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Wang C, Zhang H, Wang F, Guo J, Yuan J, Hou G, Gao M, Li Z, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of PDE5 inhibitors in middle-aged and old patients with and without hypogonadism. Aging Male 2024; 27:2288347. [PMID: 38146937 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2288347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although several reviews have evaluated the use of PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for treating erectile dysfunction (ED), their specific use in middle-aged and old patients has not been fully evaluated. Given that elderly patients with ED often have a complex combination of systemic and sexual health risk factors, the safety and efficacy of PDE5i in such a context are hereby reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough examination of existing literature has been conducted on PubMed. RESULTS PDE5i has good safety and efficacy, but the situation is more complex for patients with hypogonadism than those with normal testosterone levels, with reduced responsiveness to PDE5i. In this case, combination therapy with testosterone is recommended, safe and effective. CONCLUSIONS Eliminating or reducing reversible risk factors and controlling or slowing the development of irreversible factors is an important foundation for using PDE5i to treat ED in all patients, especially middle-aged and elderly ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Wang
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Hui Zhang
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangdong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Andrology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital affiliated to Yan'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Icoz M, Kocamanoglu F. Changes in Posterior Ocular Structures in Individuals Using Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38853692 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2362849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine posterior ocular structures with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in individuals using a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDI, tadalafil). METHOD This prospective study included 26 eyes of 26 patients who used 1 tablet of 5-mg tadalafil regularly every day for 1 month due to erectile dysfunction. The routine ophthalmological examinations of the participants were performed at the pre-tadalafil and post-tadalafil first-month visits. At both visits, OCT was used to measure the central retinal thickness (CRT), ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thicknesses, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL; average and superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal quadrants) thicknesses. The disc area, rim area, average and vertical cup/disc ratio, and cup volume of the optic disc head were evaluated. Choroidal thickness was measured from five points: the subfoveal area and the nasal and temporal areas 500 and 1500 microns from the fovea. Choroidal vascular area values and choroidal vascular index (CVI) were calculated using a special binarization technique. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 56 ± 8(range 34-72) years. No significant difference was detected in the CRT,GCL + IPL thicknesses,or pRNFL thicknesses in any of the quadrants before and after tadalafil use.The optic disc head measurements and choroidal thickness values measured from five points were similar between the two visits.The luminal choroidal area was 0.15 ± 0.04 mm2 before tadalafil use and 0.17 ± 0.05 mm2 after 1-month tadalafil use, with no statistically significant difference. The remaining choroidal vascular parameters, namely the stromal and total choroidal area and CVI values, were similar between the two visits. CONCLUSION This study showed no significant change in the posterior ocular structures in individuals using tadalafil regular daily use for 1 month due to erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Icoz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey
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3
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Maki S, Takakura S, Tsuji M, Magawa S, Tamaishi Y, Nii M, Kaneda M, Yoshida K, Toriyabe K, Kondo E, Ikeda T. Tadalafil for Treatment of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:804. [PMID: 38672159 PMCID: PMC11047858 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major concern in perinatal care. Various medications have been proposed as potential treatments for this serious condition. Nonetheless, there is still no definitive treatment. We studied tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, as a therapeutic agent for FGR in clinical studies and animal experiments. In this review, we summarize our preclinical and clinical data on the use of tadalafil for FGR. Our studies in mouse models indicated that tadalafil improved FGR and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A phase II trial we conducted provided evidence supporting the efficacy of tadalafil in prolonging pregnancy (52.4 vs. 36.8 days; p = 0.03) and indicated a good safety profile for fetuses and neonates. Fetal, neonatal, and infant mortality was significantly lower in mothers receiving tadalafil treatment than that in controls (total number: 1 vs. 7, respectively; p = 0.03), and no severe adverse maternal events associated with tadalafil were observed. Although further studies are needed to establish the usefulness of tadalafil in FGR treatment, our research indicates that the use of tadalafil in FGR treatment may be a paradigm shift in perinatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.); (S.M.); (Y.T.); (M.N.); (M.K.); (K.Y.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (T.I.)
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Langarizadeh MA, Salary A, Tavakoli MR, Nejad BG, Fadaei S, Jahani Z, Forootanfar H. An overview of the history, current strategies, and potential future treatment approaches in erectile dysfunction: a comprehensive review. Sex Med Rev 2023:7131122. [PMID: 37076171 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common urologic problems in men worldwide, with an approximately high incidence rate, significantly affecting patients' quality of life and their sexual partners. OBJECTIVES Due to the association of this disorder with essential diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, its prevention and treatment are vital for overall human physiologic and psychological health. Along with reviewing the history of treatment and current methods, we seek new approaches to curb this issue in the future. METHODS In this review, investigations were based on the focus of each section's content or conducted on an ad hoc basis. Searches were performed in Scopus and PubMed. RESULTS In recent years, many treatments for ED have been reported besides oral administration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil and tadalafil (approved by the Food and Drug Administration). Common oral medications, intracavernous injections, herbal therapies (eg, herbal phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors), and topical/transdermal medications are routine ED treatment approaches. Moreover, some novel medications are innovative candidates for completing ED's treatment protocols: stem cell injection, low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy, platelet-rich plasma injection, gene therapy, amniotic fluid matrices, rho-kinase inhibitors, melanocortin receptor antagonists, maxi-K channel activators (ie, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels), guanylate cyclase activators, and nitric oxide donors. CONCLUSION Due to the importance of this complicated problem in men's society, a faster course of treatment trends toward new methods is needed to increase efficiency. Combining the mentioned treatments and attentively examining their efficacy through programmed clinical trials can be a big step toward solving this global problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salary
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical University, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Shirin Fadaei
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Zahra Jahani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
