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Su C, Gong JS, Wu ZX, Liu YL, Li H, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Development of a Growth-Dependent System to Regulate Cell Growth and Keratinase Production in B. subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2421-2429. [PMID: 36629862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Keratinases specifically degrade insoluble keratin waste, thus contributing to environmental protection and sustainable biomass development. However, their industrial application is hindered by inefficient enzyme production and poor biomass generation. In this study, the heterologous expression of keratinase was found to have cytotoxicity and might block host cell growth due to its proteolytic property. To address this problem, an autoregulatory expression system based on quorum sensing was developed to synergistically regulate cell growth and keratinase production in Bacillus subtilis. The growth-dependent promoter PaprE was chosen and shown to be effective in delaying keratinase production while promoting host cell proliferation. Copy number screening and core region mutations further balanced the two states. Carbon supplement optimization indicated that addition of 2% glucose facilitated biomass accumulation during the early stage of fermentation. Cell density increased to 15.6 (OD600 nm) from 8 with keratinase activity raised to 4200 U·mL-1 from 1162 U·mL-1. Keratinase was then utilized in the bioconversion of feather waste to prepare soluble keratins, polypeptides, and amino acids. This study provides a powerful system for efficient production of keratinase and paves the way for keratin waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ze-Xi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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2
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Impact of High Glucose on Ocular Surface Glycocalyx Components: Implications for Diabetes-Associated Ocular Surface Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214289. [PMID: 36430770 PMCID: PMC9696111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes several detrimental effects on the ocular surface, including compromised barrier function and an increased risk of infections. The glycocalyx plays a vital role in barrier function. The present study was designed to test the effect of a high glucose level on components of glycocalyx. Stratified human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were exposed to a high glucose concentration for 24 and 72 h. Changes in Mucin (MUC) 1, 4, 16 expression were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA. Rose bengal and jacalin staining were used to assess the spatial distribution of MUC16 and O-glycosylation. Changes in the gene expression of five glycosyltransferases and forty-two proteins involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle were also quantified using PCR and a gene array. High glucose exposure did not affect the level or spatial distribution of membrane-tethered MUC 1, 4, and 16 either in the corneal or conjunctival epithelial cells. No change in gene expression in glycosyltransferases was observed, but a decrease in the gene expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle was observed. A high-glucose-mediated decrease in gene expression of proteins involved in cellular proliferation of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells may be one of the mechanisms underlying a diabetes-associated decrease in ocular surface's glycocalyx.
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Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040639. [PMID: 35203289 PMCID: PMC8870115 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose provides vital energy for cells and contributes to gene expression. The hypothalamus is key for metabolic homeostasis, but effects of glucose on hypothalamic gene expression have not yet been investigated in detail. Thus, herein, we monitored the glucose-dependent transcriptome in murine hypothalamic mHypoA-2/10 cells by total RNA-seq analysis. A total of 831 genes were up- and 1390 genes were downregulated by at least 50%. Key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, and total cellular cholesterol levels were significantly increased by glucose. Analysis of single genes involved in fundamental cellular signaling processes also suggested a significant impact of glucose. Thus, we chose ≈100 genes involved in signaling and validated the effects of glucose on mRNA levels by qRT-PCR. We identified Gnai1–3, Adyc6, Irs1, Igfr1, Hras, and Elk3 as new glucose-dependent genes. In line with this, cAMP measurements revealed enhanced noradrenalin-induced cAMP levels, and reporter gene assays elevated activity of the insulin-like growth factor at higher glucose levels. Key data of our studies were confirmed in a second hypothalamic cell line. Thus, our findings link extra cellular glucose levels with hypothalamic lipid synthesis and pivotal intracellular signaling processes, which might be of particular interest in situations of continuously increased glucose levels.
