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Uc A, Lowe ME. What's in the life of children with chronic pancreatitis? Pancreatology 2024; 24:815-816. [PMID: 39168773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Stead Family Children's Hospital, IA, USA.
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Agrawal A, Srivastava A, Mishra P, Malik R, Agrawal V, Raj A, Sarma MS, Poddar U, Bhat NK. "Quality of life is impaired in children with chronic pancreatitis: A multicenter study". Pancreatology 2024; 24:817-826. [PMID: 38937206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The impact of chronic pancreatitis (CP) on quality of life (QOL) of children is not well established. Our objective was to evaluate the QOL, identify contributing factors, and determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in children with CP in India. METHODS Children (8-18y old) with CP were prospectively enrolled across three pediatric gastroenterology centres in India. QOL was assessed using the pediatric QOL inventory (PedsQL 4.0) scale, administered to both children and their parents. Anxiety and depression was studied using the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS 25). Contributing factors were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. The data was compared against published QOL data in healthy Indian children. RESULTS 121 children with CP (boys-57.9 %, age at QOL-14 ± 3.2years) were enrolled. A majority (82.7 %) had pain and advanced disease (Cambridge grade IV- 63.6 %). Children with CP had poorer QOL compared to controls (total score 74.6 ± 16 vs. 87.5 ± 11.1, p < 0.0001). QOL scores were similar across centres. Older children were similar to younger ones, except for a poorer emotional QOL. Taking QOL < -2 standard deviation (SD) of controls, ∼35 % had poor physical (50.9 ± 11.9) and 20 % had poor psychosocial (PS) QOL score (52.1 ± 7.2). On analysis, presence of pain and lower socio-economic status (SES) adversely affected both physical and PS-QOL. Additionally, girls had poorer PS-QOL than boys (Odds ratio 3.1, 95%CI:1.23-7.31). Anxiety and depression were uncommon (2,1.6 %). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CP had impaired physical and psycho-social QOL. Presence of pain and lower SES adversely affected QOL. Psychiatric comorbidities were uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agrawal
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biostatistics and Health informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohan Malik
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhil Raj
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Moinak Sen Sarma
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ujjal Poddar
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nowneet Kumar Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Skipper MT, Birkebæk N, Jensen RB, Rank CU, Tuckuviene R, Wehner PS, Lambine TL, Hørlyck A, Schmiegelow K, Frandsen TL, Andrés-Jensen L, Albertsen BK. Pancreas-related persisting sequelae in ALL survivors with a history of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis: A part of the ALL-STAR study. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:944-956. [PMID: 38351310 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) occurs in up to 18% of patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, long-term sequelae are largely unexplored. We aimed to explore pancreatic sequelae among ALL survivors with and without AAP. METHODS We investigated pancreatic sequelae in a national cohort of ALL survivors, aged 1-45 years at ALL diagnosis treated according to the NOPHO-ALL2008 protocol and included sex- and age-matched community controls. RESULTS We included 368 survivors (median follow-up 6.9 years), including 47 survivors with AAP and 369 controls. The p-lipase and p-pancreas-type amylase levels were lower in AAP survivors compared with both non-AAP survivors (Medians: 23 U/L [IQR 14-32] and 18 U/L [IQR 10-25] versus 29 [IQR 24-35] and 22 [17-28], p < .001 and p = .002) and community controls (28 U/L [IQR 22-33] and 21 U/L [IQR 17-26], both p < .006). Fecal-elastase was more frequently reduced in AAP survivors compared with non-AAP survivors (7/31 vs. 4/144, p = .001). Persisting pancreatic sequelae were found in 15/47 of AAP survivors and 20/323 of non-AAP survivors (p < .001), including diabetes mellitus in 2/39 of AAP survivors and 2/273 of non-AAP survivors. CONCLUSIONS ALL survivors with AAP are at increased risk of persisting pancreatic dysfunction and require special attention during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Tiedemann Skipper
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Birkebæk
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Beck Jensen
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Utke Rank
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruta Tuckuviene
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peder Skov Wehner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine-Lise Lambine
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Hørlyck
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Leth Frandsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mary Elizabeths Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Andrés-Jensen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klug Albertsen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Skipper MT, Albertsen BK, Schmiegelow K, Andrés-Jensen L. Long-term effects of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023:e30528. [PMID: 37376950 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a common and severe toxicity that occurs during asparaginase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and has received increasing attention during the last decades. However, no consensus regarding follow-up exists. In this commentary, we highlight potential long-term health-related effects following asparaginase-associated pancreatitis, thereby providing clinicians with a framework when following these patients during and after cessation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Tiedemann Skipper
