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Abdelaziz RF, Hussein AM, Kotob MH, Weiss C, Chelminski K, Stojanovic T, Studenik CR, Aufy M. Enhancement of Radiation Sensitivity by Cathepsin L Suppression in Colon Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17106. [PMID: 38069428 PMCID: PMC10707098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally. Radiotherapy/Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the most common and effective cancer treatments. RT utilizes high-energy radiation to damage the DNA of cancer cells, leading to their death or impairing their proliferation. However, radiation resistance remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment, limiting its efficacy. Emerging evidence suggests that cathepsin L (cath L) contributes to radiation resistance through multiple mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the role of cath L, a member of the cysteine cathepsins (caths) in radiation sensitivity, and the potential reduction in radiation resistance by using the specific cath L inhibitor (Z-FY(tBu)DMK) or by knocking out cath L with CRISPR/Cas9 in colon carcinoma cells (caco-2). Cells were treated with different doses of radiation (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10), dose rate 3 Gy/min. In addition, the study conducted protein expression analysis by western blot and immunofluorescence assay, cytotoxicity MTT, and apoptosis assays. The results demonstrated that cath L was upregulated in response to radiation treatment, compared to non-irradiated cells. In addition, inhibiting or knocking out cath L led to increased radiosensitivity in contrast to the negative control group. This may indicate a reduced ability of cancer cells to recover from radiation-induced DNA damage, resulting in enhanced cell death. These findings highlight the possibility of targeting cath L as a therapeutic strategy to enhance the effectiveness of RT. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and to assess the translational implications of cath L knockout in clinical settings. Ultimately, these findings may contribute to the development of novel treatment approaches for improving outcomes of RT in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan F. Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Str. 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. Kotob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Christina Weiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Chelminski
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Str. 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Tamara Stojanovic
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Christian R. Studenik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
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Hu D, Xia M, Wu L, Liu H, Chen Z, Xu H, He C, Wen J, Xu X. Challenges and advances for glioma therapy based on inorganic nanoparticles. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100673. [PMID: 37441136 PMCID: PMC10333687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most serious central nervous system diseases, with high mortality and poor prognosis. Despite the continuous development of existing treatment methods, the median survival time of glioma patients is still only 15 months. The main treatment difficulties are the invasive growth of glioma and the obstruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to drugs. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology, inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) have shown favourable application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Due to their extraordinary intrinsic features, INPs can be easily fabricated, while doping with other elements and surface modification by biological ligands can be used to enhance BBB penetration, targeted delivery and biocompatibility. Guided glioma theranostics with INPs can improve and enhance the efficacy of traditional methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and gene therapy. New strategies, such as immunotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and multifunctional inorganic nanoplatforms, have also been facilitated by INPs. This review emphasizes the current state of research and clinical applications of INPs, including glioma targeting and BBB penetration enhancement methods, in vivo and in vitro biocompatibility, and diagnostic and treatment strategies. As such, it provides insights for the development of novel glioma treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Miao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Linxuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hanmeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Chiriaco M, Ursu GM, Amodio D, Cotugno N, Volpi S, Berardinelli F, Pizzi S, Cifaldi C, Zoccolillo M, Prigione I, Di Cesare S, Giancotta C, Anastasio E, Rivalta B, Pacillo L, Zangari P, Fiocchi AG, Diociaiuti A, Bruselles A, Pantaleoni F, Ciolfi A, D’Oria V, Palumbo G, Gattorno M, El Hachem M, de Villartay JP, Finocchi A, Palma P, Rossi P, Tartaglia M, Aiuti A, Antoccia A, Di Matteo G, Cancrini C. Radiosensitivity in patients affected by ARPC1B deficiency: a new disease trait? Front Immunol 2022; 13:919237. [PMID: 35967303 PMCID: PMC9372879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (ARPC1B) deficiency is a recently described inborn error of immunity (IEI) presenting with combined immunodeficiency and characterized by recurrent infections and thrombocytopenia. Manifestations of immune dysregulation, including colitis, vasculitis, and severe dermatitis, associated with eosinophilia, hyper-IgA, and hyper-IgE are also described in ARPC1B-deficient patients. To date, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation seems to be the only curative option for patients. ARPC1B is part of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3) and cooperates with the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton remodeling and in driving double-strand break clustering for homology-directed repair. In this study, we aimed to investigate radiosensitivity (RS) in ARPC1B-deficient patients to assess whether it can be considered an additional disease trait. First, we performed trio-based next-generation-sequencing studies to obtain the ARPC1B molecular diagnosis in our index case characterized by increased RS, and then we confirmed, using three different methods, an increment of radiosensitivity in all enrolled ARPC1B-deficient patients. In particular, higher levels of chromatid-type aberrations and γH2AX foci, with an increased number of cells arrested in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle, were found in patients’ cells after ionizing radiation exposition and radiomimetic bleomycin treatment. Overall, our data suggest increased radiosensitivity as an additional trait in ARPC1B deficiency and support the necessity to investigate this feature in ARPC1B patients as well as in other IEI with cytoskeleton defects to address specific clinical follow-up and optimize therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiriaco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgiana Madalina Ursu
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardinelli
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cifaldi
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoccolillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignazia Prigione
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Giancotta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Anastasio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatrics Unit, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rivalta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zangari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro G. Fiocchi
- Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina D’Oria
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Haematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maya El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory “Genome Dynamics in the Immune System”, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gigliola Di Matteo, ; Caterina Cancrini, ;
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gigliola Di Matteo, ; Caterina Cancrini, ;
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Zhu DQ, Liu Y, Yu ZJ, Zhang RH, Li AW, Gong FY, Wang W, Xiao W, Fan Q. The Diverse Analysis Identifies Mutated KRAS Associated With Radioresistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. World J Oncol 2022; 13:84-95. [PMID: 35571341 PMCID: PMC9076151 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the relationship between V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) status and radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we identified potential genotypic differences and pathways involved. Methods We retrospectively analyzed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS status in patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy for NSCLC between 2004 and 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate local progression-free survival (LPFS). Using clonogenic survival and measurement of γH2AX foci, we analyzed the difference in radiosensitivity between NSCLC cell lines with different KRAS status. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis was used to explore the potential pathways involved. Results The results showed that of the 286 patients identified, 68 (24%) had local tumor progression (mean ± standard deviation (SD), 27 ± 17.4 months); of these patients, KRAS mutations were found in 14 (23%), and KRAS status was associated with LPFS. After adjusting for concurrent chemotherapy, gross tumor volume, and mutation status in multivariate analysis, KRAS mutation was associated with shorter LPFS (hazard ratio: 1.961; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 - 2.17; P = 0.032). KRAS mutation showed higher radioresistance in vitro. TCGA data showed that the ERK1/2 pathway, phosphatidylinositol I3 kinase (PI3K)/mTOR, p38 MAPK pathway, cell cycle checkpoint signaling, DNA damage, repair pathways, and EGFR/PKC/AKT pathway were differentially expressed in patients with KRAS mutations or cell lines compared with their expression in the wild-type group. Conclusions Diverse analyses identified that KRAS mutation was associated with radioresistance in NSCLC. KRAS mutation status may be helpful as a biomarker of radioresistance and a potential target to increase radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Qi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work as joint first authors
| | - Ying Liu
- NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work as joint first authors
| | - Zhi Jian Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ru Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ai Wu Li
- NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Feng Ying Gong
- NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wei Wang
- NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qin Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Hammarsten O, Lyytikäinen A, Thunström S, Ek T, Fasth A, Ekwall O, Cajander S, Borgström EW, Smith CIE, Johansson P. Clinical measurement of cellular DNA damage hypersensitivity in patients with DNA repair defects. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35164800 PMCID: PMC8842932 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA repair deficiency disorders are rare inherited diseases arising from pathogenic (disease-causing) variants in genes involved in DNA repair. There are no standardized diagnostic assays for the investigation of pathological significance of unknown variants in DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that our assays for measuring in vitro patient blood cell hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents can be used to establish the pathological significance of unknown variants in DNA repair genes. Six patients with variants in the DNA repair genes PRKDC (two siblings), DCLRE1C (two siblings), NBN, and MSH6 were included. Here, we used the cell division assay (CDA) and the γ-H2AX assay, which were both developed and clinically validated by us, to measure patient cell hypersensitivity in response to ionizing radiation, mitomycin C, cytarabine and doxorubicin. Results Radiation hypersensitivity was detected in the two patients with variants in the PRKDC gene (p < 0.0001 for both at 3.5 Gy), and the two patients with DCLRE1C variants (p < 0.0001 at 3.5 Gy for sibling 1 and p < 0.0001 at 1 Gy for sibling 2). The cells from the patients with the PRKDC variant were also deficient in removing γ-H2AX (p < 0.001). The cells from the patient with variants in the NBN gene were hypersensitive to mitomycin C (p = 0.0008) and deficient in both induction and removal of γ-H2AX in response to radiation. Conclusions The combination of the CDA and the γ-H2AX assay is useful in investigating the significance of unknown variants in some DNA repair genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02199-8.
