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Sirotkin AV. Peppers and their constituents against obesity. Biol Futur 2023; 74:247-252. [PMID: 37493973 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytotherapy can be an efficient tool for prevention and treatment of disorders including obesity. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the available knowledge concerning the positive effects of peppers (Capsicum spp.) and their alkaloid capsaicin on human health, in particular on fat and obesity. Search for literature was performed in Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases between the year 2000 and 2023. Words used to search were pepper, Capsicum, capsaicin, review, obesity, fat, weight loss and mechanisms. The available data demonstrate that both pepper extract and capsaicin can positively influence human health and treat several disorders. Moreover, they can reduce fat storage affecting brain centres responsible for the sensation of hunger, nutrient uptake by gastrointestinal tract, state of adipocytes, increase in carbohydrate and fat oxidation, metabolism and thermogenesis and other mechanisms. Therefore, despite some possible limitations, these substances could be useful for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sirotkin
- Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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2
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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3
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Shaik Mohamed Sayed UF, Moshawih S, Goh HP, Kifli N, Gupta G, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Hermansyah A, Ser HL, Ming LC, Goh BH. Natural products as novel anti-obesity agents: insights into mechanisms of action and potential for therapeutic management. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1182937. [PMID: 37408757 PMCID: PMC10318930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than 10% of the adult population globally. Despite the introduction of diverse medications aimed at combating fat accumulation and obesity, a significant number of these pharmaceutical interventions are linked to substantial occurrences of severe adverse events, occasionally leading to their withdrawal from the market. Natural products serve as attractive sources for anti-obesity agents as many of them can alter the host metabolic processes and maintain glucose homeostasis via metabolic and thermogenic stimulation, appetite regulation, pancreatic lipase and amylase inhibition, insulin sensitivity enhancing, adipogenesis inhibition and adipocyte apoptosis induction. In this review, we shed light on the biological processes that control energy balance and thermogenesis as well as metabolic pathways in white adipose tissue browning, we also highlight the anti-obesity potential of natural products with their mechanism of action. Based on previous findings, the crucial proteins and molecular pathways involved in adipose tissue browning and lipolysis induction are uncoupling protein-1, PR domain containing 16, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in addition to Sirtuin-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Given that some phytochemicals can also lower proinflammatory substances like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 secreted from adipose tissue and change the production of adipokines like leptin and adiponectin, which are important regulators of body weight, natural products represent a treasure trove for anti-obesity agents. In conclusion, conducting comprehensive research on natural products holds the potential to accelerate the development of an improved obesity management strategy characterized by heightened efficacy and reduced incidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hooi Leng Ser
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Reis TO, Noronha SISR, Lima PMA, De Abreu ARR, Mesquita LBT, Ferreira FI, Silva FC, Chianca-Jr DA, De Menezes RC. Abdominal TRPV1 channel desensitization enhances stress-induced hyperthermia during social stress in rats. Auton Neurosci 2023; 246:103073. [PMID: 36736078 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In rats, stress-induced hyperthermia caused by social interaction depends on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and peripheral vasoconstriction. However, the peripheral mechanisms responsible for regulating the level of hyperthermia during social stress are still unknown. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) subfamily, expressed in sensory and visceral neurons, can serve as a thermoreceptor. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the abdominal TRPV1 is essential in regulating stress-induced hyperthermia during social stress. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats received an intraperitoneal injection of Resiniferatoxin (RTX) - an ultra-potent capsaicin analog, (i.e., to desensitize the TRPV1 channels) or vehicle. Seven days later, we evaluated the effects of abdominal TRPV1 channels desensitization on core body temperature (CBT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature, tail skin temperature, and heart rate (HR) of rats subjected to a social stress protocol. KEY FINDINGS We found abdominal TRPV1 desensitization increased CBT and BAT temperature but did not change tail skin temperature and HR during rest. However, under social stress, we found that abdominal TRPV1 desensitization heightened the increase in CBT and BAT caused by stress. Also, it abolished the increase in tail skin temperature that occurs during and after social stress. TRPV1 desensitization also delayed the HR recovery after the exposure to the social stress. SIGNIFICANCE These results show that abdominal TRPV1 channels desensitization heightens stress-induced hyperthermia, causing heat dissipation during and after social stress, enabling optimal thermal control during social encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Reis
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - S I S R Noronha
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - P M A Lima
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - A R R De Abreu
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - L B T Mesquita
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - F I Ferreira
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil
| | - F C Silva
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil..
| | - D A Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil..
| | - R C De Menezes
- Department of Biological Science, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-000, Brazil..
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Cheng L, Wang J, Dai H, Duan Y, An Y, Shi L, Lv Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Du H, Zhao B. Brown and beige adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipocyte 2021; 10:48-65. [PMID: 33403891 PMCID: PMC7801117 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1870060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while BAT is a thermogenic tissue that acts a pivotal part in maintaining the core body temperature. White adipocytes display high plasticity and can transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes which have many similar morphological and functional properties with brown adipocytes under the stimulations of exercise, cold exposure and other factors. This phenomenon is also known as 'browning of WAT'. In addition to transdifferentiation, beige adipocytes can also come from de novo differentiation from tissue-resident progenitors. Activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT can accelerate the intake of glycolipids and reduce the insulin secretion requirement, which may be a new strategy to improve glycolipids metabolism and insulin resistance of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review mainly discusses the significance of brown and beige adipose tissues in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, and focuses on the effect of the browning agent on obesity and T2DM, which provides a brand-new theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Haifeng Du
- The Third Municipal Hospital of Chengde, Chengde, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
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7
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Ávila DL, Nunes NAM, Almeida PHRF, Gomes JAS, Rosa COB, Alvarez-Leite JI. Signaling Targets Related to Antiobesity Effects of Capsaicin: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2232-2243. [PMID: 34171094 PMCID: PMC8634413 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new antiobesogenic agents is increasing because of the current obesity pandemic. Capsaicin (Caps), an exogenous agonist of the vanilloid receptor of transient potential type 1 (TRPV1), has shown promising results in the treatment of obesity. This scoping review aims to verify the pathways mediating the effects of Caps in obesity and the different methods adopted to identify these pathways. The search was carried out using data from the EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Studies considered eligible evaluated the mechanisms of action of Caps in obesity models or cell types involved in obesity. Nine studies were included and 100% (n = 6) of the in vivo studies showed a high risk of bias. Of the 9 studies, 66.6% (n = 6) administered Caps orally in the diet and 55.5% (n = 5) used a concentration of Caps of 0.01% in the diet. In vitro, the most tested concentration was 1 μM (88.9%; n = 8). Capsazepine was the antagonist chosen by 66.6% (n = 6) of the studies. Seven studies (77.8%) linked the antiobesogenic effects of Caps to TRPV1 activation and 3 (33.3%) indicated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) involvement as an upstream connection to TRPV1, rather than a direct metabolic target of Caps. The main secondary effects of Caps were lower weight gain (33.3%; n = 3) or loss (22.2%; n = 2), greater improvement in lipid profile (33.3%; n = 3), lower white adipocyte adipogenesis (33.3%; n = 3), browning process activation (44.4%; n = 4), and higher brown adipocyte activity (33.3%; n = 3) compared with those of the control treatment. Some studies have shown that PPAR agonists modulate TRPV1 activity, and no study has evaluated the simultaneous antagonism of these 2 receptors. Consequently, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of each of these signaling molecules in the antiobesogenic effects of Caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Ávila
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Núbia A M Nunes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo H R F Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia Social, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla O B Rosa