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klug Albertsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Andrés-Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pediatric-to-Adult Transfer of Care in Patients With Pancreas Disease: Recommendations for Care and Research Opportunities. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:443-451. [PMID: 35862827 PMCID: PMC10147498 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Young adults who have experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis as children or adolescents are vulnerable to poor follow-up and disease management during the transfer from the pediatric to adult healthcare system. Although formalized transition programs for young adults have been developed and described for other disease conditions, no such program has been described for young adults with pancreatic disease. This document is the first expert opinion outlining the important aspects of a transitional care and transfer program tailored to youth with recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis. We emphasize the unique needs of these patients as they transfer to adult health care and the need for further research. The goal of improved transitional care and transfer is to enhance the services provided to adolescents/young adults with pancreatic disease in both healthcare settings and improve continuity of follow-up care.
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Nasr A, Hornung L, Thompson T, Lin TK, Vitale DS, Nathan JD, Varni JW, Abu-El-Haija M. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Impact on Quality of Life at 1-Year Follow-Up of Initial Attack of Acute Pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:199-205. [PMID: 36705700 PMCID: PMC9886336 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following the first time occurrence of acute pancreatitis (AP) and to measure the impact of the episode on patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL) from the perspectives of patients and parents. METHODS Questionnaires regarding GI symptoms 1 year following the initial occurrence of AP were obtained from 74 pediatric patients. Thirty of these patients completed both the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales. These data were compared to legacy-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Children with a standalone occurrence of AP experienced a similar rate of GI symptoms compared to those who progressed to acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) within 1 year. PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales scores were significantly lower for children self-report and parent proxy-report for patients that experienced AP compared to healthy controls. AP patients also demonstrated significantly more symptoms than healthy controls in the Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales across multiple domains. CONCLUSIONS Gastrointestinal symptoms affect many children who experience a single AP event even without recurrent attacks. The burden of symptoms is not significantly different from those who develop ARP. This is a novel study that evaluates patient-reported outcomes in children following an AP attack and demonstrates there is a significant impact on HRQOL in children and family experiences post AP. More data are needed to study the progression of disease and the extended impact of AP following an initial AP attack in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nasr
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Hornung
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tyler Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tom K. Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David S. Vitale
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jaimie D. Nathan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James W. Varni
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, Ohio
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Febo-Rodriguez L, Chumpitazi BP, Musaad S, Sher AC, Varni JW, Shulman RJ. Gastrointestinal Symptoms Profile in Pediatric Patients With Gastroparesis Compared to Healthy Controls. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:151-158. [PMID: 35653378 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to compare the patient-reported gastrointestinal symptoms profiles of pediatric patients with gastroparesis to matched healthy controls using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales. The secondary objectives were to compare pediatric patients with gastroparesis to pediatric patients with gastroparesis-like symptoms and normal gastric emptying and to compare pediatric patients with gastroparesis-like symptoms and normal gastric emptying to matched healthy controls. METHODS The PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales were completed by 64 pediatric patients with gastroparesis, 59 pediatric patients with gastroparesis-like symptoms and normal gastric emptying, and 200 age, gender, and race/ethnicity matched healthy controls. The PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales encompass 10 individual multi-item scales which measure stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, nausea and vomiting, gas and bloating, constipation, blood in poop, and diarrhea/fecal incontinence. Based on gastric emptying scintigraphy testing, those with abnormal gastric retention were classified as having gastroparesis. RESULTS The gastrointestinal symptoms profile analysis identified large differences between those with gastroparesis compared to healthy controls (most P <0.001), with the largest effect sizes for upper gastrointestinal symptoms including stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, nausea, and vomiting. Those with gastroparesis self-reported similar gastrointestinal symptoms to those with normal gastric emptying, except for increased constipation. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with gastroparesis self-reported broad multidimensional gastrointestinal symptoms profiles in comparison to healthy controls with large differences, indicating the critical need for more highly efficacious interventions to bring patient functioning within the normal range of healthy functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Chumpitazi
