategies for degeneration of the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Daniela M Loo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Weiyong Gu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Suri P, Elgaeva EE, Williams FMK, Freidin MB, Zaytseva OO, Aulchenko YS, Tsepilov YA. Evidence of causal effects of blood pressure on back pain and back pain on type II diabetes provided by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Spine J 2023; 23:1161-1171. [PMID: 37061135 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes) have been proposed as risk factors for back pain. However, few longitudinal studies have found significant associations between cardiovascular risk factors and back pain, and these may be explained by confounding or reverse causation. PURPOSE To examine potential causal effects of cardiovascular risk factors on back pain, and vice versa. STUDY DESIGN Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. PATIENT SAMPLES Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with sample sizes between 173,082 and 1,028,947 participants. OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included (1) back pain associated with health care use (BP-HC) in the forward MR; and (2) seven cardiovascular phenotypes in the reverse MR, including 2 measurements used for the evaluation of hypertension (diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure), 4 phenotypes related to dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), and type II diabetes. METHODS We used summary statistics from large, publicly available GWAS for BP-HC and the 7 cardiovascular phenotypes to obtain genetic instrumental variables. We examined MR evidence for causal associations using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect (CAUSE), and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS In forward MR analyses of seven cardiovascular phenotypes, diastolic blood pressure was associated with BP-HC across all analyses (IVW estimate: OR = 1.10 per 10.5 mm Hg increase [1.04-1.17], p-value = .001), and significant associations of systolic blood pressure with BP-HC were also found (IVW estimate: OR = 1.09 per 19.3 mm Hg increase [1.04-1.15], p-value = .0006). In reverse MR analyses, only type II diabetes was associated with BP-HC across all analyses (IVW estimate: OR = 1.40 [1.13-1.73], p-value = .002). CONCLUSIONS These findings from analyses of large, population-based samples indicate that higher blood pressure increases the risk of BP-HC, and BP-HC itself increases the risk of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Suri
- Division of Rehabilitation Care Services, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 98108, Seattle, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 98108, Seattle, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, 98104, Seattle, USA; Clinical Learning, Evidence, and Research (CLEAR) Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, 98104, Seattle, USA.
| | - Elizaveta E Elgaeva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090,Novosibirsk, Russia; Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Fogg Buliding, Mile End Road, London, UK
| | - Olga O Zaytseva
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; PolyOmica, Het Vlaggeschip 61, 5237 PA, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Yakov A Tsepilov
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology & Genetics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Munesada D, Sakai D, Nakamura Y, Schol J, Matsushita E, Tamagawa S, Sako K, Ogasawara S, Sato M, Watanabe M. Investigation of the Mitigation of DMSO-Induced Cytotoxicity by Hyaluronic Acid following Cryopreservation of Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12289. [PMID: 37569664 PMCID: PMC10419032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop an off-the-shelf therapeutic product for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair using nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), it is beneficial to mitigate dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced cytotoxicity caused by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been shown to protect chondrocytes against ROS. Therefore, we examined the potential of HA on mitigating DMSO-induced cytotoxicity for the enhancement of NPC therapy. Human NPC cryopreserved in DMSO solutions were thawed, mixed with equal amounts of EDTA-PBS (Group E) or HA (Group H), and incubated for 3-5 h. After incubation, DMSO was removed, and the cells were cultured for 5 days. Thereafter, we examined cell viability, cell proliferation rates, Tie2 positivity (a marker of NP progenitor cells), and the estimated numbers of Tie2 positive cells. Fluorescence intensity of DHE and MitoSOX staining, as indicators for oxidative stress, were evaluated by flow cytometry. Group H showed higher rates of cell proliferation and Tie2 expressing cells with a trend toward suppression of oxidative stress compared to Group E. Thus, HA treatment appears to suppress ROS induced by DMSO. These results highlight the ability of HA to maintain NPC functionalities, suggesting that mixing HA at the time of transplantation may be useful in the development of off-the-shelf NPC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Munesada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Erika Matsushita
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sako
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Shota Ogasawara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (D.M.); (J.S.); (S.T.); (K.S.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (M.W.)
