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Roy S, Pokharel P, Piganelli JD. Decoding the immune dance: Unraveling the interplay between beta cells and type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101998. [PMID: 39069156 PMCID: PMC11342121 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the specific destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas by the immune system, including CD4 cells which orchestrate the attack and CD8 cells which directly destroy the beta cells, resulting in the loss of glucose homeostasis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This comprehensive document delves into the complex interplay between the immune system and beta cells, aiming to shed light on the mechanisms driving their destruction in T1D. Insights into the genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and autoimmune responses provide a foundation for understanding the autoimmune attack on beta cells. From the role of viral infections as potential triggers to the inflammatory response of beta cells, an intricate puzzle starts to unfold. This exploration highlights the importance of beta cells in breaking immune tolerance and the factors contributing to their targeted destruction. Furthermore, it examines the potential role of autophagy and the impact of cytokine signaling on beta cell function and survival. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review collectively represents current research findings on T1D which offers valuable perspectives on novel therapeutic approaches for preserving beta cell mass, restoring immune tolerance, and ultimately preventing or halting the progression of T1D. By unraveling the complex dynamics between the immune system and beta cells, we inch closer to a comprehensive understanding of T1D pathogenesis, paving the way for more effective treatments and ultimately a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Pravil Pokharel
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States.
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2
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Omodaka S, Kato Y, Sato Y, Falcone-Juengert J, Zhang H, Kanoke A, Eckalbar WL, Endo H, Hsieh CL, Aran D, Liu J. Defective interferon signaling in the circulating monocytes of type 2 diabetic mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597050. [PMID: 38895236 PMCID: PMC11185546 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with poor outcome after stroke. Peripheral monocytes play a critical role in the secondary injury and recovery of damaged brain tissue after stroke, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. To investigate transcriptome changes and molecular networks across monocyte subsets in response to T2DM and stroke, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bulk RNA-sequencing from blood monocytes from four groups of adult mice, consisting of T2DM model db/db and normoglycemic control db/+ mice with or without ischemic stroke. Via scRNAseq we found that T2DM expands the monocyte population at the expense of lymphocytes, which was validated by flow cytometry. Among the monocytes, T2DM also disproportionally increased the inflammatory subsets with Ly6C+ and negative MHC class II expression (MO.6C+II-). Conversely, monocytes from control mice without stroke are enriched with steady-state classical monocyte subset of MO.6C+II+ but with the least percentage of MO.6C+II- subtype. Apart from enhancing inflammation and coagulation, enrichment analysis from both scRNAseq and bulk RNAseq revealed that T2DM specifically suppressed type-1 and type-2 interferon signaling pathways crucial for antigen presentation and the induction of ischemia tolerance. Preconditioning by lipopolysaccharide conferred neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury in db/+ but not in db/db mice and coincided with a lesser induction of brain Interferon-regulatory-factor-3 in the brains of the latter mice. Our results suggest that the increased diversity and altered transcriptome in the monocytes of T2DM mice underlie the worse stroke outcome by exacerbating secondary injury and potentiating stroke-induced immunosuppression. Significance Statement The mechanisms involved in the detrimental diabetic effect on stroke are largely unclear. We show here, for the first time, that peripheral monocytes have disproportionally altered the subsets and changed transcriptome under diabetes and/or stroke conditions. Moreover, genes in the IFN-related signaling pathways are suppressed in the diabetic monocytes, which underscores the immunosuppression and impaired ischemic tolerance under the T2DM condition. Our data raise a possibility that malfunctioned monocytes may systemically and focally affect the host, leading to the poor outcome of diabetes in the setting of stroke. The results yield important clues to molecular mechanisms involved in the detrimental diabetic effect on stroke outcome.