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Bondarev AD, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Liu W, Schiöth HB. Recent developments of phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Clinical trials, emerging indications and novel molecules. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057083. [PMID: 36506513 PMCID: PMC9731127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, key regulator of the cyclic nucleotide signal transduction system, are long-established as attractive therapeutic targets. During investigation of trends within clinical trials, we have identified a particularly high number of clinical trials involving PDE inhibitors, prompting us to further evaluate the current status of this class of therapeutic agents. In total, we have identified 87 agents with PDE-inhibiting capacity, of which 85 interact with PDE enzymes as primary target. We provide an overview of the clinical drug development with focus on the current clinical uses, novel molecules and indications, highlighting relevant clinical studies. We found that the bulk of current clinical uses for this class of therapeutic agents are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vascular and cardiovascular disorders and inflammatory skin conditions. In COPD, particularly, PDE inhibitors are characterised by the compliance-limiting adverse reactions. We discuss efforts directed to appropriately adjusting the dose regimens and conducting structure-activity relationship studies to determine the effect of structural features on safety profile. The ongoing development predominantly concentrates on central nervous system diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and fragile X syndrome; notable advancements are being also made in mycobacterial infections, HIV and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our analysis predicts the diversification of PDE inhibitors' will continue to grow thanks to the molecules in preclinical development and the ongoing research involving drugs in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Bondarev
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Wen Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Helgi B. Schiöth,
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Larios-Cárdenas M, González-Radillo OI, Trujillo-Quirós J, Cardona-Müller D, Barocio-Pantoja M, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Grover-Páez F. Tadalafil Improves Haemodynamics and Arterial Stiffness but Not Flow- Mediated Dilation in Grade 1 Obesity. A Single-dose, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:527-533. [PMID: 36043781 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666220827154417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity, a major health issue worldwide, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Tadalafil has been demonstrated to improve vascular parameters. AIM To evaluate the effect of a single 20 mg dose of tadalafil on flow-mediated dilation and hemodynamic and arterial stiffness markers. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 80 participants (41 assigned to placebo and 39 to tadalafil) with grade 1 obesity, to evaluate the acute effect of a single dose of 20 mg of tadalafil on flow-mediated dilation and hemodynamic and arterial stiffness markers. RESULTS Tadalafil did not modify flow-mediated dilation. However, it significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (130.6±17.1 vs. 125.0±12.7 mmHg, p=0.011), diastolic blood pressure (82.7±18.2 vs. 76.5±11.8 mmHg, p≤0.001), central systolic blood pressure (116.33±19.16 vs. 109.90±15.05 mmHg, p=0.001), the augmentation index (69.1±17.1 vs. 65.7±14.4, p=0.012), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (1229.7±218.4 vs. 1164.0±181.7, p=0.001). CONCLUSION A single dose of tadalafil did not modify flow-mediated dilation in patients with grade 1 obesity but improved blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Larios-Cárdenas
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Oscar I González-Radillo
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jhonatan Trujillo-Quirós
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - David Cardona-Müller
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Marycruz Barocio-Pantoja
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ernesto G Cardona-Muñoz
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Fernando Grover-Páez
- Vascular Mechanics Laboratory, Experimental Therapeutic and Clinic Institute, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Health Sciences University Centre, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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7
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A Review on Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors as a Topical Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2022; 10:376-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Rodríguez-Fdez S, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Fabbiano S, Menacho-Márquez M, Sauzeau V, Dosil M, Bustelo XR. New Functions of Vav Family Proteins in Cardiovascular Biology, Skeletal Muscle, and the Nervous System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090857. [PMID: 34571735 PMCID: PMC8472352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we provide information on the role of Vav proteins, a group of signaling molecules that act as both Rho GTPase activators and adaptor molecules, in the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and the nervous system. We also describe how these functions impact in other physiological and pathological processes such as sympathoregulation, blood pressure regulation, systemic metabolism, and metabolic syndrome. Abstract Vav proteins act as tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated guanosine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases and as molecular scaffolds. In mammals, this family of signaling proteins is composed of three members (Vav1, Vav2, Vav3) that work downstream of protein tyrosine kinases in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent work with genetically modified mouse models has revealed that these proteins play key signaling roles in vascular smooth and skeletal muscle cells, specific neuronal subtypes, and glia cells. These functions, in turn, ensure the proper regulation of blood pressure levels, skeletal muscle mass, axonal wiring, and fiber myelination events as well as systemic metabolic balance. The study of these mice has also led to the discovery of new physiological interconnection among tissues that contribute to the ontogeny and progression of different pathologies such as, for example, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we provide an integrated view of all these new Vav family-dependent signaling and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodríguez-Fdez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Salvatore Fabbiano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Márquez
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental, CONICET, Rosario 3100, Argentina
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Institut du Thorax, UMR1087 CNRS 6291, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44096 Nantes, France
| | - Mercedes Dosil
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.R.-F.); (L.F.L.-M.); (S.F.); (M.M.-M.); (V.S.); (M.D.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-663-194-634
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Arora S, Surakiatchanukul T, Arora T, Cagini C, Lupidi M, Chhablani J. Sildenafil in ophthalmology: An update. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:463-487. [PMID: 34175342 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate, a selective oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, is a widely used drug for erectile dysfunction that acts by elevating cGMP levels and causing smooth muscle relaxation. It also has 10% activity against PDE6, a key enzyme in phototransduction cascade in the retina. Recent ocular imaging developments have further revealed the influence of sildenafil on ocular hemodynamics, particularly choroidal perfusion. Choroidal thickness is increased, and choroidal perfusion is also enhanced by autoregulatory mechanisms that are further dependent on age and microvascular abnormalities. Studies demonstrating high intraocular pressure via a "parallel pathway" from increased choroidal volume and blood flow to the ciliary body have challenged previous concepts. Another new observation is the effect of sildenafil on bipolar cells and cyclic-nucleotide gated channels. We discuss potential deleterious effects (central serous chorioretinopathy, glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, and risks to recessive carriers of retinitis pigmentosa), potential beneficial effects (ameliorate choroidal ischemia, prevent thickening of Bruch membrane, and promote recovery of the ellipsoid zone) in macular degeneration, as well as potential drug interactions of sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Arora
- Bahamas Vision Centre and Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau NP, Bahamas.
| | - Thamolwan Surakiatchanukul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, New York Medical College, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Tarun Arora
- Bahamas Vision Centre and Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau NP, Bahamas.