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Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Cell Aging and the Potential Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123570. [PMID: 34944078 PMCID: PMC8700624 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is occurring rapidly worldwide, challenging the global economy and healthcare services. Brain aging is a significant contributor to various age-related neurological and neuropsychological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Several extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, can accelerate senescence. Multiple human and animal studies have reported that exposure to ionizing radiation can have varied effects on organ aging and lead to the prolongation or shortening of life span depending on the radiation dose or dose rate. This paper reviews the effects of radiation on the aging of different types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells. Further, the relevant molecular mechanisms are discussed. Overall, this review highlights how radiation-induced senescence in different cell types may lead to brain aging, which could result in the development of various neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, treatment targeting radiation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may prevent radiation-induced brain aging and the neurological and neuropsychological disorders it may cause.
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Subedi P, Gomolka M, Moertl S, Dietz A. Ionizing Radiation Protein Biomarkers in Normal Tissue and Their Correlation to Radiosensitivity: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020140. [PMID: 33669522 PMCID: PMC7922485 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased immensely over the past years, owing to diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. However, certain radiosensitive individuals show toxic enhanced reaction to IR, and it is necessary to specifically protect them from unwanted exposure. Although predicting radiosensitivity is the way forward in the field of personalised medicine, there is limited information on the potential biomarkers. The aim of this systematic review is to identify evidence from a range of literature in order to present the status quo of our knowledge of IR-induced changes in protein expression in normal tissues, which can be correlated to radiosensitivity. Methods: Studies were searched in NCBI Pubmed and in ISI Web of Science databases and field experts were consulted for relevant studies. Primary peer-reviewed studies in English language within the time-frame of 2011 to 2020 were considered. Human non-tumour tissues and human-derived non-tumour model systems that have been exposed to IR were considered if they reported changes in protein levels, which could be correlated to radiosensitivity. At least two reviewers screened the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the studies against the eligibility criteria at the first phase and full texts of potential studies at the second phase. Similarly, at least two reviewers manually extracted the data and accessed the risk of bias (National Toxicology Program/Office for Health Assessment and Translation—NTP/OHAT) for the included studies. Finally, the data were synthesised narratively in accordance to synthesis without meta analyses (SWiM) method. Results: In total, 28 studies were included in this review. Most of the records (16) demonstrated increased residual DNA damage in radiosensitive individuals compared to normo-sensitive individuals based on γH2AX and TP53BP1. Overall, 15 studies included proteins other than DNA repair foci, of which five proteins were selected, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Caspase 3, p16INK4A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A), Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-1β, that were connected to radiosensitivity in normal tissue and were reported at least in two independent studies. Conclusions and implication of key findings: A majority of studies used repair foci as a tool to predict radiosensitivity. However, its correlation to outcome parameters such as repair deficient cell lines and patients, as well as an association to moderate and severe clinical radiation reactions, still remain contradictory. When IR-induced proteins reported in at least two studies were considered, a protein network was discovered, which provides a direction for further studies to elucidate the mechanisms of radiosensitivity. Although the identification of only a few of the commonly reported proteins might raise a concern, this could be because (i) our eligibility criteria were strict and (ii) radiosensitivity is influenced by multiple factors. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020220064).