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3
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Lažetić V, Batachari LE, Russell AB, Troemel ER. Similarities in the induction of the intracellular pathogen response in Caenorhabditis elegans and the type I interferon response in mammals. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300097. [PMID: 37667453 PMCID: PMC10694843 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the type-I interferon (IFN-I) response is considered vertebrate-specific, recent findings about the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans indicate that there are similarities between these two transcriptional immunological programs. The IPR is induced during infection with natural intracellular fungal and viral pathogens of the intestine and promotes resistance against these pathogens. Similarly, the IFN-I response is induced by viruses and other intracellular pathogens and promotes resistance against infection. Whether the IPR and the IFN-I response evolved in a divergent or convergent manner is an unanswered and exciting question, which could be addressed by further studies of immunity against intracellular pathogens in C. elegans and other simple host organisms. Here we highlight similar roles played by RIG-I-like receptors, purine metabolism enzymes, proteotoxic stressors, and transcription factors to induce the IPR and IFN-I response, as well as the similar consequences of these defense programs on organismal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lažetić
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Lakshmi E. Batachari
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alistair B. Russell
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emily R. Troemel
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Mancuso G, Bechi Genzano C, Fierabracci A, Fousteri G. Type 1 diabetes and inborn errors of immunity: Complete strangers or 2 sides of the same coin? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00427-X. [PMID: 37097271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease and does not follow a mendelian pattern. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), on the other hand, are caused by damaging germline variants, suggesting that T1D and IEIs have nothing in common. Some IEIs, resulting from mutations in genes regulating regulatory T-cell homeostasis, are associated with elevated incidence of T1D. The genetic spectrum of IEIs is gradually being unraveled; consequently, molecular pathways underlying human monogenic autoimmunity are being identified. There is an appreciable overlap between some of these pathways and the genetic variants that determine T1D susceptibility, suggesting that after all, IEI and T1D are 2 sides of the same coin. The study of monogenic IEIs with a variable incidence of T1D has the potential to provide crucial insights into the mechanisms leading to T1D. These insights contribute to the definition of T1D endotypes and explain disease heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the interconnected pathogenic pathways of autoimmunity, β-cell function, and primary immunodeficiency. We also examine the role of environmental factors in disease penetrance as well as the circumstantial evidence of IEI drugs in preventing and curing T1D in individuals with IEIs, suggesting the repositioning of these drugs also for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Mancuso
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Bechi Genzano
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Yang CL, Sun F, Wang FX, Rong SJ, Yue TT, Luo JH, Zhou Q, Wang CY, Liu SW. The interferon regulatory factors, a double-edged sword, in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104590. [PMID: 36030565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulted from the unrestrained inflammatory attack towards the insulin-producing islet β cells. Although the exact etiology underlying T1D remains elusive, viral infections, especially those specific strains of enterovirus, are acknowledged as a critical environmental cue involved in the early phase of disease initiation. Viral infections could either directly impede β cell function, or elicit pathological autoinflammatory reactions for β cell killing. Autoimmune responses are bolstered by a massive body of virus-derived exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the presence of β cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In particular, the nucleic acid components and the downstream nucleic acid sensing pathways serve as the major effector mechanism. The endogenous retroviral RNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genomic fragments generated by stressed or dying β cells induce host responses reminiscent of viral infection, a phenomenon termed as viral mimicry during the early stage of T1D development. Given that the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are considered as hub transcription factors to modulate immune responses relevant to viral infection, we thus sought to summarize the critical role of IRFs in T1D pathogenesis. We discuss with focus for the impact of IRFs on the sensitivity of β cells to cytokine stimulation, the vulnerability of β cells to viral infection/mimicry, and the intensity of immune response. Together, targeting certain IRF members, alone or together with other therapeutics, could be a promising strategy against T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fa-Xi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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6
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Oelen R, de Vries DH, Brugge H, Gordon MG, Vochteloo M, Ye CJ, Westra HJ, Franke L, van der Wijst MGP. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals widespread, context-specific gene expression regulation upon pathogenic exposure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3267. [PMID: 35672358 PMCID: PMC9174272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The host's gene expression and gene regulatory response to pathogen exposure can be influenced by a combination of the host's genetic background, the type of and exposure time to pathogens. Here we provide a detailed dissection of this using single-cell RNA-sequencing of 1.3M peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 120 individuals, longitudinally exposed to three different pathogens. These analyses indicate that cell-type-specificity is a more prominent factor than pathogen-specificity regarding contexts that affect how genetics influences gene expression (i.e., eQTL) and co-expression (i.e., co-expression QTL). In monocytes, the strongest responder to pathogen stimulations, 71.4% of the genetic variants whose effect on gene expression is influenced by pathogen exposure (i.e., response QTL) also affect the co-expression between genes. This indicates widespread, context-specific changes in gene expression level and its regulation that are driven by genetics. Pathway analysis on the CLEC12A gene that exemplifies cell-type-, exposure-time- and genetic-background-dependent co-expression interactions, shows enrichment of the interferon (IFN) pathway specifically at 3-h post-exposure in monocytes. Similar genetic background-dependent association between IFN activity and CLEC12A co-expression patterns is confirmed in systemic lupus erythematosus by in silico analysis, which implies that CLEC12A might be an IFN-regulated gene. Altogether, this study highlights the importance of context for gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of gene regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Oelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan H de Vries
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Brugge
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Grace Gordon
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martijn Vochteloo
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chun J Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique G P van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Dhayal S, Leslie KA, Baity M, Akhbari P, Richardson SJ, Russell MA, Morgan NG. Temporal regulation of interferon signalling in human EndoC-βH1 cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:299-313. [PMID: 35521765 PMCID: PMC9175560 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the development of type 1 diabetes, interferons (IFN) are elaborated from islet-infiltrating immune cells and/or from virally infected β-cells. They act via specific receptors to increase, acutely, the phosphorylation of the transcription factors STAT1 and 2. However, the longer-term impacts of chronic IFN stimulation are poorly understood and were investigated in the current study. Human EndoC-βH1 cells were treated with IFNα, IFNγ or IFNλ either acutely (<2 h) or chronically (≥24 h) and STAT phosphorylation, expression and activity were assessed by Western blotting and transcriptional reporter assays. Exposure of β-cells to IFNα or IFNλ induced a swift increase in the phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT2, whereas IFNγ increased only pSTAT1. Over more extended periods (≥24 h), STAT phosphorylation declined but STAT1 and STAT2 expression were enhanced in a sustained manner. All IFNs stimulated ISRE transcriptional activity (but with different time courses), whereas GAS activity was responsive only to IFNγ. The re-addition of a second bolus of IFNα, 24 h after an initial dose, failed to cause renewed STAT1/2 phosphorylation. By contrast, when IFNγ was added 24 h after exposure to IFNα, rapid STAT1 phosphorylation was re-initiated. Exposure of β-cells to IFNs leads to rapid, transient, STAT phosphorylation and to slower and more sustained increases in total STAT1/2 levels. The initial phosphorylation response is accompanied by marked desensitisation to the cognate agonist. Together, the results reveal that the response of β-cells to IFNs is regulated both temporally and quantitatively to achieve effective signal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kaiyven Afi Leslie
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mohammad Baity
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Pouria Akhbari
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark A Russell
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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8
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Yang W, Denger A, Diener C, Küppers F, Soriano-Baguet L, Schäfer G, Yanamandra AK, Zhao R, Knörck A, Schwarz EC, Hart M, Lammert F, Roma LP, Brenner D, Christidis G, Helms V, Meese E, Hoth M, Qu B. Unspecific CTL Killing Is Enhanced by High Glucose via TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831680. [PMID: 35265081 PMCID: PMC8899024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is expressed on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and TRAIL is linked to progression of diabetes. However, the impact of high glucose on TRAIL expression and its related killing function in CTLs still remains largely elusive. Here, we report that TRAIL is substantially up-regulated in CTLs in environments with high glucose (HG) both in vitro and in vivo. Non-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NFκB and PI3K/Akt are essential in HG-induced TRAIL upregulation in CTLs. TRAILhigh CTLs induce apoptosis of pancreatic beta cell line 1.4E7. Treatment with metformin and vitamin D reduces HG-enhanced expression of TRAIL in CTLs and coherently protects 1.4E7 cells from TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our work suggests that HG-induced TRAILhigh CTLs might contribute to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in a hyperglycemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yang
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Denger
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Küppers
- Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Soriano-Baguet
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gertrud Schäfer
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Archana K Yanamandra
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany.,Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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9
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Vig S, Lambooij JM, Dekkers MC, Otto F, Carlotti F, Guigas B, Zaldumbide A. ER stress promotes mitochondrial DNA mediated type-1 interferon response in beta-cells and interleukin-8 driven neutrophil chemotaxis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:991632. [PMID: 36171907 PMCID: PMC9511040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.991632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the combined effect of inflammation and recurrent autoimmunity. Accumulating evidence suggests the engagement of cellular stress during the initial stage of the disease, preceding destruction and triggering immune cell infiltration. While the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in this process has been largely described, the participation of the other cellular organelles, particularly the mitochondria which are central mediator for beta-cell survival and function, remains poorly investigated. Here, we have explored the contribution of ER stress, in activating type-I interferon signaling and innate immune cell recruitment. Using human beta-cell line EndoC-βH1 exposed to thapsigargin, we demonstrate that induction of cellular stress correlates with mitochondria dysfunction and a significant accumulation of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that triggers neutrophils migration by an IL8-dependent mechanism. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight on how ER stress can cause insulitis and may ultimately facilitate the identification of potential targets to protect beta-cells against immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Vig
