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Brandenburg C, Stehlik P, Noble C, Wenke R, Jones K, Hattingh L, Dungey K, Branjerdporn G, Spillane C, Kalantari S, George S, Keijzers G, Mickan S. How can healthcare organisations increase doctors' research engagement? A scoping review. J Health Organ Manag 2024; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 38578070 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-09-2023-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinician engagement in research has positive impacts for healthcare, but is often difficult for healthcare organisations to support in light of limited resources. This scoping review aimed to describe the literature on health service-administered strategies for increasing research engagement by medical practitioners. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched from 2000 to 2021 and two independent reviewers screened each record for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were that studies sampled medically qualified clinicians; reported empirical data; investigated effectiveness of an intervention in improving research engagement and addressed interventions implemented by an individual health service/hospital. FINDINGS Of the 11,084 unique records, 257 studies were included. Most (78.2%) studies were conducted in the USA, and were targeted at residents (63.0%). Outcomes were measured in a variety of ways, most commonly publication-related outcomes (77.4%), though many studies used more than one outcome measure (70.4%). Pre-post (38.8%) and post-only (28.7%) study designs were the most common, while those using a contemporaneous control group were uncommon (11.5%). The most commonly reported interventions included Resident Research Programs (RRPs), protected time, mentorship and education programs. Many articles did not report key information needed for data extraction (e.g. sample size). ORIGINALITY/VALUE This scoping review demonstrated that, despite a large volume of research, issues like poor reporting, infrequent use of robust study designs and heterogeneous outcome measures limited application. The most compelling available evidence pointed to RRPs, protected time and mentorship as effective interventions. Further high-quality evidence is needed to guide healthcare organisations on increasing medical research engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Brandenburg
- Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Paulina Stehlik
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Christy Noble
- Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- Academy for Medical Education, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel Wenke
- Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Kristen Jones
- Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Laetitia Hattingh
- Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Kelly Dungey
- Neurosciences Rehabilitation Unit, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Allied Health Research, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Ciara Spillane
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sharmin Kalantari
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shane George
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gerben Keijzers
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
| | - Sharon Mickan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
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Rometsch C. The Role of Female Physicians in Psychosomatic Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2024; 5:8-12. [PMID: 38249938 PMCID: PMC10797173 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2023.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Female physicians are in some cases preferred by patients due to their sex-related characteristics such as softness and empathy. Psychosomatic medicine presents a compelling working environment due to its holistic approach. Methods This brief review synthesizes the challenges encountered by female physicians in psychosomatic medicine and outlines potential strategies for overcoming these barriers. Results The presence of female role models may constitute a crucial advancement in this process. There exists a pressing demand for specialized clinical and scientific programs in psychosomatic medicine at both national and international levels. Such programs, offered by universities and ministries, as well as comprehensive training initiatives, are indispensable in fostering the next generation of females in psychosomatics. Leading journals can lend their support by publishing special issues dedicated to female physicians. Conclusion Strengthening female physicians throughout all positions in psychosomatic medicine can contribute ultimately to the improvement of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rometsch
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Bronkhorst H, van Weerden WM, Bunnik EM, Zwart H. Awe and anxiety for cancer cells: connecting scientists and patients in a holistic approach of metastasis research. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:85. [PMID: 37752584 PMCID: PMC10523712 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cancer is often experienced by patients as a death sentence. At the same time, translational scientists approach metastasis also as an interesting phenomenon that they try to understand and prevent. These two sides of the same coin do not mask the considerable gap that exists between the laboratory world of scientists and the life world of patients. Funding agencies nowadays increasingly demand researchers to be responsive to the values and priorities of patients and public. One approach to bridge this gap and to increase the impact of science is patient and public involvement (PPI). A concise literature review of PPI research and practice in this paper revealed that although PPI is often deployed in translational health care research, its methodology is not settled, it is not sufficiently emancipatory, and its implementation in basic and translational science is lagging behind. Here, we illustrate the practical implementation of PPI in basic and translational science, namely in the context of HOUDINI, a multidisciplinary network with the ultimate goal to improve the management of metastatic disease. METHODS This paper reports on a societal workshop that was organized to launch the holistic PPI approach of HOUDINI. During this workshop, societal partners, patients, and physicians discussed societal issues regarding cancer metastasis, and contributed to prioritization of research objectives for HOUDINI. In a later stage, the workshop results were discussed with scientists from the network to critically review its research strategy and objectives. RESULTS Workshop participants chose the development of metastasis prediction tools, effective therapies which preserve good quality of life, and non-invasive tissue sampling methods as most important research objectives for HOUDINI. Importantly, during the discussions, mutual understanding about issues like economic feasibility of novel therapies, patient anxiety for metastases, and clear communication between stakeholders was further increased. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the PPI workshop delivered valuable early-stage input and connections for HOUDINI, and may serve as example for similar basic and translational research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildert Bronkhorst
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske M. van Weerden
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Bunnik
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hub Zwart
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hegde MM, Sandbhor P, J. A, Gota V, Goda JS. Insight into lipid-based nanoplatform-mediated drug and gene delivery in neuro-oncology and their clinical prospects. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168454. [PMID: 37483515 PMCID: PMC10357293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the Central nervous System (CNS) are a spectrum of neoplasms that range from benign lesions to highly malignant and aggressive lesions. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment approaches, the morbidity and mortality are high with dismal survival outcomes in these malignant tumors. Moreover, the non-specificity of conventional treatments substantiates the rationale for precise therapeutic strategies that selectively target infiltrating tumor cells within the brain, and minimize systemic and collateral damage. With the recent advancement of nanoplatforms for biomaterials applications, lipid-based nanoparticulate systems present an attractive and breakthrough impact on CNS tumor management. Lipid nanoparticles centered immunotherapeutic agents treating malignant CNS tumors could convene the clear need for precise treatment strategies. Immunotherapeutic agents can selectively induce specific immune responses by active or innate immune responses at the local site within the brain. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic applications of lipid-based nanoplatforms for CNS tumors with an emphasis on revolutionary approaches in brain targeting, imaging, and drug and gene delivery with immunotherapy. Lipid-based nanoparticle platforms represent one of the most promising colloidal carriers for chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic drugs. Their current application in oncology especially in brain tumors has brought about a paradigm shift in cancer treatment by improving the antitumor activity of several agents that could be used to selectively target brain tumors. Subsequently, the lab-to-clinic transformation and challenges towards translational feasibility of lipid-based nanoplatforms for drug and gene/immunotherapy delivery in the context of CNS tumor management is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Manjunath Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Puja Sandbhor
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Aishwarya J.
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S. Goda
- Advance Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Kools FRW, Fox CM, Prakken BJ, van Rijen HVM. One size does not fit all: an exploratory interview study on how translational researchers navigate the current academic reward system. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1109297. [PMID: 37215726 PMCID: PMC10197929 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Translational research is a subfield of the biomedical life sciences that focuses on clinically driven healthcare innovations. The workforce of this subfield, i.e., translational researchers, are diversely specialized and collaborate with a multitude of stakeholders from diverse disciplines in and outside academia in order to navigate the complex path of translating unmet clinical needs into research questions and ultimately into advancements for patient care. Translational researchers have varying responsibilities in the clinical, educational, and research domains requiring them to split their time two- or three-ways. Working between these domains and alongside peers who do not split their time as such, raises questions about the academic reward system used to recognize their performance, which mainly focuses on publication metrics within the research domain. What is unclear is how combining research tasks with tasks in the clinical and/or educational domains effects translational researchers and how they navigate the academic reward system. Methods In this exploratory interview study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the current academic reward system for translational researchers. Stratified purposeful sampling was used to recruit 14 translational researchers from varying countries, subspecialties, and career stages. The interviews were coded after data collection was complete and arranged into three overarching result categories: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic factors, and ideal academic reward system and advice. Results We found that these 14 translational researchers were intrinsically motivated to achieve their translational goals while working in settings where clinical work was reported to take priority over teaching which in turn took priority over time for research. However, it is the latter that was explained to be essential in the academic reward system which currently measures scientific impact largely based on publications metrics. Conclusion In this study, translational researchers were asked about their thoughts regarding the current academic reward system. Participants shared possible structural improvements and ideas for specialized support on an individual, institutional, and also international level. Their recommendations focused on acknowledging all aspects of their work and led to the conclusion that traditional quantitative academic reward metrics do not fully align with their translational goals.
