1
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Ertem T, Uysal O. Differentiation of neural stem cells from human olfactory mucosa into dopaminergic neuron-like cells. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:697-711. [PMID: 38662920 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an alternative treatment method for neurodegenerative diseases with dopaminergic neuron loss such as Parkinson's disease by differentiating cells obtained from human olfactory mucosa-derived neural stem cells (hOM-NSCs) with neurotrophic agents in vitro. hOM-NSCs were isolated and subjected to immunophenotypic and MTT analyses. These hOM-NSCs were then cultured in a 3D environment to form neurospheres. The neurospheres were subjected to immunophenotypic analysis and neuronal differentiation assays. Furthermore, hOM-NSCs were differentiated into dopaminergic neuron-like cells in vitro. After differentiation, the dopaminergic neuron-like cells were subjected to immunophenotypic (TH, MAP2) and genotypic (DAT, PITX3, NURR1, TH) characterization. Flow cytometric analysis showed that NSCs were positive for cell surface markers (CD56, CD133). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that NSCs were positive for markers with neuronal and glial cell characteristics (SOX2, NESTIN, TUBB3, GFAP and NG2). Immunofluorescence analysis after differentiation of hOM-NSCs into dopaminergic neuron-like cells in vitro showed that they were positive for a protein specific for dopaminergic neurons (TH). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of dopaminergic neuron-specific genes (DAT, TH, PITX3, NURR1) was significantly increased. It was concluded that hOM-NSCs may be a source of neural stem cells that can be used for cell replacement therapies in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, are resistant to cell culture, can differentiate into neuronal and glial lineage, are easy to obtain and are cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Ertem
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Onur Uysal
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre, ESTEM, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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2
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Bellon A. Comparing stem cells, transdifferentiation and brain organoids as tools for psychiatric research. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38418498 PMCID: PMC10901833 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The inaccessibility of neurons coming directly from patients has hindered our understanding of mental illnesses at the cellular level. To overcome this obstacle, six different cellular approaches that carry the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders are currently available: Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pluripotent Monocytes, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Induced Neuronal cells and more recently Brain Organoids. Here we contrast advantages and disadvantages of each of these six cell-based methodologies. Neuronal-like cells derived from pluripotent monocytes are presented in more detail as this technique was recently used in psychiatry for the first time. Among the parameters used for comparison are; accessibility, need for reprograming, time to deliver differentiated cells, differentiation efficiency, reproducibility of results and cost. We provide a timeline on the discovery of these cell-based methodologies, but, our main goal is to assist researchers selecting which cellular approach is best suited for any given project. This manuscript also aims to help readers better interpret results from the published literature. With this goal in mind, we end our work with a discussion about the differences and similarities between cell-based techniques and postmortem research, the only currently available tools that allow the study of mental illness in neurons or neuronal-like cells coming directly from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bellon
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, USA.
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3
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Yang K, Ayala-Grosso C, Bhattarai JP, Sheriff A, Takahashi T, Cristino AS, Zelano C, Ma M. Unraveling the Link between Olfactory Deficits and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7501-7510. [PMID: 37940584 PMCID: PMC10634556 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1380-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smell loss has caught public attention during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Research on olfactory function in health and disease gains new momentum. Smell deficits have long been recognized as an early clinical sign associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review research on the associations between olfactory deficits and neuropathological conditions, focusing on recent progress in four areas: (1) human clinical studies of the correlations between smell deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders; (2) development of olfactory mucosa-derived tissue and cell models for studying the molecular pathologic mechanisms; (3) recent findings in brain imaging studies of structural and functional connectivity changes in olfactory pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders; and (4) application of preclinical animal models to validate and extend the findings from human subjects. Together, these studies have provided strong evidence of the link between the olfactory system and neuropsychiatric disorders, highlighting the relevance of deepening our understanding of the role of the olfactory system in pathophysiological processes. Following the lead of studies reviewed here, future research in this field may open the door to the early detection of neuropsychiatric disorders, personalized treatment approaches, and potential therapeutic interventions through nasal administration techniques, such as nasal brush or nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Carlos Ayala-Grosso
- Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela
- Unit of Advanced Therapies, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia 111-611
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Andrew Sheriff
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Alexandre S Cristino
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Minghong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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4
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Tung VSK, Mathews F, Boruk M, Suppa G, Foronjy R, Pato MT, Pato CN, Knowles JA, Evgrafov OV. Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15339. [PMID: 37895019 PMCID: PMC10607243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of neurodevelopmental molecular mechanisms in schizophrenia requires the development of adequate biological models such as patient-derived cells and their derivatives. We previously utilized cell lines with neural progenitor properties (CNON) derived from the superior or middle turbinates of patients with schizophrenia and control groups to study schizophrenia-specific gene expression. In this study, we analyzed single-cell RNA seq data from two CNON cell lines (one derived from an individual with schizophrenia (SCZ) and the other from a control group) and two biopsy samples from the middle turbinate (MT) (also from an individual with SCZ and a control). We compared our data with previously published data regarding the olfactory neuroepithelium and demonstrated that CNON originated from a single cell type present both in middle turbinate and the olfactory neuroepithelium and expressed in multiple markers of mesenchymal cells. To define the relatedness of CNON to the developing human brain, we also compared CNON datasets with scRNA-seq data derived from an embryonic brain and found that the expression profile of the CNON closely matched the expression profile one of the cell types in the embryonic brain. Finally, we evaluated the differences between SCZ and control samples to assess the utility and potential benefits of using CNON single-cell RNA seq to study the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sook Keng Tung
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Fasil Mathews
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Marina Boruk
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Gabrielle Suppa
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Michele T. Pato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (C.N.P.)