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University Graduate School, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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Waldenberg C, Brisby H, Hebelka H, Lagerstrand KM. Associations between Vertebral Localized Contrast Changes and Adjacent Annular Fissures in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Radiomics Approach. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4891. [PMID: 37568293 PMCID: PMC10420134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is multifactorial and associated with various spinal tissue changes, including intervertebral disc fissures, vertebral pathology, and damaged endplates. However, current radiological markers lack specificity and individualized diagnostic capability, and the interactions between the various markers are not fully clear. Radiomics, a data-driven analysis of radiological images, offers a promising approach to improve evaluation and deepen the understanding of spinal changes related to LBP. This study investigated possible associations between vertebral changes and annular fissures using radiomics. A dataset of 61 LBP patients who underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging followed by discography was analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from segmented vertebrae and carefully reduced to identify the most relevant features associated with annular fissures. The results revealed three important texture features that display concentrated high-intensity gray levels, extensive regions with elevated gray levels, and localized areas with reduced gray levels within the vertebrae. These features highlight patterns within vertebrae that conventional classification systems cannot reflect on distinguishing between vertebrae adjacent to an intervertebral disc with or without an annular fissure. As such, the present study reveals associations that contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and may provide improved diagnostics of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Waldenberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (H.B.); (H.H.)
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Brisby
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (H.B.); (H.H.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (H.B.); (H.H.)
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Magdalena Lagerstrand
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (H.B.); (H.H.)
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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Peng YJ, Chen CM, Li YF, Guo YT, Chen YT, Chao KH, Yang JJ. Patent blue versus methylene blue and indigo carmine as a better dye for chromodiscography: in vitro staining efficacy and cytotoxicity study using bovine coccygeal intervertebral discs. Spine J 2023; 23:1079-1087. [PMID: 36804435 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Chromodiscography is an integral part of full-endoscopic discectomy (FED), comprising ordinary discography with radiopacity produced by contrast medium and intradiscal stain for visualizing annular defects in the endoscopic field. Nevertheless, concerns remain about the cytotoxicity of the stains used. The study of their staining efficacy is also lacking. PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of methylene blue, patent blue, and indigo carmine for intradiscal injection, investigate the effectiveness of each dye, and define critical concentration with adequate staining efficacy and tolerable cytotoxicity for use in chromodiscography during FED. STUDY DESIGN An experimental in vitro study. METHODS Dye stock solutions were prepared from powder. The stock was diluted with culture medium or balanced saline and used for cytotoxicity or intervertebral disc staining assays, respectively. Bovine tails were obtained from the local slaughterhouse and functional spine units of intervertebral discs were acquired by transverse incision at the disc level. Each disc was punctured over the posterolateral aspect using a surgical knife to simulate an annular defect. The intradiscal injection was performed with each dye at different concentrations using a 22G needle from the contralateral aspect of the punctured site. Staining efficacy was quantified using ImageJ software. Primary cells of bovine tails were cultivated in each dye at different concentrations. Cytotoxicity was assessed 24 hours after stain exposure using the CCK-8 toxicity assay. RESULTS Staining efficacy and cytotoxicity were proportional to the concentration of tested dyes. Lower limits of concentration producing significant staining efficacy of indigo carmine, methylene blue, and patent blue were 0.25 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. Compared with controls, concentrations showing significant toxicity for indigo carmine, methylene blue, and patient blue were 1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patent blue can serve as a more suitable tissue stain than either indigo carmine or methylene blue due to the widest range of tradeoff concentration within 0.05 to 2.5 mg/mL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Patent blue with the characteristic of good staining efficacy and lower cytotoxicity may be a promising option for chromodiscography during FED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Cheng-Gong Road Section 2, Taipei 114, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Cheng-Gong Road Section 2, Taipei 114, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yao-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Cheng-Gong Road Section 2, Taipei 114, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Tzu Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Hua Chao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Cheng-Gong Road Section 2, Taipei 114, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Jung Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Cheng-Gong Road Section 2, Taipei 114, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Ristaniemi A, Šećerović A, Dischl V, Crivelli F, Heub S, Ledroit D, Weder G, Grad S, Ferguson SJ. Physiological and degenerative loading of bovine intervertebral disc in a bioreactor: A finite element study of complex motions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105900. [PMID: 