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Hidalgo D, Bejder J, Pop R, Gellatly K, Hwang Y, Maxwell Scalf S, Eastman AE, Chen JJ, Zhu LJ, Heuberger JAAC, Guo S, Koury MJ, Nordsborg NB, Socolovsky M. EpoR stimulates rapid cycling and larger red cells during mouse and human erythropoiesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7334. [PMID: 34921133 PMCID: PMC8683474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythroid terminal differentiation program couples sequential cell divisions with progressive reductions in cell size. The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is essential for erythroblast survival, but its other functions are not well characterized. Here we use Epor-/- mouse erythroblasts endowed with survival signaling to identify novel non-redundant EpoR functions. We find that, paradoxically, EpoR signaling increases red cell size while also increasing the number and speed of erythroblast cell cycles. EpoR-regulation of cell size is independent of established red cell size regulation by iron. High erythropoietin (Epo) increases red cell size in wild-type mice and in human volunteers. The increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) outlasts the duration of Epo treatment and is not the result of increased reticulocyte number. Our work shows that EpoR signaling alters the relationship between cycling and cell size. Further, diagnostic interpretations of increased MCV should now include high Epo levels and hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Bejder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Gellatly
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yung Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - S Maxwell Scalf
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna E Eastman
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jane-Jane Chen
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Shangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark J Koury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Merav Socolovsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Identification of the transcription factor MAZ as a regulator of erythropoiesis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3002-3015. [PMID: 34351390 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis requires a combination of ubiquitous and tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs). Here, through DNA affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry, we have identified the widely expressed protein MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger) as a TF that binds to the promoter of the erythroid-specific human α-globin gene. Genome-wide mapping in primary human erythroid cells revealed that MAZ also occupies active promoters as well as GATA1-bound enhancer elements of key erythroid genes. Consistent with an important role during erythropoiesis, knockdown of MAZ reduces α-globin expression in K562 cells and impairs differentiation in primary human erythroid cells. Genetic variants in the MAZ locus are associated with changes in clinically important human erythroid traits. Taken together, these findings reveal the zinc-finger TF MAZ to be a previously unrecognized regulator of the erythroid differentiation program.
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Targeted Sequencing Identifies the Genetic Variants Associated with High-altitude Polycythemia in the Tibetan Population. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:556-565. [PMID: 35747576 PMCID: PMC9209555 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is characterized by excessive proliferation of erythrocytes, resulting from the hypobaric hypoxia condition in high altitude. The genetic variants and molecular mechanisms of HAPC remain unclear in highlanders. We recruited 141 Tibetan dwellers, including 70 HAPC patients and 71 healthy controls, to detect the possible genetic variants associated with the disease; and performed targeted sequencing on 529 genes associated with the oxygen metabolism and erythrocyte regulation, utilized unconditional logistic regression analysis and GO (gene ontology) analysis to investigate the genetic variations of HAPC. We identified 12 single nucleotide variants, harbored in 12 genes, associated with the risk of HAPC (4.7 ≤ odd ratios ≤ 13.6; 7.6E − 08 ≤ p-value ≤ 1E − 04). The pathway enrichment study of these genes indicated the three pathways, the PI3K-AKT pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, and HIF-1 pathway, are essential, which p-values as 3.70E − 08, 1.28 E − 07, and 3.98 E − 06, respectively. We are hopeful that our results will provide a reference for the etiology research of HAPC. However, additional genetic risk factors and functional investigations are necessary to confirm our results further.