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Zang D, Liu C. Exploring the clinical translation intensity of papers published by the world's top scientists in basic medicine. Scientometrics 2023; 128:2371-2416. [PMID: 36743779 PMCID: PMC9885061 DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which basic medical research is translated into clinical practice is a topic of interest to all stakeholders. In this study, we assessed the clinical translation intensity of papers published by scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the field of basic medicine (Lasker Prize winners for Basic Medical Research). Approximate Potential for Translation (APT), Translational science scores (TS), and Citations by clinical research (Cited by Clin.) were analyzed as dependent variables. A traditional citation indicator was used as a reference (relative citation ratio, RCR). In order to examine the correlation between these different indicators and the characteristics of the paper, the author, and the institution. we used nonparametric tests, Spearman correlations, ordinal least squares regressions (OLS), quantile regressions, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression methods. We found that among the basic medical research papers published by Lasker Basic Medicine Award winners, (1) 20% are cited by clinical research; 11.6% of the papers were more valuable for clinical research than basic research; 12.8% have a probability of more than 50% to be cited in future clinical studies; (2) Spearman correlations were conducted among APT, TS, Cited by Clin., RCR, and all of the other continuous variables. There is a significant, positive, low to moderate correlation between APT, TS, and Cited by Clin (APT and TS: r = 0.549, p < 0.01; APT and Cited by Clin: r = 0.530, p < 0.01; TS and Cited by Clin: r = 0.383, p < 0.01). However, the relationship between RCR and the three indicators of clinical translation intensity was not consistent. APT was positively correlated with RCR (r = 0.553, p < 0.01). Cited by Clin. is weakly positively correlated with RCR (r = 0.381, p < 0.01). There is almost no correlation between TS and RCR (r = 0.184, p < 0.01). (3) Publication age, primary research paper, multidisciplinary science, number of disciplines, authors, institutions, funded projects, references, length of the title, length of paper, physical age, gender, nationality, institutional type, Nobel Prize have a significant relationship with 1 to 3 types of clinical translation intensity measures. In a sample of basic medical research papers published by the world's top scientists in basic medicine, we came to the following conclusions: the three indicators, APT, TS and Cited by Clin., measured the clinical translation intensity of the papers from different perspectives. They are both related to each other and have their own characteristics. In a sample of basic medical research papers published by the world's top scientists in basic medicine, characteristics at the paper, winner, and institution level significantly correlated with the measures of clinical translation intensity. Gender effect on the clinical translation intensity of papers was confirmed. Traditional citation-based indicators and translational-focused indicators measure academic impact and clinical impact respectively. There is a certain degree of disconnect between them. Two types of indicators should be used in combination in future assessments of basic medical research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11192-023-04634-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Library, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sugimoto D, Del Bel M, Butler L. Barriers and Facilitators of Research in Pediatric Sports Medicine Practitioners: A Survey of the PRiSM Society. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:1417-1429. [PMID: 36518842 PMCID: PMC9718726 DOI: 10.26603/001c.39739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Barriers and facilitators to research in sports medicine (SM) by physicians and allied health (AH) professions such as physical therapists and athletic trainers are understudied. The purpose of this research was to examine and compare research barriers, facilitators, and other research related facets including interests, comfort, knowledge, and resources among SM physicians and AH practitioners. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Methods The survey was sent to Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) members. The survey was designed to ask respondents to identify their top barrier and facilitator to conducting research. Research interest (binary), self-rated comfort reading research articles (0-100 scale), self-rated knowledge conducting research independently (0-100 scale), and available research resources were evaluated. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and t-tests were used to compare the responses between SM physicians and AH practitioners. The value of p<0.05 was set as a statistically significant criterion. Results The response rate was 35.7% (N=100). For both SM physicians and AH practitioners, the greatest research barrier was a lack of time. However, the leading research facilitators differed in the two professions. The top research facilitator for SM physicians was availability of research personnel, while availability of research mentoring was selected as a prime facilitator by AH practitioners. There were no differences in research interest between SM physicians (87.0%) and AH practitioners (95.5%, p=0.267). However, self-rated comfort reading research articles was higher in SM physicians (75.6±20.6) than AH practitioners (60.6±28.3, p=0.018). There were no differences in self-rated knowledge conducting research independently between SM physicians (70.2±18.6) and AH practitioners (63.4±24.6, p=0.163). Conclusion Lack of time was the top research barrier for both SM physicians and AH practitioners. Regarding research facilitators, having available time was the main facilitator for SM physicians while availability of mentoring was the leading facilitator in AH practitioners. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda University
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention
| | | | - Lauren Butler
- Department of Rehabilitation Nicklaus Children's Hospital
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Brooks SG, Pawluk MA, Litvinov IV, Fradette J, Chan AW, Philip A, Croitoru D, Richardson KC. Informing a Canadian Skin Science Trainee Program Based on the State of Trainee Programs Offered by International Academic Societies. J Cutan Med Surg 2022; 27:20-27. [PMID: 36408849 PMCID: PMC9902982 DOI: 10.1177/12034754221137570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For dermatology to effectively address the ever-growing medical needs, longstanding communication barriers across investigators working in different research pillars and practicing clinicians must be improved. To address this problem, trainee-specific programs are now evolving to align their educational landscape across basic science, translational and clinical research programs. OBJECTIVES To establish a Skin Investigation Network of Canada (SkIN Canada) training roadmap for the career and skill development of future clinicians, clinican scientists and basic scientists in Canada. This Working Group aims to strengthen and harmonize collaborations and capacity across the skin research community. METHODS The Working Group conducted a search of established international academic societies which offered trainee programs with mandates similar to SkIN Canada. Societies' program items and meetings were evaluated by use of an interview survey and/or the collection of publicly available data. Program logistics, objectives and feedback were assessed for commonalities and factors reported or determined to improve trainee experience. RESULTS Through the various factors explored, the Working Group discovered the need for increasing program accessibility, creating opportunities for soft skill development, emphasizing the importance of current challenges, collecting and responding to feedback, and improving knowledge sharing to bridge pillars of skin research. CONCLUSIONS Although improvements have been made to trainee education in recent years, a plurality of approaches exist and many of the underlying roadblocks remain unresolved. To establish fundamental clinician-basic scientist collaboration and training efforts, this Working Group highlights important factors to include and consider in building a trainee program and emphasizes the importance of trainee education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Brooks
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan A. Pawluk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- SkIN Canada Training Committee, Canada, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - An-Wen Chan
- SkIN Canada Training Committee, Canada, Women’s College Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anie Philip
- SkIN Canada Training Committee, Canada, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Croitoru
- SkIN Canada Training Committee, Canada, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,David Croitoru, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1B2, Canada;
| | - Katlyn C. Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, SkIN Canada Training Committee, Canada,Katlyn C. Richardson, ICORD Centre, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, 818 West 10th Ave. Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
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Ibargoyen-Roteta N, Galnares-Cordero L, Benguria-Arrate G, Chacón-Acevedo KR, Gutiérrez-Sepulveda MP, Low-Padilla E, De La Hoz-Siegler IH, Guevara-Pérez CI, del Pozo-Pérez Á, Suárez M, Dauben HP, Otte M, Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea I. A systematic review of the early dialogue frameworks used within health technology assessment and their actual adoption from HTA agencies. Front Public Health 2022; 10:942230. [PMID: 36276363 PMCID: PMC9583828 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.942230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early advice in the process of developing health technologies allows manufacturers to plan their production and transfer to health care systems more accurately. This review aims to describe frameworks used within HTA and their current use by HTA Agencies. Material and methods We carried out a systematic literature review in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and WoS, including all references published in Spanish and English. This was last updated in March 2022. We extracted all available information regarding the organizations involved, services offered, types of technology, collaborators involved, fees, output and impact. Websites of several HTA organizations and Google were also searched in order to update and complete the information obtained from this generic search. Results Five-hundred and forty one articles were identified and screened, of which 26 met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Seven of them were non-systematic reviews that described two or more HTA organizations. Ten studies were focused on the advice offered by individual organizations, and eight described the EMA and EUnetHTA parallel or joint advice. We found variations in the technology assessed, services offered, stage of development and costs for advisory services. Conclusions Early and scientific advice would help manufacturers focus their product development on what is needed for the management of specific diseases. Most of the examples or services found refer to drugs as well as to some medical devices and diagnostics. A common definition of the type of advice that could be offered for different health technologies by HTA bodies to ascertain health care systems and manufacturers' needs, in addition to the timeline in which that advice needs to be given, would help HTA bodies provide the right support at the right time. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020219401, PROSPERO CRD42020219401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ibargoyen-Roteta
- Basque Office for HTA (Osteba)/Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Barakaldo, Spain,*Correspondence: Nora Ibargoyen-Roteta
| | - Lorea Galnares-Cordero
- Basque Office for HTA (Osteba)/Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gaizka Benguria-Arrate
- Basque Office for HTA (Osteba)/Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Eduardo Low-Padilla
- Translational Research Group, Global Institute for Clinical Excellence, Keralty SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Marta Suárez
- Biokeralty Research Institute AIE, Miñano, Spain
| | | | | | - Iñaki Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea
- Basque Office for HTA (Osteba)/Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Barakaldo, Spain,Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research (BIOEF), Barakaldo, Spain
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Duff C, Baruteau J. Modelling urea cycle disorders using iPSCs. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:56. [PMID: 36163209 PMCID: PMC9513077 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The urea cycle is a liver-based pathway enabling disposal of nitrogen waste. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of enzymes or transporters involved in the urea cycle and have a prevalence of 1:35,000 live births. Patients present recurrent acute hyperammonaemia, which causes high rate of death and neurological sequelae. Long-term therapy relies on a protein-restricted diet and ammonia scavenger drugs. Currently, liver transplantation is the only cure. Hence, high unmet needs require the identification of effective methods to model these diseases to generate innovative therapeutics. Advances in both induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies have provided an invaluable opportunity to model patient-specific phenotypes in vitro by creating patients’ avatar models, to investigate the pathophysiology, uncover novel therapeutic targets and provide a platform for drug discovery. This review summarises the progress made thus far in generating 2- and 3-dimensional iPSCs models for UCDs, the challenges encountered and how iPSCs offer future avenues for innovation in developing the next-generation of therapies for UCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Duff