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Barmettler S, Coffey K, Smith MJ, Chong HJ, Pozos TC, Seroogy CM, Walter J, Abraham RS. Functional Confirmation of DNA Repair Defect in Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) Infants Identified by Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (NBS SCID). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:723-732.e3. [PMID: 32818697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiencies (NBS SCID) in 2010 was a significant public health milestone. Although SCID was the primary target, several other conditions associated with severe T-cell lymphopenia have subsequently been identified as secondary targets. The differential diagnosis in infants with an abnormal T-cell receptor excision circle result on NBS SCID who do not meet criteria for typical SCID is often broad, and often the evaluation of these conditions requires immunological and functional testing, in conjunction with genetic analysis, to obtain an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate management and treatment plan. OBJECTIVE We describe here 3 infants identified by NBS SCID, who required additional workup as they did not have a typical SCID phenotype and meet the relevant diagnostic criteria. Genetic testing identified pathogenic variants in ATM in all 3 patients, and the pathogenicity of the variants was confirmed by a functional flow cytometry assay. METHODS The patients underwent immunological and genetic workup to identify an underlying cause of their abnormal NBS SCID. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was suspected based on clinical and family history, and immunological analyses. The diagnosis was confirmed in all patients with a rapid functional flow cytometric assay and genetic testing. RESULTS A rapid functional flow cytometry assay was used as a diagnostic and confirmatory tool, in conjunction with genetic testing, to make a diagnosis of AT. Experimental validation of the causal relationship between genotype and phenotype allowed for expeditious diagnosis, which facilitated early discussions with families regarding prognosis, treatment, and management. CONCLUSIONS Even with increased rapidity and access to genetic results, functional testing is required for clinical diagnosis in infants identified by NBS SCID who do not fit into the classic categories or have novel genetic variants to confirm the diagnosis. Consideration should be given to the use of functional assays as an essential component of an integrated evaluation to characterize the genetics and mechanisms of inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barmettler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Kara Coffey
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hey Jin Chong
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Tamara C Pozos
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Minnesota Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christine M Seroogy
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Jolan Walter
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Fla
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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9
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Fekrvand S, Mozdarani H, Delavari S, Sohani M, Nazari F, Kiaee F, Bagheri Y, Azizi G, Hassanpour G, Mozdarani S, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. Evaluation of Radiation Sensitivity in Patients with Hyper IgM Syndrome. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:580-596. [PMID: 32584193 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1779288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIGM syndrome is a rare form of primary immunodeficiencies characterized by normal/increased amounts of serum IgM and decreased serum levels of other switched immunoglobulin classes. Since the affected patients are continuously infected with various types of pathogens and are susceptible for cancers, diagnostic and therapeutic tests including imaging techniques are recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, which predispose them to higher accumulated doses of radiation. Given the evidence of class switching recombination machinery defect and its association with an increased rate of DNA repair, we aimed to evaluate radiation sensitivity among a group of patients diagnosed with HIGM syndrome. METHODS 19 HIGM patients (14 CD40 L and 3 AID deficiencies and 2 unsolved cases without known genetic defects) and 17 control subjects (10 healthy subjects as negative control group, 7 ataxia-telangiectasia patients as positive control group) were enrolled. G2 assay was carried out for the determination of radiosensitivity. RESULTS Based on radiation-induced chromosomal changes among the studied HIGM patients and their comparison with the controls, almost all (95%) the patients had degrees of radiosensitivity: 6 patients with low to moderate, 1 patient with moderate, 11 patients with severe and 1 patient without radiation sensitivity. CONCLUSION Today, X-ray radiation plays a very important role in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; while increased exposure has devastating effects especially in radiosensitive patients. Considering higher sensitivity in HIGM patients, utilizing radiation-free techniques could partly avoid unnecessary and high-level exposure to radiation, thus preventing or reducing its harmful effects on the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Delavari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sohani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Nazari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiaee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Bagheri
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), 5 Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanpour
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Aghamohammadi A, Akrami SM, Yaghmaie M, Rezaei N, Azizi G, Yaseri M, Nosrati H, Zaki-Dizaji M. Individual Radiosensitivity Assessment of the Families of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Patients by G2-Checkpoint Abrogation. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2019; 18:e440-e446. [PMID: 30988961 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2018.18.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterised by cerebellar degeneration, telangiectasia, radiation sensitivity, immunodeficiency, oxidative stress and cancer susceptibility. Epidemiological research has shown that carriers of the heterozygous ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene mutation are radiosensitive to ionising irradiation and have a higher risk of cancers, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, there is currently no fast and reliable laboratory-based method to detect heterozygous ATM carriers for family screening and planning purposes. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the ability of a modified G2-assay to identify heterozygous ATM carriers in the families of A-T patients. Methods This study took place at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between February and December 2017 and included 16 A-T patients, their parents (obligate heterozygotes) and 30 healthy controls. All of the subjects underwent individual radiosensitivity (IRS) assessment using a modified caffeine-treated G2-assay with G2-checkpoint abrogation. Results The mean IRS of the obligate ATM heterozygotes was significantly higher than the healthy controls (55.13% ± 5.84% versus 39.03% ± 6.95%; P <0.001), but significantly lower than the A-T patients (55.13% ± 5.84% versus 87.39% ± 8.29%; P = 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the G2-assay values indicated high sensitivity and specificity, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.95-1.00). Conclusion The modified G2-assay demonstrated adequate precision and relatively high sensitivity and specificity in detecting heterozygous ATM carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Akrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Research Center for Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Nosrati
- Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in >50% of patients with cancer, both for curative and palliative purposes. Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation to target and kill tumour tissue, but normal tissue can also be damaged, leading to toxicity. Modern and precise radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, may prevent toxicity, but some patients still experience adverse effects. The physiopathology of toxicity is dependent on many parameters, such as the location of irradiation or the functional status of organs at risk. Knowledge of the mechanisms leads to a more rational approach for controlling radiotherapy toxicity, which may result in improved symptom control and quality of life for patients. This improved quality of life is particularly important in paediatric patients, who may live for many years with the long-term effects of radiotherapy. Notably, signs and symptoms occurring after radiotherapy may not be due to the treatment but to an exacerbation of existing conditions or to the development of new diseases. Although differential diagnosis may be difficult, it has important consequences for patients.
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12
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Düzenli U, Altun Z, Olgun Y, Aktaş S, Pamukoğlu A, Çetinayak HO, Bayrak AF, Olgun L. Role of N-acetyl cysteine and acetyl-l-carnitine combination treatment on DNA-damage-related genes induced by radiation in HEI-OC1 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:298-306. [PMID: 30496017 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cytotoxicity and change in DNA damage-related genes in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells. METHODS HEI-OC1 cells were irradiated with 5 Gy radiation and treated by eight combinations of NAC and/or ALC: control, NAC, ALC, IR, NAC + IR, ALC + NAC, ALC + IR, and ALC + NAC + IR. Cell viability, apoptotic cell death, and DNA damage were measured at the 72nd hour. Eighty-four IR-induced DNA-damage-related genes were determined by RT-PCR gene array and >10-fold changes were considered significant. RESULTS IR decreased cell viability by about 50% at 72 hours of incubation. In particular, the ALC and/or NAC combination before IR protected the HEI-OC1 cells (p < .05). Single and combination treatment prior to IR led to lower apoptotic cell death (p < .05). There was a significant lower DNA damage in ALC + NAC + IR group compared to IR group (p < .05). Expressions of Brca2, Xpc, Mlh3, Rad51, Xrcc2, Hus1, Rad9a, Cdkn1a, Gadd45a which are the DNA-repair genes were found to be significantly higher in NAC + ALC + IR group than those in individual treatment of ALC or NAC. CONCLUSIONS ALC and/or NAC treatment prior to IR led to higher cell viability and lower apoptotic cell damage compared to the IR group. The results of the study show that the ALC + NAC combination treatment inhibits DNA damage and induces DNA-repair genes to repair radiation damage, and this combination treatment is more effective against radiation-induced DNA damage than NAC or ALC therapy individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Düzenli