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Yan H, Fan W, Chen X, Liu L, Wang H, Jiang X. Terahertz signatures and quantitative analysis of glucose anhydrate and monohydrate mixture. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119825. [PMID: 33901947 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucose, as the main energy carrier and significant source of nutrition, generally comes in two available forms of anhydrate and monohydrate in commercial production. Considering their respective application occasions, proper identification of glucose in single composition or binary-mixture and quantification of the mixture are crucial in industry monitoring to guarantee merchandise quality. Simultaneously, public confusions of glucose are rather ubiquitous partly due to anhydrate and monohydrate with identical white crystalline appearance. In this paper, utilizing the molecular fingerprints of terahertz (THz) technology that are corresponding to structural characteristics of anhydrous and hydrated form, THz signatures of glucose anhydrate, monohydrate and their mixture, as well as THz spectral transformation from monohydrate to anhydrate with the dehydrating process are systematically studied. Some visible peaks of monohydrate were noted at 1.82 and 1.99 THz signifying the presence of hydrated structure. However, with the dehydrating process, the peaks related to the hydrated structure are not very apparent when the peaks at 1.44 and 2.08 THz appear due to changes in the molecular structure of anhydrate, which provide clear indication for hydrogen-bond network reconstruction at the micro level. Furthermore, characteristic peaks at 1.44 and 1.82 THz can be specified as the main quantitative indicators for quantitative detection. The linear relationships between the amplitudes of characteristic peaks and the percentage compositions of anhydrate and monohydrate are revealed. Three commercially available brands of edible glucose powder A, B, C were effectively identified by THz signatures. While powder C was recognized as binary-mixture and the proportion of anhydrate and monohydrate was further quantified. THz spectroscopy technology has advantages of direct recognition, simple quantitative model based on THz absorption peaks, and no need for complicated chemical treatment. It may be potentially shed light on industrial monitoring of glucose production and other related mixture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Materials and Devices; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lutao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Mondal DK, Pal DS, Abbasi M, Datta R. Functional partnership between carbonic anhydrase and malic enzyme in promoting gluconeogenesis in
Leishmania major. FEBS J 2021; 288:4129-4152. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipon Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur India
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur India
| | - Mazharul Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur India
| | - Rupak Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur India
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Abstract
Blood is generated throughout life by continued proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, while at the top of the hierarchy, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely quiescent. This way HSCs avoid senescence and preserve their capacity to repopulate the hematopoietic system. But HSCs are not always quiescent, proliferating extensively in conditions such as those found in the fetal liver. Understanding the elusive mechanisms that regulate HSC fate would enable us to comprehend a crucial piece of HSC biology and pave the way for ex-vivo HSC expansion with clear clinical benefit. Here we review how metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress condition impact HSCs decision to self-renew or differentiate and how these signals integrate into the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We argue that the bone marrow microenvironment continuously favors differentiation through the activation of the mTOR complex (mTORC)1 signaling, while the fetal liver microenvironment favors self-renewal through the inverse mechanism. In addition, we also postulate that strategies that have successfully achieved HSC expansion, directly or indirectly, lead to the inactivation of mTORC1. Finally, we propose a mechanism by which mTOR signaling, during cell division, conditions HSC fate. This mechanism has already been demonstrated in mature hematopoietic cells (T-cells), that face a similar decision after activation, either undergoing clonal expansion or differentiation.
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7
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Arnol D, Schapiro D, Bodenmiller B, Saez-Rodriguez J, Stegle O. Modeling Cell-Cell Interactions from Spatial Molecular Data with Spatial Variance Component Analysis. Cell Rep 2020; 29:202-211.e6. [PMID: 31577949 PMCID: PMC6899515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances enable assaying multiplexed spatially resolved RNA and protein expression profiling of individual cells, thereby capturing molecular variations in physiological contexts. While these methods are increasingly accessible, computational approaches for studying the interplay of the spatial structure of tissues and cell-cell heterogeneity are only beginning to emerge. Here, we present spatial variance component analysis (SVCA), a computational framework for the analysis of spatial molecular data. SVCA enables quantifying different dimensions of spatial variation and in particular quantifies the effect of cell-cell interactions on gene expression. In a breast cancer Imaging Mass Cytometry dataset, our model yields interpretable spatial variance signatures, which reveal cell-cell interactions as a major driver of protein expression heterogeneity. Applied to high-dimensional imaging-derived RNA data, SVCA identifies plausible gene families that are linked to cell-cell interactions. SVCA is available as a free software tool that can be widely applied to spatial data from different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Arnol
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Denis Schapiro
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Pauwelsstrasse 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Bioquant, 69120 Heidelberg.