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. .,National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Dovat S, Gowda C, Mailman RB, Parent LJ, Huang X. Clinician-Scientist Faculty Mentoring Program (FAME) - A New Inclusive Training Model at Penn State Increases Scholarly Productivity and Extramural Grant Funding. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1039-1050. [PMID: 36120395 PMCID: PMC9480202 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s365953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinician-scientists have a high attrition rate at the junior-faculty level, before they gain independent funding. We identified the lack of skill set, clinician-scientist community and collaboration between clinician-scientists and clinicians with predominantly clinical duties, as key problems in our medium-size college of medicine. METHODS We designed a novel two-year educational program, the Clinician-scientist Faculty Mentoring program (FAME) specifically to target junior clinician-scientists. The program enrollment included both lab-based, "traditional" and "non-traditional" clinician-scientists, with predominantly clinical duties and limited time for research. The curriculum included the novel educational tools: Emerging technology seminars and mentored work-in-progress research seminars, integrated with mock grant review. RESULTS The first class enrolled 17 clinician-scientists with diverse clinical subspecialty, previous research training, and protected research time. After two years in the program, the self-assessment of FAME scholars demonstrated strong improvement in grantsmanship skills, career development, emerging technologies, and the sense of community and collaboration. Compared to the period before initiating FAME, scholars increased annual scholarly output by 65% and new extramural funding by >20-fold ($0.189 vs $4.0 million) following completion of FAME. The "traditional" clinician-scientists, who had >50% research time, increased new extramural funding by ~25-fold ($0.134 vs $3.336 million), whereas "non-traditional" clinician-scientists who had ≤50% research time increased new extramural funding by >13-fold. CONCLUSION Results suggest that a training program tailored specifically to clinician-scientists leads to increased scholarly productivity and grant funding regardless of research background. Implementing this type of training program nationally, with inclusion of clinician-scientists with various amounts of protected time for research, will help both "traditional" and "non-traditional" clinician-scientists to obtain a substantial independent extramural funding, fulfill their scholarly potential, and enhance their sense of community. Our model would be particularly useful for small-to-medium sized academic institutions, who have a limited clinician-scientist workforce facing competing health care system needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Leslie J Parent
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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12
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Grailer JG, Alhallak K, Antes AL, Kinch MS, Woods L, Toker E, Garbutt JM. A Novel Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) Training Program for Biomedical Research Trainees. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:1335-1340. [PMID: 35507454 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Contemporary science emphasizes efficient translation of scientific discoveries into tangible, innovative products and services to improve human health. Therefore, researchers need skills in innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) to select which problems to address and bring to market the most promising solutions. Training in this skillset is not currently available to most biomedical research trainees. APPROACH The Entrepreneurship for Biomedicine (E4B) training program was created to develop biomedical researchers' I&E skills. The program comprises 2 semester-length courses: E4B1 teaches core skills; E4B2 focuses on advanced skills for those interested in pursuing funding for a new venture. In addition to traditional entrepreneurship training, E4B teaches ethics and personal skills such as resilience, communication, and team-building. Each course is delivered online and requires about 4 hours weekly. Program elements include short videos for didactic content; a team-based capstone project; mentorship from experienced entrepreneurs; and a live, virtual pitch presentation. The program is housed at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and is open to pre- and postdoctoral biomedical research trainees and faculty nationwide. OUTCOMES In 2020, 77 trainees completed E4B1 and 13 went on to complete E4B2. Trainees in both courses were satisfied with learning content and mentorship and would recommend the program to a friend. Pre- and postanalyses demonstrated that trainees' confidence in their knowledge about and ability to perform I&E tasks taught throughout the program increased. Since completion, 4 graduates have received external funding for an innovation and 3 have started a company. NEXT STEPS E4B is well accepted, and this preliminary evaluation suggests the program is effective. It could serve to support medical school curricula, business competitions, and technology transfer efforts, which are opportunities for future exploration. A more robust evaluation is planned and recruitment will be expanded to increase participation from women and underrepresented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Grailer
- J.G. Grailer is senior project manager, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-4967
| | - Kinan Alhallak
- K. Alhallak is a fellow, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-0357
| | - Alison L Antes
- A.L. Antes is associate professor, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-7701
| | - Michael S Kinch
- M.S. Kinch is associate vice chancellor and director, Center for Research Innovation in Biotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3939-3756
| | - Letha Woods
- L. Woods is assistant professor and assistant dean, Students and Professional Development, Graduate Studies, and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-8812
| | - Emre Toker
- E. Toker is entrepreneurship analyst, General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-4872
| | - Jane M Garbutt
- J.M. Garbutt is professor of medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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13
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Jimenez J, Gamble-George J, Danies G, Hamm RL, Porras AM. Public Engagement with Biotechnology Inside and Outside the Classroom: Community-Focused Approaches. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 1:346-354. [PMID: 36032190 PMCID: PMC9407021 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology offers vast benefits to the environment, animals, and human health, and contributes to improving socioeconomic conditions for the public. However, biotechnology innovations continue to trigger public concern and opposition over their potential social, health, and ecological risks. There is an opportunity to increase knowledge and acceptance of biotechnology through engagement, education, and community participation. In this perspective, we highlight crucial factors that shape the public perception of biotechnology and present opportunities for scientists to effectively communicate their ideas while engaging with local and global communities. Initiatives that seek to involve communities in design, development, and adoption processes are crucial for the successful implementation of biotechnology-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joyonna Gamble-George
- Behavioral Science Training in Drug Abuse Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giovanna Danies
- Design Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ana Maria Porras
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Shearman K, Masters A, Nutt D, Bowman S, Draper H. Acceptability of donor funding for clinical trials in the UK: a qualitative empirical ethics study using focus groups to elicit the views of research patient public involvement group members, research ethics committee chairs and clinical researchers. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055208. [PMID: 35715186 PMCID: PMC9207757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Plutocratic Proposal is a novel method of funding early phase clinical trials where a single donor funds the entire trial and in so doing secures a place on it. The aim of this study was to identify and explore concerns that may be raised by UK research ethics committees (RECs) when reviewing clinical trials funded in this way. DESIGN Empirical ethics combining ethical analysis and qualitative data from three focus groups held online using Frith's symbiotic approach. Data were analysed using inductive thematic approach informed by the study aims and ethical analysis. PARTICIPANTS 22 participants were recruited: 8 research patient public involvement group members, 7 REC chairs and 7 clinical researchers. All were based in the UK. RESULTS With one exception, participants thought the Plutocratic Proposal may be 'all things considered' acceptable, providing their concerns were met, primary of which was upholding scientific integrity. Other concerns discussed related to the acceptability of the donor securing a place on the trial including: whether this was an unfair distribution of benefits, disclosing the identity of the donor as the funder, protecting the donor from exploitation and funding a single study with multiple donors on the same terms. Some misgivings fell outside the usual REC purview: detrimental impact of donors of bad character, establishing the trustworthiness of the matching agency and its processes and optimising research funding and resources. Despite their concerns, participants recognised that because the donor funds the whole trial, others would also potentially benefit from participating. CONCLUSIONS We identified concerns about the Plutocratic Proposal. UK RECs may be open to approving studies if these can be addressed. Existing governance processes will do some of this work, but additional REC guidance, particularly in relation to donors securing a place on the trial, may be necessary to help RECs navigate ethical concerns consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie Shearman
- Health Sciences, University of Warwick Faculty of Medicine, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Simon Bowman
- Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather Draper
- Health Sciences, University of Warwick Faculty of Medicine, Coventry, UK
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15
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Garrison HH, Ley TJ. Physician-scientists in the United States at 2020: Trends and concerns. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22253. [PMID: 35349197 PMCID: PMC9314812 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physician‐scientists comprise a unique and valuable part of the biomedical workforce, but for decades there has been concern about the number of physicians actively engaged in research. Reports have outlined the challenges facing physician‐scientists, and programs have been initiated to encourage and facilitate research careers for medically trained scientists. Many of these initiatives have demonstrated successful outcomes, but there has not been a recent summary of the impact of the past decade of effort. This report compiles available data from surveys of medical education and physician research participation to assess changes in the physician‐scientist workforce from 2011–2020. Several trends are positive: rising enrollments in MD‐PhD programs, greater levels of interest in research careers among matriculating medical students, more research experience during medical school and rising numbers of physicians in academic medicine, and an increase in first R01 grants to physician‐scientists. However, there are now decreased levels of interest in research careers among graduating medical students, a steady decline in MDs applying for NIH loan repayment program support, an increased age at first R01 grant success for physicians, and fewer physicians reporting research as their primary work activity: all of these indicators create concern for the stability of the career path. Despite a recommendation by the Physician‐Scientist Workforce in 2014 to create “real‐time” reporting on NIH grants and grantees to help the public assess trends, this initiative has not been completed. Better information is still needed to fully understand the status of the physician‐scientist workforce, and to assess efforts to stabilize this vulnerable career path.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J Ley
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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16
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Klimas J, Dong H, Hamilton MA, Cullen W, Samet JH, Wood E, Fairbairn N. Impact of the international collaborative addiction medicine research fellowship on physicians' future engagement in addiction research. Subst Abus 2022; 43:809-814. [PMID: 35130132 PMCID: PMC8963348 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.2010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: To evaluate how an international one-year intensive research training program for addiction medicine physicians contributed to subsequent research involvement and productivity. Methods: We prospectively compared addiction medicine physician fellows admitted to a one-year training program with non-admitted controls, using baseline questionnaire and peer-reviewed publication data. Participants' publication activity was assessed from fellowship application date onwards using biomedical databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase). Results: Between July 2014 and June 2020, which is six years of cohorts, 56 (39 women) physicians, both fellows (n = 25) and non-admitted applicants (n = 31), were observed and included in the study, contributing 261 person-years of observation. At baseline, in the fellows' cohort: 76% of participants (19/25) reported past research involvement, 24% (6/25) had one or more advanced graduate degrees (e.g., MPH), and the median number of peer-reviewed, first author publications was one (Interquartile Range [IQR] = 0-2). At baseline, in the controls' cohort: 84% of participants (26/31) reported past research involvement, 39% (12/31) had one or more advanced graduate degrees, and the median number of peer-reviewed, first author publications was zero. The physicians' training included internal medicine (n = 8), family medicine (n = 33), psychiatry (n = 5) and others (n = 4). At follow up, there was a significant difference between fellows (n = 25) and controls (n = 31) in total number of publications (Rate Ratio [RR] = 13.09, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 5.01 - 34.21, p < 0.001), as well as first author publications (RR = 5.59, 95% CI, 2.23 - 14.06, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the six-year observation period, fellows' productivity indicates undertaking this fellowship was associated with significant research outputs in comparison to controls, signaling successful training of addiction physicians to help recruit addiction medicine physicians to participate in addiction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klimas
