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Ahmad S, d'Avanzo N, Mancuso A, Barone A, Cristiano MC, Carresi C, Mollace V, Celia C, Fresta M, Paolino D. Skin Tolerability of Oleic Acid Based Nanovesicles Designed for the Improvement of Icariin and Naproxen Percutaneous Permeation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:7852-7860. [PMID: 38608313 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Deformable nanovesicles have a crucial role in topical drug delivery through the skin, due to their capability to pass intact the stratum corneum and epidermis (SCE) and significantly increase the efficacy and accumulation of payloads in the deeper layers of the skin. Namely, lipid-based ultradeformable nanovesicles are versatile and load bioactive molecules with different physicochemical properties. For this reason, this study aims to make oleic acid based nanovesicles (oleosomes) for the codelivery of icariin and sodium naproxen and increase their permeation through the skin. Oleosomes have suitable physicochemical properties and long-term stability for a potential dermal or transdermal application. The inclusion of oleic acid in the lipid bilayer increases 3-fold the deformable properties of oleosomes compared to conventional liposomes and significantly improves the percutaneous permeation of icariin and sodium naproxen through the human SCE membranes compared to hydroalcoholic solutions of both drugs. The tolerability studies on human volunteers demonstrate that oleosomes are safer and speed up the recovery of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) baselines compared to saline solution. These results highlight promising properties of icariin/sodium naproxen coloaded oleosomes for the treatment of skin disorders and suggest the potential future applications of these nanovesicles for further in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center "ProHealth Translational Hub", Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center "ProHealth Translational Hub", Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Barone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center "ProHealth Translational Hub", Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Bakhtazad A, Kabbaj M, Garmabi B, Joghataei MT. The role of CART peptide in learning and memory: A potential therapeutic target in memory-related disorders. Peptides 2024; 181:171298. [PMID: 39317295 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) mRNA and peptide are vastly expressed in both cortical and subcortical brain areas and are involved in critical cognitive functions. CART peptide (CARTp), described in reward-related brain structures, regulates drug-induced learning and memory, and its role appears specific to psychostimulants. However, many other drugs of abuse, such as alcohol, opiates, nicotine, and caffeine, have been shown to alter the expression levels of CART mRNA and peptides in brain structures directly or indirectly associated with learning and memory processes. However, the number of studies demonstrating the contribution of CARTp in learning and memory is still minimal. Notably, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CARTp effects are still unknown. The discoveries that CARTp effects are mediated through a putative G-protein coupled receptor and activation of cellular signaling cascades via NMDA receptor-coupled ERK have enhanced our knowledge about the action of this neuropeptide and allowed us to comprehend better CARTp exact cellular/molecular mechanisms that could mediate drug-induced changes in learning and memory functions. Unfortunately, these efforts have been impeded by the lack of suitable and specific CARTp receptor antagonists. In this review, following a short introduction about CARTp, we report on current knowledge about CART's roles in learning and memory processes and its recently described role in memory-related neurological disorders. We will also discuss the importance of further investigating how CARTp interacts with its receptor(s) and other neurotransmitter systems to influence learning and memory functions. This topic is sure to intrigue and motivate further exploration in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, United States
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang Y, Du Y, Cui B. Polyphenols targeting multiple molecular targets and pathways for the treatment of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387329. [PMID: 39119340 PMCID: PMC11306171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo, a pigmentary autoimmune disorder, is marked by the selective loss of melanocytes in the skin, leading to the appearance of depigmented patches. The principal pathological mechanism is the melanocyte destruction mediated by CD8+ T cells, modulated by oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. Vitiligo affects both physical health and psychological well-being, diminishing the quality of life. Polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds with diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, have demonstrated efficacy in managing various dermatological conditions through multiple pathways. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of vitiligo and the therapeutic potential of natural polyphenolic compounds. We examine the roles of various polyphenols in vitiligo management through antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, melanogenesis promotion, and apoptosis reduction. The review underscores the need for further investigation into the precise molecular mechanisms of these compounds in vitiligo treatment and the exploration of their combination with current therapies to augment therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingnan Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zheng L, Wu S, Jin H, Wu J, Wang X, Cao Y, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Li L, Yang X, Shen Q, Guo S, Shen Y, Li C, Ji L. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of icariin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154890. [PMID: 37229892 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is the main active component of Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), known to enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims to investigate and summarize the mechanisms through which ICA treats AD. METHODS The PubMed and CNKI databases were utilized to review the advancements in ICA's role in AD prevention and treatment by analyzing literature published between January 2005 and April 2023. To further illustrate ICA's impact on AD development, tables, and images are included to summarize the relationships between various mechanisms. RESULTS The study reveals that ICA ameliorates cognitive deficits in AD model mice by modulating Aβ via multiple pathways, including BACE-1, NO/cGMP, Wnt/Ca2+, and PI3K/Akt signaling. ICA exhibits neuroprotective properties by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through the suppression of ER stress in AD mice, potentially linked to NF-κB, MAPK, ERK, and PERK/Eif2α signaling pathways. Moreover, ICA may safeguard neurons by attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress injury. ICA can also enhance learning, memory, and cognition by improving synaptic structure via regulation of the PSD-95 protein. Furthermore, ICA can mitigate neuroinflammation by inactivating microglial activity through the upregulation of PPARγ, TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study indicates that ICA possesses multiple beneficial effects in AD treatment. Through the integration of pharmacological and molecular biological research, ICA may emerge as a promising candidate to expedite the advancement of TCM in the clinical management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Sichen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Haichao Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuxiao Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yaona Jiang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Linhong Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Shunyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuejian Shen
- Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linping, Hangzhou 311106, China.
| | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Liting Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Icariin: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2954-2962. [PMID: 35802286 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. They are characterized by the loss of neurons and synapses in special parts of the central nervous system (CNS). There is no definitive treatment for AD and PD, but extensive studies are underway to identify the effective drugs which can slow the progression of these diseases by affecting the factors involved in their pathophysiology (i.e., aggregated proteins, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress). Icariin, a natural compound isolated from Epimedii herba, is known because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this regard, there are numerous studies indicating its potential as a natural compound against the progression of CNS disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review aims to re-examine findings on the pharmacologic effects of icariin on factors involved in the pathophysiology of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Luo Z, Dong J, Wu J. Impact of Icariin and its derivatives on inflammatory diseases and relevant signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108861. [PMID: 35597118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is a famous herb collected from China and Korea. It has been used for impotency, osteoporosis, and amnestic treatment for thousands of years. Icariin, a typical flavonoid compound isolated from Herba Epimedii, was reported as a potential anti-inflammatory drug. Icariside and icaritin are the two metabolites of icariin. Icariin and its metabolites have been used to treat a wide range of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, depression, osteoarthritis, and asthma. They exert powerful suppression of proinflammatory signaling, such as NF-κB and MAPKs. More importantly, they can upregulate anti-inflammatory signaling, such as GR and Nrf2. In this study, we review the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites in inflammatory diseases and provide novel insights into these potential anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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Yang X, Zhang H, Li L, Zhou X, Liu Y, Lai J. Proteomic Analysis of Protective Effects of Epimedium Flavonoids against Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in Retinoic Acid-Treated SH-SY5Y Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031026. [PMID: 35164291 PMCID: PMC8838442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) is one of the most common addictive psychoactive substances in the world, and alcoholism may result in harmful effects on human health, especially on the nervous system. Flavonoids are regarded as the main active constituent in Epimedium, which has been used to cure some nervous system diseases such as amnesia for over 1000 years. Here, the protective effects of Epimedium flavonoids against ethanol-induced toxicity in retinoic acid (RA)-treated SH-SY5Y cells were investigated. Their mechanism was explored by a label-free proteomic approach combined with bioinformatic analysis for the first time. The results showed that ethanol treatment decreased cell viability by 18%, whereas the viability increased significantly after intervention with Epimedium flavonoids (p < 0.01). According to proteomic and bioinformatic analyses, hundreds of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and classified as biological process (GO_BP), cellular component (GO_CC) and molecular function (GO_MF). Among them, GO_MF of DEPs, especially molecular function relevant to G proteins, greatly changed in SH-SY5Y cells pretreated by Epimedium flavonoids. In the alcoholism pathway, the expression of the Gi protein was up-regulated under the influence of ethanol, whereas Epimedium flavonoids could reverse the expression profile, both of which were validated by Western blot assay. In conclusion, Gi protein seemed to be an important factor in the alcoholism pathway to suppress the ethanol-induced toxicity of SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest a protective potential of Epimedium flavonoids against ethanol-induced toxicity to neurons via the regulation of Gi protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yang
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Resources Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-29-8265-7505 (J.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Resources Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuexue Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Resources Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yichao Liu
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Resources Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianghua Lai
- Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-29-8265-7505 (J.L.)