37201227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and regenerative therapies are commonly studied in organ-culture experiments with uniaxial compressive loading. Recently, in our laboratory, we established a bioreactor system capable of applying loads in six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) to bovine IVDs, which replicates more closely the complex multi-axial loading of the IVD in vivo. However, the magnitudes of loading that are physiological (able to maintain cell viability) or mechanically degenerative are unknown for load cases combining several DOFs. This study aimed to establish physiological and degenerative levels of maximum principal strains and stresses in the bovine IVD tissue and to investigate how they are achieved under complex load cases related to common daily activities. The physiological and degenerative levels of maximum principal strains and stresses were determined via finite element (FE) analysis of bovine IVD subjected to experimentally established physiological and degenerative compressive loading protocols. Then, complex load cases, such as a combination of compression + flexion + torsion, were applied on the FE-model with increasing magnitudes of loading to discover when physiological and degenerative tissue strains and stresses were reached. When applying 0.1 MPa of compression and ±2-3° of flexion and ±1-2° of torsion the investigated mechanical parameters remained at physiological levels, but with ±6-8° of flexion in combination with ±2-4° of torsion, the stresses in the outer annulus fibrosus (OAF) exceeded degenerative levels. In the case of compression + flexion + torsion, the mechanical degeneration likely initiates at the OAF when loading magnitudes are high enough. The physiological and degenerative magnitudes can be used as guidelines for bioreactor experiments with bovine IVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Dischl
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Crivelli
- CSEM, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, Alpnach, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Heub
- CSEM, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diane Ledroit
- CSEM, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Weder
- CSEM, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Sun Z, Sun Y, Lu T, Li J, Mi C. A swelling-based biphasic analysis on the quasi-static biomechanical behaviors of healthy and degenerative intervertebral discs. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 235:107513. [PMID: 37030175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The degeneration of intervertebral discs is significantly dependent of the changes in tissue composition ratio and tissue structure. Up to the present, the effects of degeneration on the quasi-static biomechanical responses of discs have not been well understood. The goal of this study is to quantitatively analyze the quasi-static responses of healthy and degenerative discs. METHODS Four biphasic swelling-based finite element models are developed and quantitatively validated. Four quasi-static test protocols, including the free-swelling, slow-ramp, creep and stress-relaxation, are implemented. The double Voigt and double Maxwell models are further used to extract the immediate (or residual), short-term and long-term responses of these tests. RESULTS Simulation results show that both the swelling-induced pressure in the nucleus pulposus and the initial modulus decrease with degeneration. In the free-swelling test of discs possessing healthy cartilage endplates, simulation results show that over 80% of the total strain is contributed by the short-term response. The long-term response is dominant for discs with degenerated permeability in cartilage endplates. For the creep test, over 50% of the deformation is contributed by the long-term response. In the stress-relaxation test, the long-term stress contribution occupies approximately 31% of total response and is independent of degeneration. Both the residual and short-term responses vary monotonically with degeneration. In addition, both the glycosaminoglycan content and permeability affect the engineering equilibrium time constants of the rheologic models, in which the determining factor is the permeability. CONCLUSIONS The content of glycosaminoglycan in intervertebral soft tissues and the permeability of cartilage endplates are two critical factors that affect the fluid-dependent viscoelastic responses of intervertebral discs. The component proportions of the fluid-dependent viscoelastic responses depend also strongly on test protocols. In the slow-ramp test, the glycosaminoglycan content is responsible for the changes of the initial modulus. Since existing computational models simulate disc degenerations only by altering disc height, boundary conditions and material stiffness, the current work highlights the significance of biochemical composition and cartilage endplates permeability in the biomechanical behaviors of degenerated discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Street, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueli Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 30 Huangcheng West Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 30 Huangcheng West Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changwen Mi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Street, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