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada;,School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Huiru Dong
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Walter Cullen
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey H. Samet
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan Wood
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada;,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nadia Fairbairn
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada;,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Bidkhori HR, Bahrami AR, Mehrzad S, Bakhshi H, Miri R, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Shabani B, Hasanzadeh H, Danaee M, Shamsian SA, Akhavan-Rezayat A, Mohebbi P, Rohani F, M Matin M. Communication barriers between basic scientists and clinicians in regenerative medicine: A qualitative study from Iran. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:799-808. [PMID: 32876983 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Cell-based therapeutics are among the latest advances in health care technologies. The rapid evolution of stem cell science in Iran has necessitated the application of scientific achievements in clinical settings. However, various issues hindered their translation, in particular, impediments in the interactions of basic stem cell scientists and clinicians. We highlighted the impediments in the interactions of stem cell scientists and physicians involved in the opinion of professionals from both groups. METHOD This qualitative research was conducted with thematic analysis, performed by purposive sampling. Thirty-two distinguished stem cell scientists and clinicians were interviewed to identify their perspectives on this matter. MAXQDA 2018 was used to classify the axial codes based on factors related to communications inefficiencies. The analysis of coded data recognized 18 subthemes and six major themes. RESULTS Central themes include different registers of the two parties, counterproductive clusters hampered networking, external communication barriers, the competition to access resources, leadership conflicts, and the dissatisfaction of stakeholders with their share. CONCLUSIONS Most of the impediments were seemingly global, for example, the incoherent medical and basic science educational systems, the vulnerable career path of physician-scientists, and an increasing tendency towards overspecialization. However, some local specific issues were also described, for example, limited funding opportunities and the negative impacts of the division of medical education from the ministry of science, research, and technology in Iran. Proposed interventions include the reinforcement of physician-scientist programs, designing a distributed leadership model, and bringing back the scientific integrity to higher education in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shadi Mehrzad
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Bakhshi
- Social Sciences Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahele Miri
- Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bardia Shabani
- History of economic thought department, Paul Valéry - Montpellier III University, Route de Mende, Montpellier, France
| | - Halimeh Hasanzadeh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Danaee
- Social Sciences Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.,Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Aliakbar Shamsian
- Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Akhavan-Rezayat
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohebbi
- Anesthesiology Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Rohani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Von Hoff DD, Clark GM, Coltman CA, Disis ML, Eckhardt SG, Ellis LM, Foti M, Garrett-Mayer E, Gonen M, Hidalgo M, Hilsenbeck SG, Littlefield JH, LoRusso PM, Lyerly HK, Meropol NJ, Patel JD, Piantadosi S, Post DA, Regan MM, Shyr Y, Tempero MA, Tepper JE, Von Roenn J, Weiner LM, Young DC, Vu NV. A grant-based experiment to train clinical investigators: the AACR/ASCO methods in clinical cancer research workshop. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5472-5481. [PMID: 34312215 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To address the need for clinical investigators in oncology, AACR and ASCO established the Methods in Clinical Cancer Research Workshop (MCCRW). The workshop's objectives were to: (1) provide training in the methods, design, and conduct of clinical trials; (2) ensure that clinical trials met federal and international ethical guidelines; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop; and (4) create networking opportunities for young investigators with mentoring senior faculty. Educational methods included: (1) didactic lectures; (2) Small Group Discussion Sessions; (3) Protocol Development Groups; (4) one-on-one mentoring. Learning focused on the development of an IRB-ready protocol, which was submitted on the last day of the workshop. Evaluation methods included: (1) pre- and post-workshop tests; (2) students' workshop evaluations; (3) faculty's ratings of protocol development; (4) students' productivity in clinical research after the workshop; (5) an independent assessment of the workshop. From 1996-2014, 1932 students from diverse backgrounds attended the workshop. There was a significant improvement in the students' level of knowledge from the pre- to the post-workshop exams (p < 0.001). Across the classes, student evaluations were very favorable. At the end of the workshop, faculty rated 92-100% of the students' protocols as ready for IRB submission. Intermediate and long-term follow-ups indicated that more than 92% of students were actively involved in patientrelated research, and 66% had implemented five or more protocols. This NCI-sponsored MCCRW has had a major impact on the training of clinicians in their ability to design and implement clinical trials in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary M Clark
- Biostatistics & Data Management, Array BioPharma (United States)
| | | | - Mary L Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington
| | | | - Lee M Ellis
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Shyr
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Joel E Tepper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jamie Von Roenn
- Education, Science & Professional Development, American Society of Clinical Oncology
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Donn C Young
- Biostatistics, Ohio State University Medical Center
| | - Nu Viet Vu
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine
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19
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Miga MI, Labadie RF. A Novel Clinically Immersive Pre-doctoral Training Program for Engineering in Surgery and Intervention: Initial Realization and Preliminary Results. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2021; 1:259-276. [PMID: 35633865 PMCID: PMC9141072 DOI: 10.1007/s43683-021-00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel pre-doctoral program is presented that combines (1) immersive observation in the surgical/interventional theatre and (2) thought-provoking exposition activities focused on answering clinically provocative questions. While the long-term goal is to train engineers to conduct clinical translational research in human systems, in this paper, perceived trainee improvements are assessed in: (1) their ability to pose important questions in surgery and intervention, (2) their knowledge of surgical technologies, and (3) their understanding of procedural medicine. The program combines constructivist and constructionist learning approaches through a dual-course suite consisting of: (1) a scaffold lecture design with ten physicians presenting their procedural specialties interleaved with lectures relating engineering principles, and (2) a second course with clinically mentored immersion experiences in the operating room/interventional suite, clinical conferences, and patient rounds. Details of the complementing technical core and learning environment are also provided. Preliminary data reports on the quantitative experiential clinical involvement and on a self-reported survey over 5 cohorts of trainees (n = 18). With respect to immersion, the average surgeries/interventions observed, number of different types, and clinical contact time per student was on average 15.6 ± 7.9 surgeries/interventions, 8.2 ± 3.6 types, and 48.2 ± 14.7 contact hours, respectively. With respect to trainee understanding of procedural medicine, surgical technologies, and value of clinical observation, an average perceived improvement of 41%, 38%, and 41% over the course series was detected, respectively (p < 0.001). Equally impressive, when rating ability to pose important questions affecting human health, an average perceived improvement of 34% was detected (p < 0.001). The preliminary realization of a novel pre-doctoral clinically immersive training program for engineering trainees is described and demonstrates extensive levels of clinical contact and strong evidence that the provided immersion experiences result in significant improvements in understanding of procedural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Miga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37235, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, USA
| | - Robert F. Labadie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37235, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, USA
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20
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Hartl D, de Luca V, Kostikova A, Laramie J, Kennedy S, Ferrero E, Siegel R, Fink M, Ahmed S, Millholland J, Schuhmacher A, Hinder M, Piali L, Roth A. Translational precision medicine: an industry perspective. J Transl Med 2021; 19:245. [PMID: 34090480 PMCID: PMC8179706 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, digital technologies and artificial intelligence, drug discovery and development face unprecedented opportunities for product and business model innovation, fundamentally changing the traditional approach of how drugs are discovered, developed and marketed. Critical to this transformation is the adoption of new technologies in the drug development process, catalyzing the transition from serendipity-driven to data-driven medicine. This paradigm shift comes with a need for both translation and precision, leading to a modern Translational Precision Medicine approach to drug discovery and development. Key components of Translational Precision Medicine are multi-omics profiling, digital biomarkers, model-based data integration, artificial intelligence, biomarker-guided trial designs and patient-centric companion diagnostics. In this review, we summarize and critically discuss the potential and challenges of Translational Precision Medicine from a cross-industry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hartl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Valeria de Luca
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Kostikova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Laramie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Kennedy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enrico Ferrero
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Siegel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fink
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piali
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Evaluation of the academic achievements of clinician health services research scientists involved in "pre-K" career development award programs. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 5:e122. [PMID: 34267949 PMCID: PMC8278162 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research career development awards (CDAs) facilitate development of clinician-scientists. This study compared the academic achievements of individuals in a structured institutional "pre-K" CDA program, the Mayo Clinic Kern Scholars program, with individuals who applied for but were not admitted to the Kern program ("Kern applicants"), and awardees of other unstructured internal CDAs. Methods This was a longitudinal cohort study of clinicians engaged in research at Mayo Clinic between 2010 and 2019. The primary outcome was time to the 15th new peer-reviewed publication after the program start, adjusted for baseline number of publications. Secondarily, we described successful awarding of federal funding by the NIH or VA. Results The median (IQR) number of baseline publications was highest among Kern Scholars compared to Kern Applicants or other CDA awardees [16 (12, 29) vs 5 (1, 11) and 8 (5, 16); P < 0.001]. After adjustment for baseline publications, the time to 15th new publication was significantly shorter for Kern Scholars than for the two comparator groups (P<0.001). Similar findings were observed with total new publications within 5 years (P < 0.001), as well as number of new first-/last-author publications within 5 years (P < 0.001). The overall frequency of K-awards, R-awards (or equivalent), or any funding were similar between groups, with the exception of R03 awards, which were significantly more common among Kern Scholars (P = 0.002). Conclusion The Kern Scholars program is a successful training model for clinician-scientists that demonstrated comparatively greater acceleration of scholarly productivity than other internal CDA programs.