- the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- the Department of Pediatric Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Salma Musaad
- the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- the Department of Pediatric Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew C Sher
- the Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX
| | - James W Varni
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Robert J Shulman
- the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- the Department of Pediatric Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Tham SW, Wang F, Gariepy CE, Cress GA, Abu-El-Haija MA, Bellin MD, Ellery KM, Fishman DS, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Lin TK, Maqbool A, McFerron BA, Morinville VD, Nathan JD, Ooi CY, Perito ER, Schwarzenberg SJ, Sellers ZM, Shah U, Troendle DM, Wilschanski M, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Lowe ME, Uc A, Palermo TM. Health-Related Quality of Life in Pediatric Acute Recurrent or Chronic Pancreatitis: Association With Biopsychosocial Risk Factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:636-642. [PMID: 35192575 PMCID: PMC9117452 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abdominal pain, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations impact lives of children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in this population, however, remains limited. We aimed to evaluate HRQOL in children with ARP or CP; and test biopsychosocial risk factors associated with low HRQOL. METHODS Data were acquired from the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE registry. Baseline demographic and clinical questionnaires, the Child Health Questionnaire (measures HRQOL) and Child Behavior Checklist (measures emotional and behavioral functioning) were completed at enrollment. RESULTS The sample included 368 children (54.3% girls, mean age = 12.7years, standard deviation [SD] = 3.3); 65.2% had ARP and 34.8% with CP. Low physical HRQOL (M = 38.5, SD = 16.0) was demonstrated while psychosocial HRQOL (M = 49.5, SD = 10.2) was in the normative range. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems (B = -10.28, P < 0.001), episodic and constant abdominal pain (B = 04.66, P = 0.03; B = -13.25, P < 0.001) were associated with low physical HRQOL, after accounting for ARP/CP status, age, sex, exocrine, and endocrine disease (F [9, 271] = 8.34, P < 0.001). Borderline and clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems (B = -10.18, P < 0.001; B = -15.98, P < 0.001), and constant pain (B = -4.46, P < 0.001) were associated with low psychosocial HRQOL (F [9, 271] = 17.18, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of assessing HRQOL and treating pain and psychosocial problems in this vulnerable group of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wan Tham
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Fuchenchu Wang
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gretchen A Cress
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Maisam A Abu-El-Haija
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Melena D Bellin
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kate M Ellery
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas S Fishman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Tom K Lin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian A McFerron
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales and Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily R Perito
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Uzma Shah
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Yuhua Zheng
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ying Yuan
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Multidisciplinary Approach to the Care of Children With Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis and Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2022; 51:256-260. [PMID: 35584383 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to provide guidance to centers and organizations on the personnel (both physician and nonphysician) needed to create and sustain an optimal team, along with potential alternatives, to provide care to children with acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. METHODS This document was developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Pancreas Committee and the National Pancreas Foundation (NPF) after several meetings. RESULTS This document highlights both physician and nonphysician personnel needed to provide multidisciplinary care to children with pancreatitis per the recommendation of the NASPGHAN Pancreas Committee members in year 2021 and added to the currently published NPF criteria. We summarize how the NPF criteria would fit with the recently published pediatric pancreatitis society articles from the NASPGHAN. CONCLUSIONS It is important to manage children with acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis in a multidisciplinary setting. There is need to study the impact of these personnel on the outcomes of children with pancreatitis.