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Takeoka Y, Kanda Y, Kang JD, Mizuno S. Regenerative Capability of Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells in Degenerated Disc Under Hydrostatic Pressure Mimicking Physiologically Relevant Intradiscal Pressure In Vitro. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:728-736. [PMID: 36856558 PMCID: PMC10118243 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Isolated human nucleus pulposus (hNP) cells from the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) were incubated under hydrostatic pressure (HP) and evaluated for regenerative potential. OBJECTIVES To characterize metabolic turnover in hNP cells isolated from degenerated IVDs classified by Pfirrmann grade under physiologically relevant HP at high osmolality in vitro. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA We demonstrated that bovine caudal nucleus pulposus cells isolated from healthy cows produced more extracellular matrix under cyclic HP followed by constant pressure (mimicking physiological intradiscal pressure in humans) than under no pressure in vitro. We assessed the effects of pressure on human degenerated cells isolated under the same regimen of pressure used for bovine cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS hNP cells isolated from discarded tissue classified as Pfirrmann grade 2 to 3 (n = 13: age, 46.7 ± 14.0) and grade 4 (n = 13: age, 53.0 ± 11.5) were incubated under cyclic HP at 0.2 to 0.7 MPa, 0.5 Hz for 2 days followed by constant pressure at 0.3 MPa for 1 day, repeated twice over 6 days. The gene expression and immunohistology of matrix molecules and catabolic and anticatabolic proteins were evaluated. RESULTS Aggrecan and collagen type II expression were significantly more upregulated under HP in grades 2 to 3 than in grade 4 tissues (both, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between matrix metalloproteinase 13 and tissue inhibitor for metalloproteinase 2 expression in grades 2 to 3, whereas a negative correlation was found in grade 4 ( P < 0.05). Immunohistological staining revealed the activation of a mechanoreceptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, under HP. CONCLUSIONS Resident cells in mild-moderate degenerated discs classified as Pfirrmann grade 2 to 3 have the potential to promote extracellular matrix production and maintain adequate cell viability under physiological spinal loading. RELEVANCE This study explored the potential of degenerated remnant nucleus pulposus cells under a physiological environment, possibly leading to establishing strategies for IVD regeneration.
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Ohnishi H, Zhang Z, Yurube T, Takeoka Y, Kanda Y, Tsujimoto R, Miyazaki K, Matsuo T, Ryu M, Kumagai N, Kuroshima K, Hiranaka Y, Kuroda R, Kakutani K. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Adiponectin Receptor Agonist AdipoRon against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108566. [PMID: 37239908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, has anti-inflammatory effects and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as obesity, inflammatory diseases, and cartilage diseases. However, the function of adiponectin in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of AdipoRon, an agonist of adiponectin receptor, on human IVD nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, using a three-dimensional in vitro culturing system. This study also aimed to elucidate the effects of AdipoRon on rat tail IVD tissues using an in vivo puncture-induced IVD degeneration model. Analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the downregulation of gene expression of proinflammatory and catabolic factors by interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL) in human IVD NP cells treated with AdipoRon (2 μM). Furthermore, western blotting showed AdipoRon-induced suppression of p65 phosphorylation (p < 0.01) under IL-1β stimulation in the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Intradiscal administration of AdipoRon was effective in alleviating the radiologic height loss induced by annular puncture of rat tail IVD, histomorphological degeneration, production of extracellular matrix catabolic factors, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, AdipoRon could be a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating the early stage of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takeoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kanda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryu Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoya Matsuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masao Ryu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuroshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kakutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Ekram S, Khalid S, Ramzan F, Salim A, Bashir I, Durrieu MC, Khan I. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells from Oxidative Stress. Cartilage 2023:19476035231172154. [PMID: 37139781 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231172154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is mainly associated with the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; it causes nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) to undergo senescence and triggers autophagy and apoptosis. This study aims to evaluate the regeneration potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in an in vitro rat NPC-induced OS model. DESIGN NPCs were isolated from rat coccygeal discs, propagated, and characterized. OS was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is confirmed by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay. EVs were isolated from hUC-MSCs and characterized by analyzing the vesicles using fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot (WB). The in vitro effects of EVs on migration, uptake, and survival of NPCs were determined. RESULTS SEM and AFM topographic images revealed the size distribution of EVs. The phenotypes of isolated EVs showed that the size of EVs was 403.3 ± 85.94 nm, and the zeta potential was -0.270 ± 4.02 mV. Protein expression analysis showed that EVs were positive for CD81 and annexin V. Treatment of NPCs with EVs reduced H2O2-induced OS as evidenced by a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Co-culture of NPCs with DiI-labeled EVs showed the cellular internalization of EVs. In the scratch assay, EVs significantly increased NPC proliferation and migration toward the scratched area. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that EVs significantly reduced the expression of OS genes. CONCLUSION EVs protected NPCs from H2O2-induced OS by reducing intracellular ROS generation and improved NPC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Ekram
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Khalid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Ramzan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Bashir
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | | | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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