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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De Lira MN, Raman SJ, Schulze A, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM 2) Controls T Cell Metabolic Homeostasis and Reprogramming During Activation. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:217. [PMID: 33088808 PMCID: PMC7498697 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSM2) is a member of a superfamily of enzymes responsible for conversion of sphingomyelin into phosphocholine and ceramide at the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Upon specific ablation of NSM2, T cells proved to be hyper-responsive to CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, indicating that the enzyme acts to dampen early overshooting activation of these cells. It remained unclear whether hyper-reactivity of NSM2-deficient T cells is supported by a deregulated metabolic activity in these cells. Here, we demonstrate that ablation of NSM2 activity affects metabolism of the quiescent CD4+ T cells which accumulate ATP in mitochondria and increase basal glycolytic activity. This supports enhanced production of total ATP and metabolic switch early after TCR/CD28 stimulation. Most interestingly, increased metabolic activity in resting NSM2-deficient T cells does not support sustained response upon stimulation. While elevated under steady-state conditions in NSM2-deficient CD4+ T cells, the mTORC1 pathway regulating mitochondria size, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production is impaired after 24 h of stimulation. Taken together, the absence of NSM2 promotes a hyperactive metabolic state in unstimulated CD4+ T cells yet fails to support sustained T cell responses upon antigenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Gerlini R, Berti L, Darr J, Lassi M, Brandmaier S, Fritsche L, Scheid F, Böhm A, Königsrainer A, Grallert H, Häring HU, Hrabě de Angelis M, Staiger H, Teperino R. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity define adipocyte transcriptional programs in human obesity. Mol Metab 2018; 18:42-50. [PMID: 30309776 PMCID: PMC6308911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although debated, metabolic health characterizes 10-25% of obese individuals and reduces risk of developing life-threatening co-morbidities. Adipose tissue is a recognized endocrine organ important for the maintenance of whole-body metabolic health. Adipocyte transcriptional signatures of healthy and unhealthy obesity are largely unknown. METHODS Here, we used a small cohort of highly characterized obese individuals discordant for metabolic health, characterized their adipocytes transcriptional signatures, and cross-referenced them to mouse phenotypic and human GWAs databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that glucose intolerance and insulin resistance co-operate to remodel adipocyte transcriptome. We also identified the Nuclear Export Mediator Factor (NEMF) and the Ectoderm-Neural Cortex 1 (ENC1) as novel potential targets in the management of metabolic health in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gerlini
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research center for Environmental Health - Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Berti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Darr
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research center for Environmental Health - Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Lassi
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research center for Environmental Health - Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Brandmaier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology 2, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Scheid
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research center for Environmental Health - Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Böhm
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology 2, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H U Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research center for Environmental Health - Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Experimental Genetics, Faculty of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - H Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - R Teperino
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research center for Environmental Health - Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) - Neuherberg, Germany.
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10
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Ottosson-Laakso E, Krus U, Storm P, Prasad RB, Oskolkov N, Ahlqvist E, Fadista J, Hansson O, Groop L, Vikman P. Glucose-Induced Changes in Gene Expression in Human Pancreatic Islets: Causes or Consequences of Chronic Hyperglycemia. Diabetes 2017; 66:3013-3028. [PMID: 28882899 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of gene expression in islets from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) might be causally involved in the development of hyperglycemia, or it could develop as a consequence of hyperglycemia (i.e., glucotoxicity). To separate the genes that could be causally involved in pathogenesis from those likely to be secondary to hyperglycemia, we exposed islets from human donors to normal or high glucose concentrations for 24 h and analyzed gene expression. We compared these findings with gene expression in islets from donors with normal glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia (including T2D). The genes whose expression changed in the same direction after short-term glucose exposure, as in T2D, were considered most likely to be a consequence of hyperglycemia. Genes whose expression changed in hyperglycemia but not after short-term glucose exposure, particularly those that also correlated with insulin secretion, were considered the strongest candidates for causal involvement in T2D. For example, ERO1LB, DOCK10, IGSF11, and PRR14L were downregulated in donors with hyperglycemia and correlated positively with insulin secretion, suggesting a protective role, whereas TMEM132C was upregulated in hyperglycemia and correlated negatively with insulin secretion, suggesting a potential pathogenic role. This study provides a catalog of gene expression changes in human pancreatic islets after exposure to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ottosson-Laakso
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petter Vikman
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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11
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Rescigno T, Capasso A, Tecce MF. Involvement of nutrients and nutritional mediators in mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3306-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
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12
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Induction of dormancy in hypoxic human papillomavirus-positive cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E990-E998. [PMID: 28115701 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615758114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are closely linked to major human malignancies, including cervical and head and neck cancers. It is widely assumed that HPV-positive cancer cells are under selection pressure to continuously express the viral E6/E7 oncogenes, that their intracellular p53 levels are reconstituted on E6/E7 repression, and that E6/E7 inhibition phenotypically results in cellular senescence. Here we show that hypoxic conditions, as are often found in subregions of cervical and head and neck cancers, enable HPV-positive cancer cells to escape from these regulatory principles: E6/E7 is efficiently repressed, yet, p53 levels do not increase. Moreover, E6/E7 repression under hypoxia does not result in cellular senescence, owing to hypoxia-associated impaired mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling via the inhibitory REDD1/TSC2 axis. Instead, a reversible growth arrest is induced that can be overcome by reoxygenation. Impairment of mTOR signaling also interfered with the senescence response of hypoxic HPV-positive cancer cells toward prosenescent chemotherapy in vitro. Collectively, these findings indicate that hypoxic HPV-positive cancer cells can induce a reversible state of dormancy, with decreased viral antigen synthesis and increased therapeutic resistance, and may serve as reservoirs for tumor recurrence on reoxygenation.