| | - Carlos N. Pato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (C.N.P.)
| | - James A. Knowles
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Oleg V. Evgrafov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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5
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Unzueta-Larrinaga P, Barrena-Barbadillo R, Ibarra-Lecue I, Horrillo I, Villate A, Recio M, Meana JJ, Diez-Alarcia R, Mentxaka O, Segarra R, Etxebarria N, Callado LF, Urigüen L. Isolation and Differentiation of Neurons and Glial Cells from Olfactory Epithelium in Living Subjects. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4472-4487. [PMID: 37118325 PMCID: PMC10293402 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of psychiatric and neurological diseases requires the substrate in which the disorders occur, that is, the nervous tissue. Currently, several types of human bio-specimens are being used for research, including postmortem brains, cerebrospinal fluid, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and induced neuronal (iN) cells. However, these samples are far from providing a useful predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarker. The olfactory epithelium is a region close to the brain that has received increased interest as a research tool for the study of brain mechanisms in complex neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. The olfactory sensory neurons are replaced by neurogenesis throughout adult life from stem cells on the basement membrane. These stem cells are multipotent and can be propagated in neurospheres, proliferated in vitro and differentiated into multiple cell types including neurons and glia. For all these reasons, olfactory epithelium provides a unique resource for investigating neuronal molecular markers of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. Here, we describe the isolation and culture of human differentiated neurons and glial cells from olfactory epithelium of living subjects by an easy and non-invasive exfoliation method that may serve as a useful tool for the research in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Unzueta-Larrinaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrena-Barbadillo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Nursery, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Inés Ibarra-Lecue
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor Horrillo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Villate
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- PiE-UPV/EHU, Plentzia, ItsasEstazioa, Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Maria Recio
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Diez-Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oihane Mentxaka
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rafael Segarra
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- PiE-UPV/EHU, Plentzia, ItsasEstazioa, Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Luis F Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Yang K, Evgrafov OV. Editorial: Olfactory neuroepithelium-derived cellular models to study neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1203466. [PMID: 37250419 PMCID: PMC10213714 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Oleg V. Evgrafov
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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7
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Tung VSK, Mathews F, Boruk M, Suppa G, Foronjy R, Pato M, Pato C, Knowles JA, Evgrafov OV. Cultured Mesenchymal Cells from Nasal Turbinate as a Cellular Model of the Neurodevelopmental Component of Schizophrenia Etiology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534295. [PMID: 37034711 PMCID: PMC10081251 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Study of the neurodevelopmental molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia requires the development of adequate biological models such as patient-derived cells and their derivatives. We previously used cell lines with neural progenitor properties (CNON) derived from superior or middle turbinates of patients with schizophrenia and control groups to study gene expression specific to schizophrenia. In this study, we compared single cell-RNA seq data from two CNON cell lines, one derived from an individual with schizophrenia (SCZ) and the other from a control group, with two biopsy samples from the middle turbinate (MT), also from an individual with SCZ and a control. In addition, we compared our data with previously published data from olfactory neuroepithelium (1). Our data demonstrated that CNON originated from a single cell type which is present both in middle turbinate and olfactory neuroepithelium. CNON express multiple markers of mesenchymal cells. In order to define relatedness of CNON to the developing human brain, we also compared CNON datasets with scRNA-seq data of embryonic brain (2) and found that the expression profile of CNON very closely matched one of the cell types in the embryonic brain. Finally, we evaluated differences between SCZ and control samples to assess usability and potential benefits of using single cell RNA-seq of CNON to study etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fasil Mathews
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Marina Boruk
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle Suppa
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlos Pato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University
| | - James A. Knowles
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Oleg V. Evgrafov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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8
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Namkung H, Yukitake H, Fukudome D, Lee BJ, Tian M, Ursini G, Saito A, Lam S, Kannan S, Srivastava R, Niwa M, Sharma K, Zandi P, Jaaro-Peled H, Ishizuka K, Chatterjee N, Huganir RL, Sawa A. The miR-124-AMPAR pathway connects polygenic risks with behavioral changes shared between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuron 2023; 111:220-235.e9. [PMID: 36379214 PMCID: PMC10183200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) are highly heritable major psychiatric disorders that share a substantial portion of genetic risk as well as their clinical manifestations. This raises a fundamental question of whether, and how, common neurobiological pathways translate their shared polygenic risks into shared clinical manifestations. This study shows the miR-124-3p-AMPAR pathway as a key common neurobiological mediator that connects polygenic risks with behavioral changes shared between these two psychotic disorders. We discovered the upregulation of miR-124-3p in neuronal cells and the postmortem prefrontal cortex from both SZ and BP patients. Intriguingly, the upregulation is associated with the polygenic risks shared between these two disorders. Seeking mechanistic dissection, we generated a mouse model that upregulates miR-124-3p in the medial prefrontal cortex. We demonstrated that the upregulation of miR-124-3p increases GRIA2-lacking calcium-permeable AMPARs and perturbs AMPAR-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission, leading to deficits in the behavioral dimensions shared between SZ and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Namkung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gianluca Ursini