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Zaldumbide, ; Saurabh Vig,
| | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette C. Dekkers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Zaldumbide, ; Saurabh Vig,
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10
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MBD2 acts as a repressor to maintain the homeostasis of the Th1 program in type 1 diabetes by regulating the STAT1-IFN-γ axis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:218-229. [PMID: 34420035 PMCID: PMC8738722 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2) interprets DNA methylome-encoded information through binding to the methylated CpG DNA, by which it regulates target gene expression at the transcriptional level. Although derailed DNA methylation has long been recognized to trigger or promote autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the exact role of MBD2 in T1D pathogenesis, however, remains poorly defined. Herein, we generated an Mbd2 knockout model in the NOD background and found that Mbd2 deficiency exacerbated the development of spontaneous T1D in NOD mice. Adoptive transfer of Mbd2-/- CD4 T cells into NOD.scid mice further confirmed the observation. Mechanistically, Th1 stimulation rendered the Stat1 promoter to undergo a DNA methylation turnover featured by the changes of DNA methylation levels or patterns along with the induction of MBD2 expression, which then bound to the methylated CpG DNA within the Stat1 promoter, by which MBD2 maintains the homeostasis of Th1 program to prevent autoimmunity. As a result, ectopic MBD2 expression alleviated CD4 T cell diabetogenicity following their adoptive transfer into NOD.scid mice. Collectively, our data suggest that MBD2 could be a viable target to develop epigenetic-based therapeutics against T1D in clinical settings.
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11
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Zhou N, Liu W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Zheng R, Zhang Y. Wip1 regulates the immunomodulatory effects of murine mesenchymal stem cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus via targeting IFN-α/BST2. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:326. [PMID: 34716317 PMCID: PMC8556269 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show significant therapeutic effects in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as regulating the inflammatory processes. However, little is known about the detailed process of MSCs immunosuppression in T1DM. In this study, we investigated the effects of wild-type p53-induce phosphatase 1 (Wip1) on regulating MSCs immunosuppressive capacities in T1DM mice. We found that Wip1 knockout (Wip1-/-) MSCs had lower therapeutic effects in T1DM mice, and displayed weaker immunosuppressive capability. In vivo distribution analysis results indicated thatWip1-/-MSCs could home to the damaged pancreas and increase the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17a (IL-17a), interferon-α(IFN-α), IFN-β, and IFN-γ, while decrease the expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, we confirmedWip1-/-MSCs exhibited weaker immunosuppressive capacity, as evidenced by enhanced expression of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2(BST2) and IFN-α. In conclusion, these results revealed Wip1 affects MSCs immunomodulation by regulating the expression of IFN-α/BST2. Our study uncovered that Wip1 is required to regulate the therapeutic effects of MSCs on T1DM treatment, indicating a novel role of Wip1 in MSCs immunoregulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Weijiang Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuanlin Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Rongxiu Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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12
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Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126360. [PMID: 34198614 PMCID: PMC8232320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous family of disorders characterized by a dysregulation of the innate immune system, in which sterile inflammation primarily develops through antigen-independent hyperactivation of immune pathways. In most cases, they have a strong genetic background, with mutations in single genes involved in inflammation. Therefore, they can derive from different pathogenic mechanisms at any level, such as dysregulated inflammasome-mediated production of cytokines, intracellular stress, defective regulatory pathways, altered protein folding, enhanced NF-kappaB signalling, ubiquitination disorders, interferon pathway upregulation and complement activation. Since the discover of pathogenic mutations of the pyrin-encoding gene MEFV in Familial Mediterranean Fever, more than 50 monogenic autoinflammatory diseases have been discovered thanks to the advances in genetic sequencing: the advent of new genetic analysis techniques and the discovery of genes involved in autoinflammatory diseases have allowed a better understanding of the underlying innate immunologic pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms, thus opening new perspectives in targeted therapies. Moreover, this field of research has become of great interest, since more than a hundred clinical trials for autoinflammatory diseases are currently active or recently concluded, allowing us to hope for considerable acquisitions for the next few years. General paediatricians need to be aware of the importance of this group of diseases and they should consider autoinflammatory diseases in patients with clinical hallmarks, in order to guide further examinations and refer the patient to a specialist rheumatologist. Here we resume the pathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnosis of the most important autoinflammatory diseases in children.