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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8
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Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M, Sugita J, Aita S, Kameya T, Sugie H, Saito M. Prolonged Treatment with Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta) Extract Recruits Adaptive Thermogenesis and Reduces Body Fat in Humans with Low Brown Fat Activity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:99-104. [PMID: 33952741 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing adaptive thermogenesis through the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising practical strategy for preventing obesity and related disorders. Ingestion of a single dose of 40 mg of an extract of Grains of Paradise (GP), a ginger family species, reportedly triggers BAT thermogenesis in individuals with high but not in those with low BAT activity. We hypothesized that prolonged treatment with GP might revive BAT in individuals who have lost active BAT. In the present study, we recruited 9 healthy young male volunteers with reduced BAT that was assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) following 2-h cold exposure at 19ºC. The subjects ingested GP extract (40 mg/d) or placebo every day for 5 wk. Before and after the treatment with either GP or placebo, their body composition and BAT-dependent cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT)-a non-invasive index of BAT-were measured in a single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design. Their whole-body resting energy expenditure at a thermoneutral condition remained unchanged following GP treatment. However, CIT after treatment was significantly higher in GP-treated individuals than in placebo-treated individuals. Body weight and fat-free mass did not change significantly following GP or placebo treatment. Notably, body fat percentage slightly but significantly decreased after GP treatment but not after placebo treatment. These results suggest that repeated ingestion of GP elevates adaptive thermogenesis through the re-activation of BAT, thereby reducing body fat in individuals with low BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi Collage.,Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi Collage
| | - Jun Sugita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi Collage.,R&D Management, Kao Corporation
| | - Sayuri Aita
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ibaraki Christian University
| | | | | | - Masayuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi Collage.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
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9
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue and Promotion of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Plant-based Dietary Components in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2147-2156. [PMID: 34265040 PMCID: PMC8634450 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and promotion of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is considered a potential tool to combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. The use of plant-based dietary components has become one of the most used strategies for activating BAT and promoting WAT browning in rodents. The main reason is because plant-based dietary components are usually recognized as safe when the dose is properly adjusted, and they can easily be administrated by being added to the diet or dissolved in water. The present systematic review aimed to study the effects of plant-based dietary components on activation of BAT and promotion of WAT browning in rodents. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus (from 1978 to 2019) identified eligible studies. Studies assessing the effects of plant-based dietary components added to diet and/or water on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in BAT and/or WAT were included. Studies that used dietary components of animal origin, did not specify the effects on UCP1, or were conducted in other species different from mice or rats were excluded. Of 3919 studies identified in the initial screening, 146 studies were finally included in the review. We found that tea extract catechins, resveratrol, capsaicin and capsinoids, cacao extract flavanols, and quercetin were the most studied components. Scientific evidence suggests that some of these dietary components activate BAT and promote WAT browning via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These findings reveal that there is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plant-based dietary components to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents and thus to potentially combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. Del Conocimiento, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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10
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Fagundes GBP, Rodrigues AMDS, Martins LB, Monteze NM, Correia MITD, Teixeira AL, Ferreira AVM. Acute effects of dry extract of ginger on energy expenditure in eutrophic women: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:168-174. [PMID: 33487261 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The thermic effect of food (TEF) is one of the components of total energy expenditure (TEE). Some bioactive compounds present in food could be useful to increase TEE. In this context, ginger has been extensively used as a thermogenic food despite no clear effect has been demonstrated yet. Herein, we evaluated the acute thermogenic effect of gingerol, a bioactive compound present in ginger, in healthy women. METHODS We carried out a randomized double-masked, cross-over and placebo-controlled clinical trial with 20 healthy eutrophic women. Anthropometric, body composition, indirect calorimetry and clinical variables were collected at baseline and throughout the intervention phase. A standardized breakfast was offered together with two dry extract of ginger capsules (5% gingerol) or a placebo (cellulose). Indirect calorimetry, blood pressure, heart rate, axillary temperature and blood collection were assessed at baseline and thereafter, at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min postprandial. The analyses were repeated with a minimum of seven days' washout period. RESULTS Ginger intake did not increase the TEF of a standardized breakfast compared to the placebo. Oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, blood pressure, heart rate, axillary temperature and metabolic profile were not different as well. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that gingerol did not modify the acute TEF in healthy women. More studies in human subjects, using different concentrations of gingerol, administration methods and intervention type (chronic effect) are necessary to clarify the putative thermogenic effect of ginger. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Thermogenic Effect of Ginger - NCT03089593).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Barbosa Pires Fagundes
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Mussi Monteze
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 170 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 170 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Alfredo Balena, 190 Santa Efigênia CEP 30130100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Xu N, Chu J, Dong R, Lu F, Zhang X, Wang M, Shen Y, Xie Z, Ho CT, Yang CS, Wang Y, Wan X. Yellow Tea Stimulates Thermogenesis in Mice through Heterogeneous Browning of Adipose Tissues. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000864. [PMID: 33258303 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Large-leaf yellow tea (YT) exhibits interesting beneficial metabolic effects in previous studies. Here, the authors elucidated the actions of YT on thermogenesis, energy metabolism, and adipocyte metabolic conversion. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice are fed low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 0.5% or 2.5% YT. After treatment for 10 or 14 weeks, YT enhances energy expenditure, O2 consumption and CO2 production. YT strongly boosts thermogenic program in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), while only weakly in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT). These are accompanied by higher body temperature, increased mitochondrial copy numbers, and upregulation of thermogenic genes (Ucp1, Pgc1α, etc.) and proteins. The classic brown adipocyte markers (Eva1, Zic1) are induced only in BAT, while beige adipocyte markers (Tbx1, Tmem26) are boosted only in SAT. Furthermore, subcutaneous-originated preadipocytes are induced by YT in vitro to differentiate to brown-like adipocytes - a browning effect. CONCLUSION Dietary YT induces adaptive thermogenesis through increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in EAT, inducing beigeing in SAT and enhancing browning in the BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jun Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Key Laboratory of Xin 'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8520, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China
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12
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Bo S, Fadda M, Fedele D, Pellegrini M, Ghigo E, Pellegrini N. A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1161. [PMID: 32331288 PMCID: PMC7231187 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mass media has increasingly frequently suggested to the general population that specific foods or nutritional schemes are able to affect both human metabolism and energy expenditure, thus facilitating weight loss. This critical review is aimed at assessing available evidence on the roles of nutrients, food and dietary regimens in energy intake and energy expenditure. We queried the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASEand the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and a search strategy was performed by using database-specific subject headings and keywords. We found that available scientific evidence on these topics is scarce, and that the limited number of available studies often have poor methodological quality. Only a few foods show beneficial effects on metabolism and energy expenditure, as the human energy balance is complex and multifactorial. Finally, microbiota may interfere with the intake, use and expenditure of energy in the human body. Conclusive evidence is still lacking, and, at present, it is not possible to identify a food or a diet with a significant impact on human energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Maurizio Fadda
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (D.F.)