| | - Carlo Cagini
- Department of Biochemical and Surgical Sciences, Section of ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Lupidi
- Department of Biochemical and Surgical Sciences, Section of ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jay Chhablani
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Eye Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Emara S, Alhasso A. Scar-modulating agents post urethroplasty: Could phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors be the answer? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415820922428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitors (PDEIs) are most commonly prescribed by urologists for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. They are also gaining popularity as a treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms, based on their effect on smooth muscles – either vascular smooth muscles or smooth muscles in the urinary tract. For vascular smooth muscles, they cause vasodilation, enhanced microcirculatory haemodynamics through inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion, induction of apoptosis of adhesion fibroblasts and a reduction in the scarring process. Methodology: We reviewed articles published in English and indexed in the PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases, and consulted textbooks. Key search terms used were: urethral stricture, anti-fibrotic, scar-modulating agent, PDEIs, urethral scarring and urethroplasty. We created a synopsis of relevant articles, including original research studies and reviews. Level of evidence: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Emara
- Reconstructive Urology, Western General Hospital, UK
| | - Ammar Alhasso
- Reconstructive Urology, Western General Hospital, UK
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11
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Ding X, Xiao C, Chen X. Enhanced nanoparticle accumulation by tumor-acidity-activatable release of sildenafil to induce vasodilation. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3052-3062. [PMID: 32347852 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient nanoparticle accumulation in solid tumors hinders the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines. Herein, we proposed that sildenafil, a vasodilator ampholyte, could be used to promote nanoparticle accumulation by inducing vasodilation after its tumor acidity-triggered release from the nanocarriers. To confirm this, sildenafil was first encapsulated in a cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelle. The dense PEG shell of the micelle reduced its endocytosis by cancer cells, which in return resulted in accumulative extracellular release of protonated sildenafil in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The released sildenafil was found to be more effective in enlarging the tumor blood vessels than could be achieved without sildenafil. As a result, we demonstrated considerable improvement in the intratumoral accumulation of the sildenafil-cisplatin co-loaded nanoparticle and its enhanced cancer therapeutic efficacy over the control group. Given the generality of a dense PEG shell and a hydrophobic part in most clinically developed nanomedicines, this work implies the great potential of sildenafil as a simple and universal adjuvant to selectively promote the intratumoral accumulation of nanomedicines, thus improving their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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12
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Wu Y, Qu X, Wang Y, Xia J, Gu Y, Qian Q, Hong Y. Effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on prostate cancer risk and biochemical recurrence after prostate cancer treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13198. [PMID: 30443968 DOI: 10.1111/and.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have examined the impact of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) use on the risk of prostate cancer, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer patients, but the results were inconsistent. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the associations with all published studies. Databases (PubMed, Web of Science and MEDLINE) were retrieved to identify relevant studies which explored the impact of PDE5-Is use on the risk of prostate cancer, and BCR in prostate cancer patients. The summary results along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Nine articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis showed that PDE5-Is use was not related to the increased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR), 0.71; 95% CI, 0.40-1.29). Moreover, PDE5-Is use was not linked to BCR risk in prostate cancer patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (relative risk (RR), 1.09; 95% CI, 0.89-1.34). The heterogeneity test suggested moderate heterogeneity across studies. PDE5-Is use does not influence the risk of prostate cancer, and BCR in prostate cancer patients. More well-designed studies are warranted to confirm the findings of our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Wu
- National Institute of Clinical Research, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju Xia
- National Institute of Clinical Research, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- National Institute of Clinical Research, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Qian
- National Institute of Clinical Research, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hong
- National Institute of Clinical Research, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Osteology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Greish K, Fateel M, Abdelghany S, Rachel N, Alimoradi H, Bakhiet M, Alsaie A. Sildenafil citrate improves the delivery and anticancer activity of doxorubicin formulations in a mouse model of breast cancer. J Drug Target 2017; 26:610-615. [PMID: 29148852 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1405427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil is an approved drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The drug exerts its action through the relaxation of smooth muscles and the modulation of vascular endothelial permeability. In this work, we tested whether the aforementioned effects of sildenafil on tumour vasculatures could result in an improvement of anticancer drug concentration in tumour tissues and hence improves its anticancer effect. Sildenafil when added to doxorubicin showed synergistic anticancer activity against 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. Adding 1, 30 and 100 μM of Viagra to 1 μM of doxorubicin resulted in 1.8-fold, 6.2-fold and 21-fold statistically significant increases in its cytotoxic effect, respectively. As a result, 4T1 tumour-bearing mice showed up to 2.7-fold increase in drug concentrations of the fluorescent Dye DiI and doxorubicin in tumour tissues, as well as their nanoformulations. Animals treated with the combinations of both Sildenafil citrate and doxorubicin showed a statistically significant 4.7-fold reduction in tumour size compared to doxorubicin alone. This work highlights the effect of Sildenafil on tumour vasculatures and provides a rational for further testing the combination on breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine , Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain
| | - Maryam Fateel
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine , Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain
| | - Sara Abdelghany
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine , Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain
| | - Nanitha Rachel
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine , Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine , Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Alsaie
- c Talal Abu Ghazaleh University , Manama , Bahrain
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Nazari A, Tabrizi YT, Mokhtaree M. Effect of periodic sildenafil dosage on intraocular pressure in patients with erectile dysfunction. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5229-5232. [PMID: 29038701 PMCID: PMC5633217 DOI: 10.19082/5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sildenafil is used to treat erectile dysfunction but it has association with some side effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of duration of taking sildenafil on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with erectile dysfunction. METHODS The study population of this cross-sectional study were all males with erectile dysfunction referring to the urology clinic affiliated to Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Kerman, Iran) over a one-year period (2015-2016) among whom 110 patients were included in the study. After medical examinations and required investigations, a weekly dose of 25-100mg sildenafil (50 mg per week on average) was prescribed for patients. IOP in these patients was measured by an ophthalmologist before, one month after and three months after taking medication respectively. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using repeated measures test. RESULTS Mean IOP before taking medication as well as one month and three months after taking sildenafil was 14.88±1.3, 15±1.28 and 15±1.34 mmHg respectively. Analysis of results showed that the difference in IOP in various periods of measurement was significant (p<0.001). Mean IOP before taking sildenafil was significantly different from three months after taking it (p<0.001) and mean IOP one month after taking sildenafil was significantly different from three months after taking it (p=0.002). CONCLUSION Results of this study indicated that taking sildenafil for three months increased IOP. Although these changes may not be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazari
- M.D. Urologist, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Yousof Taghavi Tabrizi
- M.D. Ophthalmologist, Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mokhtaree
- M.Sc. of Educational Psychology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Hong JH, Kwon YS, Kim IY. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:183-192. [PMID: 27690667 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1244265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are the first-line drugs in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, over the past two decades tremendous efforts have been made to identify new clinical uses of PDE5Is beyond their roles in ED. Areas covered: Basic science articles, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analysis published between 1996 and 2015 were searched using MEDLINE (PubMed interface) to collect the most relevant and impactful studies from our perspectives as practicing urologists. This review mainly focuses on the level one evidence-based clinical efficacy and drug-related toxicity of oral PDE5Is. In addition, drug discovery, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potential use in other diseases, and future directions are discussed. Expert opinion: On-demand PED5Is for the treatment of ED has shifted toward chronic administration in a broad spectrum of conditions that are thought to be associated with endovascular health. Several studies have shown that PDE5Is may play a cardioprotective or neuroprotective role. Further studies are under way to verify beneficial effects of PDE5I in non-urological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Hong