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Perito ER, Pohl JF, Bakker C, Armfield MA, Barth B, Cuneo A, Mascarenhas M, Mehta M, Schwarzenberg SJ. Outpatient Pain Management in Children With Chronic Pancreatitis: A Scoping Systematic Review. Pancreas 2022; 51:135-147. [PMID: 35404888 PMCID: PMC9009154 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although pain management is central to pediatric chronic pancreatitis (CP) care, no evidence-based guidelines exist. In this scoping systematic review, we sought promising strategies for CP pain treatment in children. METHODS We systematically reviewed literature on pain management in children and adults with CP, and 2 conditions with similar pain courses: juvenile idiopathic arthritis and sickle cell disease. RESULTS Of 8997 studies identified, 287 met inclusion criteria. There are no published studies of analgesic medications, antioxidants, dietary modification, integrative medicine, or regional nerve blocks in children with CP. In adults with CP, studies of nonopioid analgesics, pancreatic enzymes, and dietary interventions have mixed results. Retrospective studies suggest that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and surgical procedures, most durably total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplant, improve pain for children with CP. Follow-up was short relative to a child's life. Large studies in adults also suggest benefit from endoscopic therapy and surgery, but lack conclusive evidence about optimal procedure or timing. Studies on other painful pediatric chronic illnesses revealed little generalizable to children with CP. CONCLUSIONS No therapy had sufficient high-quality studies to warrant untempered, evidence-based support for use in children with CP. Multicenter studies are needed to identify pain management "best practices."
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John F. Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Matthew A. Armfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bradley Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern and Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Addison Cuneo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Maria Mascarenhas
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia/University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Megha Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern and Children’s Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX
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Abstract
Pediatric pancreatitis describes a spectrum covering acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis, each with varying clinical manifestations and risk factors requiring a tailored diagnostic approach. We emphasize management strategies based on age, risk factors, recurrence, and complications. A discussion of the role of therapeutic endoscopy is reviewed and highlights the growing role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children with pancreatitis. Particular diagnostic challenges in autoimmune pancreatitis are reviewed with an emphasis on differentiating this entity from alternate pancreaticobiliary pathologies. Finally, we explore a multidisciplinary approach to acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Zev Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - A Jay Freeman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Pain resolution and glucose control in pediatric patients with chronic pancreatitis after total pancreatectomy with islet auto-transplantation. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1383-1392. [PMID: 34245339 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis (CP) and acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) in pediatric patients are strongly associated with genetic mutations and lead to pan-parenchymal disease refractory to medical and endoscopic treatment. Our aim was to assess pain resolution and glucose control in patients with CP and ARP following total pancreatectomy with islet auto-transplantation (TPIAT). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected clinical data of 12 children who developed CP and ARP and underwent TPIAT when 21 years old or younger at the University of Chicago between December 2009 and June 2020. Patients with recurrent or persistent abdominal pain attributed to acute or chronic pancreatic inflammation and a history of medical interventions attempted for the relief of pancreatic pain were selected by a multi-disciplinary team for TPIAT. We followed patients post-operatively and reported data for pre-TPIAT, post-operative day 75, and yearly post-TPIAT. RESULTS All 12 patients experienced complete resolution of pancreatic pain. The overall insulin-independence rate after 1 year was 66% (8/12) and 50% (3/6) at 4 years. Shorter duration of CP/ARP pre-TPIAT, higher mass of islets infused, and lower BMI, BMI percentile, and BSA were associated with insulin-independence post-TPIAT. CONCLUSIONS TPIAT is a viable treatment option for pediatric patients with CP and ARP. Pediatric patients undergoing TPIAT for CP achieved resolution of pancreatic-type pain and reduced opioid requirements. The majority were able to achieve insulin-independence which was associated with lower pre-TPIAT BMI and higher islet mass transplanted (i.e., over 2000 IEQ/kg), the latter of which can be achieved by earlier TPIAT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Treatment study, Level IV.