| | - Debora Fedele
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.F.); (D.F.)
| | - Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
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13
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Wang N, Lu HY, Li X, Du YJ, Meng WH, Ding HW, Zhao QC. ZW290 Increases Cold Tolerance by Inducing Thermogenesis via the Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brown Adipose Tissue In Vitro and In Vivo. Lipids 2020; 54:265-276. [PMID: 31087415 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To provide molecular evidence on the thermogenic mechanism of primary brown adipocytes, western blot analysis was used to detect brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific gene expressions. BAT protects the mammals from hypothermia injury with a large amount of mitochondria and high expression of uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which is the vital protein to determine the heat production in BAT. In our previous study, the compound ZW290 (the structure shown in Fig. 1) was obtained by molecular docking with a UCP1 inducer. In the present study, ZW290 not only significantly upregulated the expression of UCP1 protein (p < 0.01) and its related signaling pathway in the primary brown adipocytes, but also remarkably decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (p < 0.01). Kunming (KM) mice were kept under acute cold exposure (-20°C) to evaluate the preventive and protective effects of ZW290 on cold injury, and revealed its regulating mechanism in vitro. The rectal and body temperatures of ZW290-treated mice were significantly higher than those of the control (or model) group both at room temperature and at -20°C (p < 0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that ZW290 notably decreased the size of lipid droplets in BAT and increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, the survival rate showed that ZW290 could prolong the overall survival of mice. Therefore, we obtained the conclusion that ZW290 might transform energy into heat by inhibiting ATP synthesis and increasing the expression of UCP1. Additionally, ZW290 may enhance cold tolerance by increasing heat production through increasing the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Lu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Ya-Jie Du
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Huai-Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
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14
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Patra AK, Geiger S, Schrapers KT, Braun HS, Gehlen H, Starke A, Pieper R, Cieslak A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Aschenbach JR. Effects of dietary menthol-rich bioactive lipid compounds on zootechnical traits, blood variables and gastrointestinal function in growing sheep. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:86. [PMID: 31827785 PMCID: PMC6886202 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed at investigating the influence of 90% menthol-containing plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC, essential oils) on growth performance, blood haematological and biochemical profile, and nutrient absorption in sheep. Twenty-four growing Suffolk sheep were allotted into three dietary treatments: Control (without PBLC), lower dose of PBLC (PBLC-L; 80 mg/d) and higher dose of PBLC (PBLC-H; 160 mg/d). Sheep in all groups were fed meadow hay ad libitum plus 600 g/d of concentrate pellets for 28 d. Results Average daily gain was not affected by treatment. Feeding of PBLC increased hay and total feed intake per kg body weight (P < 0.05). Counts of total leucocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes were not different among treatments. However, neutrophil count decreased (P < 0.05) in PBLC-H with a similar trend in PBLC-L (P < 0.10). Concentrations of glucose, bilirubin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and magnesium in serum were not different among sheep fed different doses of PBLC. However, serum calcium concentration tended to increase in PBLC-H (P < 0.10) and serum concentrations of aspartate & asparagine (P < 0.01) and glutamate & glutamine (P < 0.05) increased linearly with increasing PBLC dose. In ruminal epithelia isolated from the rumen after killing, baseline conductance (G t; P < 0.05) and short-circuit current (I sc; P < 0.01) increased in both PBLC groups. Ruminal uptakes of glucose and methionine in the presence of Na+ were not affected by the dietary PBLC supplementation. In the absence of Na+, however, glucose and methionine uptakes increased (P < 0.05) in PBLC-H. In the jejunum, I sc tended to increase in PBLC-H (P < 0.10), but baseline G t was not affected. Intestinal uptakes of glucose and methionine were not influenced by PBLC in the presence or absence of Na+. Conclusion The results suggest that menthol-rich PBLC increase feed intake, and passive ion and nutrient transport, the latter specifically in the rumen. They also increased serum concentrations of urea precursor amino acids and tended to increase serum calcium concentrations. Future studies will have to show whether some of these findings might be commonly linked to a stimulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K Patra
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.,2Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Sebastian Geiger
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Heidrun Gehlen
- 4Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Starke
- 5Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- 6Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Cieslak
- 7Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Pereira RO, McFarlane SI. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease Protection: Current Evidence and Future Directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4. [PMID: 31650091 PMCID: PMC6812533 DOI: 10.15344/2456-8007/2019/136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, FOE Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NYC 11203, USA
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16
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Small molecules for fat combustion: targeting obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:220-236. [PMID: 30976490 PMCID: PMC6438825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in an alarming rate worldwide, which causes higher risks of some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Current therapeutic approaches, either pancreatic lipase inhibitors or appetite suppressors, are generally of limited effectiveness. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige cells dissipate fatty acids as heat to maintain body temperature, termed non-shivering thermogenesis; the activity and mass of BAT and beige cells are negatively correlated with overweight and obesity. The existence of BAT and beige cells in human adults provides an effective weight reduction therapy, a process likely to be amenable to pharmacological intervention. Herein, we combed through the physiology of thermogenesis and the role of BAT and beige cells in combating with obesity. We summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades, targeting G protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, nuclear receptors and miscellaneous pathways. Advances in clinical trials were also presented. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge from the biological importance of thermogenesis in energy homeostasis to the representative thermogenic regulators for treating obesity. Thermogenic regulators might have a large potential for further investigations to be developed as lead compounds in fighting obesity.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ALDH9, aldehyde dehydrogenase 9
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BA, bile acids
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMP8b, bone morphogenetic protein 8b
- Beige cells
- Brown adipose tissue
- C/EBPα, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α
- CLA, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
- CRABP-II, cellular RA binding protein type II
- CRE, cAMP response element
- Cidea, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector A
- Dio2, iodothyronine deiodinase type 2
- ERE, estrogen response element
- ERs, estrogen receptors
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptors
- HFD, high fat diet
- LXR, liver X receptors
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Obesity
- PDEs, phosphodiesterases
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- PPREs, peroxisome proliferator response elements
- PRDM16, PR domain containing 16
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RA, retinoic acid
- RAR, RA receptor
- RARE, RA response element
- RMR, resting metabolic rate