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Orton ML, Nelson Follin N, Dannapfel P, Wengström Y. Roles and functions in clinical care for registered nurses with a PhD-A systematic literature review. Scand J Caring Sci 2021; 36:16-26. [PMID: 33713487 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are responsible for nursing care and their expertise is crucial for quality of care. One factor important to successful delivery of evidence-based care is availability of staff with the expertise to support their colleagues in this endeavour. RN/PhDs versed in scientific research with a thorough knowledge of their disciplines have the potential to help narrow the gap between theory and practice. The roles and functions of RN/PhDs involved in clinical care have not yet been well defined. AIM To explore publications concerning clinical contributions from registered nurses who hold a PhD (RN/PhDs) regarding impact on quality and improvement of care. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted and qualitative content analysis was applied to the data obtained from the included studies. FINDINGS The leadership role is considered essential for RN/PhDs, where the focus is on the pursuit of evidence-based practice and the improvement of nursing practices. The opportunity to combine the clinical and academic aspects of nursing is considered crucial in order for RN/PhDs to influence and improve care, yet few such positions are currently available. RN/PhDs cited limited career opportunities as one important reason for not combining clinical and academic work. CONCLUSIONS In order for nursing practice to reach full potential, clinical positions with clearly defined job descriptions for RN/PhDs are needed. To fully leverage their expertise, it is important to allocate sufficient time to conduct relevant research, as well as to support colleagues and students in the improvement of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Orton
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Nelson Follin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Children's and Women's Health, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,National Specialized Medical Care, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Dannapfel
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Wengström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Orton ML, Nilsen P, Nelson Follin N, Dannapfel P. Is It Possible for Registered Nurses and Physicians to Combine Research and Clinical Work to Facilitate Evidence-Based Practice? Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2020; 18:15-22. [PMID: 33290642 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based patient care requires clinicians to make decisions based on the best available evidence and researchers to provide new scientific knowledge. Clinician-scientists (i.e., registered nurses [RNs] and physicians with a PhD) make important contributions to health care; yet, their roles are not fully understood, supported, or recognized by healthcare leaders. Only a few studies have addressed the factors that enable RNs and physicians to simultaneously pursue both clinical work and research after earning a PhD. AIM To explore what factors have a bearing on the ability of RNs and physicians to pursue research and clinical work simultaneously after earning a PhD. METHODS The study used a qualitative design based on open-ended, in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the data yielded a broad range of factors that RNs and physicians perceived to either facilitate or hinder continued research while simultaneously undertaking clinical work. Most of the perceived barriers were due to factors external to the individual. Several factors applied to both professions yet differed in impact. Factors mentioned as fundamental to continued research were financial support and allocated time for research. Maintenance of a good relationship with academia and support from management were also considered to be important. In addition, personal factors, such as motivation to pursue a research career after obtaining a PhD, were influential. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION A supportive infrastructure is important for enabling clinician-scientists to pursue research after earning a PhD. Creating favorable conditions for RNs and physicians to combine research with clinical work can facilitate evidence-based practice. This information can be used for interventions aimed at improving the conditions for clinician-scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Orton
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsen
- Department of Health and Society, Division of Social Medicine and Public Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nina Nelson Follin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,National Specialized Medical Care, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Dannapfel
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Liu EA, Wang SY, Rao RC. Sustaining Independent Careers in Vision Research: Demographics and Success in Second R01 Attainment Among Clinician-Scientists from 1985 to 2019. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:32. [PMID: 33262906 PMCID: PMC7691794 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.12.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the success of ophthalmology and optometry clinician-scientists in obtaining a second R01 (renewal or new) and factors associated with this success, including gender, clinical specialty, degree, institution, and bench versus non-bench research. Methods First-time National Eye Institute (NEI) R01 awardee data from 1985 to 2014 (N = 234) were analyzed to calculate second R01 success rates. Only R01 awards to ophthalmology or optometry clinician-scientists were included. Demographic data were obtained from clinicians with first-time NEI R01 funding spanning from 1962 to 2019 (N = 386). We obtained information regarding time span of the first R01, year of second R01, institution, and project title on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool, Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) database, and additional measures of gender, clinical specialty, and degree by performing Internet searches. Results Overall, from 1985 to 2014, 62.8% of ophthalmology or optometry clinician-scientists were awarded a second R01; at 5 years after receipt of the first R01 (the typical length of an R01), only 3.9% received their second R01. None of the factors examined (temporal cohort, gender, clinical specialty, degree, institution, or bench vs. non-bench research) was significantly associated with successful attainment of a second R01. Conclusions We found an overall success rate of 62.8% for receiving a second R01, but 5 years after the first R01 an attainment rate for a second R01 of only ∼4%. Translational Relevance Our study provides insight on significant leaks in the clinician-scientist pipeline and raises questions of how stakeholders should support this important group of individuals at the intersection of clinical medicine and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Liu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Y Wang
- Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Rasmussen TE, Kellermann AL, Rauch TM. A Primer on the Military Health System's Approach to Medical Research and Development. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:1652-1657. [PMID: 32079952 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Military Health System (MHS) has a medical research program aimed at a wide range of health-, disease-, and injury-related topic areas that works with civilian academic institutions and the biomedical industry to accomplish its goals. There are many opportunities for civilian academic institutions and the biomedical industry to engage with this program, but its unique features are important to understand to optimize the chances for successful partnerships. Unlike the National Institutes of Health, which uses an "investigator-initiated" approach, the Department of Defense (DoD) aligns its funding with specific needs, also referred to as requirements; thus, DoD research is often described as "requirements-driven" research. At the highest level, requirements are aligned with the National Security Strategy and National Defense Strategy, though requirements documents list specific areas in medicine with unmet needs. Military labs and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, which can also receive DoD appropriations to conduct medical research, serve as hubs that interface with civilian academic institutions and the biomedical industry and organize and track the overall progress of DoD investments. As a mechanism to propel findings from "bench to bedside," the military budgets funds for the various phases of research and development for a given topic area. Research programs are most effective when they are integrated into the MHS learning health system, which allows MHS clinical communities to inform and track research investments and evaluate the utility of research products in real clinical practice settings. This Perspective provides introductory information and a basic framework for those interested in performing DoD-funded medical research or collaborating with researchers in military labs. It is hoped that as academic institutions and the biomedical industry look to increase efficiency in medical research, they will find ways to engage with DoD research opportunities and consider elements of the military's approach useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Rasmussen
- T.E. Rasmussen is professor and associate dean for research, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arthur L Kellermann
- A.L. Kellermann is professor and dean, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Terry M Rauch
- T.M. Rauch is acting deputy assistant secretary of defense for health readiness policy & oversight, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia
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de Groot E, Baggen Y, Moolenaar N, Stevens D, van Tartwijk J, Damoiseaux R, Kluijtmans M. Clinician-Scientists in-and-between Research and Practice: How Social Identity Shapes Brokerage. MINERVA 2020; 59:123-137. [PMID: 33041374 PMCID: PMC7537963 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-020-09420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinician-scientists (CSs) are vital in connecting the worlds of research and practice. Yet, there is little empirical insight into how CSs perceive and act upon their in-and-between position between these socio-culturally distinct worlds. To better understand and support CSs' training and career development, this study aims to gain insight into CSs' social identity and brokerage. The authors conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 17, purposively sampled, CSs to elicit information on their social identity and brokerage. The CSs differ in how they perceive their social identity. Some CSs described their social identity strongly as either a research or clinical identity (dominant research or clinical identity). Other CSs described combined research and clinical identities, which might sometimes be compartmentalised, intersected or merged (non-dominant-identity). In the types of brokerage that they employ, all CSs act as representatives. CSs with a non-dominant identity mostly act as liaison and show considerable variability in their repertoire, including representative and gatekeeper. CSs with a dominant identity have less diversity in their brokerage types. Those with a dominant research identity typically act as a gatekeeper. Combining lenses of social identity theory and brokerage types helps understand CSs who have a dual position in-and-between the worlds of clinical practice and research. Professional development programs should explicitly address CSs' professional identities and subsequent desired brokerage. Research and policy should aim to clarify and leverage the position of CSs in-and-between research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther de Groot
- Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette Baggen
- Human Resources Department, NN-Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Education, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Moolenaar
- Dutch Inspectorate of Education, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diede Stevens
- NSO-CNA Leiderschapsacademie, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Tartwijk
- Department of Education, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Damoiseaux
- Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Kluijtmans
- Center for Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sarma GP, Levey A, Faundez V. The physician-scientist, 75 years after Vannevar Bush-rethinking the 'bench' and 'bedside' dichotomy. Nat Med 2020; 26:461-462. [PMID: 32273602 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal P Sarma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Allan Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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29
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Anand M, Magnuson A, Patil A, Nuristani H, Plumb S, Obrecht S, Katheria V, Mohile S, Dale W. Developing sustainable national infrastructure supporting high-impact research to improve the care of older adults with cancer: A Delphi investigation of geriatric oncology experts. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 11:338-342. [PMID: 31648952 PMCID: PMC7054168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Anand
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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30
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Sorkness CA, Scholl L, Fair AM, Umans JG. KL2 mentored career development programs at clinical and translational science award hubs: Practices and outcomes. J Clin Transl Sci 2020; 4:43-52. [PMID: 32257410 PMCID: PMC7103475 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) include KL2 mentored career development awards for faculty commencing clinical and translational research. A survey of KL2 leaders revealed program practices, curricular elements and compelling data about scholar characteristics and outcomes. METHODS We conducted a literature review, framed the survey construct, and obtained input from across the CTSA consortium. A REDCap survey was emailed in fall 2016 to 61 active programs. RESULTS Fifty-five programs (90.2%) responded. Respondents had been funded from 3 to 11 years, including 22 "mature" hubs funded for ≥8 years. Program cohort sizes were 56% "small", 22% "medium", and 22% "large." Hubs offer extensive competency-aligned training opportunities relevant to clinical and translational research, including graduate degrees, mentorship, and grant-writing. Seventy-two percent of hubs report parallel "KL2-equivalent" career development programs. All hubs share their training and facilitate intermingling with other early stage investigators. A total of 1,517 KL2 scholars were funded. KL2 awardees are diverse in their disciplines, research projects, and representation; 54% are female and 12% self-identified as underrepresented in biomedical research. Eighty-seven percent of scholars have 2-3 mentors and are currently supported for 2-3 years. Seventy-eight percent of alumni remain at CTSA institutions in translational science. The most common form of NIH support following scholars' KL2 award is an individual career development award. CONCLUSIONS The KL2 is a unique career development award, shaped by competency-aligned training opportunities and interdisciplinary mentorship that inform translational research pathways. Tracking both traditional and novel outcomes of KL2 scholars is essential to capture their career trajectories and impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Sorkness
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda Scholl
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Jason G. Umans
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA
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31
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Lawton JS. Commentary: Opposing forces will lead to surgeon scientist extinction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 159:1921-1922. [PMID: 31926693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Lawton
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
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Sarma GP, Levey A, Faundez V. Re-examining physician-scientist training through the prism of the discovery-invention cycle. F1000Res 2019; 8:2123. [PMID: 32089830 PMCID: PMC7014578 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21448.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The training of physician-scientists lies at the heart of future medical research. In this commentary, we apply Narayanamurti and Odumosu’s framework of the “discovery-invention cycle” to analyze the structure and outcomes of the integrated MD/PhD program. We argue that the linear model of “bench-to-bedside” research, which is also reflected in the present training of MD/PhDs, merits continual re-evaluation to capitalize on the richness of opportunities arising in clinical medicine. In addition to measuring objective career outcomes, as existing research has done, we suggest that detailed characterization of researchers’ efforts using both qualitative and quantitative techniques is necessary to understand if dual-degree training is being utilized. As an example, we propose that the application of machine learning and data science to corpora of biomedical literature and anonymized clinical data might allow us to see if there are objective “signatures” of research uniquely enabled by MD/PhD training. We close by proposing several hypotheses for shaping physician-scientist training, the relative merits of which could be assessed using the techniques proposed above. Our overarching message is the importance of deeply understanding individual career trajectories as well as characterizing organizational details and cultural nuances to drive new policy which shapes the future of the physician-scientist workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal P Sarma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Allan Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Krueger AK, Hendriks B, Gauch S. The multiple meanings of translational research in (bio)medical research. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 41:57. [PMID: 31768774 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-019-0293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Translational research is a buzzword which dominates discussions about the quality, the utilization, and the benefits of (bio)medical research. Yet, although translational research has become a prominent topic, no commonly agreed definition of this terminology exists. Instead, experts from different contexts such as biomedical research, clinical practice or nursing discuss translational research in multiple ways depending on how they define the problem that translational research is supposed to be the solution to. In this paper, we do not seek to find a 'correct' definition of translational research, but instead ask how actors using this terminology for describing their own research make sense of it. To do so, we asked three questions: Which actors are engaged in the debate about translational research? What kind of different meanings of translational research exist? And, which actors refer to which meaning of translational research when using the term? In answering these questions, we highlight the role this terminology plays in defining what medical science is about today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Krueger
- Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Barbara Hendriks
- Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, Schuetzenstr. 6a, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Gauch
- Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
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Setty K, Cronk R, George S, Anderson D, O'Flaherty G, Bartram J. Adapting Translational Research Methods to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4049. [PMID: 31652610 PMCID: PMC6843932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Translational research applies scientific techniques to achieve practical outcomes, connecting pure research and pure practice. Many translational research types have arisen since the mid-1900s, reflecting the need to better integrate scientific advancement with policy and practice. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) development efforts have aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve service delivery; thus, associated research has a strong orientation toward applied studies that use diverse methods to support decision-making. Drawing from knowledge that emerged to support other professional fields, such as manufacturing and clinical healthcare, we characterize different types of translational research and clarify nomenclature and principles. We describe study approaches relevant to translational research questions, and offer overarching recommendations, specific examples, and resources for further study as practical advice to professionals who seek to apply translational methods to WaSH problems. To enhance collective outcomes, professionals should mindfully align projects within the translational spectrum. We further recommend overarching good practices such as documenting intervention adaptations, overtly considering contextual factors, and better distinguishing efficacy from effectiveness research by replicating studies in different contexts. By consciously improving the compatibility and linkages between WaSH science and practice, this guide can accelerate urgently needed progress toward global development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Setty
- The Water Institute at UNC and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
| | - Ryan Cronk
- The Water Institute at UNC and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
| | - Shannan George
- The Water Institute at UNC and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
| | - Darcy Anderson
- The Water Institute at UNC and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
| | - Għanja O'Flaherty
- The Water Institute at UNC and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
| | - Jamie Bartram
- The Water Institute at UNC and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166 Rosenau Hall, CB #7431 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA.