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altun
- b Department of Basic Oncology , Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Yüksel Olgun
- c Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine , Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktaş
- b Department of Basic Oncology , Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ayça Pamukoğlu
- b Department of Basic Oncology , Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Hasan Oğuz Çetinayak
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Asuman Feda Bayrak
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Levent Olgun
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
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13
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Carter LM, Poty S, Sharma SK, Lewis JS. Preclinical optimization of antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy-Model, vector, and radionuclide selection. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:611-635. [PMID: 29412489 PMCID: PMC6081268 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intact antibodies and their truncated counterparts (eg, Fab, scFv fragments) are generally exquisitely specific and selective vectors, enabling recognition of individual cancer-associated molecular phenotypes against a complex and dynamic biomolecular background. Complementary alignment of these advantages with unique properties of radionuclides is a defining paradigm in both radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy, which remain some of the most adept and promising tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses how translational potency can be maximized through rational selection of antibody-nuclide couples for radioimmunoimaging/therapy in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Poty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Zhou HP, Qian LX, Zhang N, Gu JJ, Ding K, Wu J, Lu ZW, Du MY, Zhu HM, Wu JZ, He X, Yin L. MIIP gene expression is associated with radiosensitivity in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9471-9479. [PMID: 29805670 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the radiosensitization effect of the migration and invasion inhibitory protein (MIIP) gene on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The MIIP gene was transfected into NPC 5-8F and CNE2 cells. The level of MIIP was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot. The changes in radiosensitivity of the cells were analyzed by colony formation assay. The changes in cell apoptosis and cycle distribution following irradiation were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator/B-cell lymphoma 2 was evaluated using western blot. DNA damage was analyzed by counting γ-H2AX foci. The expression levels of γ-H2AX were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot. In a previous study by the authors, the results indicated that the expression of MIIP gene evidently increased in MIIP-transfected 5-8F (5-8F OE) and MIIP-transfected CNE2 (CNE2 OE) cells compared with the parental or negative control cells. In the present study, the survival rate of 5-8F OE and CNE2 OE cells markedly decreased following irradiation (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy) compared with the negative control (5-8F NC and CNE2 NC) and the untreated (5-8F and CNE2) groups. The expression of MIIP was able to increase apoptosis, which resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair was attenuated in 5-8F and CNE2 cells following irradiation as measured by the accumulation of γ-H2AX. It was indicated that MIIP expression is associated with the radiosensitivity of NPC cells and has a significant role in regulating cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Zhou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Xi Qian
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xia He
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Li Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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15
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Wang Y, Gudikote J, Giri U, Yan J, Deng W, Ye R, Jiang W, Li N, Hobbs BP, Wang J, Swisher SG, Fujimoto J, Wistuba II, Komaki R, Heymach JV, Lin SH. RAD50 Expression Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes after Radiotherapy for Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:341-350. [PMID: 29030353 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although postoperative radiotherapy is often used to maintain local control after surgical resection and chemotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both locoregional failure and distant metastasis remain problematic. The mechanisms of therapeutic resistance remain poorly understood.Experimental Design: We used reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) to profile the baseline expression of 170 total and phosphorylated proteins in 70 NSCLC cell lines to categorize pathways that may contribute to radiation resistance. Significant markers identified by RPPA were further analyzed in tissue microarrays (TMA) of specimens from 127 patients with NSCLC who had received surgery before receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Cox regression analysis and log-rank tests were used to identify potential predictive factors. We then validated the biological function of the markers in NSCLC cell lines in vitroResults: Of the 170 proteins or phospho-proteins profiled, a subset of 12 proteins was found to correlate with radiation response parameters. TMA analysis of the 12 proteins showing the greatest differences in expression in the RPPA analysis demonstrated that RAD50 had the strongest correlation with distant relapse-free survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, and disease-free survival in patients with NSCLC. We confirmed that knockdown of RAD50 sensitized NSCLC cells to radiation and that upregulation of RAD50 increased radioresistance in in vitro experiments.Conclusions: Upregulated RAD50 may be a predictor of radioresistance in patients with lung cancer who received radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 341-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Jayanthi Gudikote
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Uma Giri
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Yan
- Oncology Research for Biologics and Immunotherapy Translation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rui Ye
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian P Hobbs
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ritsuko Komaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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16
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Pietrucha B, Heropolitańska-Pliszka E, Geffers R, Enßen J, Wieland B, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T. Clinical and Biological Manifestation of RNF168 Deficiency in Two Polish Siblings. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1683. [PMID: 29255463 PMCID: PMC5722808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in the RING finger protein gene RNF168 have been identified in a combined immunodeficiency disorder called RIDDLE syndrome. Since only two patients have been described with somewhat different phenotypes, there is need to identify further patients. Here, we report on two Polish siblings with RNF168 deficiency due to homozygosity for a novel frameshift mutation, c.295delG, that was identified through exome sequencing. Both patients presented with immunoglobulin deficiency, telangiectasia, cellular radiosensitivity, and increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The younger sibling had a more pronounced neurological and morphological phenotype, and she also carried an ATM gene mutation in the heterozygous state. Immunoblot analyses showed absence of RNF168 protein, whereas ATM levels and function were proficient in lymphoblastoid cells from both patients. Consistent with the absence of RNF168 protein, 53BP1 recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) after irradiation was undetectable in lymphoblasts or primary fibroblasts from either of the two patients. γH2AX foci accumulated normally but they disappeared with significant delay, indicating a severe defect in DSB repair. A comparison with the two previously identified patients indicates immunoglobulin deficiency, cellular radiosensitivity, and increased AFP levels as hallmarks of RNF168 deficiency. The variability in its clinical expression despite similar cellular phenotypes suggests that some manifestations of RNF168 deficiency may be modified by additional genetic or epidemiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pietrucha
- Department of Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Unit, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Enßen
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Wieland
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Valerijevna Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Matuo Y, Izumi Y, Furusawa Y, Shimizu K. Biological effects of carbon ion beams with various LETs on budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res 2017; 810:45-51. [PMID: 29146154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that irradiation with higher linear energy transfer (LET) increases lethality and mutagenicity more than that with lower LET. However, the characteristics specific to carbon ion beam have not yet been elucidated. Yeast cells were irradiated with carbon ions with an LET of 13 or 50keV/μm, and cell survival and mutation frequency were analyzed. The results, combined with our previous findings for ions with an LET of 107keV/μm, demonstrated that, in conjunction with an increase in LET, cell survival decreased, while mutation frequency increased. This indicates that a carbon ion beam with a higher LET is more mutagenic than one with a lower LET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichirou Matuo
- Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-0055, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Izumi
- Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-0055, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kikuo Shimizu
- Radioisotope Research Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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18
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Chinn IK, Sanders RP, Stray-Pedersen A, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Kim VHD, Dadi H, Roifman CM, Quigg T, Lupski JR, Orange JS, Hanson IC. Novel Combined Immune Deficiency and Radiation Sensitivity Blended Phenotype in an Adult with Biallelic Variations in ZAP70 and RNF168. Front Immunol 2017; 8:576. [PMID: 28603521 PMCID: PMC5445153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of high-throughput genomic sequencing techniques, novel genetic etiologies are being uncovered for previously unexplained Mendelian phenotypes, and the underlying genetic architecture of disease is being unraveled. Although most of these “mendelizing” disease traits represent phenotypes caused by single-gene defects, a percentage of patients have blended phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in multiple genes. We describe an adult patient with susceptibility to bacterial, herpesviral, and fungal infections. Immunologic defects included CD8+ T cell lymphopenia, decreased T cell proliferative responses to mitogens, hypogammaglobulinemia, and radiation sensitivity. Whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in ZAP70. Biallelic mutations in ZAP70 are known to produce a spectrum of immune deficiency that includes the T cell abnormalities observed in this patient. Analyses for variants in genes associated with radiation sensitivity identified the presence of a homozygous RNF168 variant of unknown significance. RNF168 deficiency causes radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties syndrome and may account for the radiation sensitivity. Thus, the patient was found to have a novel blended phenotype associated with multilocus genomic variation: i.e., separate and distinct genetic defects. These findings further illustrate the clinical utility of applying genomic testing in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert P Sanders
- Texas Transplant Institute, Methodist Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeynep H Coban-Akdemir
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vy Hong-Diep Kim
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harjit Dadi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, The Jeffrey Model Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chaim M Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, The Jeffrey Model Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Troy Quigg
- Texas Transplant Institute, Methodist Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Celine Hanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Abstract
Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a prototypical genomic instability disorder with multi-organ deficiency and it is caused by the defective function of a single gene, ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated). Radiosensitivity, among the pleiotropic symptoms of A-T, reflects the basic physiological functions of ATM protein in the double strand break (DSB)-induced DNA damage response (DDR) and also restrains A-T patients from the conventional radiation therapy for their lymphoid malignancy. In this chapter, we describe two methods that have been developed in our lab to assess the radiosensitivity of A-T patients: (1) Colony Survival Assay (CSA) and (2) Flow Cytometry of phospho-SMC1 (FC-pSMC1). The establishment of these more rapid and reliable functional assays to measure the radiosensitivity, exemplified by A-T, would facilitate the diagnosis of other genomic instability genetic disorders as well as help the treatment options for most radiosensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Shareef Nahas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Richard A Gatti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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20
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Liu P, Jin H, Guo Z, Ma J, Zhao J, Li D, Wu H, Gu N. Silver nanoparticles outperform gold nanoparticles in radiosensitizing U251 cells in vitro and in an intracranial mouse model of glioma. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5003-5014. [PMID: 27757033 PMCID: PMC5055115 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy performs an important function in the treatment of cancer, but resistance of tumor cells to radiation still remains a serious concern. More research on more effective radiosensitizers is urgently needed to overcome such resistance and thereby improve the treatment outcome. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the radiosensitizing efficacies of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glioma at clinically relevant megavoltage energies. Both AuNPs and AgNPs potentiated the in vitro and in vivo antiglioma effects of radiation. AgNPs showed more powerful radiosensitizing ability than AuNPs at the same mass and molar concentrations, leading to a higher rate of apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the combination of AgNPs with radiation significantly increased the levels of autophagy as compared with AuNPs plus radiation. These findings suggest the potential application of AgNPs as a highly effective nano-radiosensitizer for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidang Liu
- School of Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University
| | | | - Zhirui Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jun Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University
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21
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Ferlazzo ML, Foray N. Huntington Disease: A Disease of DNA Methylation or DNA Breaks? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1750-1753. [PMID: 27219493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the article by Mollica et al that describes an interesting model for the clinical evolution of Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- INSERM, UMR 1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- INSERM, UMR 1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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22
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Mumbrekar KD, Goutham HV, Vadhiraja BM, Bola Sadashiva SR. Polymorphisms in double strand break repair related genes influence radiosensitivity phenotype in lymphocytes from healthy individuals. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 40:27-34. [PMID: 26974709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of individual radiosensitivity observed in humans can influence individual's susceptibility toward cancer risk and radiotherapy outcome. Therefore, it is important to measure the variation in radiosensitivity and to identify the genetic factors influencing it. METHODS By adopting a pathway specific genotype-phenotype design, we established the variability in cellular radiosensitivity by performing γ-H2AX foci assay in healthy individuals. Further, we genotyped ten selected SNPs in candidate genes XRCC3 (rs861539), XRCC4 (rs1805377), XRCC5 (rs3835), XRCC6 (rs2267437), ATM (rs3218698, rs1800057), LIG4 (rs1805388), NBN (rs1805794), RAD51 (rs1801320) and PRKDC (rs7003908), and analysed their influence on observed variation in radiosensitivity. RESULTS The rs2267437 polymorphisms in XRCC6 was associated (P=0.0326) with increased DSB induction while rs1805388 in LIG4 (P=0.0240) was associated with increased radioresistance. Further, multiple risk alleles decreased the DSB repair capacity in an additive manner. Polymorphisms in candidate DSB repair genes can act individually or in combination to the efficacy of DSB repair process, resulting in variation of cellular radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Current study suggests that γ-H2AX assay may fulfil the role of a rapid and sensitive biomarker that can be used for epidemiological studies to measure variations in radiosensitivity. DSB repair gene polymorphisms can impact the formation and repair of DSBs. IMPACT γ-H2AX foci analysis as well as DSBs repair gene polymorphisms can be used to assess cellular radiosensitivity, which will be useful in population risk assessment, disease prediction, individualization of radiotherapy and also in setting the radiation protection standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hassan Venkatesh Goutham
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Satish Rao Bola Sadashiva
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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23
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Gatz SA, Salles D, Jacobsen EM, Dörk T, Rausch T, Aydin S, Surowy H, Volcic M, Vogel W, Debatin KM, Stütz AM, Schwarz K, Pannicke U, Hess T, Korbel JO, Schulz AS, Schumacher J, Wiesmüller L. MCM3AP and POMP Mutations Cause a DNA-Repair and DNA-Damage-Signaling Defect in an Immunodeficient Child. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:257-68. [PMID: 26615982 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunodeficiency patients with DNA repair defects exhibit radiosensitivity and proneness to leukemia/lymphoma formation. Though progress has been made in identifying the underlying mutations, in most patients the genetic basis is unknown. Two de novo mutated candidate genes, MCM3AP encoding germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) and POMP encoding proteasome maturation protein (POMP), were identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in a child with complex phenotype displaying immunodeficiency, genomic instability, skin changes, and myelodysplasia. GANP was previously described to promote B-cell maturation by nuclear targeting of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and to control AID-dependent hyperrecombination. POMP is required for 20S proteasome assembly and, thus, for efficient NF-κB signaling. Patient-derived cells were characterized by impaired homologous recombination, moderate radio- and cross-linker sensitivity associated with accumulation of damage, impaired DNA damage-induced NF-κB signaling, and reduced nuclear AID levels. Complementation by wild-type (WT)-GANP normalized DNA repair and WT-POMP rescued defective NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, we identified for the first time mutations in MCM3AP and POMP in an immunodeficiency patient. These mutations lead to cooperative effects on DNA recombination and damage signaling. Digenic/polygenic mutations may constitute a novel genetic basis in immunodeficiency patients with DNA repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Gatz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Daniela Salles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