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SNS, sympathetic nervous system
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TMEM26, transmembrane protein 26
- TRPs, transient receptor potential cation channels
- Thermogenesis
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- Uncoupling protein 1
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR response elements
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- β3-AR, β3-adrenergic receptor
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Aguilera CM, Lozano-Sánchez J, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue by Capsinoids, Catechins, Ephedrine, and Other Dietary Components: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:291-302. [PMID: 30624591 PMCID: PMC6416040 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted clinical interest not only because it dissipates energy but also for its potential capacity to counteract obesity and related metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). Cold exposure is the most powerful stimulus for activating and recruiting BAT, and this stimulatory effect is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. BAT can also be activated by other receptors such as the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) or β-adrenergic receptors. Interestingly, these receptors also interact with several dietary components; in particular, capsinoids and tea catechins appear to mimic the effects of cold through a TRP-BAT axis, and they consequently seem to decrease body fat and improve metabolic blood parameters. This systematic review critically addresses the evidence behind the available human studies analyzing the effect of several dietary components (e.g., capsinoids, tea catechins, and ephedrine) on BAT activity. Even though the results of these studies are consistent with the outcomes of preclinical models, the lack of robust study designs makes it impossible to confirm the BAT-activation capacity of the specified dietary components. Further investigation into the effects of dietary components on BAT is warranted to clarify to what extent these components could serve as a powerful strategy to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of
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18
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Larson CJ. Translational Pharmacology and Physiology of Brown Adipose Tissue in Human Disease and Treatment. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:381-424. [PMID: 30689089 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is experimentally modeled to better understand the biology of this important metabolic tissue, and also to enable the potential discovery and development of novel therapeutics for obesity and sequelae resulting from the persistent positive energy balance. This chapter focuses on translation into humans of findings and hypotheses generated in nonhuman models of BAT pharmacology. Given the demonstrated challenges of sustainably reducing caloric intake in modern humans, potential solutions to obesity likely lie in increasing energy expenditure. The energy-transforming activities of a single cell in any given tissue can be conceptualized as a flow of chemical energy from energy-rich substrate molecules into energy-expending, endergonic biological work processes through oxidative degradation of organic molecules ingested as nutrients. Despite the relatively tight coupling between metabolic reactions and products, some expended energy is incidentally lost as heat, and in this manner a significant fraction of the energy originally captured from the environment nonproductively transforms into heat rather than into biological work. In human and other mammalian cells, some processes are even completely uncoupled, and therefore purely energy consuming. These molecular and cellular actions sum up at the physiological level to adaptive thermogenesis, the endogenous physiology in which energy is nonproductively released as heat through uncoupling of mitochondria in brown fat and potentially skeletal muscle. Adaptive thermogenesis in mammals occurs in three forms, mostly in skeletal muscle and brown fat: shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle, non-shivering thermogenesis in brown fat, and diet-induced thermogenesis in brown fat. At the cellular level, the greatest energy transformations in humans and other eukaryotes occur in the mitochondria, where creating energetic inefficiency by uncoupling the conversion of energy-rich substrate molecules into ATP usable by all three major forms of biological work occurs by two primary means. Basal uncoupling occurs as a passive, general, nonspecific leak down the proton concentration gradient across the membrane in all mitochondria in the human body, a gradient driving a key step in ATP synthesis. Inducible uncoupling, which is the active conduction of protons across gradients through processes catalyzed by proteins, occurs only in select cell types including BAT. Experiments in rodents revealed UCP1 as the primary mammalian molecule accounting for the regulated, inducible uncoupling of BAT, and responsive to both cold and pharmacological stimulation. Cold stimulation of BAT has convincingly translated into humans, and older clinical observations with nonselective 2,4-DNP validate that human BAT's participation in pharmacologically mediated, though nonselective, mitochondrial membrane decoupling can provide increased energy expenditure and corresponding body weight loss. In recent times, however, neither beta-adrenergic antagonism nor unselective sympathomimetic agonism by ephedrine and sibutramine provide convincing evidence that more BAT-selective mechanisms can impact energy balance and subsequently body weight. Although BAT activity correlates with leanness, hypothesis-driven selective β3-adrenergic agonism to activate BAT in humans has only provided robust proof of pharmacologic activation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling, limited proof of the mechanism of increased adaptive thermogenesis, and no convincing evidence that body weight loss through negative energy balance upon BAT activation can be accomplished outside of rodents. None of the five demonstrably β3 selective molecules with sufficient clinical experience to merit review provided significant weight loss in clinical trials (BRL 26830A, TAK 677, L-796568, CL 316,243, and BRL 35135). Broader conclusions regarding the human BAT therapeutic hypothesis are limited by the absence of data from most studies demonstrating specific activation of BAT thermogenesis in most studies. Additionally, more limited data sets with older or less selective β3 agonists also did not provide strong evidence of body weight effects. Encouragingly, β3-adrenergic agonists, catechins, capsinoids, and nutritional extracts, even without robust negative energy balance outcomes, all demonstrated increased total energy expenditure that in some cases could be associated with concomitant activation of BAT, though the absence of body weight loss indicates that in no cases did the magnitude of negative energy balance reach sufficient levels. Glucocorticoid receptor agonists, PPARg agonists, and thyroid hormone receptor agonists all possess defined molecular and cellular pharmacology that preclinical models predicted to be efficacious for negative energy balance and body weight loss, yet their effects on human BAT thermogenesis upon translation were inconsistent with predictions and disappointing. A few new mechanisms are nearing the stage of clinical trials and may yet provide a more quantitatively robust translation from preclinical to human experience with BAT. In conclusion, translation into humans has been demonstrated with BAT molecular pharmacology and cell biology, as well as with physiological response to cold. However, despite pharmacologically mediated, statistically significant elevation in total energy expenditure, translation into biologically meaningful negative energy balance was not achieved, as indicated by the absence of measurable loss of body weight over the duration of a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Larson
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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19