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Barry M, de Groot E, Baggen Y, Smalbrugge M, Moolenaar N, Bartelink MLEL, Damoiseaux RAMJ, Scherpbier N, Kluijtmans M. Understanding the Broker Role of Clinician-Scientists: A Realist Review on How They Link Research and Practice. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2019; 94:1589-1598. [PMID: 31169539 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinician-scientists are said to be well placed to connect research and practice, but their broker role has been underexplored. This review sought to gain an understanding of the broker role of clinician-scientists. METHOD The authors conducted a realist review to describe context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations associated with the broker role of clinician-scientists. CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase were searched between May and August 2017. Data were analyzed qualitatively; data synthesis focused on assembling CMO configurations. RESULTS Of an initial 2,241 articles, 9 were included in the final review. Included papers show that clinician-scientists, in their broker role, achieve 2 organizational-level outcomes: an increased volume of clinically relevant, research, and increased evidence application to improve care. They also achieve the individual-level outcome of professional development as a researcher, clinician, and broker. Multidimensional skills and management support are necessary context factors. Mechanisms that contribute to outcomes include balancing economic and scientific interests and performing boundary-crossing activities. Four CMO configurations by which clinician-scientists achieve outcomes in brokering a connection between research and practice were identified. Useful program theories for explaining these are boundary crossing, social network, communities of practice, and diffusion of innovation theory. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms found may provide insight for interventions aiming to support clinician-scientists in their broker role. The authors expect that if more attention is paid to learning multidimensional skills and management support for the broker role is strengthened, stronger links between research and practice could be forged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Barry
- M. Barry is lecturer and researcher, Department of Occupational Therapy, HAN University of Applied Sciences and Open University of the Netherlands, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-3726. E. de Groot is assistant professor in the learning sciences, Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-385X. Y. Baggen is postdoctoral researcher in the area of learning in organizations, Department of Education, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-3925. M. Smalbrugge is elderly care physician and head of the training center for residents in elderly care medicine, Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, and senior researcher, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-4843. N. Moolenaar is inspector of education, Dutch Inspectorate of Education, Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5899-929X. M.-L.E.L. Bartelink is associate professor in general practice, Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9278-1163. R.A.M.J. Damoiseaux is professor in family medicine, Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. N. Scherpbier is associate professor and head of the primary care specialty training department, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-3382. M. Kluijtmans is professor in education to connect science and professional practice, University Medical Center Utrecht, and academic director, Centre for Academic Teaching, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-7639
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Weggemans MM, Friesen F, Kluijtmans M, Prakken B, Ten Cate O, Woods NN, Rosenblum ND. Critical Gaps in Understanding the Clinician-Scientist Workforce: Results of an International Expert Meeting. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2019; 94:1448-1454. [PMID: 31135403 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinician-scientists-health care professionals expert in research and clinical practice-can play a vital role in translating research outcomes to clinical practice. Concerns about the sustainability of the clinician-scientist workforce have been expressed in the literature for decades. Although many have made recommendations to increase the clinician-scientist workforce, there has been no substantial change. Therefore, an international expert meeting was held in March 2017 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, with the goal of discovering unidentified gaps in our understanding of challenges to the sustainability of the clinician-scientist workforce. Nineteen individuals (steering committee members; representatives from the AAMC, AFMC, and RCPSC; and physician-scientists, nurse-scientists, education scientists, deans, vice deans, undergraduate and postgraduate program directors, and a medical student) from Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, and Singapore participated in the meeting. The meeting identified 3 critical questions to be addressed: (1) What is the particular nature of the clinician-scientist role? (2) How are clinician-scientists to be recognized within the health and health research ecosystem? and (3) How can the value that clinician-scientists add to translational medicine and research be clarified to stakeholders and the public? The meeting participants identified a 3-fold agenda to address these questions: articulating the value proposition of clinician-scientists, supporting professionalization and professional identity development, and integrating clinical and research training. Addressing the 3 critical questions will likely contribute to a wider recognition of the value of clinician-scientists and be a first step in advancing from recommendations toward system-level changes to reinvigorate the clinician-scientist workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot M Weggemans
- M.M. Weggemans is a PhD student, Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-0731. F. Friesen is education knowledge broker and program coordinator, Centre for Faculty Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-2795. M. Kluijtmans is professor, Education Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-7639. B. Prakken is professor, vice dean of education, and director, Education Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-4816. O. ten Cate is professor and senior scientist, Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-8780. N.N. Woods is associate professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, and scientist, Wilson Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-1108. N.D. Rosenblum is professor and Canada Research Chair in Developmental Nephrology, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-6464
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Ding EY, Ensom E, Hafer N, Buchholz B, Picard MA, Dunlap D, Rogers E, Lawton C, Koren A, Lilly C, Fitzgibbons TP, McManus DD. Point-of-care technologies in heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders from the Center for Advancing Point-of-Care Technologies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 11:58-67. [PMID: 32582870 PMCID: PMC7314358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in point-of-care technologies have transformed care for patients with heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders by providing rapid, cost-effective, and accessible solutions to challenges in the detection and management of many health conditions. However, major barriers exist throughout the technology development process that inhibit the actualization of many promising and potentially successful ideas. The Center for Advancing Point of Care Technologies has established a system for supporting further innovation in this field and bridging the gap between initial idea conception and implementation. We highlight current and emerging point-of-care technologies throughout the development spectrum and emphasize the need for a needs-driven model of health technology development that involve appropriate stakeholders in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Ding
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Emily Ensom
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hafer
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Buchholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Picard
- Massachusetts Medical Device Development Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester/Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Denise Dunlap
- The Manning School of Business, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Rogers
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Carl Lawton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, M A, USA
| | - Ainat Koren
- Susan and Alan Solomont School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Craig Lilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Timothy P Fitzgibbons
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David D McManus
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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van Dijk SJ, Domenighetti AA, Gomez-Ospina N, Hunter P, Lindemans CA, Melotte V, van Rossum AMC, Rosenblum ND. Building a Professional Identity and an Academic Career Track in Translational Medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:151. [PMID: 31334235 PMCID: PMC6618343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical scientists aim to contribute to further understanding of disease pathogenesis and to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools that relieve disease burden. Yet the majority of biomedical scientists do not develop their academic career or professional identity as “translational scientists,” and are not actively involved in the continuum from scientific concept to development of new strategies that change medical practice. The collaborative nature of translational medicine and the lengthy process of bringing innovative findings from bench to bedside conflict with established pathways of building a career in academia. This collaborative approach also poses a problem for evaluating individual contributions and progress. The traditional evaluation of scientific success measured by the impact and number of publications and grants scientists achieve is inadequate when the product is a team effort that may take decades to complete. Further, where scientists are trained to be independent thinkers and to establish unique scientific niches, translational medicine depends on combining individual insights and strengths for the greater good. Training programs that are specifically geared to prepare scientists for a career in translational medicine are not widespread. In addition, the legal, regulatory, scientific and clinical infrastructure and support required for translational research is often underdeveloped in academic institutions and funding organizations, further discouraging the development and success of translational scientists in the academic setting. In this perspective we discuss challenges and potential solutions that could allow for physicians, physician scientists and basic scientists to develop a professional identity and a fruitful career in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine J van Dijk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrea A Domenighetti
- The Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Patricia Hunter
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Lindemans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital (WKZ), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Departments of Paediatrics, Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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From bedside to benchmarks: A physician-scientist workforce dashboard for biomedical research institutions. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 2:305-311. [PMID: 30828472 PMCID: PMC6390465 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2018.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is growing concern about the declining physician-scientist workforce. NIH recently provided a national dashboard describing the biomedical research workforce, but local strategies are needed. Methods We used curated local and national data to develop a workforce dashboard. Results Many trends at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) were similar to those nationally, such as the increasing percentage of Research Project Grant (RPG)-holding PhDs and the aging RPG population, but differences were also apparent. At OHSU, nearly ¾ of physician-scientist RPGs hold MD-only, compared with nationally, where nearly half are MD/PhD. OHSU also lags in the percentage of RPGs held by women physician-scientists. Conclusions Our analysis also permitted us to gain a more complete picture of research funding that has been done nationally. We used these data to develop a dashboard that allows our institution to develop policies to increase the numbers of physician-scientists. The data generation approaches and dashboard are likely to be useful at other institutions, as well.
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Lacombe D, Bogaerts J, Tombal B, Maignen F, Osipienko L, Sullivan R, Golfinopoulos V. Late translational research: putting forward a new model for developing new anti-cancer treatments that addresses the needs of patients and society. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:558-566. [PMID: 30561901 PMCID: PMC6396352 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bringing therapeutic innovation and the latest science to routine patient care, while safeguarding principles of affordability and equality, is a challenging mission in the current complex multi-stakeholder environment. Precision oncology and new approaches to clinical trials (methods and clinical setting) have dramatically changed clinical research and the clinical development of new treatments. Improved understanding of molecular biology and immunology paves the way for innovative pharmacological approaches. However, we argue that the evidence generated during the clinical development of these new products for the purpose of obtaining marketing authorisations often does not address fundamental questions concerning the impact of these new interventions on the most relevant clinical outcomes: namely, quality of life and patient survival. Similarly, patient populations (for example defined by biomarkers), treatment duration, and sequence and combination of treatments within current treatment pathways are often poorly defined by clinical developments for regulatory purposes. Finally, the lack of integrated translational research within the pathway of development is a major limiting factor to delivering cost-effective and affordable, evidence-based care to clinical practice. This leaves many gaps in the knowledge on the efficacy and therapeutic use of medicines, which can impose a significant financial burden on healthcare systems, possibly to the detriment of more cost-effective interventions. We argue that policy changes are required to integrate clinical research and healthcare to inform clinical practice. New routes toward optimising the integration of drug development and care are being proposed to achieve this ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bertrand Tombal
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc Université Catholique de Louvain BrusselsBelgium
| | - François Maignen
- NICE Scientific AdviceNational Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK
| | - Leeza Osipienko
- NICE Scientific AdviceNational Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, Conflict and Health Research GroupKing's College London & Kings Health Partners Comprehensive Cancer CentreLondon, UK