- a Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology , Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , NJ , USA.,b Department of Urology , Dankook University College of Medicine , Cheonan , South Korea
| | - Young Suk Kwon
- a Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology , Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- a Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology , Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
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Bolnick JM, Kilburn BA, Bolnick AD, Diamond MP, Singh M, Hertz M, Dai J, Armant DR. Sildenafil stimulates human trophoblast invasion through nitric oxide and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate signaling. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1587-95.e952. [PMID: 25813289 PMCID: PMC10411948 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, on trophoblast invasiveness. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Placental tissues discarded after first-trimester terminations were obtained from patients with informed consent. INTERVENTION(S) A cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, established from first-trimester cytotrophoblast, and villous explants, was treated with or without sildenafil, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) analog, cGMP inhibitor, or L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) and cultured on fibronectin or Matrigel. Integrins α6β4 and α1β1 were detected by immunocytochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Trophoblast outgrowth from villous tips, cytotrophoblast cell invasion, and integrin immunostaining were assessed in cytotrophoblast and explant cultures. RESULT(S) Integrin expression in trophoblast cells ex vivo switched from α6 to α1, and invasiveness increased, when exposed to sildenafil or cGMP agonist. Either cGMP antagonist or L-NAME blocked integrin switching and invasion induced by sildenafil. Elevation of nitric oxide pharmacologically induced invasion, but not when cGMP antagonist was present. CONCLUSION(S) Sildenafil altered trophoblast phenotype through a process dependent on nitric oxide availability and cGMP accumulation. In addition to its vasoactivity, sildenafil directly stimulates trophoblast extravillous differentiation, which would be favorable for implantation and reduce risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alan D Bolnick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Manvinder Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael Hertz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - D Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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MG G. Intracavernous Administration of Adipose Stem Cells: A New Technique of Treating Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Patient, Preliminary Report of 6 Cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15406/mojcsr.2015.02.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang R, Chen W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Qiao X, Meng K, Mao Y. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor Tadalafil increases Rituximab treatment efficacy in a mouse brain lymphoma model. J Neurooncol 2014; 122:35-42. [PMID: 25524816 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The treatment efficacy of Rituximab on lymphoma as an immunotherapeutic approach is confirmed, but this treatment has limited penetration through the brain micro vessels. Such limitation significantly attenuates the efficacy of systemic administration of this antibody on brain lymphomas. We aimed to confirm that Tadalafil, a long-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, could increase microvascular permeability and Rituximab treatment efficacy in brain lymphomas. We established a mouse brain lymphoma model by planting human-derived lymphoma cell line Raji into brain parenchyma of mice using stereotaxic techniques. After 16 days, 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed to confirm the presence of the mass. The mice were observed under near-infrared fluorescence after intravenous injection of fluorescence-labeled Rituximab. Evans Blue was used as probe to detect the microvascular permeability of brain lymphomas after Tadalafil administration. Starting from 4 days after implantation, the mice were administered different treatments. Survival analysis of brain lymphoma-loaded mice was performed. Evans Blue detection showed that Tadalafil administration could increase brain vascular permeability in the tumor-bearing group compared with control mice. Rituximab treatment prolonged the survival time of mice compared with the untreated control group (mean 25.75 vs. 20.8 days, p < 0.05). Tadalafil with Rituximab treatment resulted in the longest survival time (29 days, p < 0.05). Rituximab may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of brain lymphoma. Tadalafil can enhance Rituximab treatment efficacy by improving the microvascular permeability in mice brain lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, 200040, Shanghai, China,
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19
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Intravenous Sildenafil in Right Ventricular Dysfunction with Pulmonary Hypertension following a Heart Transplant. Heart Int 2014. [DOI: 10.5301/heart.2014.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Thomas GD. Functional muscle ischemia in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Front Physiol 2013; 4:381. [PMID: 24391598 PMCID: PMC3866652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) comprise a spectrum of devastating X-linked muscle wasting disease for which there is no treatment. DMD/BMD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein that stabilizes the muscle membrane and also targets other proteins to the sarcolemma. Among these is the muscle-specific isoform of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ) which binds spectrin-like repeats within dystrophin's rod domain and the adaptor protein α-syntrophin. Dystrophin deficiency causes loss of sarcolemmal nNOSμ and reduces paracrine signaling of muscle-derived nitric oxide (NO) to the microvasculature, which renders the diseased muscle fibers susceptible to functional muscle ischemia during exercise. Repeated bouts of functional ischemia superimposed on muscle fibers already weakened by dystrophin deficiency result in use-dependent focal muscle injury. Genetic and pharmacologic strategies to boost nNOSμ-NO signaling in dystrophic muscle alleviate functional muscle ischemia and show promise as novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of DMD/BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Thomas
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
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21
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Martin EA, Barresi R, Byrne BJ, Tsimerinov EI, Scott BL, Walker AE, Gurudevan SV, Anene F, Elashoff RM, Thomas GD, Victor RG. Tadalafil alleviates muscle ischemia in patients with Becker muscular dystrophy. Sci Transl Med 2013. [PMID: 23197572 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a progressive X-linked muscle wasting disease for which there is no treatment. Like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), BMD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a structural cytoskeletal protein that also targets other proteins to the muscle sarcolemma. Among these is neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ), which requires certain spectrin-like repeats in dystrophin's rod domain and the adaptor protein α-syntrophin to be targeted to the sarcolemma. When healthy skeletal muscle is subjected to exercise, sarcolemmal nNOSμ-derived NO attenuates local α-adrenergic vasoconstriction, thereby optimizing perfusion of muscle. We found previously that this protective mechanism is defective-causing functional muscle ischemia-in dystrophin-deficient muscles of the mdx mouse (a model of DMD) and of children with DMD, in whom nNOSμ is mislocalized to the cytosol instead of the sarcolemma. We report that this protective mechanism also is defective in men with BMD in whom the most common dystrophin mutations disrupt sarcolemmal targeting of nNOSμ. In these men, the vasoconstrictor response, measured as a decrease in muscle oxygenation, to reflex sympathetic activation is not appropriately attenuated during exercise of the dystrophic muscles. In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial, we show that functional muscle ischemia is alleviated and normal blood flow regulation is fully restored in the muscles of men with BMD by boosting NO-cGMP (guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate) signaling with a single dose of the drug tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitor. These results further support an essential role for sarcolemmal nNOSμ in the normal modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising human skeletal muscle and implicate the NO-cGMP pathway as a putative new target for treating BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Martin
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Thompson CS. Diabetic nephropathy: Treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:124-129. [PMID: 23961322 PMCID: PMC3746084 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i4.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of nitric oxide (NO) in vascular physiology is irrefutable; it stimulates the intracellular production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), initiating vascular smooth muscle relaxation. This biochemical process increases the diameter of small arteries, regulating blood flow distribution between arterioles and the microvasculature. The kidney is no exception, since NO predominantly dilates the glomerular afferent arterioles. It is now evident that the vascular production of cGMP can be augmented by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5), the enzyme which breakdowns this cyclic nucleotide. This has clinical relevance, since diabetic nephropathy (DN) a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, increases intraglomerular capillary pressure, leading to glomerular hypertension. PDE 5 inhibitors may have, therefore, the potential to reduce glomerular hypertension. This review describes the use of PDE 5 inhibitors to improve the metabolic, haemodynamic and inflammatory pathways/responses, all of which are dysfunctional in DN.