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Mao L, Lei J, Schoemaker MH, Ma B, Zhong Y, Lambers TT, Van Tol EAF, Zhou Y, Nie T, Wu D. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and extensively hydrolyzed casein-induced browning in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model of obesity. Food Funct 2018; 9:2362-2373. [PMID: 29589625 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Browning in adipose tissues, which can be affected by diet, may mitigate the detrimental effects of adiposity and improve longer-term metabolic health. Here, browning-inducing effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g., arachidonic acid (ARA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and extensively hydrolyzed casein (eHC) were investigated in uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) reporter mice. To address the overall functionality, their potential role in supporting a healthy metabolic profile under obesogenic dietary challenges later in life was evaluated. At weaning Ucp1+/LUC reporter mice were fed a control low fat diet (LFD) with or without ARA + DHA, eHC or eHC + ARA + DHA for 8 weeks until week 12 after which interventions continued for another 12 weeks under a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Serology (metabolic responses and inflammation) and in vivo and ex vivo luciferase activity were determined; in the meantime browning-related proteins UCP-1 and the genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and Ucp-1 were examined. ARA + DHA, eHC or their combination reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight compared to the HFD mice. The interventions induced Ucp-1 expression in adipose tissues prior to and during the HFD exposure. Ucp-1 induction was accompanied by higher PGC1a and PRDM16 expression. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved coinciding with lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, leptin, resistin, fibroblast growth factor 21, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and higher adiponectin than the HFD group. HFD-associated increased systemic (IL-1β and TNF-α) and adipose tissue inflammation (F4/80, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) was reduced. Studies in a Ucp-1 reporter mouse model revealed that early intervention with ARA/DHA and eHC improves metabolic flexibility and attenuates obesity during HFD challenge later in life. Increased browning is suggested as, at least, part of the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufeng Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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Han J, Meng Q, Shen L, Wu G. Interleukin-6 induces fat loss in cancer cachexia by promoting white adipose tissue lipolysis and browning. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:14. [PMID: 29338749 PMCID: PMC5771021 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cachexia is a progressive and multi-factorial metabolic syndrome characterized by loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. White adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and white-to-brown transdifferentiation of WAT (WAT browning) are proposed to contribute to WAT atrophy in cancer cachexia. Chronic inflammation, mediated by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), has been reported to promote cancer cachexia. However, whether chronic inflammation promotes cancer cachexia by regulating WAT metabolism and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods In this study, we first analyzed the association between chronic inflammation and WAT metabolism in gastric and colorectal cancer cachectic patients. In cachectic mice treated with anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, we clarified whether WAT lipolysis and browning were regulated by IL-6. Results Clinical analyses showed positive significant association between serum IL-6 and free fatty acid (FFA) both in early- and late-stage cancer cachexia. However, serum TNF-α was positively associated with serum FFA in the early- but not late-stage cachexia. WAT lipolysis was increased in early- and late-stage cachexia, while WAT browning was detected only in late-stage cachexia. Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody inhibited WAT lipolysis and browning in cachectic mice. Conclusions Based on these findings, we conclude that chronic inflammation (especially that mediated by IL-6) might promote cancer cachexia by regulating WAT lipolysis in early-stage cachexia and browning in late-stage cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Supra-pharmacological concentration of capsaicin stimulates brown adipogenesis through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:845. [PMID: 29339762 PMCID: PMC5770457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that brown (pre)adipocytes express Trpv1, a capsaicin receptor, and that capsaicin stimulates differentiation of brown preadipocytes in the late stages of brown adipogenesis. The present study revealed that treatment with 100 μM capsaicin stimulates brown adipogenesis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Treatment with capsaicin (100 μM) during brown adipogenesis enhanced lipid accumulation and the expression of Ucp1, a gene selectively expressed in brown adipocytes. Capsaicin treatment also caused an increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration even when extracellular calcium was removed. I-RTX, a Trpv1 inhibitor, did not modulate the increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, lipid accumulation or Ucp1 expression. Previous studies revealed that the release of calcium from the ER induces ER stress, leading to the conversion of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) pre-mRNA to spliced Xbp1 (sXbp1) as well as the up-regulation of Chop expression. Capsaicin treatment increased the expression of sXbp1 and Chop in brown preadipocytes and did not enhance lipid accumulation or Ucp1 expression in Xbp1 knockdown cells. The present results describe a novel mechanism of brown adipogenesis regulation via ER stress that is induced by a supra-pharmacological concentration of capsaicin.
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Abstract
Since the rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans, its energy-dissipating ability has been well-recognized. The negative correlations of BAT activity with adiposity and insulin sensitivity provided an obvious rationale for discerning reliable and practical strategies for stimulating BAT. Though cold exposure or use of pharmacological adrenomimetics can activate BAT, they may have adverse effects. Therefore, determining alternative stimulants of BAT with lower risks such as commonly used food ingredients is highly desirable. Recent observations revealed that chemical activation of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by food ingredients can recruit BAT in humans. Furthermore, animal studies have identified several food-derived stimulants of BAT acting through multiple mechanisms distinct from a TRP-mediated process. Dietary compounds acting as an activator of Sirtuin 1, a critical regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and brown adipocyte differentiation, are one such class of promising food-derived BAT activators in humans. While the individual effects of various dietary factors are increasingly established in a laboratory setting, the potential synergistic effects of multiple stimulants on BAT remain to be tested in a clinical environment. These investigations may support the development of efficient, flexible dietary regimens capable of boosting BAT thermogenesis.
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Cold-sensing TRPM8 channel participates in circadian control of the brown adipose tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2415-2427. [PMID: 28943398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are known to regulate energy metabolism, and TRPM8 has become an interesting player in this context. Here we demonstrate the role of the cold sensor TRPM8 in the regulation of clock gene and clock controlled genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT). We investigated TrpM8 temporal profile in the eyes, suprachiasmatic nucleus and BAT; only BAT showed temporal variation of TrpM8 transcripts. Eyes from mice lacking TRPM8 lost the temporal profile of Per1 in LD cycle. This alteration in the ocular circadian physiology may explain the delay in the onset of locomotor activity in response to light pulse, as compared to wild type animals (WT). Brown adipocytes from TrpM8 KO mice exhibited a larger multilocularity in comparison to WT or TrpV1 KO mice. In addition, Ucp1 and UCP1 expression was significantly reduced in TrpM8 KO mice in comparison to WT mice. Regarding circadian components, the expression of Per1, Per2, Bmal1, Pparα, and Pparβ oscillated in WT mice kept in LD, whereas in the absence of TRPM8 the expression of clock genes was reduced in amplitude and lack temporal oscillation. Thus, our results reveal new roles for TRPM8 channel: it participates in the regulation of clock and clock-controlled genes in the eyes and BAT, and in BAT thermogenesis. Since disruption of the clock machinery has been associated with many metabolic disorders, the pharmacological modulation of TRPM8 channel may become a promising therapeutic target to counterbalance weight gain, through increased thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and clock gene activation.