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Shravika Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suvarnambiga Kannan
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Minae Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA; Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Baltimore, MD, USA; Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Estrada-Reyes R, Quero-Chávez DB, Alarcón-Elizalde S, Cercós MG, Trueta C, Constantino-Jonapa LA, Oikawa-Sala J, Argueta J, Cruz-Garduño R, Dubocovich ML, Benítez-King GA. Antidepressant Low Doses of Ketamine and Melatonin in Combination Produce Additive Neurogenesis in Human Olfactory Neuronal Precursors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175650. [PMID: 36080418 PMCID: PMC9458007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), an indolamine with diverse functions in the brain, has been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects, presumably through stimulating neurogenesis. We recently showed that the combination of MEL with ketamine (KET), an NMDA receptor antagonist, has robust antidepressant-like effects in mice, at doses that, by themselves, are non-effective and have no adverse effects. Here, we show that the KET/MEL combination increases neurogenesis in a clone derived from human olfactory neuronal precursors, a translational pre-clinical model for effects in the human CNS. Neurogenesis was assessed by the formation of cell clusters > 50 µm in diameter, positively stained for nestin, doublecortin, BrdU and Ki67, markers of progenitor cells, neurogenesis, and proliferation. FGF, EGF and BDNF growth factors increased the number of cell clusters in cultured, cloned ONPs. Similarly, KET or MEL increased the number of clusters in a dose-dependent manner. The KET/MEL combination further increased the formation of clusters, with a maximal effect obtained after a triple administration schedule. Our results show that the combination of KET/MEL, at subeffective doses that do not produce adverse effects, stimulate neurogenesis in human neuronal precursors. Moreover, the mechanism by which the combination elicits neurogenesis is meditated by melatonin receptors, CaM Kinase II and CaM antagonism. This could have clinical advantages for the fast treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Daniel B. Quero-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Salvador Alarcón-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Montserrat G. Cercós
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Citlali Trueta
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Constantino-Jonapa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Julián Oikawa-Sala
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Garduño
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Margarita L. Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Gloria A. Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-5541605097
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10
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Olfactory impairment in psychiatric disorders: Does nasal inflammation impact disease psychophysiology? Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 35927242 PMCID: PMC9352903 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory impairments contribute to the psychopathology of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression. Recent neuroscience research has shed light on the previously underappreciated olfactory neural circuits involved in regulation of higher brain functions. Although environmental factors such as air pollutants and respiratory viral infections are known to contribute to the risk for psychiatric disorders, the role of nasal inflammation in neurobehavioral outcomes and disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we will first provide an overview of published findings on the impact of nasal inflammation in the olfactory system. We will then summarize clinical studies on olfactory impairments in schizophrenia and depression, followed by preclinical evidence on the neurobehavioral outcomes produced by olfactory dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss the potential impact of nasal inflammation on brain development and function, as well as how we can address the role of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. Considering the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which often causes nasal inflammation and serious adverse effects for olfactory function that might result in long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae, this line of research is particularly critical to understanding of the potential significance of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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11
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Bigdai EV, Sinegubov AA. Dysregulation of the cAMP System in Olfactory Neurons in a Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Administration of (+)-MK-801 to Rats. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Jaaro-Peled H, Landek-Salgado MA, Cascella NG, Nucifora FC, Coughlin JM, Nestadt G, Sedlak TW, Lavoie J, De Silva S, Lee S, Tajinda K, Hiyama H, Ishizuka K, Yang K, Sawa A. Sex-specific involvement of the Notch-JAG pathway in social recognition. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35273151 PMCID: PMC8913639 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the hypothesis that olfactory neural epithelium gene expression profiles may be useful to look for disease-relevant neuronal signatures, we examined microarray gene expression in olfactory neuronal cells and underscored Notch-JAG pathway molecules in association with schizophrenia (SZ). The microarray profiling study underscored JAG1 as the most promising candidate. Combined with further validation with real-time PCR, downregulation of NOTCH1 was statistically significant. Accordingly, we reverse-translated the significant finding from a surrogate tissue for neurons, and studied the behavioral profile of Notch1+/- mice. We found a specific impairment in social novelty recognition, whereas other behaviors, such as sociability, novel object recognition and olfaction of social odors, were normal. This social novelty recognition deficit was male-specific and was rescued by rapamycin treatment. Based on the results from the animal model, we next tested whether patients with psychosis might have male-specific alterations in social cognition in association with the expression of NOTCH1 or JAG1. In our first episode psychosis cohort, we observed a specific correlation between the expression of JAG1 and a face processing measure only in male patients. The expression of JAG1 was not correlated with any other cognitive and symptomatic scales in all subjects. Together, although we acknowledge the pioneering and exploratory nature, the present work that combines both human and animal studies in a reciprocal manner suggests a novel role for the Notch-JAG pathway in a behavioral dimension(s) related to social cognition in psychotic disorders in a male-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jaaro-Peled