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Wang Q, Dong X, Zhang R, Zhao C. Flavonoids with Potential Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects as Therapeutic Drugs for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:505-533. [PMID: 34569961 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease generally among the elderly; it accounts for approximately 50-75%of total cases of dementia patients and poses a serious threat to physical and mental health. Currently available treatments for AD mainly relieves its symptoms, and effective therapy is urgently needed. Deposition of amyloid-β protein in the brain is an early and invariant neuropathological feature of AD. Currently the main efforts in developing anti-AD drugs focus on anti-amyloidogenic therapeutics that prevent amyloid-β production or aggregation and decrease the occurrence of neurotoxic events. The results of an increasing number of studies suggest that natural extracts and phytochemicals have a positive impact on brain aging. Flavonoids belong to the broad group of polyphenols and recent data indicate a favorable effect of flavonoids on brain aging. In this review, we collect relevant discoveries from 1999 to 2021, discuss 75 flavonoids that effectively influence AD pathogenesis, and summarize their functional mechanisms in detail. The data we have reviewed show that, these flavonoids belong to various subclasses, including flavone, flavanone, biflavone, etc. Our results provide a reference for further study of the effects of flavonoids on AD and the progress of anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Dong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Iqubal A, Rahman SO, Ahmed M, Bansal P, Haider MR, Iqubal MK, Najmi AK, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Current Quest in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Targeted-Designed-Ligand Based Approach with Preclinical and Clinical Based Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:685-720. [PMID: 33302832 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common and most chronic neurological disorder (NDs) associated with cognitive dysfunction. Pathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, and neurofibrillary tangles, however, persistence oxidative-nitrative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins along with altered neurotransmitters level are common etiological attributes in its pathogenesis. Rivastigmine, memantine, galantamine, and donepezil are FDA approved drugs for symptomatic management of AD, whereas tacrine has been withdrawn because of hepatotoxic profile. These approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and exhibit poor patient compliance. In the current scenario, the number of published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of naturally occurring bioactive molecules via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neurotransmitter modulatory properties. Despite their potent therapeutic implications, concerns have arisen in context to their efficacy and probable clinical outcome. Thus, to overcome these glitches, many heterocyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon compounds inspired by natural sources have been synthesized and showed improved therapeutic activity. Computational studies (molecular docking) have been used to predict the binding affinity of these natural bioactive as well as synthetic compounds derived from natural sources for the acetylcholine esterase, α/β secretase Nuclear Factor kappa- light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and other neurological targets. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the molecular etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of natural products, chemical and pharmacological aspects and multi-targeted designed ligands (MTDLs) of synthetic and semisynthetic molecules derived from the natural sources along with some important on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Musheer Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Pratichi Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Jiang H, Niu F, Zheng Y, Xu Y. CART mitigates oxidative stress and DNA damage in memory deficits of APP/PS1 mice via upregulating β‑amyloid metabolism‑associated enzymes. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:280. [PMID: 33604684 PMCID: PMC7905330 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is primarily characterized by progressive cognitive deficits. The toxicity of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) serves an important role in the progression of AD, resulting in neuronal loss via a number of possible mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Previous studies have reported that cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) treatment improves memory and synaptic structure in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether CART served a protective role against memory deficits in AD. APP/PS1 mice were treated with CART or PBS. Spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were compared among wild-type, APP/PS1 and CART-treated APP/PS1 mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Aβ metabolism-associated enzymes, including neprilysin (NEP), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), in the hippocampus were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. CART improved the memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting DNA damage and protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. CART also reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress in Aβ1-42-exposed primary cortical neurons in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, CART promoted Aβ degradation via modulating Aβ metabolism-associated enzymes, including IDE, NEP, LRP-1 and RAGE. Collectively, the present study indicated that CART improved the learning and memory capacity of APP/PS mice, thus may have potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Fengnan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Departnment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Zheng X, Zhang L, Jiang W, Abasubong KP, Zhang C, Zhang D, Li X, Jiang G, Chi C, Liu W. Effects of dietary icariin supplementation on the ovary development-related transcriptome of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 37:100756. [PMID: 33197858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an economically important aquaculture species in China, with distinct differences in ovarian maturation status between crabs fed with natural diets and artificial diets during the listing period, thus, leading to selling price differentiation. Our previous study showed that dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg icariin can effectively promote ovarian development of