| | - Sevtap Aydin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Department of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Meta Volcic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Department of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Adrian M Stütz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pannicke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53127, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany
| | - Ansgar S Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53127, Germany
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
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24
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Wu J, Zhang JY, Yin L, Wu JZ, Guo WJ, Wu JF, Chen M, Xia YY, Tang JH, Ma YC, He X. HAP1 gene expression is associated with radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:162-6. [PMID: 25446120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between huntingtin-associated protein1 (HAP1) gene and radiation therapy of breast cancer cells. METHODS HAP1 gene was transfected into breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR) and Western blot in vitro. The changes of cell radiosensitivity were assessed by colony formation assay. Apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. The expressions of two radiation-induced genes were evaluated by Western blot. Tumor growth was investigated in nude mice xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS Our data showed that HAP1 gene expression was significantly increased in HAP1-transfected MCF-7 cells in comparison with the parental cells or negative control cells. The survival rate in MCF-7/HAP1 cells was significantly decreased after irradiation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8Gy), compared to cells in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Pb groups in vitro. HAP1 gene increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells after irradiation. Additionally, the tumor volume and weight in MCF-7/HAP1+RT group were observably lower than in MCF-7/HAP1 group and MCF-7/Pb+RT group. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that HAP1 gene expression was related to the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells and may play an important role in the regulation of cellular radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Ying Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - You-You Xia
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Chao Ma
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Radiosensitization effect of nedaplatin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in different status of Epstein-Barr virus infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:713674. [PMID: 24900979 PMCID: PMC4036599 DOI: 10.1155/2014/713674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the radiosensitization effect of nedaplatin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines with different Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status. Human NPC cell lines CNE-2 (EBV-negative) and C666 (EBV-positive) were treated with 0-100 μg/mL nedaplatin, and inhibitory effects on cell viability and IC50 were calculated by MTS assay. We assessed changes in radiosensitivity of cells by MTS and colony formation assays, and detected the apoptosis index and changes in cell cycle by flow cytometry. MTS assay showed that nedaplatin caused significant cytotoxicity in CNE-2 and C666 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 24 h, nedaplatin inhibited growth of CNE-2 and C666 cells with IC50 values of 34.32 and 63.69 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with radiation alone, nedaplatin enhanced the radiation effect on both cell lines. Nedaplatin markedly increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Nedaplatin radiosensitized human NPC cells CNE-2 and C666, with a significantly greater effect on the former. The mechanisms of radiosensitization include induction of apoptosis and enhancement of cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
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26
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Martin NT, Nakamura K, Paila U, Woo J, Brown C, Wright JA, Teraoka SN, Haghayegh S, McCurdy D, Schneider M, Hu H, Quinlan AR, Gatti RA, Concannon P. Homozygous mutation of MTPAP causes cellular radiosensitivity and persistent DNA double-strand breaks. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1130. [PMID: 24651433 PMCID: PMC3973239 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of rare human syndromes characterized by radiosensitivity has been instrumental in identifying novel proteins and pathways involved in DNA damage responses to ionizing radiation. In the present study, a mutation in mitochondrial poly-A-polymerase (MTPAP), not previously recognized for its role in the DNA damage response, was identified by exome sequencing and subsequently associated with cellular radiosensitivity. Cell lines derived from two patients with the homozygous MTPAP missense mutation were radiosensitive, and this radiosensitivity could be abrogated by transfection of wild-type mtPAP cDNA into mtPAP-deficient cell lines. Further analysis of the cellular phenotype revealed delayed DNA repair, increased levels of DNA double-strand breaks, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased cell death after irradiation (IR). Pre-IR treatment of cells with the potent anti-oxidants, α-lipoic acid and n-acetylcysteine, was sufficient to abrogate the DNA repair and clonogenic survival defects. Our results firmly establish that mutation of the MTPAP gene results in a cellular phenotype of increased DNA damage, reduced repair kinetics, increased cell death by apoptosis, and reduced clonogenic survival after exposure to ionizing radiation, suggesting a pathogenesis that involves the disruption of ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Martin
- 1] UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] UCLA Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - U Paila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Woo
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Brown
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J A Wright
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S N Teraoka
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Haghayegh
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D McCurdy
- UCLA Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - H Hu
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Quinlan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R A Gatti
- 1] UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] UCLA Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] UCLA Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Concannon
- 1] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Murray JE, Bicknell LS, Yigit G, Duker AL, van Kogelenberg M, Haghayegh S, Wieczorek D, Kayserili H, Albert MH, Wise CA, Brandon J, Kleefstra T, Warris A, van der Flier M, Bamforth JS, Doonanco K, Adès L, Ma A, Field M, Johnson D, Shackley F, Firth H, Woods CG, Nürnberg P, Gatti RA, Hurles M, Bober MB, Wollnik B, Jackson AP. Extreme growth failure is a common presentation of ligase IV deficiency. Hum Mutat 2013; 35:76-85. [PMID: 24123394 PMCID: PMC3995017 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligase IV syndrome is a rare differential diagnosis for Nijmegen breakage syndrome owing to a shared predisposition to lympho-reticular malignancies, significant microcephaly, and radiation hypersensitivity. Only 16 cases with mutations in LIG4 have been described to date with phenotypes varying from malignancy in developmentally normal individuals, to severe combined immunodeficiency and early mortality. Here, we report the identification of biallelic truncating LIG4 mutations in 11 patients with microcephalic primordial dwarfism presenting with restricted prenatal growth and extreme postnatal global growth failure (average OFC -10.1 s.d., height -5.1 s.d.). Subsequently, most patients developed thrombocytopenia and leucopenia later in childhood and many were found to have previously unrecognized immunodeficiency following molecular diagnosis. None have yet developed malignancy, though all patients tested had cellular radiosensitivity. A genotype-phenotype correlation was also noted with position of truncating mutations corresponding to disease severity. This work extends the phenotypic spectrum associated with LIG4 mutations, establishing that extreme growth retardation with microcephaly is a common presentation of bilallelic truncating mutations. Such growth failure is therefore sufficient to consider a diagnosis of LIG4 deficiency and early recognition of such cases is important as bone marrow failure, immunodeficiency, and sometimes malignancy are long term sequelae of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie E Murray
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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28
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Abstract
In 1988, the gene responsible for the autosomal recessive disease ataxia- telangiectasia (A-T) was localized to 11q22.3-23.1. It was eventually cloned in 1995. Many independent laboratories have since demonstrated that in replicating cells, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is predominantly a nuclear protein that is involved in the early recognition and response to double-stranded DNA breaks. ATM is a high-molecular-weight PI3K-family kinase. ATM also plays many important cytoplasmic roles where it phosphorylates hundreds of protein substrates that activate and coordinate cell-signaling pathways involved in cell-cycle checkpoints, nuclear localization, gene transcription and expression, the response to oxidative stress, apoptosis, nonsense-mediated decay, and others. Appreciating these roles helps to provide new insights into the diverse clinical phenotypes exhibited by A-T patients-children and adults alike-which include neurodegeneration, high cancer risk, adverse reactions to radiation and chemotherapy, pulmonary failure, immunodeficiency, glucose transporter aberrations, insulin-resistant diabetogenic responses, and distinct chromosomal and chromatin changes. An exciting recent development is the ATM-dependent pathology encountered in mitochondria, leading to inefficient respiration and energy metabolism and the excessive generation of free radicals that themselves create life-threatening DNA lesions that must be repaired within minutes to minimize individual cell losses.