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Ichim TE, Warbington T, Cristea O, Chin JL, Patel AN. Intracavernous administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells: a new method of treating erectile dysfunction? J Transl Med 2013; 11:139. [PMID: 23758954 PMCID: PMC3718667 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While PDE5 inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of ED, approximately 30% of patients are non-responsive. A significant cause of this is vascular and smooth muscle dysfunction, as well as nerve atrophy. Autologous administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) has been performed in over 2000 cardiac patients without adverse effects, for stimulation of angiogenesis/regeneration. Despite its ease of access, and dependence on effective vasculature for function, comparatively little has been perform in terms of BMMC therapy for ED. Here we outline the rationale for use of autologous BMMC in patients with ED, as well as provide early safety data on the first use of this procedure clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Ichim
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA.
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Ertemi H, Lau DH, Mikhailidis DP, Mumtaz FH, Thompson CS. Angiotensin II Increases Corpus Cavernosal Contractility and Oxidative Stress in Partial Bladder Outlet Obstructed Rabbits: Relevance to Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013; 10:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2013; 63:902-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Management of stable angina pectoris includes antianginal medications, medications to prevent progression of atherosclerosis, and aggressive treatment of causative risk factors. Antianginal medications commonly used include nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ranolazine. Antiplatelet agents, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are used in patients with these problems to prevent progression of atherosclerosis and/or premature cardiovascular death. Aggressive risk factor control with diet; exercise; treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; and strategies to stop smoking and reduce weight should be a part of treatment strategy in all patients. Patients with stable angina who have symptoms refractory to medical treatment usually require coronary angiography, followed by either percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Recent mechanical techniques for the treatment of refractory angina include transmyocardial laser revascularization, enhanced external counterpulsation, and spinal cord stimulation.
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Azzouni F, Abu samra K. Are Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Associated with Vision‐Threatening Adverse Events? A Critical Analysis and Review of the Literature. J Sex Med 2011; 8:2894-903. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Calenda G, Tong Y, Kanika ND, Tar MT, Suadicani SO, Zhang X, Melman A, Rougeot C, Davies KP. Reversal of diabetic vasculopathy in a rat model of type 1 diabetes by opiorphin-related peptides. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1353-9. [PMID: 21784987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00383.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results in a myriad of vascular complications, often referred to as diabetic vasculopathy, which encompasses both microvascular [erectile dysfunction (ED), retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy] and macrovascular complications (hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction). In diabetic animals and patients with ED, there is decreased opiorphin or opiorphin-related gene expression in corporal tissue. Both opiorphin and the rat homologous peptide sialorphin are found circulating in the plasma. In the present study, we investigated if diabetes induced changes in plasma sialorphin levels and if changes in these levels could modulate the biochemistry and physiology of vascular smooth muscle. We show that circulating sialorphin levels are reduced in a rat model of type I diabetes. Intracorporal injection of plasmids expressing sialorphin into diabetic rats restores sialorphin levels to those seen in the blood of nondiabetic animals and results in both improved erectile function and blood pressure. Sialorphin modulated the ability of C-type natriuretic peptide to relax both corporal and aortic smooth muscle strips and of bradykinin to regulate intracellular calcium levels in both corporal and aortic smooth muscle cells. We have previously shown that expression of genes encoding opiorphins is increased when erectile function is improved. Our findings thus suggest that by affecting circulating levels of opiorphin-related peptides, proper erectile function is not only an indicator but also a modulator of overall vascular health of a man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Calenda
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Cornish KS, Barras C. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy precipitated by tadalafil use for erectile dysfunction. Semin Ophthalmol 2011; 26:7-10. [PMID: 21275598 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2010.541320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited condition leading to bilateral centrocaecal scotoma. Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as tadalafil are widely used for male erectile dysfunction. We present a case of a middle-aged male whose LHON presented acutely following tadalafil use. It is postulated that this is due to alteration in the optic nerve head perfusion.
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The effects of sildenafil citrate on choroidal thickness as determined by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Retina 2011; 31:332-5. [PMID: 20975620 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e3181eef0ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil citrate, on choroidal thickness using eye-tracked enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS In a prospective interventional study, 8 healthy subjects (4 men and 4 women) with no ocular history underwent enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at baseline, 1 hour, and 3 hours after the ingestion of 100 mg of sildenafil citrate. Choroidal thickness measurements for both eyes using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were taken by 2 masked readers at baseline, 1-hour, and 3-hour time points. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the measurements of choroidal thickness at each of the three intervals. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 35.9 years (range 30-46 years). Mean choroidal thickness at baseline was 334 μm (± 57 μm). Mean choroidal thickness increased by 12.3% to 375 μm (± 68 μm) at 1 hour after ingestion (P < 0.001). At 3 hours after ingestion, the mean choroidal thickness remained elevated at 372 μm (± 61 μm), 11.6% thicker than baseline (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in choroidal thickness between the 1-hour and the 3-hour intervals (P = 0.719). CONCLUSION Sildenafil citrate appears to increase choroidal thickness as measured by eye-tracked enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements in healthy subjects 1 hour and 3 hours after ingestion. These findings may be of relevance given that increased choroidal thickness appears to be a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy and that several reports have suggested an association between phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and this disorder.