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Harman CCD, Bailis W, Zhao J, Hill L, Qu R, Jackson RP, Shyer JA, Steach HR, Kluger Y, Goff LA, Rinn JL, Williams A, Henao-Mejia J, Flavell RA. An in vivo screen of noncoding loci reveals that Daedalus is a gatekeeper of an Ikaros-dependent checkpoint during haematopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e1918062118. [PMID: 33446502 PMCID: PMC7826330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis relies on tightly controlled gene expression patterns as development proceeds through a series of progenitors. While the regulation of hematopoietic development has been well studied, the role of noncoding elements in this critical process is a developing field. In particular, the discovery of new regulators of lymphopoiesis could have important implications for our understanding of the adaptive immune system and disease. Here we elucidate how a noncoding element is capable of regulating a broadly expressed transcription factor, Ikaros, in a lymphoid lineage-specific manner, such that it imbues Ikaros with the ability to specify the lymphoid lineage over alternate fates. Deletion of the Daedalus locus, which is proximal to Ikaros, led to a severe reduction in early lymphoid progenitors, exerting control over the earliest fate decisions during lymphoid lineage commitment. Daedalus locus deletion led to alterations in Ikaros isoform expression and a significant reduction in Ikaros protein. The Daedalus locus may function through direct DNA interaction as Hi-C analysis demonstrated an interaction between the two loci. Finally, we identify an Ikaros-regulated erythroid-lymphoid checkpoint that is governed by Daedalus in a lymphoid-lineage-specific manner. Daedalus appears to act as a gatekeeper of Ikaros's broad lineage-specifying functions, selectively stabilizing Ikaros activity in the lymphoid lineage and permitting diversion to the erythroid fate in its absence. These findings represent a key illustration of how a transcription factor with broad lineage expression must work in concert with noncoding elements to orchestrate hematopoietic lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C D Harman
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Will Bailis
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Louisa Hill
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ruaidhrí P Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Justin A Shyer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Holly R Steach
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Loyal A Goff
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - John L Rinn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Multiple myeloma hinders erythropoiesis and causes anaemia owing to high levels of CCL3 in the bone marrow microenvironment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20508. [PMID: 33239656 PMCID: PMC7689499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaemia is the most common complication of myeloma and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Although marrow replacement with myeloma cells is widely considered a mechanistic rationale for anaemia, the exact process has not been fully understood. Our large cohort of 1363 myeloma patients had more than 50% of patients with moderate or severe anaemia at the time of diagnosis. Anaemia positively correlated with myeloma cell infiltration in the bone marrow (BM) and worse patient outcomes. The quantity and erythroid differentiation of HSPCs were affected by myeloma cell infiltration in the BM. The master regulators of erythropoiesis, GATA1 and KLF1, were obviously downregulated in myeloma HSPCs. However, the gene encoding the chemokine CCL3 showed significantly upregulated expression. Elevated CCL3 in the BM plasma of myeloma further inhibited the erythropoiesis of HSPCs via activation of CCL3/CCR1/p38 signalling and suppressed GATA1 expression. Treatment with a CCR1 antagonist effectively recovered GATA1 expression and rescued erythropoiesis in HSPCs. Myeloma cell infiltration causes elevated expression of CCL3 in BM, which suppresses the erythropoiesis of HSPCs and results in anaemia by downregulating the level of GATA1 in HSPCs. Thus, our study indicates that targeting CCL3 would be a potential strategy against anaemia and improve the survival of myeloma patients.
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Molecular basis of β thalassemia and potential therapeutic targets. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 70:54-65. [PMID: 28651846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable phenotypic diversity of β thalassemia that range from severe anemia and transfusion-dependency, to a clinically asymptomatic state exemplifies how a spectrum of disease severity can be generated in single gene disorders. While the genetic basis for β thalassemia, and how severity of the anemia could be modified at different levels of its pathophysiology have been well documented, therapy remains largely supportive with bone marrow transplant being the only cure. Identification of the genetic variants modifying fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in combination with α globin genotype provide some prediction of disease severity for β thalassemia but generation of a personalized genetic risk score to inform prognosis and guide management requires a larger panel of genetic modifiers yet to be discovered. Nonetheless, genetic studies have been successful in characterizing the key variants and pathways involved in HbF regulation, providing new therapeutic targets for HbF reactivation. BCL11A has been established as a quantitative repressor, and progress has been made in manipulating its expression using genomic and gene-editing approaches for therapeutic benefits. Recent discoveries and understanding in the mechanisms associated with ineffective and abnormal erythropoiesis have also provided additional therapeutic targets, a couple of which are currently being tested in clinical trials.
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