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13
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Osorio JS, Lohakare J, Bionaz M. Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:231-56. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00016.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-quality milk is increasing worldwide. The efficiency of milk synthesis can be improved by taking advantage of the accumulated knowledge of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in the synthesis of fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland. Research in this area is relatively new, but data accumulated in the last 10 years provide a relatively clear picture. Milk fat synthesis appears to be regulated, at least in bovines, by an interactive network between SREBP1, PPARγ, and LXRα, with a potential role for other transcription factors, such as Spot14, ChREBP, and Sp1. Milk protein synthesis is highly regulated by insulin, amino acids, and amino acid transporters via transcriptional and posttranscriptional routes, with the insulin-mTOR pathway playing a central role. The transcriptional regulation of lactose synthesis is still poorly understood, but it is clear that glucose transporters play an important role. They can also cooperatively interact with amino acid transporters and the mTOR pathway. Recent data indicate the possibility of nutrigenomic interventions to increase milk fat synthesis by feeding long-chain fatty acids and milk protein synthesis by feeding amino acids. We propose a transcriptional network model to account for all available findings. This model encompasses a complex network of proteins that control milk synthesis with a cross talk between milk fat, protein, and lactose regulation, with mTOR functioning as a central hub.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and
- Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Poungvarin N, Chang B, Imamura M, Chen J, Moolsuwan K, Sae-Lee C, Li W, Chan L. Genome-Wide Analysis of ChREBP Binding Sites on Male Mouse Liver and White Adipose Chromatin. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1982-94. [PMID: 25751637 PMCID: PMC4430618 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is an essential nutrient that directly regulates the expression of numerous genes in liver and adipose tissue. The carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) links glucose as a signaling molecule to multiple glucose-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathways, particularly genes involved in glycolytic and lipogenic processes. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing to identify specific ChREBP binding targets in liver and white adipose tissue. We found a large number of ChREBP binding sites, which are attributable to 5825 genes in the liver, 2418 genes in white adipose tissue, and 5919 genes in both tissues. The majority of these target genes were involved in known metabolic processes. Pathways in insulin signaling, the adherens junction, and cancers were among the top 5 pathways in both tissues. Motif analysis revealed a consensus sequence CAYGYGnnnnnCRCRTG that was commonly shared by ChREBP binding sites. Putative ChREBP binding sequences were enriched on promoters of genes involved in insulin signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naravat Poungvarin
- Department of Medicine (N.P., B.C., M.I., L.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory (N.P., K.M., C.S.-L.), Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases (M.I.) RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan 230-0045; Division of Biostatistics (J.C., W.L.), Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Molecular Medicine Program (K.M.), Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Balakrishnan S, Sadasivam M, Kannan A, Panneerselvam A, Prahalathan C. Glucose modulates Pax6 expression through the JNK/p38 MAP kinase pathway in pancreatic beta-cells. Life Sci 2014; 109:1-7. [PMID: 24953606 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The paired and homeodomain-containing transcription factor, paired box 6 (Pax6), has shown to play pivotal roles in beta-cell function, including cell survival, insulin biosynthesis and secretion. The present study investigates the signaling events that regulate the modulation of Pax6 expression by glucose and the role of this modulation in cell survival in rat insulinoma-1E (INS-1E) cells. MAIN METHODS INS-1E cells were incubated on 1mM (low) or 25 mM (high) glucose overnight. To elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate Pax6 expression, we utilized specific inhibitors. The siRNA transfection of Pax6 into INS-1E cells was performed by electroporation. The mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. KEY FINDINGS We found that the mRNA and protein levels of Pax6 were reduced by approximately 4-fold in high, compared to low, glucose-treated cells. Staurosporine, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 significantly increased Pax6 levels in high glucose-treated INS-1E cells compared to their respective controls. However, neither calcium ionophore nor the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 resulted in any alteration in Pax6 protein expression. Further, a siRNA-mediated knockdown of Pax6 significantly decreased the expression of tumor-suppressor phosphatase with tensin homology (PTEN) while increasing cell viability in low glucose-treated INS-1E cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study addresses the signaling events that regulate the glucose-dependent expression of Pax6 and the role of these events in cell survival in pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohanraj Sadasivam
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Arun Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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16