E. sinensis. However, the internal molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated because of a lack of comprehensive genome sequence information. We compared the ovary transcriptomes of E. sinensis fed with two diets containing 0 and 100 mg/kg ICA using the BGISEQ-500 platform. This yielded 12.54 Gb clean bases and 54,794 unigenes, 13,832 of which were found to be differentially expressed after icariin exposure. Twenty pathways closely related to gonadal development were selected through KEGG analysis. Seven differentially expressed genes relevant to vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation (serine/threonine-protein kinase mos-like, Eg2, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein, cyclin B, vitellogenin 1, cathepsin D, and juvenile hormone esterase-like carboxylesterase 1) were validated by qRT-PCR, and four proteins (MEK1/2, ERK1/2, Cyclin B and Cdc2) associated with the progesterone mediated oocyte maturation pathway (i.e., MAPK/MPF pathway) were analyzed by western-blot. The results showed that icariin could promote the synthesis, processing and deposition of vitellogenin in oocytes, and that it also has the potential to promote oocyte maturation (resumption of Meiosis I) by altering the expression of the relevant genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth P Abasubong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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He C, Wang Z, Shi J. Pharmacological effects of icariin. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:179-203. [PMID: 32089233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a principal active component from traditional Chinese medicine Epimedium grandiflorum. To explain its traditional medical usages by modern science, a variety of pharmacological effects have been studied for ICA. In this review, we summarized the pharmacokinetics of ICA as well as its pharmacological mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-depression and anti-tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China; Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Ze Wang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China; Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
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Hu L, Li L, Zhang H, Li Q, Jiang S, Qiu J, Sun J, Dong J. Inhibition of airway remodeling and inflammatory response by Icariin in asthma. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:316. [PMID: 31744482 PMCID: PMC6862818 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is the major active ingredient extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Epimedium, which has the effects of improving cardiovascular function, inducing tumor cell differentiation and increasing bone formation. It is still rarely reported that ICA can exert its therapeutic potential in asthma via anti-airway remodeling. The point of the study was to estimate the role of ICA in anti-. airway remodeling and its possible mechanism of action in a mouse ovalbumin. (OVA)-induced asthma model. METHODS Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining were performed for measuring airway remodeling related indicators. ELISA, Western blot and Immunohistochemistr-. y (IHC) were used for analyzing the level of protein. RT-PCR was used for analyzing the level of mRNA. RESULTS On days 1 and 8, mice were sensitized to OVA by intraperitoneal injection. From day 16 to day 43, previously sensitized mice were exposed to OVA once daily by nebulizer. Interventions were performed orally with ICA (ICA low, medium and high dose groups) or dexamethasone 1 h prior to each OVA exposure. ICA improves pulmonary function, attenuates pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling in mice exposed to OVA. Histological and Western blot analysis of the lungs show that ICA suppressed transforming growth factor beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Increase in interleukin 13 and endothelin-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in OVA-induced asthmatic mice are also decreased by ICA. ICA attenuates airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, as well as key factors in the MAPK/Erk pathway. CONCLUSIONS The fact that ICA can alleviate OVA-induced asthma at least partly through inhibition of ASMC proliferation via MAPK/Erk pathway provides a solid theoretical basis for ICA as a replacement therapy for asthma. These data reveal the underlying reasons of the use of ICA-rich herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine to achieve good results in treating asthma.
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15
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Petrella C, Di Certo MG, Barbato C, Gabanella F, Ralli M, Greco A, Possenti R, Severini C. Neuropeptides in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Update. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:544-558. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190503152555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are small proteins broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system, which act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and neuroregulators. Growing evidence has demonstrated the involvement of many neuropeptides in both neurophysiological functions and neuropathological conditions, among which is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The role exerted by neuropeptides in AD is endorsed by the evidence that they are mainly neuroprotective and widely distributed in brain areas responsible for learning and memory processes. Confirming this point, it has been demonstrated that numerous neuropeptide-containing neurons are pathologically altered in brain areas of both AD patients and AD animal models. Furthermore, the levels of various neuropeptides have been found altered in both Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and blood of AD patients, getting insights into their potential role in the pathophysiology of AD and offering the possibility to identify novel additional biomarkers for this pathology. We summarized the available information about brain distribution, neuroprotective and cognitive functions of some neuropeptides involved in AD. The main focus of the current review was directed towards the description of clinical data reporting alterations in neuropeptides content in both AD patients and AD pre-clinical animal models. In particular, we explored the involvement in the AD of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH), Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART), Cholecystokinin (CCK), bradykinin and chromogranin/secretogranin family, discussing their potential role as a biomarker or therapeutic target, leaving the dissertation of other neuropeptides to previous reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Petrella