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29
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XCIND as a genetic disease of X-irradiation hypersensitivity and cancer susceptibility. Int J Hematol 2012; 97:37-42. [PMID: 23266960 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The XCIND syndrome is named after distinct hypersensitivity to ionizing (X-ray) irradiation, cancer susceptibility, immunodeficiency, neurological abnormality, and double-strand DNA breakage. The disorders comprising XCIND syndrome are usually inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is one such disease, and is caused by biallelic germline mutation of the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. Heterozygous carriers of the ATM mutation, who do not show A-T-like clinical symptoms, are estimated to comprise 1 % of the population. Thus, understanding the biological basis of XCIND, including A-T, should help shed light on the pathogenesis of genetic diseases with cancer susceptibility.
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30
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Davies RC, Pettijohn K, Fike F, Wang J, Nahas SA, Tunuguntla R, Hu H, Gatti RA, McCurdy D. Defective DNA double-strand break repair in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:568-78. [PMID: 21905016 DOI: 10.1002/art.33334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous reports of cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) note that repair of single-strand breaks is delayed, and these lesions may be converted to double-strand breaks (DSBs) at DNA replication forks. We undertook this study to assess the integrity of DSB recognition, signaling, and repair mechanisms in B lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with pediatric SLE. METHODS Nine assays were used to interrogate DSB repair and recognition in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with pediatric SLE, including the neutral comet assay (NCA), colony survival assay (CSA), irradiation-induced foci formation for γ-H2AX and 53BP1 proteins, kinetics of phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1 (SMC1), postirradiation bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to evaluate S phase checkpoint integrity, monoubiquitination of Fanconi protein D2, ATM protein expression, and non-homologous DNA end joining protein expression and function. RESULTS Three of the 9 assays revealed abnormal patterns of response to irradiation-induced DNA damage. The NCA and CSA yielded aberrant results in the majority of SLE lymphoblastoid cell lines. Abnormal prolongation of SMC1 phosphorylation was also noted in 2 of 16 SLE lymphoblastoid cell lines. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that DSB repair is defective in some lymphoblastoid cell lines from pediatric patients with SLE, especially when assessed by both NCA and CSA. Since these studies are nonspecific, further studies of DNA repair and kinetics are indicated to further delineate the underlying pathogenesis of SLE and possibly identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Davies
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Nakada S, Yonamine RM, Matsuo K. RNF8 regulates assembly of RAD51 at DNA double-strand breaks in the absence of BRCA1 and 53BP1. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4974-83. [PMID: 22865450 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein BRCA1 localizes to sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), promoting repair by homologous recombination through the recruitment of DNA damage repair proteins. In normal cells, homologous recombination largely depends on BRCA1. However, assembly of the pivotal homologous recombination regulator RAD51 can occur independently of BRCA1 in the absence of 53BP1, another DNA damage response protein. How this assembly process proceeds is unclear, but important to understand in tumor cell settings where BRCA1 is disabled. Here we report that RNF8 regulates BRCA1-independent homologous recombination in 53BP1-depleted cells. RNF8 depletion suppressed the recruitment of RAD51 to DSB sites without affecting assembly or phosphorylation of the replication protein RPA in neocarzinostatin-treated or X-ray-irradiated BRCA1/53BP1-depleted cells. Furthermore, RNF8/BRCA1/53BP1-depleted cells exhibited less efficient homologous recombination than BRCA1/53BP1-depleted cells. Intriguingly, neither RNF8 nor its relative RNF168 were required for RAD51 assembly at DSB sites in 53BP1-expressing cells. Moreover, RNF8-independent RAD51 assembly was found to be regulated by BRCA1. Together, our findings indicate a tripartite regulation of homologous recombination by RNF8, BRCA1, and 53BP1. In addition, our results predict that RNF8 inhibition may be a useful treatment of BRCA1-mutated/53BP1(low) cancers, which are considered resistant to treatment by PARP1 inhibitors and of marked current clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Nakada
- Department of Bioregulation and Cellular Response, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Adams G, Martin OA, Roos DE, Lobachevsky PN, Potter AE, Zacest AC, Bezak E, Bonner WM, Martin RF, Leong T. Enhanced intrinsic radiosensitivity after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery for an acoustic neuroma. Radiother Oncol 2012; 103:410-4. [PMID: 22560711 PMCID: PMC7418889 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced radiosensitivity is an uncommon phenomenon attributable to deficient DNA repair after radiotherapy which can be assessed with the γ-H2AX assay. Reports of radiosensitivity after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are uncommon. We describe a case where the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings suggest enhanced radiosensitivity after SRS for an acoustic neuroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Adams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Vece TJ, Schecter MG, Gatti RA, Tunuguntla R, Garcia CK, Langston C, Dishop MK, Moore RH, Fan LL. Rapid and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in 2 families with DNA repair deficiencies of undetermined etiology. J Pediatr 2012; 160:700-702.e3. [PMID: 22240110 PMCID: PMC4835171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Known genetic causes of pediatric interstitial lung disease include disorders of surfactant metabolism, telomerase, and DNA repair. We report 4 children from 2 families with rapidly progressive and fatal pulmonary fibrosis. A novel DNA repair defect unrelated to the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene was found in 1 child from each family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Vece
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marc G. Schecter
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Richard A. Gatti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rashmi Tunuguntla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Claire Langston
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Megan K. Dishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Robert H. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Leland L. Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
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de Miranda NF, Björkman A, Pan-Hammarström Q. DNA repair: the link between primary immunodeficiency and cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1246:50-63. [PMID: 22236430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive component of the immune system depends greatly on the generation of genetic diversity provided by lymphocyte-specific genomic rearrangements. V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination (CSR), and somatic hypermutation (SHM) constitute complex and vulnerable processes that are orchestrated by a multitude of DNA repair pathways. When inherited defects in certain DNA repair proteins are present, lymphocyte development can be compromised and, consequently, patients can develop primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). PID patients often have a strong predisposition for cancer development as a result of genomic instability generated from defective DNA repair mechanisms. Tumors of lymphoid origin are one of the most common PID-associated cancers, likely due to DNA lesions resulting from defective V(D)J, CSR, and SHM. In this review, we describe PID syndromes that confer an increased risk for cancer development. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the affected proteins in tumorigenesis/lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Fcc de Miranda