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Uc A, Andersen DK, Apkarian AV, Bellin MD, Colloca L, Drewes AM, Dunbar EK, Forsmark CE, Goodman MT, Kapural L, Koob GF, Palermo TM, Pandol SJ, Pasricha P, Phillips AE, Piomelli D, Saloman JL, Schwarzenberg SJ, Singh VK, Sowa G, Strouse T, Treisman GJ, Windsor JA, Yadav D. Pancreatic Pain-Knowledge Gaps and Research Opportunities in Children and Adults: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2021; 50:906-915. [PMID: 34643606 PMCID: PMC10273134 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities in pancreatic pain. The event was held on July 21, 2021, and structured into 4 sessions: (1) pathophysiology; (2) biomarkers, mediators, and pharmacology of pain; (3) pain assessment; and (4) pain treatment challenges and opportunities. The current state of knowledge was reviewed; many knowledge gaps and research needs were identified that require further investigation. Common themes included the need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of pain in pancreatic diseases, the relationship of visceral neural pathways and central pain centers, the role of behavioral factors and disorders on the perception of pain, and differences in pain perception and processes in children when compared with adults. In addition, the role of genetic risk factors for pain and the mechanisms and role of placebos in pain treatment were discussed. Methods of pain assessment including quantitative sensory testing were examined, as well as the process of central sensitization of pain. Finally, newer approaches to pain management including cognitive behavioral therapy, nerve stimulation, experimental (nonopioid) drugs, and cannabinoid compounds were covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology and Nutrition, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Vania Apkarian
- Departments of Physiology, Anesthesiology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher E Forsmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pankaj Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anna E Phillips
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Biological Chemistry, and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jami L Saloman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas Strouse
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Glenn J Treisman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
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Freeman AJ, Maqbool A, Bellin MD, Goldschneider KR, Grover AS, Hartzell C, Piester TL, Szabo F, Kiernan BD, Khalaf R, Kumar R, Rios M, Husain SZ, Morinville VD, Abu-El-Haija M. Medical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis in Children: A Position Paper by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Pancreas Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:324-340. [PMID: 33230082 PMCID: PMC8054312 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This position paper summarizes the current understanding of the medical management of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children in light of the existing medical literature, incorporating recent advances in understanding of nutrition, pain, lifestyle considerations, and sequelae of CP. This article complements and is intended to integrate with parallel position papers on endoscopic and surgical aspects of CP in children. Concepts and controversies related to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), the use of antioxidants and other CP medical therapies are also reviewed. Highlights include inclusion of tools for medical decision-making for PERT, CP-related diabetes, and multimodal pain management (including an analgesia ladder). Gaps in our understanding of CP in children and avenues for further investigations are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jay Freeman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Amit S. Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cheryl Hartzell
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Travis L. Piester
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Flora Szabo
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Bridget Dowd Kiernan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Racha Khalaf
- Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Promedica Toledo Children’s Hospital, Toledo, OH
| | - Mirta Rios
- Food and Nutrition Department, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, and the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Veronique D. Morinville
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Abstract
Children with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis experience severe abdominal pain that may be intermittent or chronic. Pain is often debilitating, causing interference with academic, social, family, and extracurricular activities that are important to youth. Disruption of these routines and the unpredictability of pain flares place children with pancreatitis at increased risk for development of anxious or depressive symptoms. Pediatric psychologists trained in cognitive-behavioral treatment are well suited to intervene on functional disability and mood disturbance, as well as teach coping skills. In an era where there is movement away from opioids, nonpharmacological strategies have an important place for pain management. In fact, positive outcomes following for children with other recurrent abdominal pain syndromes have been reported for this evidence-based intervention. In addition to pain management, pediatric psychologists can address other co-occurring behavioral and emotional problems in children with pancreatitis, such as needle phobia and poor adherence to the prescribed medical regimen.
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Health-Related Quality of Life in Children With Chronic Illness Compared to Parents: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Phys Ther 2019; 31:315-322. [PMID: 31568372 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review is to identify quality-of-life issues that affect participation in age-appropriate activities in chronically ill children, as reported by the children and their families. SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS Social and emotional functioning scores on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 were found to have the greatest frequency of poor agreement between parents and children in 4 of the 6 studies included in this review, suggesting parents and children have wide variation in their assessment in these areas of psychosocial function. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative evidence appears to indicate that parents of children with chronic illness perceive their children as having a poorer quality of life than the children report for themselves. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Identifying differences and commonalities between these reports can guide health care practitioners to specific activities that should be the focus of caring for children; specifically, functional goal development can become more personalized and appropriate.