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Abstract
Lead generation can be a very challenging phase of the drug discovery process. The two principal methods for this stage of research are blind screening and rational design. Among the rational or semirational design approaches, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has emerged as a useful tool for the generation of lead structures. It is particularly powerful as a complement to high-throughput screening approaches when the latter failed to yield viable hits for further development. Engagement of medicinal chemists early in the process can accelerate the progression of FBDD efforts by incorporating drug-friendly properties in the earliest stages of the design process. Medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2b and ketohexokinase are chosen as examples to illustrate the importance of close collaboration of medicinal chemists, crystallography, and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lanter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gul S, Bahadir B, Hanci V, Bektas S, Can M, Kalayci M, Acikgoz S, Acikgoz B. Effect of vardenafil on cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:1038-41. [PMID: 20627581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor vardenafil on cerebral vasospasm in an experimental rat subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model. Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups: G1, no experimental intervention; G2, administered subarachnoid physiological saline after sham surgery; G3, subjected to SAH; G4, subjected to SAH and administered low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) vardenafil treatment; and G5, subjected to SAH and administered high-dose (5 mg/kg) vardenafil treatment. For animals in G3, G4 and G5, SAH was induced by an injection of autologous non-heparinized blood into the cisterna magna. Immediately after SAH, for animals in G4 and G5, vardenafil was administered by gavage at intervals of 8 hours for 2 days. The rats were then decapitated, and basilar arteries and blood samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological examination. Malonyldialdehyde values in G2 (p = 0.004) and G3 (p = 0.002) were significantly higher than those in G1. G4 and G5 had significantly lower values than G2 and G3 (p = 0.014, G4 v. G2; p = 0.005, G4 v. G3; p = 0.005, G5 v. G2; p = 0.002, G5 v. G3). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values in G3 were significantly lower than those in G1 (p = 0.041). TAC values in G4 and G5 were significantly higher than those in G3 (p = 0.043). Mean luminal diameter in G3 was significantly smaller compared with G1 and G2 (p = 0.002), but larger in G4 (p = 0.002) and G5 (p = 0.001) compared with G3. Mean luminal diameter was also significantly larger in G5 than in G2 (p = 0.008) and G4 (p = 0.038). Mean wall thickness in G2 (p = 0.015) and G3 (p = 0.002) was significantly thicker compared with G1. Wall thickness was significantly thinner in G4 and G5 compared with G2 and G3 (p = 0.008, G4 v. G2; p = 0.001, G4 v. G3; p = 0.005, G5 v. G2; p = 0.001, G5 v. G3). Our results confirm that vardenafil may induce vasodilatation and provide potential benefits in SAH therapy by preventing vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanser Gul
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Kozlu, Zonguldak 67600, Turkey.
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Haider HK, Lee YJ, Jiang S, Ahmed RPH, Ryon M, Ashraf M. Phosphodiesterase inhibition with tadalafil provides longer and sustained protection of stem cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1395-404. [PMID: 20833962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00437.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that inhibition of the cGMP-specific enzyme phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) promoted cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) activity to condition stem cells for enhanced survival and proliferation. One-time tadalafil treatment (1 μM for 30 min) of mesenchymal stem cells ((Tada)MSCs) provided sustained protection of cells for 36 h. Higher cGMP activity with concomitantly increased PKG1 activity was observed in (Tada)MSCs, which peaked within 12 h after tadalafil treatment. Pretreatment with PKG1 blockers (1 μM KT-5823 or 20 nM K-252a) or transduction with adenoviral PKG1-short-hairpin RNA abolished tadalafil-induced cytoprotection of the cells. A higher proliferation rate was observed in (Tada)MSCs compared with nontreated MSCs ((Cont)MSCs). In a rat model of acute myocardial infarction, (Tada)MSCs transplanted 0 and 24 h after tadalafil treatment showed higher survival compared with (Cont)MSCs on day 2 and day 4 after engraftment. (Tada)MSCs transplanted 48 h after tadalafil treatment lost their protection on both day 2 and day 4 after engraftment, and their rate of survival was similar to (Cont)MSCs. Reduced terminal dUTP nick end-labeling positivity (P < 0.01 vs. (Cont)MSCs) and higher proliferation of (Tada)MSCs (P < 0.01 vs. (Cont)MSCs) was observed in the infarcted heart. Fluorescence immunostaining revealed neomyogenesis in both the infarct and peri-infarct areas. Blood vessel density was significantly increased in group 2 compared with group 1. Transthoracic echocardiographic heart function revealed significant preservation of the indexes of left ventricle contractility and attenuation of remodeling in (Tada)MSC-engrafted animal hearts (group 2) compared with (Cont)MSCs (group 1). PDE5A inhibition using long-acting tadalafil is an innovative approach to promote stem cell survival and proliferation in the infarcted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husnain Kh Haider
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0529, USA
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Huang LJ, Yoon MH, Choi JI, Kim WM, Lee HG, Kim YO. Effect of sildenafil on neuropathic pain and hemodynamics in rats. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51:82-7. [PMID: 20046518 PMCID: PMC2799976 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2010.51.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 produces an antinociception through the increase of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and increasing cGMP levels enhance the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Furthermore, this phosphodiesterase 5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the vasodilatation associated to cGMP. In this work, we examined the contribution of GABA receptors to the effect of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, in a neuropathic pain rat, and assessed the hemodynamic effect of sildenafil in normal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of L5/6 spinal nerves in Sprague-Dawley male rats. After observing the effect of intravenous sildenafil on neuropathic pain, GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline) and GABAB receptor antagonist (saclofen) were administered prior to delivery of sildenafil to determine the role of GABA receptors in the activity of sildenafil. For hemodynamic measurements, catheters were inserted into the tail artery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured over 60 min following administration of sildenafil. RESULTS Intravenous sildenafil dose-dependently increased the withdrawal threshold to the von Frey filament application in the ligated paw. Intravenous bicuculline and saclofen reversed the antinociception of sildenafil. Intravenous sildenafil increased the magnitude of MAP reduction at the maximal dosage, but it did not affect HR response. CONCLUSION These results suggest that sildenafil is active in causing neuropathic pain. Both GABAA and GABAB receptors are involved in the antinociceptive effect of sildenafil. Additionally, intravenous sildenafil reduces MAP without affecting HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ji Huang
- The Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Biomedical Human Resources at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ha Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- The Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Biomedical Human Resources at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeo Ok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Sauzeau V, Sevilla MA, Montero MJ, Bustelo XR. The Rho/Rac exchange factor Vav2 controls nitric oxide-dependent responses in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 2009; 120:315-30. [PMID: 20038798 DOI: 10.1172/jci38356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of arterial contractility is essential for blood pressure control. The GTPase RhoA promotes vasoconstriction by modulating the cytoskeleton of vascular smooth muscle cells. Whether other Rho/Rac pathways contribute to blood pressure regulation remains unknown. By studying a hypertensive knockout mouse lacking the Rho/Rac activator Vav2, we have discovered a new signaling pathway involving Vav2, the GTPase Rac1, and the serine/threonine kinase Pak that contributes to nitric oxide-triggered blood vessel relaxation and normotensia. This pathway mediated the Pak-dependent inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5, a process that favored RhoA inactivation and the subsequent depolymerization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells. The inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 required its physical interaction with autophosphorylated Pak1 but, unexpectedly, occurred without detectable transphosphorylation events between those 2 proteins. The administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors prevented the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Vav2-deficient animals, demonstrating the involvement of this new pathway in blood pressure regulation. Taken together, these results unveil one cause of the cardiovascular phenotype of Vav2-knockout mice, identify a new Rac1/Pak1 signaling pathway, and provide a mechanistic framework for better understanding blood pressure control in physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Sauzeau
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
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Fernández Arjona M, M. Herranz Fernández L, Garrido P, Jiménez M, Suárez C, Fernández I. [Cavernous tissue rehabilitation whit sildenafil 100 mg in patients after radical prostatectomy]. Actas Urol Esp 2009; 33:378-85. [PMID: 19579888 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(09)74163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We try to figure out whether early penile rahabilitation ameliorates erectile dysfunction secondary to radical prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study of 80 cases of patients that were operated between 2005-2008; all of them went under radical prostatectomy and were treated with sildenafil 100 mg every second day (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) plus 100 mg on demand after the surgery. As objective measurements, we used validated questionnaire IIEF-5 and also axil penile rigidity before and after surgery in the third and ninth month. RESULTS Patients treated with sildenafil in fixed doses presented a 60% full erection recovery 9 months after radical prostatectomy. In the case where patients underwent bilateral or unilateral nerve sparing, they got a successful rate of almost 90%. Even 20% of those patients who did not have a nerve preservation got satisfactory erections, CONCLUSIONS Our experience shows that early penile rehabilitation seems to be a good treatment for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy with IPDE5 in fixed doses. Administration every other day plus on demand looks like also as an appropriate option.