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Type I interferons as key players in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:1-80. [PMID: 33832648 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic islet inflammation (insulitis) and specific pancreatic β-cell destruction by an immune attack. Although the precise underlying mechanisms leading to the autoimmune assault remain poorly understood, it is well accepted that insulitis takes place in the context of a conflicting dialogue between pancreatic β-cells and the immune cells. Moreover, both host genetic background (i.e., candidate genes) and environmental factors (e.g., viral infections) contribute to this inadequate dialogue. Accumulating evidence indicates that type I interferons (IFNs), cytokines that are crucial for both innate and adaptive immune responses, act as key links between environmental and genetic risk factors in the development of T1D. This chapter summarizes some relevant pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and death, and briefly reviews how enteroviral infections and genetic susceptibility can impact insulitis. Moreover, we present the current evidence showing that, in β-cells, type I IFN signaling pathway activation leads to several outcomes, such as long-lasting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I hyperexpression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epigenetic changes, and induction of posttranscriptional as well as posttranslational modifications. MHC class I overexpression, when combined with ER stress and posttranscriptional/posttranslational modifications, might lead to sustained neoantigen presentation to immune system and β-cell apoptosis. This knowledge supports the concept that type I IFNs are implicated in the early stages of T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the promising therapeutic avenues for T1D treatment directed at type I IFN signaling pathway.
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14
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Li JY, Xiao J, Gao M, Zhou HF, Fan H, Sun F, Cui DD. IRF/Type I IFN signaling serves as a valuable therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107350. [PMID: 33444921 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by unresolved colitis and epithelial injury. Intestinal microbiota and its interaction with immune system are critical etiologic factors. In response to gut virome and bacteria derived nucleic acid, interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are activated to promote the production of cytokines, including type I interferons (IFN-Is), to help maintain intestinal homeostasis under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, derailed IRF/IFN-I pathway other-wisely contributes to the progression of IBD with distinct IRF member exerting differential regulatory effect. Here, we summarize the recent advances regarding the role of IRF/IFN-I pathway in the development of IBD. We emphasize that IFN-I is a double-edged sword in IBD pathogenesis, as IFN-Is are protective in acute colitis while becoming pro-inflammatory during the chronic recovery phase. Besides, the functional outcome of IRFs is diverse and complex, which hinges on the cell types affected and the presence of other immune mediators. All in all, IRF/IFN-I pathway serves as a versatile regulator in IBD pathogenesis and holds the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Gessani S, Belardelli F. Type I Interferons as Joint Regulators of Tumor Growth and Obesity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020196. [PMID: 33430520 PMCID: PMC7827047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity is a major public health and economic problem, as excess body weight represents a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases including cancer. Despite the strong scientific evidence for a link between obesity and cancer, the mechanisms involved in this interplay have not yet been fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of type I interferons, a family of antiviral cytokines with key roles in the regulation of both obesity and cancer, highlighting how the dysregulation of the interferon system can differently affect these pathological conditions. Abstract Type I interferons (IFN-I) are antiviral cytokines endowed with multiple biological actions, including antitumor activity. Studies in mouse models and cancer patients support the concept that endogenous IFN-I play important roles in the control of tumor development and growth as well as in response to several chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatments. While IFN-I signatures in the tumor microenvironment are often considered as biomarkers for a good prognostic response to antitumor therapies, prolonged IFN-I signaling can lead to immune dysfunction, thereby promoting pathogen or tumor persistence, thus revealing the “Janus face” of these cytokines in cancer control, likely depending on timing, tissue microenvironment and cumulative levels of IFN-I signals. Likewise, IFN-I exhibit different and even opposite effects on obesity, a pathologic condition linked to cancer development and growth. As an example, evidence obtained in mouse models shows that localized expression of IFN-I in the adipose tissue results in inhibition of diet–induced obesity, while hyper-production of these cytokines by specialized cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the same tissue, can induce systemic inflammatory responses leading to obesity. Further studies in mouse models and humans should reveal the mechanisms by which IFN-I can regulate both tumor growth and obesity and to understand the role of factors such as genetic background, diet and microbioma in shaping the production and action of these cytokines under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
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16