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gabanella
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Possenti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Sense Organs, CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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16
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Angeloni C, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S. Icariin and Its Metabolites as Potential Protective Phytochemicals Against Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:271. [PMID: 30941046 PMCID: PMC6433697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 35 million people worldwide. As the prevalence of AD is dramatically rising, there is an earnest need for the identification of effective therapies. Available drug treatments only target the symptoms and do not halt the progression of this disorder; thus, the use of natural compounds has been proposed as an alternative intervention strategy. Icariin, a prenylated flavonoid, has several therapeutic effects, including osteoporosis prevention, sexual dysfunction amelioration, immune system modulation, and improvement of cardiovascular function. Substantial studies indicate that icariin may be beneficial to AD by reducing the production of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and inhibiting phosphodiesterase-5 activity. Moreover, increasing evidence has indicated that icariin exerts a protective role in AD also by limiting inflammation, oxidative stress and reducing potential risk factors for AD such as atherosclerosis. This mini-review discusses the multiple potential mechanisms of action of icariin on the pathobiology of AD including explanation regarding its bioavailability, metabolism and pharmacokinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jin J, Wang H, Hua X, Chen D, Huang C, Chen Z. An outline for the pharmacological effect of icariin in the nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:20-32. [PMID: 30342950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Icariin is a major active component of the traditional herb Epimedium, also known as Horny Goat Weed. It has been extensively studied throughout the past several years and is known to exert anti-oxidative, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. It is now being considered as a potential therapeutic agent for a wide variety of disorders, ranging from neoplasm to cardiovascular disease. More recent studies have shown that icariin exhibits potential preventive and/or therapeutic effects in the nervous system. For example, icariin can prevent the production of amyloid β (1-42) and inhibit the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariin has been shown to mitigate pro-inflammatory responses of microglia in culture and in animal models of cerebral ischemia, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Icariin also prevents the neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ibotenic acid, and homocysteine. In addition, icariin is implicated in facilitating learning and memory in both normal aging animals and disease models. To date, we still have no consolidated source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of icariin in the nervous system, though its roles in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. Here, we summarize the pharmacological development of icariin as well as its possible mechanisms in prevention and/or therapy of disorders afflicting the nervous system in hope of expanding the knowledge about the preventive and/or therapeutic effect of icariin in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes lane, Piscataway, 08854 New Jersey, United States
| | - Xiaoying Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital, #999 Liangxi Road, Wu xi, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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18
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Hui S, Yang Y, Peng WJ, Sheng CX, Gong W, Chen S, Xu PP, Wang Z. Protective effects of Bushen Tiansui decoction on hippocampal synapses in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1680-1686. [PMID: 29171433 PMCID: PMC5696849 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushen Tiansui decoction is composed of six traditional Chinese medicines: Herba Epimedii, Radix Polygoni multiflori, Plastrum testudinis, Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, Radix Polygalae, and Rhizoma Acorus tatarinowii. Because Bushen Tiansui decoction is effective against amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, we hypothesized that it would reduce hippocampal synaptic damage and improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. To test this hypothesis, we used a previously established animal model of Alzheimer's disease, that is, microinjection of aggregated Aβ25-35 into the bilateral brain ventricles of Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that long-term (28 days) oral administration of Bushen Tiansui decoction (0.563, 1.688, and 3.375 g/mL; 4 mL/day) prevented synaptic loss in the hippocampus and increased the expression levels of synaptic proteins, including postsynaptic density protein 95, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit, and Shank1. These results suggested that Bushen Tiansui decoction can protect synapses by maintaining the expression of these synaptic proteins. Bushen Tiansui decoction also ameliorated measures reflecting spatial learning and memory deficits that were observed in the Morris water maze (i.e., increased the number of platform crossings and the amount of time spent in the target quadrant and decreased escape latency) following intraventricular injections of aggregated Aβ25-35 compared with those measures in untreated Aβ25-35-injected rats. Overall, these results provided evidence that further studies on the prevention and treatment of dementia with this traditional Chinese medicine are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hui