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Role of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11901-014-0229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Bravard A, Veilleux A, Disse E, Laville M, Vidal H, Tchernof A, Rieusset J. The expression of FTO in human adipose tissue is influenced by fat depot, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1165-73. [PMID: 23913730 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene is related to obesity, but the regulation of FTO expression in adipose tissue is not fully understood. We investigated FTO expression in paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues (SAT and OAT) from healthy women undergoing gynecological surgeries, and its relation with adiposity and insulin sensitivity. DESIGN AND METHODS FTO expression in SAT of type 2 diabetic patients treated or not with Rosiglitazone was also compared. RESULTS Both the mRNA and protein levels of FTO were higher in OAT from women than in SAT. Only OAT FTO protein levels negatively correlated with BMI and body fat mass, whereas SAT FTO mRNA levels were negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat deposition. In addition, SAT FTO mRNA and protein levels were increased in insulin resistant women (high HOMA) compared to insulin sensitive women (low HOMA), whereas OAT FTO expression was not different between these two subgroups. Interestingly, FTO mRNA levels were increased in SAT of type 2 diabetic patients, and treatment of diabetics with Rosiglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and reduced SAT FTO mRNA levels. Lastly, FTO expression was transiently increased in the early phase of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, which coincides with the induction of PPARγ2 expression. However, partial reduction of FTO did not impact PPARγ2 expression and adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION Therefore, FTO gene expression is higher in OAT than in SAT in lean to moderately obese women. OAT FTO expression is associated with adiposity, whereas SAT FTO expression is associated with insulin sensitivity. These associations are independent of an effect of FTO on adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bravard
- INSERM UMR-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon 1 University, Charles Merieux Lyon-Sud Medical School, Lyon, F-69003, France
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18
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Identification of a pathway by which glucose regulates β-catenin signalling via the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in β-cell models. Biochem J 2013. [PMID: 23198873 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are highly responsive to changes in glucose, but the mechanisms involved are only partially understood. There is increasing evidence that the β-catenin signalling pathway plays an important role in regulating β-cell function, but the mechanisms regulating β-catenin signalling in these cells is not well understood. In the present study we show that β-catenin levels and downstream signalling are regulated by changes in glucose levels in INS-1E and β-TC6-F7 β-cell models. We found a glucose-dependent increase in levels of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus of INS-1E cells. Expression of cyclin D1 also increased with glucose and required the presence of β-catenin. This was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of β-catenin on Ser552, which is known to stabilize the molecule and increase its transcriptional activity. In a search for possible signalling intermediates we found forskolin and cell-permeable cAMP analogues recapitulated the glucose effects, suggesting a role for cAMP and PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase/protein kinase A) downstream of glucose. Furthermore, glucose caused sustained increases in cAMP. Two different inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and PKA signalling blocked the effects of glucose, whereas siRNA (small interfering RNA) knockdown of PKA blocked the effects of glucose on β-catenin signalling. Finally, reducing β-catenin levels with either siRNA or pyrvinium impaired glucose- and KCl-stimulated insulin secretion. Taken together the results of the present study define a pathway by which changes in glucose levels can regulate β-catenin using a mechanism which involves cAMP production and the activation of PKA. This identifies a pathway that may be important in glucose-dependent regulation of gene expression and insulin secretion in β-cells.
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Glucose 6P binds and activates HlyIIR to repress Bacillus cereus haemolysin hlyII gene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55085. [PMID: 23405113 PMCID: PMC3566180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium causing food poisoning and serious opportunistic infections. These infections are characterized by bacterial accumulation despite the recruitment of phagocytic cells. We have previously shown that B. cereus Haemolysin II (HlyII) induces macrophage cell death by apoptosis. In this work, we investigated the regulation of the hlyII gene. We show that HlyIIR, the negative regulator of hlyII expression in B. cereus, is especially active during the early bacterial growth phase. We demonstrate that glucose 6P directly binds to HlyIIR and enhances its activity at a post-transcriptional level. Glucose 6P activates HlyIIR, increasing its capacity to bind to its DNA-box located upstream of the hlyII gene, inhibiting its expression. Thus, hlyII expression is modulated by the availability of glucose. As HlyII induces haemocyte and macrophage death, two cell types that play a role in the sequestration of nutrients upon infection, HlyII may induce host cell death to allow the bacteria to gain access to carbon sources that are essential components for bacterial growth.