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Zhang H, Pakeerappa P, Lee HJ, Fisher SA. Induction of PDE5 and de-sensitization to endogenous NO signaling in a systemic resistance artery under altered blood flow. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:57-65. [PMID: 19374906 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the classical pathway, the opposing activities of guanylyl cyclases (GC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE), and the effect of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) on its targets, determine the biological responses to NO signaling. Here we tested the hypothesis that vascular dysfunction may be due to altered expression and activity of these effectors of NO signaling. Every other set of rat second order mesenteric resistance arteries (MA) were ligated, resulting in chronic low flow (LF) in the upstream MA1 and high flow (HF) in the adjacent MA1 without tissue ischemia. eNOS and iNOS were up-regulated in HF and LF MA1, respectively, in the sub-acute phase (four days) of vascular remodeling. The Day4 HF/LF MA1s were under increased control of NO as indicated by reduced sensitivity to the vasoconstrictor phenylephrine and its normalization with the NOS antagonist L-NAME. PDE5 mRNA and protein were also significantly up-regulated in the HF/LF MA1 with no change in sGC or PKG1, an effect that was dependent upon NO synthesis. The PDE5 inhibitor Sildenafil was several-fold more powerful in relaxing the HF/LF MA1s, and pre-treatment with Sildenafil uncovered an increased responsiveness of HF/LF MA1s to the NO donor DEA/NO. We conclude that induction of PDE5 de-sensitizes this systemic resistance artery to sustained NO signaling under chronic HF/LF. Treatment with PDE5 antagonists, in contrast to NO donors, may more specifically and effectively increase blood flow to chronically hypo-perfused tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, 4-533 Wolstein Research Bldg., 2103 Cornell Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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González-Juanatey JR, Alegría Ezquerra E, Gomis Barberá R, Salvador Taboada MJ, Grigorian Shamagian L, Casasnovas Lenguas JA, García-Aranda VL, Acosta Delgado D, Salvador Rodríguez J, Hernández Mijares A, Matalí Gilarranz A. Disfunción eréctil como marcador de vasculopatía en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España. Estudio DIVA. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 132:291-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharron H Francis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall Room 702, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA.
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Sakamoto M, Nakai T, Fukutomi K, Yanagisawa H, Kawasaki T. Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazin-5-ones through [4+2] Cycloaddition of 1,2,4-Triaza-1,3-dienes with Diphenylketene. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Subjective tinnitus, the phantom ringing or buzzing sensation that occurs in the absence of sound, affects 12-14% of adults; in some cases the tinnitus is so severe or disabling that patients seek medical treatment. However, although the economic and emotional impact of tinnitus is large, there are currently no FDA-approved drugs to treat this condition. Clinical trials are now underway to evaluate the efficacy of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine D(2) antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and zinc dietary supplements. Previous off-label clinical studies, while not definitive, suggest that patients with severe depression may experience improvement in their tinnitus after treatment with antidepressants such as nortriptyline or sertraline. A small subpopulation of patients with what has been described as "typewriter tinnitus" have been shown to gain significant relief from the anticonvulsant carbamazepine. Preliminary studies with misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, and sulpiride, a dopamine D(2) antagonist, have shown promise. Animal behavioral studies suggest that GABA transaminase inhibitors and potassium channel modulators can suppress tinnitus. Additionally, improvements in tinnitus have also been noted in patients taking melatonin for significant sleep disturbances. Like other complex neurological disorders, one drug is unlikely to resolve tinnitus in all patients; therapies targeting specific subgroups are likely to yield the greatest success.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness and Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - E. Lobarinas
- Center for Hearing and Deafness and Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - W. Sun
- Center for Hearing and Deafness and Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Valeyev NV, Heslop-Harrison P, Postlethwaite I, Gizatullina AN, Kotov NV, Bates DG. Crosstalk between G-protein and Ca2+ pathways switches intracellular cAMP levels. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 5:43-51. [PMID: 19081930 DOI: 10.1039/b807993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate are universal intracellular messengers whose concentrations are regulated by molecular networks comprised of different isoforms of the synthases adenylate cyclase or guanylate cyclase and the phosphodiesterases which degrade these compounds. In this paper, we employ a systems biology approach to develop mathematical models of these networks that, for the first time, take into account the different biochemical properties of the isoforms involved. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the joint regulation of cAMP and cGMP, we apply our models to analyse the regulation of cilia beat frequency in Paramecium by Ca(2+). Based on our analysis of these models, we propose that the diversity of isoform combinations that occurs in living cells provides an explanation for the huge variety of intracellular processes that are dependent on these networks. The inclusion of both G-protein receptor and Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of AC in our models allows us to propose a new explanation for the switching properties of G-protein subunits involved in nucleotide regulation. Analysis of the models suggests that, depending on whether the G-protein subunit is bound to AC, Ca(2+) can either activate or inhibit AC in a concentration-dependent manner. The resulting analysis provides an explanation for previous experimental results that showed that alterations in Ca(2+) concentrations can either increase or decrease cilia beat frequency over particular Ca(2+) concentration ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najl V Valeyev
- Systems Biology Lab, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UKLE1 7RH.