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Jankovic A, Otasevic V, Stancic A, Buzadzic B, Korac A, Korac B. Physiological regulation and metabolic role of browning in white adipose tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2017-0034. [PMID: 28862984 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in our understanding of the browning process in white adipose tissue (WAT) in rodents. The recognition that i) adult humans have physiologically inducible brown adipose tissue (BAT) that may facilitate resistance to obesity and ii) that adult human BAT molecularly and functionally resembles beige adipose tissue in rodents, reignited optimism that obesity and obesity-related diabetes type 2 can be battled by controlling the browning of WAT. In this review the main cellular mechanisms and molecular mediators of browning of WAT in different physiological states are summarized. The relevance of browning of WAT in metabolic health is considered primarily through a modulation of biological role of fat tissue in overall metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Otasevic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia, Phone: (381-11)-2078-307, Fax: (381-11)-2761-433
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Szydełko J, Szydełko M, Boguszewska-Czubara A. Health-promoting properties of compounds derived from Capsicum sp. A review. HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Summary
This article presents multidirectional effects of capsaicin and its natural derivatives as well as natural and synthetic analogs in term of their therapeutic properties. Active agents present in various Capsicum genus plants exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and gastroprotective effects. Furthermore, capsaicin positively influences the metabolism of lipids. Numerous research show that capsaicinoids inhibit proliferation and migration process of cancer cells, what makes them molecules of high interest in oncology. Among broad range of positive activities, we have focused only on those properties that have already found application in medicine or seemed to be the most probably used in the near future. Even if in low or single doses this compound has been reported successful in numerous therapies, the negative consequences of high doses or prolonged administration is also discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szydełko
- Department of Medical Chemistry Medical University of Lublin Chodźki 4A 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szydełko
- Department of Medical Chemistry Medical University of Lublin Chodźki 4A 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M, Hibi M, Tone H, Takeshita M, Yasunaga K, Katsuragi Y, Kameya T, Sugie H, Saito M. Tea catechin and caffeine activate brown adipose tissue and increase cold-induced thermogenic capacity in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:873-881. [PMID: 28275131 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The thermogenic effects of green tea catechin have been repeatedly reported, but their mechanisms are poorly understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of catechin on brown adipose tissue (BAT), a site specialized for nonshivering thermogenesis, in humans.Design: Fifteen healthy male volunteers underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography to assess BAT activity. To examine the acute catechin effect, whole-body energy expenditure (EE) after a single oral ingestion of a beverage containing 615 mg catechin and 77 mg caffeine (catechin beverage) was measured. Next, to investigate the chronic catechin effects, 10 men with low BAT activity were enrolled. Before and after ingestion of the catechin beverage 2 times/d for 5 wk, cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after 2 h of cold exposure at 19°C, which is proportional to BAT activity, was examined. Both the acute and chronic trials were single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, season-matched crossover studies.Results: A single ingestion of the catechin beverage increased EE in 9 subjects who had metabolically active BAT (mean ± SEM: +15.24 ± 1.48 kcal, P < 0.01) but not in 6 subjects who had negligible activities (mean ± SEM: +3.42 ± 2.68 kcal). The ingestion of a placebo beverage containing 82 mg caffeine produced a smaller and comparative EE response in the 2 subject groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between BAT and catechin on EE (β = 0.496, P = 0.003). Daily ingestion of the catechin beverage elevated mean ± SEM CIT (from 92.0 ± 26.5 to 197.9 ± 27.7 kcal/d; P = 0.009), whereas the placebo beverage did not change it.Conclusion: Orally ingested tea catechin with caffeine acutely increases EE associated with increased BAT activity and chronically elevates nonshivering CIT, probably because of the recruitment of BAT, in humans. These trials were registered at www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ as UMIN000016361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hibi
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Tone
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masao Takeshita
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Koichi Yasunaga
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
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Moraes MN, Mezzalira N, de Assis LVM, Menaker M, Guler A, Castrucci AML. TRPV1 participates in the activation of clock molecular machinery in the brown adipose tissue in response to light-dark cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:324-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yoneshiro T, Kaede R, Nagaya K, Aoyama J, Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Kimura K, Terao A. Royal jelly ameliorates diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:127-137. [PMID: 28089395 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of thermogenic food ingredients is potentially a useful strategy for the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders. It has been reported that royal jelly (RJ) supplementation improves insulin sensitivity; however, its impacts on energy expenditure and adiposity remain elusive. We investigated anti-obesity effects of RJ supplementation and their relation to physical activity levels and thermogenic capacities of brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed under four different experimental conditions for 17 weeks: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), HFD with 5% RJ, and HFD with 5% honey bee larva powder (BL). Spontaneous locomotor activity, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, and blood parameters were examined. Gene and protein expressions of thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX-IV) in BAT and WAT were investigated by qPCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS Dietary RJ, but not BL, suppressed HFD-induced accumulations of WAT and hepatic TG without modifying food intake. Consistently, RJ improved hyperglycemia and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Although dietary RJ and BL unchanged locomotor activity, gene and protein expressions of UCP1 and COX-IV in BAT were increased in the RJ group compared to the other experimental groups. Neither the RJ nor BL treatment induced browning of WAT. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary RJ ameliorates diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis by promoting metabolic thermogenesis in BAT in mice. RJ may be a novel promising food ingredient to combat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaede
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Julia Aoyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mana Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 005-8601, Japan.