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20
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Ceriello A. The emerging challenge in diabetes: the "metabolic memory". Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:133-8. [PMID: 22609133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Large randomized studies have established that early intensive glycemic control reduces the risk of diabetic complications, both micro and macrovascular. However, epidemiological and prospective data support a long-term influence of early metabolic control on clinical outcomes. This phenomenon has recently been defined as "metabolic memory." Potential mechanisms for propagating this "memory" may be the production of reactive species unrelated to the presence of hyperglycemia, depending on the previous production of AGEs which can maintain RAGE over-expression, on the level of glycation of mitochondrial proteins and on the amount of mtDNA produced, all conditions able to induce an altered gene expression which may be persistent even when glycemia is normalized. Clinically, the emergence of this "metabolic memory" suggests the need for a very early aggressive treatment aiming to "normalize" the metabolic control and the addition of agents which reduce cellular reactive species and glycation in addition to normalizing glucose levels in diabetic patients in order to minimize long-term diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ceriello
- Insititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Ware JA, Finkelstein D, Chaudhry AS, Lemay S, Leon-Ponte M, Strom SC, Zaher H, Schwarz UI, Freeman DJ, Schuetz EG, Tirona RG, Kim RB. Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide transporter and thyroid hormone receptor interplay determines cholesterol and glucose homeostasis. Hepatology 2011; 54:644-54. [PMID: 21538436 PMCID: PMC3164486 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), particularly the members of OATP1B subfamily, in hepatocellular handling of endogenous and exogenous compounds is an important and emerging area of research. Using a mouse model lacking Slco1b2, the murine ortholog of the OATP1B subfamily, we have demonstrated previously that genetic ablation causes reduced hepatic clearance capacity for substrates. In this study, we focused on the physiological function of the hepatic OATP1B transporters. First, we studied the influence of the Oatp1b2 deletion on bile acid (BA) metabolism, showing that lack of the transporter results in a significantly reduced expression of Cyp7a1, the key enzyme of BA synthesis, resulting in elevated cholesterol levels after high dietary fat challenge. Furthermore, Slco1b2-/- mice exhibited delayed clearance after oral glucose challenge resulting from reduced hepatic glucose uptake. In addition to increased hepatic glycogen content, Slco1b2-/- mice exhibited reduced glucose output after pyruvate challenge. This is in accordance with reduced hepatic expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in knockout mice. We show that this phenotype is due to the loss of liver-specific Oatp1b2-mediated hepatocellular thyroid hormone entry, which then leads to reduced transcriptional activation of target genes of hepatic thyroid hormone receptor (TR), including Cyp7a1 and Pepck but also Dio1 and Glut2. Importantly, we assessed human relevance using a cohort of archived human livers in which OATP1B1 expression was noted to be highly associated with TR target genes, especially for glucose facilitating transporter 2 (GLUT2). Furthermore, GLUT2 expression was significantly decreased in livers harboring a common genetic polymorphism in SLCO1B1. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that OATP1B-mediated hepatic thyroid hormone entry is a key determinant of cholesterol and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A. Ware
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Information Sciences Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amarjit S. Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sara Lemay
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matilde Leon-Ponte
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hani Zaher
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ute I. Schwarz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J. Freeman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Erin G. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rommel G. Tirona
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard B. Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Bravard A, Lefai E, Meugnier E, Pesenti S, Disse E, Vouillarmet J, Peretti N, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Laville M, Vidal H, Rieusset J. FTO is increased in muscle during type 2 diabetes, and its overexpression in myotubes alters insulin signaling, enhances lipogenesis and ROS production, and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes 2011; 60:258-68. [PMID: 20943749 PMCID: PMC3012179 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A strong association between genetic variants and obesity was found for the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO). However, few details are known concerning the expression and function of FTO in skeletal muscle of patients with metabolic diseases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated basal FTO expression in skeletal muscle from obese nondiabetic subjects and type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, compared with age-matched control subjects, and its regulation in vivo by insulin, glucose, or rosiglitazone. The function of FTO was further studied in myotubes by overexpression experiments. RESULTS We found a significant increase of FTO mRNA and protein levels in muscle from type 2 diabetic patients, whereas its expression was unchanged in obese or type 1 diabetic patients. Moreover, insulin or