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Corona G, Razzoli E, Forti G, Maggi M. The use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors with concomitant medications. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:799-808. [PMID: 18997493 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil are considered first-line therapy for the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). In addition to the classical pro-erectile-effect, clinical findings have suggested that they can also influence vascular tone in pulmonary, coronary and other vascular tissues, as well as improving symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, considering the hypothetical widespread application of PDE5i, the potential for drug-drug interactions emerges as a relevant factor in determining the safety profile of PDE5i. Review of relevant literature was conducted using data sources from MEDLINE (1998, to June 2007). The use of nitrates remains the only contraindication for all 3 PDE5i. Vardenafil is also not recommended in patients taking type 1A (such as quinidine, or procainamide) or type 3 antiarrhythmics (such as sotalol, or amiodarone) while no other major limitations have been reported for tadalafil and sildenafil. In contrast to previously reported labeling, recent studies have suggested only a precaution, but not contraindication with the concomitant use of alpha-blockers agents. In addition, precaution is also suggested in the presence of potent CYP3A inhibitors, such as azole antifungals, antiretroviral protease inhibitors, or macrolid antibiotics. This is because sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil are metabolized mainly via the CYP3A4 pathway. On the other hand, statins and testosterone seem to have synergic effects with PDE5i on sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Corona
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pharmacological characterization of a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor lodenafil carbonate on human and rabbit corpus cavernosum. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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PDE4 associates with different scaffolding proteins: modulating interactions as treatment for certain diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008:125-66. [PMID: 18491051 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72843-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
cAMP is an ubiquitous second messenger that is crucial to many cellular processes. The sole means of terminating the cAMP signal is degradation by cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The PDE4 family is of particular interest because PDE4 inhibitors have therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory and auto-immune diseases and also have anti-depressant and memory-enhancing effects. The subcellular targeting of PDE4 isoforms is fundamental to the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling pathways and is largely achieved via proteinprotein interactions. Increased knowledge of these protein-protein interactions and their regulatory properties could aid in the design of novel isoform-specific inhibitors with improved efficacy and fewer prohibitive side effects.
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Lynch GS, Ryall JG. Role of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in skeletal muscle: implications for muscle wasting and disease. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:729-67. [PMID: 18391178 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of beta-adrenergic signaling in the heart has been well documented, but it is only more recently that we have begun to understand the importance of this signaling pathway in skeletal muscle. There is considerable evidence regarding the stimulation of the beta-adrenergic system with beta-adrenoceptor agonists (beta-agonists). Although traditionally used for treating bronchospasm, it became apparent that some beta-agonists could increase skeletal muscle mass and decrease body fat. These so-called "repartitioning effects" proved desirable for the livestock industry trying to improve feed efficiency and meat quality. Studying beta-agonist effects on skeletal muscle has identified potential therapeutic applications for muscle wasting conditions such as sarcopenia, cancer cachexia, denervation, and neuromuscular diseases, aiming to attenuate (or potentially reverse) the muscle wasting and associated muscle weakness, and to enhance muscle growth and repair after injury. Some undesirable cardiovascular side effects of beta-agonists have so far limited their therapeutic potential. This review describes the physiological significance of beta-adrenergic signaling in skeletal muscle and examines the effects of beta-agonists on skeletal muscle structure and function. In addition, we examine the proposed beneficial effects of beta-agonist administration on skeletal muscle along with some of the less desirable cardiovascular effects. Understanding beta-adrenergic signaling in skeletal muscle is important for identifying new therapeutic targets and identifying novel approaches to attenuate the muscle wasting concomitant with many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wentzinger L, Bopp S, Tenor H, Klar J, Brun R, Beck HP, Seebeck T. Cyclic nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterases of Plasmodium falciparum: PfPDEalpha, a non-essential cGMP-specific PDE that is an integral membrane protein. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:1625-37. [PMID: 18590734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have come into focus as interesting potential targets for PDE inhibitor-based anti-parasitic drugs. Genomes of the various agents of human malaria, most notably Plasmodium falciparum, all contain four genes for class 1 PDEs. The catalytic domains of these enzymes are closely related to those of the 11 human PDE families. This presents the possibility that the available vast expertise in developing drugs against human PDEs might now also be applied to developing compounds that are active against malarial PDEs. The current study identifies four Plasmodium genes that code for PfPDEalpha, PfPDEbeta, PfPDEgamma and PfPDEdelta, respectively. It further demonstrates that the PfPDEalpha polypeptide exists in two versions (PfPDEalphaA and PfPDEalphaB) that are generated by alternative splicing of the primary transcript. All malarial PDEs contain several transmembrane helices in their N-terminal regions, indicating that they are integral membrane proteins. In agreement with this prediction, essentially all PDE activity is associated with the cell membranes. PfPDEalpha was characterized as a cGMP-specific PDE that is not sensitive to a number of standard PDE inhibitors. Genetic ablation of the PfPDE1 gene produced no major phenotype in erythrocyte cultures.
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Maas O, Donat U, Frenzel M, Rütz T, Kroemer HK, Felix SB, Krieg T. Vardenafil protects isolated rat hearts at reperfusion dependent on GC and PKG. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:25-31. [PMID: 18332860 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The type-5 PDE inhibitor vardenafil reduces myocardial infarct size in situ, following ischemia/reperfusion, when applied at reperfusion in animal models. Little is known about the underlying protective signaling. Here, we test whether vardenafil is protective in rat isolated hearts and in a cell model of calcium stress. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Infarct size in rat isolated hearts was measured after a 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Vardenafil (1 nM-1 microM) was infused during reperfusion. HL-1 cardiomyocytes were loaded with tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE), a fluorescent marker of mitochondrial membrane potential (psi m). KEY RESULTS Vardenafil at reperfusion reduced infarct size as percentage of the ischemic zone from 45.8+/-2.0% in control hearts to 26.2+/-2.7% (P<0.001) only at 10 nM, whereas higher or lower dosages failed to protect. This protective effect was blocked by co-administration of either the GC inhibitor, 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), or the PKG inhibitor, KT-5823. HL-1 cardiomyocytes, loaded with TMRE, were treated for 80 min with the calcium ionophore, calcimycin, to induce calcium stress. This reduced the mean cell fluorescence to 63.3 +/- 3.8% of baseline values and vardenafil protected against this fall (78.6 +/- 3.6%, P<0.01). The vardenafil-induced protection of HL-1 cells was blocked by ODQ, KT-5823 or the PKG-inhibiting peptides DT-2 and DT-3, confirming a role for GC and PKG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results further support the hypothesis that PDE-5 inhibitors are protective in ischemic hearts, in addition to their known clinical effects in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Maas
- Department of Cardiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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