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Tahbaz M, Yoshihara E. Immune Protection of Stem Cell-Derived Islet Cell Therapy for Treating Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:716625. [PMID: 34447354 PMCID: PMC8382875 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.716625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin injection is currently the main therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) or late stage of severe type 2 diabetes (T2D). Human pancreatic islet transplantation confers a significant improvement in glycemic control and prevents life-threatening severe hypoglycemia in T1D patients. However, the shortage of cadaveric human islets limits their therapeutic potential. In addition, chronic immunosuppression, which is required to avoid rejection of transplanted islets, is associated with severe complications, such as an increased risk of malignancies and infections. Thus, there is a significant need for novel approaches to the large-scale generation of functional human islets protected from autoimmune rejection in order to ensure durable graft acceptance without immunosuppression. An important step in addressing this need is to strengthen our understanding of transplant immune tolerance mechanisms for both graft rejection and autoimmune rejection. Engineering of functional human pancreatic islets that can avoid attacks from host immune cells would provide an alternative safe resource for transplantation therapy. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a potentially limitless supply of cells because of their self-renewal ability and pluripotency. Therefore, studying immune tolerance induction in hPSC-derived human pancreatic islets will directly contribute toward the goal of generating a functional cure for insulin-dependent diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the current progress in the immune protection of stem cell-derived islet cell therapy for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Tahbaz
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eiji Yoshihara,
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17
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Blum SI, Tse HM. Innate Viral Sensor MDA5 and Coxsackievirus Interplay in Type 1 Diabetes Development. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070993. [PMID: 32635205 PMCID: PMC7409145 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. The concordance rate for T1D in monozygotic twins is ≈30-50%, indicating that environmental factors also play a role in T1D development. Previous studies have demonstrated that enterovirus infections such as coxsackievirus type B (CVB) are associated with triggering T1D. Prior to autoantibody development in T1D, viral RNA and antibodies against CVB can be detected within the blood, stool, and pancreata. An innate pathogen recognition receptor, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), which is encoded by the IFIH1 gene, has been associated with T1D onset. It is unclear how single nucleotide polymorphisms in IFIH1 alter the structure and function of MDA5 that may lead to exacerbated antiviral responses contributing to increased T1D-susceptibility. Binding of viral dsRNA via MDA5 induces synthesis of antiviral proteins such as interferon-alpha and -beta (IFN-α/β). Viral infection and subsequent IFN-α/β synthesis can lead to ER stress within insulin-producing β-cells causing neo-epitope generation, activation of β-cell-specific autoreactive T cells, and β-cell destruction. Therefore, an interplay between genetics, enteroviral infections, and antiviral responses may be critical for T1D development.
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18
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Pang H, Luo S, Huang G, Xia Y, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Advances in Knowledge of Candidate Genes Acting at the Beta-Cell Level in the Pathogenesis of T1DM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 32226409 PMCID: PMC7080653 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus), which results from the irreversible elimination of beta-cells mediated by autoreactive T cells, is defined as an autoimmune disease. It is widely accepted that T1DM is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. To date, more than 50 genetic risk regions contributing to the pathogenesis of T1DM have been identified by GWAS (genome-wide association studies). Notably, more than 60% of the identified candidate genes are expressed in islets and beta-cells, which makes it plausible that these genes act at the beta-cell level and play a key role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. In this review, we focus on the current status of candidate genes that act at the beta-cell level by regulating the innate immune response and antiviral activity, affecting susceptibility to proapoptotic stimuli and influencing the pancreatic beta-cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Pang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoming Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguo Xie
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Zhiguang Zhou
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19
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A virus-encoded type I interferon decoy receptor enables evasion of host immunity through cell-surface binding. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5440. [PMID: 30575728 PMCID: PMC6303335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble cytokine decoy receptors are potent immune modulatory reagents with therapeutic applications. Some virus-encoded secreted cytokine receptors interact with glycosaminoglycans expressed at the cell surface, but the biological significance of this activity in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we show the type I interferon binding protein (IFNα/βBP) encoded by vaccinia and ectromelia viruses requires of this cell binding activity to confer full virulence to these viruses and to retain immunomodulatory activity. Expression of a variant form of the IFNα/βBP that inhibits IFN activity, but does not interact with cell surface glycosaminoglycans, results in highly attenuated viruses with a virulence similar to that of the IFNα/βBP deletion mutant viruses. Transcriptomics analysis and infection of IFN receptor-deficient mice confirmed that the control of IFN activity is the main function of the IFNα/βBP in vivo. We propose that retention of secreted cytokine receptors at the cell surface may largely enhance their immunomodulatory activity.