glucose infusion during specific clamps did not regulate FTO expression in skeletal muscle from control or type 2 diabetic patients. Interestingly, rosiglitazone treatment improved insulin sensitivity and reduced FTO expression in muscle from type 2 diabetic patients. In myotubes, adenoviral FTO overexpression increased basal protein kinase B phosphorylation, enhanced lipogenesis and oxidative stress, and reduced mitochondrial oxidative function, a cluster of metabolic defects associated with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates increased FTO expression in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients, which can be normalized by thiazolidinedione treatment. Furthermore, in vitro data support a potential implication of FTO in oxidative metabolism, lipogenesis and oxidative stress in muscle, suggesting that it could be involved in the muscle defects that characterize type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bravard
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Pesenti
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Vouillarmet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Nöel Peretti
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martine Laville
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM, U-870, IFR62, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
- INRA, UMR1235, Oullins, France
- INSA-Lyon, RMND, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, Lyon, France
- Corresponding author: Jennifer Rieusset,
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Ramin N, Thieme R, Fischer S, Schindler M, Schmidt T, Fischer B, Navarrete Santos A. Maternal diabetes impairs gastrulation and insulin and IGF-I receptor expression in rabbit blastocysts. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4158-67. [PMID: 20631000 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Women with type 1 diabetes are subfertile. Diabetes negatively affects pregnancy by causing early miscarriage and poor prenatal outcomes. In this study we examine consequences of maternal type 1 diabetes on early embryo development, metabolic gene expression, and the pattern of insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) distribution in rabbit blastocysts. In female rabbits, type 1 diabetes was induced by alloxan treatment. Six-day-old blastocysts were recovered and assessed for receptor distribution and metabolic gene expression. In vitro culture of blastocysts was performed in medium containing 1 mm, 10 mm, or 25 mm glucose, simulating normo- and hyperglycemic developmental condition in vitro. The fertility rate of the diabetic rabbits clearly mirrored subfertility with a drop in blastocyst numbers by 40% (13.3 blastocysts in diabetic vs. 21.9 in control females). In blastocysts onset and progression of gastrulation was delayed and expression of IR and IGF-IR and their metabolic target genes (hexokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), both in vivo and in vitro, was down-regulated. The amount of apoptotic cells in the embryonic disc was increased, correlating closely with the reduced transcription of the bcl-x(L) gene. Blastocyst development is clearly impaired by type 1 diabetes during early pregnancy. Insulin-stimulated metabolic genes and IR and IGF-IR are down-regulated, resulting in reduced insulin and IGF sensitivity and a delay in development. Dysregulation of the IGF system and embryonic glucose metabolism are potential reasons for diabetogenous subfertility and embryopathies and start as soon as during the first days of life.
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MESH Headings
- Alloxan
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blastocyst/cytology
- Blastocyst/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Embryo Culture Techniques
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Gastrulation/genetics
- Gastrulation/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Immunoblotting
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/genetics
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/physiopathology
- Rabbits
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ramin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
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D'Souza DR, Salib MM, Bennett J, Mochin-Peters M, Asrani K, Goldblum SE, Renoud KJ, Shapiro P, Passaniti A. Hyperglycemia regulates RUNX2 activation and cellular wound healing through the aldose reductase polyol pathway. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:17947-55. [PMID: 19383984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus accelerates cardiovascular microangiopathies and atherosclerosis, which are a consequence of hyperglycemia. The aldose reductase (AR) polyol pathway contributes to these microvascular complications, but how it mediates vascular damage in response to hyperglycemia is less understood. The RUNX2 transcription factor, which is repressed in diabetic animals, promotes vascular endothelial cell (EC) migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Here we show that physiological levels of glucose (euglycemia) increase RUNX2 DNA binding and transcriptional activity, whereas hyperglycemia does not. However, inhibition of AR reverses hyperglycemic suppression of RUNX2. IGF-1 secretion and IGF receptor phosphorylation by autocrine IGF-1 occur equally in euglycemic or hyperglycemic conditions, suggesting that reduced RUNX2 activity in response to hyperglycemia is not because of altered IGF-1/IGF receptor activation. AR also negatively regulates RUNX2-dependent vascular remodeling in an EC wounded monolayer assay, which is reversed by specific AR inhibition in hyperglycemia. Thus, euglycemia supports RUNX2 activity and promotes normal microvascular EC migration and wound healing, which are repressed under hyperglycemic conditions through the AR polyol pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R D'Souza