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Grover AS, Freeman AJ, Abu-El-Haija M, Eisses JF, Gardner TB, Liu QY, Lowe ME, Nathan JD, Palermo TM, Singh VK, Trout AT, Uc A, Husain SZ, Morinville VD. Updates in Pediatric Pancreatology: Proceedings of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Frontiers in Pediatric Pancreatology Symposium. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:e27-e33. [PMID: 30888340 PMCID: PMC6444930 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Pancreas Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition aims to promote awareness of pediatric pancreatic diseases, support clinical and basic science research in the field, educate pediatric gastroenterologists, and advocate on behalf of pediatric patients with pancreatic disorders. At the 2017 Annual North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition meeting, the Pancreas Committee held a full day symposium on pediatric pancreatic diseases, entitled, "Frontiers in Pediatric Pancreatology." The symposium served as a timely and novel academic meeting that brought together individuals with a vested interest in the care of children with pancreatic disorders. The objective of this day-long course was to update practicing gastroenterologists on the latest advances in research, management algorithms, endoscopic therapies, radiographic resources, surgical approaches, and novel drug therapies targeted to pediatric pancreatitis. Presentations were divided into 4 modules: diagnosis, risk factors, and natural history of pancreatitis; pancreatic imaging and exocrine function; management of pancreatitis; and new frontiers in pediatric pancreatitis research. The course fostered a unique ecosystem for interdisciplinary collaboration, in addition to promoting discussion and stimulating new research hypotheses regarding pediatric pancreatic disorders. Oral presentations by experts in various fields of pancreatology led to thought-provoking discussion; in addition, a meet-the-professor luncheon stimulated critical evaluation of current research in pediatric pancreatic diseases, highlighting knowledge gaps and future research endeavors. The current report summarizes the major learning points from this novel symposium focusing on the growing demographic of pediatric pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alvin J Freeman
- Childrens' Healthcare of Atlanta, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John F Eisses
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy B Gardner
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Quin Y Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Digestive Diseases Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of St. Louis, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jaimie D Nathan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew T Trout
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Children's Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Veronique D Morinville
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe recent developments in paediatric pancreatitis and to discuss causes and current management. RECENT FINDINGS Although recent studies have estimated the annual incidence of paediatric acute pancreatitis approaching that of adults, there are no established guidelines about its diagnosis and treatment in children. Genetic and structural/congenital abnormalities are emerging as the primary risk factors for paediatric acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Specifically, chronic pancreatitis is associated with a significant socioeconomic burden in children. Both medical and surgical therapies are proposed for paediatric chronic pancreatitis, but there is little evidence that they are beneficial. SUMMARY Acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis create significant health issues in the paediatric population. Medical and surgical therapies exist to potentially treat these conditions, but the paediatric data are limited and the cohorts are small. A multidisciplinary and multicentre approach is necessary to better determine pancreatic disease processes and treatment options in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Pohl
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children’s Hospital, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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20
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Varni JW, Bendo CB, Shulman RJ, Self MM, Nurko S, Franciosi JP, Saps M, Saeed S, Zacur GM, Vaughan Dark C, Pohl JF. Interpretability of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Gastrointestinal Worry Scales in Pediatric Patients With Functional and Organic Gastrointestinal Diseases. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 40:591-601. [PMID: 25682210 PMCID: PMC4469917 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the clinical interpretability of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Worry Scales in pediatric patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic gastrointestinal diseases in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS The PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Scales were completed by 587 patients with gastrointestinal disorders/diseases and 685 parents, and 513 healthy children and 337 parents. Minimal important difference (MID) scores were derived from the standard error of measurement (SEM). Cut-points were derived based on one and two standard deviations (SDs) from the healthy reference means. RESULTS The percentages of patients below the scales' cut-points were significantly greater than the healthy controls (most p values ≤ .001). Scale scores 2 SDs from the healthy reference means were within the range of scores for pediatric patients with a gastrointestinal disorder. MID values were generated using the SEM. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the clinical interpretability of the new PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Worry Scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Varni
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Cristiane B Bendo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Robert J Shulman
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Mariella M Self
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - James P Franciosi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Miguel Saps
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Shehzad Saeed
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - George M Zacur
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - Chelsea Vaughan Dark
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
| | - John F Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, and Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah
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21