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20
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Singh T, Sarmiento L, Luan C, Prasad RB, Johansson J, Cataldo LR, Renström E, Soneji S, Cilio C, Artner I. MafA Expression Preserves Immune Homeostasis in Human and Mouse Islets. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120644. [PMID: 30567413 PMCID: PMC6315686 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are triggered by a combination of environmental and/or genetic factors. Maf transcription factors regulate pancreatic beta (β)-cell function, and have also been implicated in the regulation of immunomodulatory cytokines like interferon-β (IFNβ1). In this study, we assessed MAFA and MAFB co-expression with pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling genes in RNA-seq data from human pancreatic islets. Interestingly, MAFA expression was strongly negatively correlated with cytokine-induced signaling (such as IFNAR1, DDX58) and T1D susceptibility genes (IFIH1), whereas correlation of these genes with MAFB was weaker. In order to evaluate if the loss of MafA altered the immune status of islets, MafA deficient mouse islets (MafA−/−) were assessed for inherent anti-viral response and susceptibility to enterovirus infection. MafA deficient mouse islets had elevated basal levels of Ifnβ1, Rig1 (DDX58 in humans), and Mda5 (IFIH1) which resulted in reduced virus propagation in response to coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Moreover, an acute knockdown of MafA in β-cell lines also enhanced Rig1 and Mda5 protein levels. Our results suggest that precise regulation of MAFA levels is critical for islet cell-specific cytokine production, which is a critical parameter for the inflammatory status of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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21
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Wanve M, Kaur H, Sarmah D, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Vats K, Kalia K, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Therapeutic spectrum of interferon-β in ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:116-127. [PMID: 30320448 PMCID: PMC7167007 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is devastating and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, only clot retrieval devices and/or intravenous tissue plasminogen activators (tPA) have been approved by the US-FDA for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective treatment for stroke that can have limited shortcomings and broad spectrum of applications. Interferon-beta (IFN-β), an endogenous cytokine and a key anti-inflammatory agent, contributes toward obviating deleterious stroke outcomes. Therefore, exploring the role of IFN-β may be a promising alternative approach for stroke intervention in the future. In the present review, we have discussed about IFN-β along with its different mechanistic roles in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches targeting the inflammatory cascade with IFN-β therapy that may be helpful in improving stroke outcome are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and BioinformaticsAssam UniversitySilcharIndia
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)GandhinagarIndia
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22
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Hu R, Xia CQ, Butfiloski E, Clare-Salzler M. Effect of high glucose on cytokine production by human peripheral blood immune cells and type I interferon signaling in monocytes: Implications for the role of hyperglycemia in the diabetes inflammatory process and host defense against infection. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:139-148. [PMID: 29894743 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major metabolic feature of diabetes is hyperglycemia which has been linked to the diabetes inflammatory processes, and diabetes-related vulnerability to infection. In the present study, we assessed how glucose affected PBMCs in type I interferon (IFN) production and subsequent signaling. We found that the moderately elevated glucose promoted, and high glucose suppressed type I IFN production, respectively. Pre-exposure to high glucose rendered monocytes more sensitive to IFN-α stimulation with heightened signaling, whereas, instantaneous addition of high glucose did not exhibit such effect. Consistent with this finding, the mRNA levels of IFN-α-induced IRF-7 in PBMCs were positively correlated with HbA1c levels of diabetes patients. Additionally, we found that high glucose promoted the production of other proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. This study suggests that hyperglycemia may affect the inflammatory process in diabetes via promoting proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the host defense against microbial infections through impeding type I IFN production and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chang-Qing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Edward Butfiloski
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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