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Li S, Chen X, Zhang H, Liang X, Xiang Y, Yu C, Zen K, Li Y, Zhang CY. Differential expression of microRNAs in mouse liver under aberrant energy metabolic status. J Lipid Res 2009. [PMID: 19372595 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800509-jlr200;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of effort, exact pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains obscure. To gain an insight into the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in aberrant energy metabolic status and pathogenesis of NAFLD, we analyzed the expression of miRNAs in livers of ob/ob mice, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice, and normal C57BL/6 mice by miRNA microarray. Compared with normal C57BL/6 mice, ob/ob mice showed upregulation of eight miRNAs and downregulation of four miRNAs in fatty livers. Upregulation of miR-34a and downregulation of miR-122 was found in livers of STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results demonstrate that distinct miRNAs are strongly dysregulated in NAFLD and hyperglycemia. Comparison between miRNA expressions in livers of ob/ob mice and STZ-administered mice further revealed upregulation of four miRNAs and downregulation of two miRNAs in livers of ob/ob mice, indicating that these miRNAs may represent a molecular signature of NAFLD. A distinctive miRNA expression pattern was identified in ob/ob mouse liver, and hierarchical clustering of this pattern could clearly discriminate ob/ob mice from either normal C57BL/6 mice or STZ-administered mice. These findings suggest an important role of miRNAs in hepatic energy metabolism and implicate the participation of miRNAs in the pathophysiological processes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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26
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Li S, Chen X, Zhang H, Liang X, Xiang Y, Yu C, Zen K, Li Y, Zhang CY. Differential expression of microRNAs in mouse liver under aberrant energy metabolic status. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1756-65. [PMID: 19372595 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800509-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of effort, exact pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains obscure. To gain an insight into the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in aberrant energy metabolic status and pathogenesis of NAFLD, we analyzed the expression of miRNAs in livers of ob/ob mice, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice, and normal C57BL/6 mice by miRNA microarray. Compared with normal C57BL/6 mice, ob/ob mice showed upregulation of eight miRNAs and downregulation of four miRNAs in fatty livers. Upregulation of miR-34a and downregulation of miR-122 was found in livers of STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results demonstrate that distinct miRNAs are strongly dysregulated in NAFLD and hyperglycemia. Comparison between miRNA expressions in livers of ob/ob mice and STZ-administered mice further revealed upregulation of four miRNAs and downregulation of two miRNAs in livers of ob/ob mice, indicating that these miRNAs may represent a molecular signature of NAFLD. A distinctive miRNA expression pattern was identified in ob/ob mouse liver, and hierarchical clustering of this pattern could clearly discriminate ob/ob mice from either normal C57BL/6 mice or STZ-administered mice. These findings suggest an important role of miRNAs in hepatic energy metabolism and implicate the participation of miRNAs in the pathophysiological processes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Gu N, Tsuda M, Matsunaga T, Adachi T, Yasuda K, Ishihara A, Tsuda K. Glucose regulation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene expression is mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha in epithelial intestinal cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1433-9. [PMID: 18671716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a new drug target in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity is significantly altered in Type 2 diabetic patients with hyperglycaemia, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. 2. The first aim of the present study was to clarify whether glucose regulates DPP-IV enzyme activity. To address this, DPP-IV gene expression and enzyme activity were measured in Caco2 cells cultured in the presence of low (2.5 mmol/L) or high (16.7 mmol/L) concentrations of glucose. We observed that high glucose inhibited DPP-IV gene expression and enzyme activity. 3. The second aim of the present study was to investigate whether hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha contributes to glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression. To explore this question, associations between the gene expression of DPP-IV and HNF-1alpha were examined in Caco-2 cells cultured in the presence of low (2.5 mmol/L) or high (16.7 mmol/L) glucose. We found that the pattern of glucose-regulated DPP-IV gene expression is similar to that of HNF-1alpha. Moreover, to elucidate whether glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression is affected when HNF-1alpha is inhibited, we produced two stable cell lines in which a dominant-negative mutant HNF-1alphaR271G or basic vectors were stably expressed. We found that glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression was compromised in HNF-1alphaR271G cells, but was well maintained in basic vector cells. 4. These results suggest that glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression is mediated by HNF-1alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gu
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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