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Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Teaching basic science in the medical school remains a challenge, and the lack of appropriate resources is one of important limitation. Building up such resources is difficult, time-costly and does not always result in effective, solid and student-centered instruction. This "personal view" aims to stimulate scientists and scientific journals to engage with new ideas and innovative resources for biomedical education. The time has now come to plan research and education as mutually beneficial activities, supporting each other rather than competing with each other. Scientific research should be converted into digital learning resources hosted by scientific journals on a regular basis, and subjected to peer-review to ensure quality and integration of contents, appropriate cognitive approach and rigorous criteria of selection. Turning science into teaching represents an investment with mutual benefits, for students and educators. Academic educators can produce resources to face the teaching burden, and gather the opportunity to increase personal productivity. Students can take advantage from being engaged in innovative learning environments where educators act as catalysts for learning, instead of just transmitters of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - University of Padua - Viale G. Colombo
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Weggemans MM, van der Schaaf M, Kluijtmans M, Hafler JP, Rosenblum ND, Prakken BJ. Preventing Translational Scientists From Extinction: The Long-Term Impact of a Personalized Training Program in Translational Medicine on the Careers of Translational Scientists. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:298. [PMID: 30474027 PMCID: PMC6237913 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Far too much biomedical research is wasted and ends in the so called "Valley of Death": the gap that exists between biomedical research and its clinical application. While the translational process requires collaboration between many disciplines, current translational medicine focuses on single disciplines. Therefore, educational pathways that integrate clinical and research skills in interdisciplinary and interprofessional contexts are needed. The Eureka institute (http://www.eurekainstitute.org/) was founded to address these issues. The institute organizes an annual 1-week international certificate course to educate professionals in the domains of translational medicine. Study design: This study set out to investigate the impact of the Eureka certificate course on the alumni, focusing on their ability to engage in translational activities and thus become more proficient translational professionals. An explanatory, mixed-methods study was executed. Data collection: A questionnaire was distributed to collect quantitative data on the number of alumni who were able to apply what they learned during the Eureka course and engage in translational activities. Questionnaire data were also used to inform the semi-structured interviews that were conducted subsequently. Results: Fifty-one percent of the alumni reported that participating in the Eureka course played a role in their decision to change to a different job or in the way they were accomplishing their everyday work. Ten conditions for change that either hampered or supported the Eureka alumni's engagement in translational research activities were identified. Further, the learning outcomes of the Eureka course that impacted the alumni's professional activities were explored using Personal Professional Theory (PPT). The insight that alumni gained in the full translational spectrum and stakeholders involved stimulated reflection on their own role within that pathway. Further, according to the alumni, the course provided them with the skills and confidence to pursue a career as translational professional. These learning outcomes, in combination with conditions that supported alumni's engagement in translational activities, such as supportive professional partners, opportunities to network or collaborate, and a translational work environment, contributed to the large number of alumni that were able to engage in translational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot M. Weggemans
- Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Schaaf
- Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon Kluijtmans
- Center for Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Academic Teaching, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janet P. Hafler
- Teaching and Learning Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Eureka Institute for Translational Medicine, Siracusa, Italy
| | - Norman D. Rosenblum
- Eureka Institute for Translational Medicine, Siracusa, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Berent J. Prakken
- Center for Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Preliminary Results and Publication Impact of a Dedicated Addiction Clinician Scientist Research Fellowship. J Addict Med 2018; 11:80-81. [PMID: 28157832 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
India has done well in eye care delivery by recognizing visual impairment and blindness as a major medical challenge. Major contributions have come from ophthalmologists (mass cataract surgery in the early 1900s; major participation of non-government organizations), policy makers (National Program for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment 1976; systematic development under the World Bank assisted India Cataract Project, 1995–2002), and the industry (manufacturing of affordable surgical instruments and medicines). Although the country could boast of higher cataract surgical coverage and near-total elimination of trachoma, there is increasing prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and undetected glaucoma. India is in the crossroad of adherence to old successful models of service delivery and adoption of new innovative methods of teaching and training, manpower development and skill-based training, relevant medical research and product development. In the absence of these new approaches, the initial gains in eye care could not be furthered in India. A new approach, that will combine the best of the “old” tradition of empathy and the “new” technology of analytics, is required to imagine the future of eye care in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraprasad Das
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana; Indian Oil Center for Rural Eye Health, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lapam Panda
- Indian Oil Center for Rural Eye Health, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Alvira CM, Steinhorn RH, Balistreri WF, Fineman JR, Oishi PE, Padbury JF, Kinsella JP, Abman SH. Enhancing the Development and Retention of Physician-Scientists in Academic Pediatrics: Strategies for Success. J Pediatr 2018; 200:277-284. [PMID: 30055815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Alvira
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Robin H Steinhorn
- Hospital Based Specialties, Section of Neonatology, National Children's Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - William F Balistreri
- The Journal of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter E Oishi
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James F Padbury
- Division of Neonatology, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - John P Kinsella
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Steven H Abman
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Building Diverse Careers in Clinical and Translational Research: Evaluation of a Certificate Program in Translational Research. J Clin Transl Sci 2018; 2:38-47. [PMID: 30881696 PMCID: PMC6419973 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2018.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Certificate Program in Translational Research (CPTR) at the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance provides Ph.D. students, postdoctoral fellows and faculty with didactic, mentored, and experiential training in clinical and translational research. Methods Quantitative evaluation includes tracking trainee competency, publications, grants and careers in clinical and translational research. Qualitative evaluation includes interviews with trainees about program experiences. Results The CPTR provided knowledge and skills in clinical and translational research through coursework, clinical rotations, and collaboration with interdisciplinary scientists. Trainees reported increased confidence in 22 program competencies. Trainees have published more than 290 peer-reviewed articles and received over $4 million in grants from the NIH, over $15 million from the U.S. Department of Defense, and more than $300,000 from foundations. Trainees who completed the program remained in clinical and translational research. Conclusions Programs like the CPTR are needed to train investigators to advance biomedical discoveries into population health.
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Yezierski RP, Hansson P. Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain From Bench to Bedside: What Went Wrong? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:571-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yoon S, Koh WP, Ong MEH, Thumboo J. Factors influencing career progress for early stage clinician-scientists in emerging Asian academic medical centres: a qualitative study in Singapore. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020398. [PMID: 29502093 PMCID: PMC5855163 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the factors that influence career progress for early stage clinician-scientists and to identify ways to mitigate these factors in the context of emerging Asian academic medical centres (AMCs). DESIGN Qualitative interviews and thematic data analysis based on grounded theory. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Five focus group interviews comprising 29 early career clinician-scientists who have received their first national-level career development award in Singapore. RESULTS Clinical priorities represented an overarching concern with many reporting the difficulty in delineating responsibilities between clinical care and research. Additionally, there was a prevailing perception of the lack of support for research at the institutional level. Participants tended to identify mentors through their own efforts in a relatively haphazard manner, often owing to the dearth of role models and perceived inadequacy of reward systems for mentoring. Support from mentors was thought to be limited in terms of targeted scientific guidance and long-term commitments to the relationship. Most of the participants expressed concerns about how they could secure the next level of funding with diminishing confidence. Notably, the work-life balance was neither conceptualised as a 'barrier' to successful pursuit of research career nor was it translated into the reason for leaving the dual clinical-research career pathway. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed specific limitations presented by the research environment in newly emerging Asian AMCs. To retain a vibrant clinician-scientist workforce, additional measures are needed, aiming to improve institutional culture of research, build mentoring networks, adopt effective tools for tracking career progress and provide a clear and viable career progression path for clinician-scientist. Further research might explore the cross-cultural differences in managing work-life balance in academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Yoon
- Center for Clinician-Scientist Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Center for Clinician-Scientist Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E H Ong
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Strong MJ, Busing N, Goosney DL, Harris KA, Horsley T, Kuzyk A, Lingard L, Norman WV, Rosenblum ND, Saryeddine T, Wang X. The Rising Challenge of Training Physician-Scientists: Recommendations From a Canadian National Consensus Conference. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2018; 93:172-178. [PMID: 28817429 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Physician-scientists are individuals who actively participate in patient care, have undergone additional research training, and devote the majority of their time to research. Physician-scientists are traditionally the primary catalysts in bridging the translational gap-that is, the failure to link fundamental new knowledge in the pathobiology of disease with advances in health care and health policy in a timely manner. However, there has been a shift away from training physician-scientists, and financial support for the physician-scientist is diminishing globally, causing the translational gap to grow. Given its socialized health care system and cultural and geographic diversity, Canada can serve as a unique case study in understanding how to address this phenomenon as a national priority. To this end, a Canadian national consensus conference was convened to develop recommendations for training programs and early-career supports for physician-scientists. Five recommendations were generated: (1) Establish an independent, national council whose mandate is to provide pan-Canadian oversight of physician-scientist training programs; (2) develop capacity for funding and mentorship support for physician-scientists; (3) develop coherent networks across a broad range of clinician-scientists, including physician-scientists, to reflect the unique cultural and geographic diversity of Canada and to reflect the interdisciplinarity of health research; (4) ensure that medical school curricula integrate, as a core curriculum feature, an understanding of the scientific basis of health care, including research methodologies; and (5) ensure that the funding of the physician-scientist trainee is viewed as portable and distinct from the operational funding provided to the training program itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strong
- M.J. Strong is professor of clinical neurological sciences and dean, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. N. Busing is project lead, Future of Medical Education in Canada Postgraduate Project, and family physician, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D.L. Goosney is executive director, Tri-agency Institutional Programs Secretariat, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. K.A. Harris is executive director, Office of Specialty Education, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. T. Horsley is associate director, Research Unit, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. A. Kuzyk was the 2015-2016 president, Clinical Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC), and is an MD/PhD candidate, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. L. Lingard is professor and director, Center for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. W.V. Norman is associate professor and director, Clinician Scholar Program, Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. N.D. Rosenblum is professor and Canada Research Chair in Developmental Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, and associate dean, Physician Scientist Training, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. T. Saryeddine is executive director of research and innovation, HealthCareCAN, and adjunct professor, Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. X. Wang is an MD/PhD candidate, University of Toronto, and was the 2014-2015 president, CITAC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Preclinical Efficacy Failure of Human CNS-Derived Stem Cells for Use in the Pathway Study of Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:249-263. [PMID: 28199829 PMCID: PMC5312249 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed the efficacy of multiple research cell lines (RCLs) of human CNS neural stem cells (HuCNS-SCs) in mouse and rat models of thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), supporting a thoracic SCI clinical trial. Experts recommend in vivo preclinical testing of the intended clinical cell lot/line (CCL) in models with validity for the planned clinical target. We therefore tested the efficacy of two HuCNS-SC lines in cervical SCI: one RCL, and one CCL intended for use in the Pathway Study of cervical SCI in man. We assessed locomotor recovery and sensory function, as well as engraftment, migration, and fate. No evidence of efficacy of the CCL was observed; some data suggested a negative impact of the CCL on outcomes. These data raise questions about the development and validation of potency/comparability assays for clinical testing of cell products, and lack of US Food and Drug Administration requirements for in vivo testing of intended clinical cell lines. Human CNS stem cells (HuCNS-SCs) have been used in multiple clinical trials Research cell lines of HuCNS-SCs are efficacious in spinal cord injury (SCI) models The clinical cell line (CCL) of HuCNS-SC was not efficacious in a cervical SCI model Despite lack of in vivo efficacy, the CCL was used in the Pathways clinical study
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