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Masuda H, Fukao N, Kobayashi R, Hachisuka S, Mori N. Effects of Oral Cavity and Throat Stimulation on Changes in Human Body Temperature after Ingestion of Winter Savory ( Satureja montana L.) Extract. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.64.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nao Fukao
- School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Riho Kobayashi
- School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | | | - Noriyuki Mori
- School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
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Varghese S, Kubatka P, Rodrigo L, Gazdikova K, Caprnda M, Fedotova J, Zulli A, Kruzliak P, Büsselberg D. Chili pepper as a body weight-loss food. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:392-401. [PMID: 27899046 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1258044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chili has culinary as well as medical importance. Studies in humans, using a wide range of doses of chili intake (varying from a single meal to a continuous uptake for up to 12 weeks), concluded that it facilitates weight loss. In regard to this, the main targets of chili are fat metabolism, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis. To induce weight loss, the active substance of chili, capsaicin, activates Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel sub-family V member 1 (TRPV1) channels) receptors causing an increase in intracellular calcium levels and triggering the sympathetic nervous system. Apart from TRPV1, chili directly reduces energy expenditure by activating Brown Adipose Tissue. Weight loss by chili is also the result of an improved control of insulin, which supports weight management and has positive effects for treatment for diseases like obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the major pathways by which chili contributes to ameliorating parameters that help weight management and how the consumption of chili can help in accelerating weight loss through dietary modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Varghese
- a Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar , Qatar Foundation-Education City , Doha , Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- b Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine , Comenius University in Bratislava , Martin , Slovakia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- c Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- d Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine , Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovakia.,e Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- f 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Comenius University and University Hospital , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Julia Fedotova
- g Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology , I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia.,h Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology , I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia.,i International Research Centre «Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium» , ITMO University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- j Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine , Victoria University , Werribee , Australia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- k Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic.,l Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Disease , St. Anne?s University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- a Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar , Qatar Foundation-Education City , Doha , Qatar
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Giralt M, Cairó M, Villarroya F. Hormonal and nutritional signalling in the control of brown and beige adipose tissue activation and recruitment. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 30:515-525. [PMID: 27697212 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that the activity of adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans is higher than previously thought, and that obese patients show abnormally low levels of brown fat activity. Studies in experimental animals have shown that BAT is a site of energy expenditure, and that BAT activity protects against obesity and associated metabolic diseases. The action of the sympathetic nervous activity on BAT depots is considered the main regulator of BAT activity in rodent models and possibly also in humans. However, recent research has revealed the existence of additional hormonal factors, produced by distinct peripheral tissues or present in the diet, that influence the amount and activity of BAT. These hormonal factors may act on BAT directly, but also indirectly by targeting the brain and determining the intensity of sympathetic action upon BAT. Identification and characterization of novel factors that control BAT may provide clues for the development of new strategies to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giralt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cairó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Thuzar M, Ho KKY. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Brown adipose tissue in humans: regulation and metabolic significance. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:R11-25. [PMID: 27220620 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery that functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) persists in adult humans has enkindled a renaissance in metabolic research, with a view of harnessing its thermogenic capacity to combat obesity. This review focuses on the advances in the regulation and the metabolic significance of BAT in humans. BAT activity in humans is stimulated by cold exposure and by several factors such as diet and metabolic hormones. BAT function is regulated at two levels: an acute process involving the stimulation of the intrinsic thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes and a chronic process of growth involving the proliferation of pre-existing brown adipocytes or differentiation to brown adipocytes of adipocytes from specific white adipose tissue depots. BAT activity is reduced in the obese, and its stimulation by cold exposure increases insulin sensitivity and reduces body fat. These observations provide strong evidence that BAT plays a significant role in energy balance in humans and has the potential to be harnessed as a therapeutic target for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Thuzar
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesPrincess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaSchool of MedicineUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesPrincess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaSchool of MedicineUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ken K Y Ho
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesPrincess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaSchool of MedicineUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesPrincess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaSchool of MedicineUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Fattori V, Hohmann MSN, Rossaneis AC, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Verri WA. Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses. Molecules 2016; 21:E844. [PMID: 27367653 PMCID: PMC6273101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Miriam S N Hohmann
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Rossaneis
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Caixa Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Baskaran P, Krishnan V, Ren J, Thyagarajan B. Capsaicin induces browning of white adipose tissue and counters obesity by activating TRPV1 channel-dependent mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2369-89. [PMID: 27174467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic diseases necessitates the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat such diseases. Current research suggests that browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. Recent research suggests that activation of the TRPV1 channels counters obesity. However, the mechanism by which activation of TRPV1 channels counters obesity still remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the effect of dietary capsaicin to induce a browning program in WAT by activating TRPV1 channels to prevent diet-induced obesity using wild-type and TRPV1(-/-) mouse models. We performed experiments using preadipocytes and fat pads from these mice. KEY RESULTS Capsaicin stimulated the expression of brown fat-specific thermogenic uncoupling protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-8b in WAT. Capsaicin triggered browning of WAT by promoting sirtuin-1 expression and activity via TRPV1 channel-dependent elevation of intracellular Ca(2) (+) and phosphorylation of Ca(2) (+) /calmodulin-activated protein kinase II and AMP-activated kinase. Capsaicin increased the expression of PPARγ 1 coactivator α and enhanced metabolic and ambulatory activity. Further, capsaicin stimulated sirtuin-1-dependent deacetylation of PPARγ and the transcription factor PRDM-16 and facilitated PPARγ-PRDM-16 interaction to induce browning of WAT. Dietary capsaicin did not protect TRPV1(-/-) mice from obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS Our results show for the first time that activation of TRPV1 channels by dietary capsaicin triggers browning of WAT to counteract obesity. Our results suggest that activation of TRPV1 channels is a promising strategy to counter obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Krishnan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Stohs SJ, Badmaev V. A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non-stimulant Thermogenic Agents. Phytother Res 2016; 30:732-40. [PMID: 26856274 PMCID: PMC5067548 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are major health issues. Exercise and calorie intake control are recognized as the primary mechanisms for addressing excess body weight. Naturally occurring thermogenic plant constituents offer adjunct means for assisting in weight management. The controlling mechanisms for thermogenesis offer many intervention points. Thermogenic agents can act through stimulation of the central nervous system with associated adverse cardiovascular effects and through metabolic mechanisms that are non-stimulatory or a combination thereof. Examples of stimulatory thermogenic agents that will be discussed include ephedrine and caffeine. Examples of non-stimulatory thermogenic agents include p-synephrine (bitter orange extract), capsaicin, forskolin (Coleus root extract), and chlorogenic acid (green coffee bean extract). Green tea is an example of a thermogenic with the potential to produce mild but clinically insignificant undesirable stimulatory effects. The use of the aforementioned thermogenic agents in combination with other extracts such as those derived from Salacia reticulata, Sesamum indicum, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Cissus quadrangularis, and Moringa olifera, as well as the use of the carotenoids as lutein and fucoxanthin, and flavonoids as naringin and hesperidin can further facilitate energy metabolism and weight management as well as sports performance without adverse side effects. © 2016 The Authors Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J. Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNE68178USA