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PedsQL gastrointestinal symptoms scales and gastrointestinal worry scales in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease in comparison with healthy controls. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1115-24. [PMID: 25793327 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes are essential in determining the broad impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and treatments from the patient's perspective. The primary study objectives were to compare the gastrointestinal symptoms and worry of pediatric patients with IBD with matched healthy controls and to compare Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with each other using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Worry Scales. METHODS PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales were completed in a 9-site study by 256 pediatric patients with IBD and 259 parents of patients (263 families; Crohn's disease [n = 195], ulcerative colitis [n = 68]). Ten Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales measuring stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, nausea and vomiting, gas and bloating, constipation, blood in poop, and diarrhea were administered along with 2 Gastrointestinal Worry Scales. A matched group of 384 healthy children families completed the PedsQL in an Internet survey. RESULTS PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales distinguished between pediatric patients with IBD in comparison with healthy controls (P < 0.001), with larger effect sizes for symptoms indicative of IBD, supporting known-groups validity and clinical interpretability including minimal important difference scores. Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis did not demonstrate significantly different gastrointestinal symptoms or worry in comparison with each other. CONCLUSIONS The PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales may be used as common metrics across pediatric patients with IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis separately to measure gastrointestinal-specific symptoms in clinical research and practice.
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Schwarzenberg SJ, Bellin M, Husain SZ, Ahuja M, Barth B, Davis H, Durie PR, Fishman DS, Freedman SD, Gariepy CE, Giefer MJ, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Himes R, Kumar S, Morinville VD, Lowe ME, Nuehring NE, Ooi CY, Pohl JF, Troendle D, Werlin SL, Wilschanski M, Yen E, Uc A. Pediatric chronic pancreatitis is associated with genetic risk factors and substantial disease burden. J Pediatr 2015; 166:890-896.e1. [PMID: 25556020 PMCID: PMC4380827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical presentation, diagnostic variables, risk factors, and disease burden in children with chronic pancreatitis. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study of data from the International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure, a registry of children with acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Between-group differences were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Among 170 subjects in the registry, 76 (45%) had chronic pancreatitis; 57% were female, 80% were white; median age at diagnosis was 9.9 years. Pancreatitis-predisposing genetic mutations were identified in 51 (67%) and obstructive risk factors in 25 (33%). Toxic/metabolic and autoimmune factors were uncommon. Imaging demonstrated ductal abnormalities and pancreatic atrophy more commonly than calcifications. Fifty-nine (77%) reported abdominal pain within the past year; pain was reported as constant and receiving narcotics in 28%. Children with chronic pancreatitis reported a median of 3 emergency department visits and 2 hospitalizations in the last year. Forty-seven subjects (70%) missed 1 day of school in the past month as the result of chronic pancreatitis; 26 (34%) missed 3 or more days. Children reporting constant pain were more likely to miss school (P = .002), visit the emergency department (P = .01), and experience hospitalizations (P = .03) compared with children with episodic pain. Thirty-three children (43%) underwent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde pancreatography; one or more pancreatic surgeries were performed in 30 (39%). CONCLUSIONS Chronic pancreatitis occurs at a young age with distinct clinical features. Genetic and obstructive risk factors are common, and disease burden is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melena Bellin
- University of Minnesota Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Monika Ahuja
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bradley Barth
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heather Davis
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melvin B. Heyman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soma Kumar
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark E. Lowe
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neil E. Nuehring
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David Troendle
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Yen
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Understanding pediatric chronic pancreatitis: inspiration and hard work required. J Pediatr 2015; 166:798-800. [PMID: 25661402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Gastrointestinal Worry Scales in pediatric patients with functional and organic gastrointestinal diseases in comparison to healthy controls. Qual Life Res 2014; 24:363-78. [PMID: 25148757 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to compare the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and worry of pediatric patients with functional GI disorders (FGIDs) and organic GI diseases to healthy controls utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales for patient self-reports ages 5-18 years and parent proxy-reports for ages 2-18 years. The secondary objective was to compare FGIDs and organic GI diseases to each other. METHODS The PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales were completed in a 9-site study by 587 pediatric patients with GI disorders and 685 parents of patients. Patients had physician-diagnosed GI disorders (chronic constipation, functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease). Ten Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales measuring Stomach Pain, Stomach Discomfort When Eating, Food and Drink Limits, Trouble Swallowing, Heartburn and Reflux, Nausea and Vomiting, Gas and Bloating, Constipation, Blood, and Diarrhea were administered along with two Gastrointestinal Worry Scales. Five hundred and thirteen healthy children and 337 parents of healthy children completed the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Scales in an Internet panel survey. RESULTS The PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales distinguished between pediatric patients with FGIDs and organic GI diseases in comparison with healthy controls, supporting known-groups validity. Patients with FGIDs reported more GI symptoms and worry than patients with organic GI diseases. CONCLUSIONS The PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales may be utilized as common metrics across pediatric patient groups with FGIDs and organic GI diseases and healthy samples to measure GI-specific symptoms in clinical research and practice.