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-jun Peng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chen-xia Sheng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pan-pan Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Lee JK, Kim NJ. Recent Advances in the Inhibition of p38 MAPK as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081287. [PMID: 28767069 PMCID: PMC6152076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a crucial target for chronic inflammatory diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, as well as neurodegeneration, and there is no known cure. Recent studies on the underlying biology of AD in cellular and animal models have indicated that p38 MAPK is capable of orchestrating diverse events related to AD, such as tau phosphorylation, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Thus, the inhibition of p38 MAPK is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the targeting of p38 MAPK as a potential strategy for the treatment of AD and envision possibilities of p38 MAPK inhibitors as a fundamental therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Yin K, Jin J, Zhu X, Yu L, Wang S, Qian L, Han L, Xu Y. CART modulates beta-amyloid metabolism-associated enzymes and attenuates memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Neurol Res 2017; 39:885-894. [PMID: 28743230 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1348689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Sulei Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lai Qian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Liu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Yin F. A novel antagonistic role of natural compound icariin on neurotoxicity of amyloid β peptide. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:190-5. [PMID: 26354216 PMCID: PMC4613440 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.164254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) has been shown to be responsible for senile plaque formation and cell damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was aimed to explore the role of natural compound icariin on the aggregation and the cytotoxicity of Aβ in vitro. METHODS Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging were done to determine the influence of icariin on the aggregation of Aβ1-42 peptide. MTT assay was used to evaluate the protective effect of icariin on Aβ1-42 induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS Icariin inhibited Aβ1-42 aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, icariin also prevented the cytotoxicity of Aβ1-42 in SH-SY5Y cells by decreasing the production of peroxide hydrogen during the aggregation of this peptide. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The results indicated a novel antagonistic role of icariin in the neurotoxicity of Aβ1-42 via inhibiting its aggregation, suggesting that icariin might have potential therapeutic benefits to delay or modify the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- College of Medicine & Bioengineering, Chongqing Technology of University, Chongqing ; Chongqing Key Lab of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, Chongqing Technology & Business University, Chongqing, PR China
| | | | | | - Fei Yin
- College of Medicine & Bioengineering, Chongqing Technology of University, Chongqing ; Chongqing Key Lab of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, Chongqing Technology & Business University, Chongqing, PR China
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22
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Cui Z, Sheng Z, Yan X, Cao Z, Tang K. In Silico Insight into Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Mechanisms of Icariin. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010113. [PMID: 26784184 PMCID: PMC4730354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal compounds that have notable therapeutic effect upon Alzheimer's disease (AD) have frequently been found, despite the recent failure of late-stage clinical drugs. Icariin, which is isolated from Epimedium brevicornum, is widely reported to exhibit significant anti-AD effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the molecular mechanism remains thus far unclear. In this work, the anti-AD mechanisms of icariin were investigated at a target network level assisted by an in silico target identification program (INVDOCK). The results suggested that the anti-AD effects of icariin may be contributed by: attenuation of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, anti-inflammation and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Our results may provide assistance in understanding the molecular mechanism and further developing icariin into promising anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhen Sheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xinmiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Kailin Tang
- Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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CART treatment improves memory and synaptic structure in APP/PS1 mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10224. [PMID: 25959573 PMCID: PMC4426675 DOI: 10.1038/srep10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the brain, loss of synapses, and cognitive dysfunction. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) has recently been reported to attenuate Aβ-induced toxicity. In this study, CART localization in APP/PS1 mice was characterized and the protective effects of exogenous CART treatment were examined. Compared to age-matched wild type mice, 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice had significantly greater CART immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and cortex. A strikingly similar pattern of Aβ plaque-associated CART immunoreactivity was observed in the cortex of AD cases. Treatment of APP/PS1 mice with exogenous CART ameliorated memory deficits; this effect was associated with improvements in synaptic ultrastructure and long-term potentiation, but not a reduction of the Aβ plaques. Exogenous CART treatment in APP/PS1 mice prevented depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and stimulated mitochondrial complex I and II activities, resulting in an increase in ATP levels. CART treatment of APP/PS1 mice also reduced reactive oxygen species and 4-hydroxynonenal, and mitigated oxidative DNA damage. In summary, CART treatment reduced multiple neuropathological measures and improved memory in APP/PS1 mice, and may therefore be a promising and novel therapy for AD.
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Li F, Gao B, Dong H, Shi J, Fang D. Icariin induces synoviolin expression through NFE2L1 to protect neurons from ER stress-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119955. [PMID: 25806530 PMCID: PMC4373914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By suppressing neuronal apoptosis, Icariin is a potential therapeutic drug for neuronal degenerative diseases. The molecular mechanisms of Icariin anti-apoptotic functions are still largely unclear. In this report, we found that Icariin induces the expression of Synoviolin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchoring E3 ubiquitin ligase that functions as a suppressor of ER stress-induced apoptosis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NFE2L1) is responsible for Icariin-mediated Synoviolin gene expression. Mutation of the NFE2L1-binding sites in a distal region of the Synoviolin promoter abolished Icariin-induced Synoviolin promoter activity, and knockdown of NFE2L1 expression prevented Icariin-stimulated Synoviolin expression. More importantly, Icariin protected ER stress-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells in a Synoviolin-dependent manner. Therefore, our study reveals Icariin-induced Synoviolin expression through NFE2L1 as a previously unappreciated molecular mechanism underlying the neuronal protective function of Icariin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FL); (DF)