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Saito M, Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M. Food Ingredients as Anti-Obesity Agents. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:585-587. [PMID: 26421678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a site of adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis after cold exposure, and is involved in the regulation of energy expenditure and body fatness. BAT can be activated and recruited by not only cold exposure but also by various food ingredients including capsaicin in chili pepper and catechins in green tea, which would be easily and safely applicable to our daily life for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan
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Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PCN. Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:657-668. [PMID: 26482876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation reduces body fat and metabolic disorders by the enhanced combustion of lipids and glucose into heat. The thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes is primarily driven by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and controlled by the brain. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding how cues, such as temperature, light, and proteins, modulate the activity of brown fat by acting on the various hypothalamic nuclei. Given that activated BAT has a high capacity to take up and burn fatty acids (FAs) and glucose, pharmacological stimulation of brown fat in humans by either targeting the hypothalamus or mimicking outflow of the sympathetic nervous system might help improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and also lower body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - José K van den Heuvel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Capsaicin may have important potential for promoting vascular and metabolic health. Open Heart 2015; 2:e000262. [PMID: 26113985 PMCID: PMC4477151 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the phytochemical responsible for the spiciness of peppers, has the potential to modulate metabolism via activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors, which are found not only on nociceptive sensory neurons, but also in a range of other tissues. TRPV1 activation induces calcium influx, and in certain tissues this is associated with increased activation or expression of key proteins such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), KLF2, PPARdelta, PPARgamma, and LXRα. The calcium influx triggered by TRPV1 activation in endothelial cells mimics the impact of shear stress in this regard, activating and increasing the expression of eNOS-but also increasing expression of cox-2, thrombomodulin, and nrf2-responsive antioxidant enzymes, while decreasing expression of proinflammatory proteins. Hence, dietary capsaicin has favourably impacted endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rodents. TRPV1-mediated induction of LXRα in foam cells promotes cholesterol export, antagonising plaque formation. Capsaicin-mediated activation of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the gastrointestinal tract promotes sympathetically mediated stimulation of brown fat, raising metabolic rate. The increased expression of UCP2 induced by TRPV1 activation exerts a protective antioxidant effect on the liver in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and on vascular endothelium in the context of hyperglycaemia. In rodent studies, capsaicin-rich diets have shown favourable effects on atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension and stroke risk. Clinically, ingestion of capsaicin-or its less stable non-pungent analogue capsiate-has been shown to boost metabolic rate modestly. Topical application of capsaicin via patch was found to increase exercise time to ischaemic threshold in patients with angina. Further clinical studies with capsaicin administered in food, capsules, or via patch, are needed to establish protocols that are tolerable for most patients, and to evaluate the potential of capsaicin for promoting vascular and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- Mid America Heart Institute, St. Luke's Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri , USA
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Celi FS, Le TN, Ni B. Physiology and relevance of human adaptive thermogenesis response. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:238-47. [PMID: 25869212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In homoeothermic organisms, the preservation of core temperature represents a primal function, and its costs in terms of energy expenditure can be considerable. In modern humans, the endogenous thermoregulation mechanisms have been replaced by clothing and environmental control, and the maintenance of thermoneutrality has been successfully achieved by manipulation of the micro- and macroenvironment. The rediscovery of the presence and activity of brown adipose tissue in adult humans has renewed the interest on adaptive thermogenesis (AT) as a means to facilitate weight loss and improve carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this review is to describe the recent advancements in the study of this function, and to assess the potential and limitations of exploiting AT for environmental/behavioral, and pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco S Celi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Trang N Le
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Saito M. Brown Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Target for Obesity: From Mice to Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7570/kjo.2015.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sartini L, Frontini A. Potential novel therapeutic strategies from understanding adipocyte transdifferentiation mechanisms. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:143-152. [PMID: 30293508 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.983474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are located in discrete anatomical locations in both small mammals and in humans. 'Brown-like' adipocytes, also known as brite (brown in white) or beige adipocytes are found interspersed among white adipocytes in several fat depots. From a functional point of view, the activity of brown and brite cells is similar, that is, heat production mediated by uncoupling protein 1. The morphology and expression of 'thermogenic' genes is also very similar in these two cell types. The origin of brite adipocytes is under intense investigation because enhancing their presence and activity has the potential to promote a healthy metabolic profile. Transdifferentiation mechanisms as well as de novo recruitment have been investigated. The characterization of the mechanisms involved in the recruitment and activation of brown/brite adipocytes in adult humans, could open the avenue for promising therapeutic strategies to curb metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Sartini
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the site of sympathetically activated adaptive thermogenesis during cold exposure and after hyperphagia, thereby controlling whole-body energy expenditure (EE) and body fat. BAT thermogenesis is primarily dependent on the energy-dissipating activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). There are two types of UCP1-expressing adipocyte, classical brown and beige/brite adipocytes. Recent radionuclide studies have demonstrated the existence of metabolically active BAT composed of mainly beige/brite adipocytes in adult humans. Human BAT is activated by acute cold exposure, being positively correlated to cold-induced increases in EE. The inverse relationship between the BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT, because of its energy-dissipating activity, is protective against body fat accumulation. In fact, either repeated cold exposure or daily ingestion of some food ingredients acting on transient receptor potential channels recruited BAT in association with increased EE and decreased body fat. Moreover, possible contribution of BAT to glucose tolerance has been suggested. In addition to the sympathetic nervous system, some endocrine factors also have potential for activation/recruitment of BAT. Thus, BAT is a promising therapeutic target for combating human obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan
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Baboota RK, Murtaza N, Jagtap S, Singh DP, Karmase A, Kaur J, Bhutani KK, Boparai RK, Premkumar LS, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. Capsaicin-induced transcriptional changes in hypothalamus and alterations in gut microbial count in high fat diet fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:893-902. [PMID: 24917046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem and recently it has been seen as a growing concern for developing countries. Several bioactive dietary molecules have been associated with amelioration of obesity and associated complications and capsaicin is one among them. The present work is an attempt to understand and provide evidence for the novel mechanisms of anti-obesity activity of capsaicin in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Swiss albino mice divided in three groups (n=8-10) i.e. control, HFD fed and capsaicin (2mg/kg, po)+HFD fed were administered respective treatment for 3months. After measuring phenotypic and serum related biochemical changes, effect of capsaicin on HFD-induced transcriptional changes in hypothalamus, white adipose tissue (WAT) (visceral and subcutaneous), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gut microbial alterations was studied and quantified. Our results suggest that, in addition to its well-known effects, oral administration of capsaicin (a) modulates hypothalamic satiety associated genotype, (b) alters gut microbial composition, (c) induces "browning" genotype (BAT associated genes) in subcutaneous WAT and (d) increases expression of thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis genes in BAT. The present study provides evidence for novel and interesting mechanisms to explain the anti-obesity effect of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Baboota
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160071
| | - Nida Murtaza
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160071
| | - Sneha Jagtap
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160062
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160071
| | - Aniket Karmase
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160062
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160025
| | - Kamlesh K Bhutani
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160062
| | - Ravneet K Boparai
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
| | - Louis S Premkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | | | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India 160071.
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the site of sympathetically activated adaptive thermognenesis during cold exposure and after hyperphagia, thereby controlling whole-body energy expenditure (EE) and body fat. Radionuclide imaging studies have demonstrated that adult humans have metabolically active BAT composed of mainly beige/brite adipocytes, recently identified brown-like adipocytes. The inverse relationship between the BAT activity and body fatness suggests that BAT is, because of its energy dissipating activity, protective against body fat accumulation in humans as it is in small rodents. In fact, either repeated cold exposure or daily ingestion of some food ingredients acting on transient receptor potential channels recruits BAT in parallel with increased EE and decreased body fat. In addition to the sympathetic nervous system, several endocrine factors are also shown to recruit BAT. Thus, BAT is a promising therapeutic target for combating human obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan
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