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li X, Zhou J, Nahas SA, Wan H, Hu H, Gatti RA. Common copy number variations in fifty radiosensitive cell lines. Genomics 2012; 99:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Nahas SA, Davies R, Fike F, Nakamura K, Du L, Kayali R, Martin NT, Concannon P, Gatti RA. Comprehensive profiling of radiosensitive human cell lines with DNA damage response assays identifies the neutral comet assay as a potential surrogate for clonogenic survival. Radiat Res 2012; 177:176-86. [PMID: 21962002 PMCID: PMC4316198 DOI: 10.1667/rr2580.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to explore the possible causes of human radiosensitivity and identify more rapid assays for cellular radiosensitivity, we interrogated a set of assays that evaluate cellular functions involved in recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks: (1) neutral comet assay, (2) radiation-induced γ-H2AX focus formation, (3) the temporal kinetics of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 phosphorylation, (4) intra-S-phase checkpoint integrity, and (5) mitochondrial respiration. We characterized a unique panel of 19 "radiosensitive" human lymphoblastoid cell lines from individuals with undiagnosed diseases suggestive of a DNA repair disorder. Radiosensitivity was defined by reduced cellular survival using a clonogenic survival assay. Each assay identified cell lines with defects in DNA damage response functions. The highest concordance rate observed, 89% (17/19), was between an abnormal neutral comet assay and reduced survival by the colony survival assay. Our data also suggested that the neutral comet assay would be a more rapid surrogate for analyzing DNA repair/processing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareef A Nahas
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Medeiros M, Zheng X, Novak P, Wnek SM, Chyan V, Escudero-Lourdes C, Gandolfi AJ. Global gene expression changes in human urothelial cells exposed to low-level monomethylarsonous acid. Toxicology 2011; 291:102-12. [PMID: 22108045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer has been associated with chronic arsenic exposure. Monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] is a metabolite of inorganic arsenic and has been shown to transform an immortalized urothelial cell line (UROtsa) at concentrations 20-fold less than arsenite. MMA(III) was used as a model arsenical to examine the mechanisms of arsenical-induced transformation of urothelium. A microarray analysis was performed to assess the transcriptional changes in UROtsa during the critical window of chronic 50nM MMA(III) exposure that leads to transformation at 3 months of exposure. The analysis revealed only minor changes in gene expression at 1 and 2 months of exposure, contrasting with substantial changes observed at 3 months of exposure. The gene expression changes at 3 months were analyzed showing distinct alterations in biological processes and pathways such as a response to oxidative stress, enhanced cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, MAPK signaling, as well as inflammation. Twelve genes selected as markers of these particular biological processes were used to validate the microarray and these genes showed a time-dependent changes at 1 and 2 months of exposure, with the most substantial changes occurring at 3 months of exposure. These results indicate that there is a strong association between the acquired phenotypic changes that occur with chronic MMA(III) exposure and the observed gene expression patterns that are indicative of a malignant transformation. Although the substantial changes that occur at 3 months of exposure may be a consequence of transformation, there are common occurrences of altered biological processes between the first 2 months of exposure and the third, which may be pivotal in driving transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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Martin NT, Nahas SA, Tunuguntla R, Fike F, Gatti RA. Assessing 'radiosensitivity' with kinetic profiles of γ-H2AX, 53BP1 and BRCA1 foci. Radiother Oncol 2011; 101:35-8. [PMID: 21722985 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DNA repair assays to identify radiosensitive patients have had limited clinical implementation due to long turn-around times or limited specificity. This study evaluates γ-H2AX-Irradiation Induced Foci (IRIF) kinetics as a more rapid surrogate for the 'gold standard' colony survival assay (CSA) using several known DNA repair disorders as reference models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiosensitive cells of known and unknown etiology were studied. γ-H2AX-IRIFs were quantified over 24 h, and the curves were fitted by combining logarithmic growth and exponential decay functions. Fitted values that differed from radionormal controls were considered aberrant and compared to CSA results. RESULTS We observed 87% agreement of IRIF data with the CSA for the 14 samples tested. Analysis of γ-H2AX-IRIF kinetics for known repair disorders indicated similarities between an RNF168(-/-) cell line and an RS cell of unknown etiology. These cell lines were further characterized by a reduction in BRCA1-IRIF formation and G2/M checkpoint activation. CONCLUSIONS γ-H2AX-IRIF kinetics showed high concordance with the CSA in RS populations demonstrating its potential as a more rapid surrogate assay. This method provides a means to globally identify defective DNA repair pathways in RS cells of unknown etiology through comparison with known DNA repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Martin
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA.
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Dasouki MJ, Lushington GH, Hovanes K, Casey J, Gorre M. The 3q29 microdeletion syndrome: report of three new unrelated patients and in silico "RNA binding" analysis of the 3q29 region. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1654-60. [PMID: 21626679 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human 3q29 microdeletion syndrome is associated with mild facial dysmorphism, developmental delay and variable congenital malformations. We report three new unrelated patients with this syndrome. We also performed in silico RNA binding analysis in silico on the 3q29 critical region genes. Several genes within this genomic region including DLG1 and RNF168 are predicted to bind RNA. While recessive mutations in RNF168 cause RIDDLE syndrome, an immune deficiency and radiosensitivity disorder, the potential impact of heterozygous deletion of RNF168 on patients with the 3q29 deletion syndrome is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed J Dasouki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
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40
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Nakada S. Abnormalities in DNA double-strand break response beyond primary immunodeficiency. Int J Hematol 2011; 93:425-433. [PMID: 21479981 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination are achieved by the cooperative processes of recombination activation gene- or activation-induced cytidine deaminase-dependent DNA cleaving, DNA double-strand break (DSB) response signaling, and DNA repair. Primary immunodeficiency due to dysfunctional DNA recombination can be categorized as severe combined immunodeficiency or other conditions, based on the presence or absence of T cells. We can also classify these diseases as radiosensitive or non-radiosensitive immunodeficiencies. While diseases unable to trigger DNA cleavage do not exhibit radiosensitivity, dysfunction in DSB response signaling or repair does lead to radiosensitive immunodeficiency. Recent studies have begun to clarify the mechanisms underlying the molecular pathogenesis of such DNA DSB-related primary immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Nakada
- Center of Integrated Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Homozygous deficiency of ubiquitin-ligase ring-finger protein RNF168 mimics the radiosensitivity syndrome of ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1500-6. [PMID: 21394101 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity is critical to avoid life-threatening disorders, such as premature aging, neurodegeneration and cancer. A multiprotein cascade operates at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to recognize, signal and repair damage. RNF168 (ring-finger nuclear factor) contributes to this emerging pathway of several E3 ubiquitin ligases that perform sequential ubiquitylations on damaged chromosomes, chromatin modifications essential for aggregation of repair complexes at the DSB sites. Here, we report the clinical and cellular phenotypes associated with a newly identified homozygous nonsense mutation in the RNF168 gene of a patient with a syndrome mimicking ataxia-telangiectasia. The mutation eliminated both of RNF168's ubiquitin-binding motifs, thus blocking progression of the ubiquitylation cascade and retention of repair proteins including tumor suppressors 53BP1 and BRCA1 at DSB sites, consistent with the observed defective DNA damage checkpoints/repair and pronounced radiosensitivity. Rapid screening for RNF168 pathway deficiency was achieved by scoring patients' lymphoblastoid cells for irradiation-induced nuclear foci containing 53BP1, a robust assay we propose for future diagnostic applications. The formation of radiation-induced DSB repair foci was rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type RNF168 in patient's cells, further causally linking the RNF168 mutation with the pathology. Clinically, this novel syndrome featured ataxia, telangiectasia, elevated alphafetoprotein, immunodeficiency, microcephaly and pulmonary failure and has implications for the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxias.
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42
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Flow cytometric methods for prenatal and neonatal diagnosis. J Immunol Methods 2011; 363:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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