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States of America
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States of America
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States of America
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Li C, Li Q, Mei Q, Lu T. Pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic properties of icariin, the major bioactive component in Herba Epimedii. Life Sci 2015; 126:57-68. [PMID: 25634110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is an important medicinal plant which has been used in various traditional Chinese formulations for thousands of years as well as in modern proprietary traditional Chinese medicine products. It has extensive clinical indications, especially for the treatment of sexual dysfunction and osteoporosis. There have been more than 260 chemical moieties identified in the genus Epimedium most of which belong to flavonoids. Icariin is the most abundant constituent in Herba Epimedii. Icariin is pharmacologically bioactive and demonstrates extensive therapeutic capacities such as osteoprotective effect, neuroprotective effect, cardiovascular protective effect, anti-cancer effect, anti-inflammation effect, immunoprotective effect and reproductive function. Particularly, the significant osteogenic effect of icariin made it a promising drug candidate in bone tissue engineering. The current review paper aims to summarize the literatures reporting the pharmacological effects of icariin. The pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive ingredients in Herba Epimedii have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang ZY, Li C, Zug C, Schluesener HJ. Icariin ameliorates neuropathological changes, TGF-β1 accumulation and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104616. [PMID: 25101849 PMCID: PMC4125230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a major constituent of flavonoids from the Chinese medicinal herb Epimedium brevicornum, exhibits multiple biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, neuroregulatory and neuroprotective activities. Therefore, Icariin might be applied in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is neuropathologically characterized by β-amyloid aggregation, hyperphosphorylated tau and neuroinflammation. Potential therapeutic effects of Icariin were investigated in an animal model of cerebral amyloidosis for AD, transgenic APP/PS1 mouse. Icariin was suspended in carboxymethylcellulose and given orally to APP/PS1 mice. Therapeutic effects were monitored by behavioral tests, namely nesting assay, before and during the experimental treatment. Following an oral treatment of 10 days, Icariin significantly attenuated Aβ deposition, microglial activation and TGF-β1 immunoreactivity at amyloid plaques in cortex and hippocampus of transgenic mice 5 months of age, and restored impaired nesting ability. Our results suggest that Icariin might be considered a promising therapeutic option for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Division of Immunopathology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Chaoyun Li
- Division of Immunopathology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Zug
- Division of Immunopathology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Schluesener
- Division of Immunopathology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Schluesener JK, Schluesener H. Plant polyphenols in the treatment of age-associated diseases: revealing the pleiotropic effects of icariin by network analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:49-60. [PMID: 24311544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a broad class of compounds. Some are ingested in substantial quantities from nutritional sources, more are produced by medicinal plants, and some of them are taken as drugs. It is becoming clear, that a single polyphenol is impacting several cellular pathways. Thus, a network approach is becoming feasible, describing the interaction of a single polyphenol with cellular networks. Here we have selected icariin to draw a prototypic network of icariin activities. Icariin appears to be a promising drug to treat major age-related diseases, like neurodegeneration, memory and depressive disorders, chronic inflammation, diabetes, and osteoporosis. It interacts with several relevant pathways, like PDE, TGF-ß, MAPK, PPAR, NOS, IGF, Sirtuin, and others. Such networks will be useful to future comparative studies of complex effects of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kevin Schluesener
- Division of Immunopathology of the Nervous System, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Can medical herbs stimulate regeneration or neuroprotection and treat neuropathic pain in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:423713. [PMID: 23983777 PMCID: PMC3747437 DOI: 10.1155/2013/423713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN) has a relevant impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. There are no curative conventional treatments, so further options have to be investigated. We conducted a systematic review in English and Chinese language databases to illuminate the role of medical herbs. 26 relevant studies on 5 single herbs, one extract, one receptor-agonist, and 8 combinations of herbs were identified focusing on the single herbs Acorus calamus rhizoma, Cannabis sativa fructus, Chamomilla matricaria, Ginkgo biloba, Salvia officinalis, Sweet bee venom, Fritillaria cirrhosae bulbus, and the herbal combinations Bu Yang Huan Wu, modified Bu Yang Huan Wu plus Liuwei Di Huang, modified Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Wan, Geranii herba plus Aconiti lateralis praeparata radix , Niu Che Sen Qi Wan (Goshajinkigan), Gui Zhi Jia Shu Fu Tang (Keishikajutsubuto), Huang Qi Wu Wu Tang (Ogikeishigomotsuto), and Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang (Shakuyakukanzoto). The knowledge of mechanism of action is still limited, the quality of clinical trials needs further improvement, and studies have not yielded enough evidence to establish a standard practice, but a lot of promising substances have been identified. While CIPN has multiple mechanisms of neuronal degeneration, a combination of herbs or substances might deal with multiple targets for the aim of neuroprotection or neuroregeneration in CIPN.