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Factorial invariance of pediatric patient self-reported fatigue across age and gender: a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis approach utilizing the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Qual Life Res 2013; 22:2581-94. [PMID: 23423759 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-013-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to compare multidimensional fatigue research findings across age and gender subpopulations, it is important to demonstrate measurement invariance, that is, that the items from an instrument have equivalent meaning across the groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of the 18-item PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale items across age and gender and tested a bifactor model. METHODS Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was performed specifying a three-factor model across three age groups (5-7, 8-12, and 13-18 years) and gender. MG-CFA models were proposed in order to compare the factor structure, metric, scalar, and error variance across age groups and gender. The analyses were based on 837 children and adolescents recruited from general pediatric clinics, subspecialty clinics, and hospitals in which children were being seen for well-child checks, mild acute illness, or chronic illness care. RESULTS A bifactor model of the items with one general factor influencing all the items and three domain-specific factors representing the General, Sleep/Rest, and Cognitive Fatigue domains fit the data better than oblique factor models. Based on the multiple measures of model fit, configural, metric, and scalar invariance were found for almost all items across the age and gender groups, as was invariance in the factor covariances. The PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale demonstrated strict factorial invariance for child and adolescent self-report across gender and strong factorial invariance across age subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS The findings support an equivalent three-factor structure across the age and gender groups studied. Based on these data, it can be concluded that pediatric patients across the groups interpreted the items in a similar manner regardless of their age or gender, supporting the multidimensional factor structure interpretation of the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:111-30. [PMID: 23299306 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835daf68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited literature on acute pancreatitis (AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children. The International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure (INSPPIRE) consortium was formed to standardize definitions, develop diagnostic algorithms, investigate disease pathophysiology, and design prospective multicenter studies in pediatric pancreatitis. METHODS Subcommittees were formed to delineate definitions of pancreatitis, and a survey was conducted to analyze present practice. RESULTS AP was defined as requiring 2 of the following: abdominal pain compatible with AP, serum amylase and/or lipase values ≥3 times upper limits of normal, and imaging findings of AP. ARP was defined as ≥2 distinct episodes of AP with intervening return to baseline. CP was diagnosed in the presence of typical abdominal pain plus characteristic imaging findings, or exocrine insufficiency plus imaging findings, or endocrine insufficiency plus imaging findings. We found that children with pancreatitis were primarily managed by pediatric gastroenterologists. Unless the etiology was known, initial investigations included serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, calcium, and abdominal ultrasound. Further investigations (usually for ARP and CP) included magnetic resonance or other imaging, sweat chloride, and genetic testing. Respondents' future goals for INSPPIRE included determining natural history of pancreatitis, developing algorithms to evaluate and manage pancreatitis, and validating diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS INSPPIRE represents the first initiative to create a multicenter approach to systematically characterize pancreatitis in children. Future aims include creation of patient database and biologic sample repository.
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