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Zhang M, Han L, Xu Y. Roles of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the central nervous system. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:586-92. [PMID: 22077697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), first isolated from the ovine hypothalamus, is a potential neurotransmitter widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in endocrine cells in the pituitary and adrenal glands, pancreatic islets and stomach. 2. Numerous studies have established the role of CART in food intake, maintenance of bodyweight, stress control, reward and pain transmission. Recently, it was demonstrated that CART, as a neurotrophic peptide, had a cerebroprotective against focal ischaemic stroke and inhibited the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid protein, which focused attention on the role of CART in the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases. 3. In fact, little is known about the way in which CART peptide interacts with its receptors, initiates downstream cascades and finally exerts its neuroprotective effect under normal or pathological conditions. The literature indicates that there are many factors, such as regulation of the immunological system and protection against energy failure, that may be involved in the cerebroprotection afforded by CART. 4. The present review provides a brief summary of the current literature on CART synthesis and active fragments, its distribution in the CNS and, in particular, the role of CART peptide (and its receptors and signalling) in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Kumar S, Okello EJ, Harris JR. Experimental inhibition of fibrillogenesis and neurotoxicity by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and other disease-related peptides/proteins by plant extracts and herbal compounds. Subcell Biochem 2012; 65:295-326. [PMID: 23225009 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillogenesis and associated cyto/neurotoxicity are major pathological events and hallmarks in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The understanding of Aβ molecular pathogenesis is currently a pharmacological target for rational drug design and discovery based on reduction of Aβ generation, inhibition of Aβ fibrillogenesis and aggregation, enhancement of Aβ clearance and amelioration of associated cytotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms for other amyloidoses, such as transthyretin amyloidosis, AL-amyloidosis, as well as α-synuclein and prion protein are also pharmacological targets for current drug therapy, design and discovery. We report on natural herbal compounds and extracts that are capable binding to and inhibiting different targets associated with AD and other amyloid-associated diseases, providing a basis for future therapeutic strategies. Many herbal compounds, including curcumin, galantamine, quercetin and other polyphenols, are under active investigation and hold considerable potential for future prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as systemic amyloid diseases. A common emerging theme throughout many studies is the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the compounds or herbal extracts under investigation, within the context of the inhibition of cyto/neurotoxicity and anti-amyloid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, 10075, Dwarka, Delhi, India,
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31
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Mao P. Recent progress and concerns in dementia: Distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies via biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2012.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu Z, Huang D, Zhang M, Chen Z, Jin J, Huang S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Chen L, Chen L, Xu Y. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript promotes the differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:67. [PMID: 21756347 PMCID: PMC3199873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tissue has limited potential to self-renew after neurological damage. Cell therapy using BM-MSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells) seems like a promising approach for the treatment of neurological diseases. However, the neural differentiation of stem cells influenced by massive factors and interactions is not well studied at present. Results In this work, we isolated and identified MSCs from mouse bone marrow. Co-cultured with CART (0.4 nM) for six days, BM-MSCs were differentiated into neuron-like cells by the observation of optical microscopy. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the differentiated BM-MSCs expressed neural specific markers including MAP-2, Nestin, NeuN and GFAP. In addition, NeuN positive cells could co-localize with TH or ChAT by double-labled immunofluorescence and Nissl bodies were found in several differentiated cells by Nissl stain. Furthermore, BDNF and NGF were increased by CART using RT-PCR. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CART could promote the differentiation of BM-MSCs into neural cells through increasing neurofactors, including BNDF and NGF. Combined application of CART and BM-MSCs may be a promising cell-based therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Wang YB, Ma CG, Liu T, Li WR, Gong YQ, Xin ZC. Icarisid II, a PDE5 inhibitor from Epimedium wanshanense, increases cellular cGMP by enhancing NOS in diabetic ED rats corpus cavernosum tissue. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:87-93. [PMID: 21729132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of Icarisid II (ICA-II) on enhancing the cellular cGMP in rat corpus cavernosum tissue (RCCT). Diabetes mellitus Wistar rats were induced by streptozotocin, and diabetic ED rats were selected for the RCCT culture by apomorphine. ICA-II was extracted and purified from Icariin (ICA) by enzymatic method. The RCCT was treated with ICA-II, ICA and Sildenafil at different concentrations. cGMP and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were checked respectively by enzyme immunoassay. Meanwhile, nNOS, iNOS and eNOS in RCCT were checked by western blot. ICA-II evaluated the intracellular cGMP to 8.01 ± 1.02 pmol mg(-1) min(-1), which is much weaker than that from Sildenafil (12.4 ± 1.16 pmol mg(-1) min(-1)) (P < 0.05). There is no significant difference between ICA-II and ICA. With the treatment of 10 μm ICA-II for 24 and 48 h, nNOS expression was significantly increased in RCCT (P < 0.05), while the eNOS expression level was very low without any change. Notably, ICA-II increased the intracellular NOS activity significantly in vitro in RCCT. Except the PDE5 inhibitory effect, ICA-II increases the intracellular cGMP through the enhancement of nNOS expression and NOS activity in RCCT in vitro. ICA-II implies a potential compound for neurogenic erectile dysfunction by NO-cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Luhe Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Herba Epimedii: anti-oxidative properties and its medical implications. Molecules 2010; 15:7861-70. [PMID: 21060294 PMCID: PMC6259234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is a Chinese herbal medicine with proven efficacy in treating cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, and in improving sexual and neurological functions. This efficacy is found to be related to the potent anti-oxidative ability of Herba Epimedii and its flavonoid components, with icarrin as the main effective constituent, along with polysaccharides and vitamin C. These ingredients have been proven to be effective against oxidative-stress related pathologies (cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and inflammation) in animal rodent models and in vitro studies. Their anti-oxidative properties are found to be related to an inductive effect on endogenous free-radical scavenging enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the inherent electron-donating ability of flavonoids.
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35
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Potential therapeutic agents against Alzheimer’s disease from natural sources. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1589-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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