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Melissa A Landek-Salgado
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicola G Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Frederick C Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joelle Lavoie
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sarah De Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katsunori Tajinda
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hideki Hiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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13
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Guekht AB, Kryukov AI, Kazakova AA, Akzhigitov RG, Gulyaeva NV, Druzhkova TA. [Olfactory disorders as a multidisciplinary problem]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:32-38. [PMID: 36537628 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212212132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a serious symptom that requires careful differential diagnosis. The article presents convincing evidence that dysosmia is not only a symptom of rinological pathology, but also a manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 have neurological symptoms. Modern studies show that olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are significant symptoms in the clinical presentation of the COVID-19 infection. The importance of olfactory diagnostics in relatives of patients with hereditary neurodegenerative diseases for the purpose of early detection of pathology is noted. We consider the possibility of introducing new methods for the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction, which is a promising task both in the field of neurology and otorhinolaryngology, in order to prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases at an early stage, improve the quality of life and social adaptation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Guekht
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Kryukov
- Sverzhevskiy Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kazakova
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - R G Akzhigitov
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gulyaeva
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Druzhkova
- Solov'ev Scientific-Applied Psychoneurology Center, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Takayanagi Y, Ishizuka K, Laursen TM, Yukitake H, Yang K, Cascella NG, Ueda S, Sumitomo A, Narita Z, Horiuchi Y, Niwa M, Taguchi A, White MF, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB, Sakurai T, Sawa A. From population to neuron: exploring common mediators for metabolic problems and mental illnesses. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3931-3942. [PMID: 33173197 PMCID: PMC8514126 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) frequently accompany metabolic conditions, but their relationship is still unclear, in particular at the mechanistic level. We implemented an approach of "from population to neuron", combining population-based epidemiological analysis with neurobiological experiments using cell and animal models based on a hypothesis built from the epidemiological study. We characterized high-quality population data, olfactory neuronal cells biopsied from patients with SZ or BP, and healthy subjects, as well as mice genetically modified for insulin signaling. We accessed the Danish Registry and observed (1) a higher incidence of diabetes in people with SZ or BP and (2) higher incidence of major mental illnesses in people with diabetes in the same large cohort. These epidemiological data suggest the existence of common pathophysiological mediators in both diabetes and major mental illnesses. We hypothesized that molecules associated with insulin resistance might be such common mediators, and then validated the hypothesis by using two independent sets of olfactory neuronal cells biopsied from patients and healthy controls. In the first set, we confirmed an enrichment of insulin signaling-associated molecules among the genes that were significantly different between SZ patients and controls in unbiased expression profiling data. In the second set, olfactory neuronal cells from SZ and BP patients who were not pre-diabetic or diabetic showed reduced IRS2 tyrosine phosphorylation upon insulin stimulation, indicative of insulin resistance. These cells also displayed an upregulation of IRS1 protein phosphorylation at serine-312 at baseline (without insulin stimulation), further supporting the concept of insulin resistance in olfactory neuronal cells from SZ patients. Finally, Irs2 knockout mice showed an aberrant response to amphetamine, which is also observed in some patients with major mental illnesses. The bi-directional relationships between major mental illnesses and diabetes suggest that there may be common pathophysiological mediators associated with insulin resistance underlying these mental and physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M. Laursen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hiroshi Yukitake
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicola G. Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuhei Ueda
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akiko Sumitomo
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Minae Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akiko Taguchi
- Department of Integrative Aging Neuroscience, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Morris F. White
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William W. Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation’s Initiative for Integrative Research, iPSYCH,Center for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, CIRRAU, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Unterholzner J, Millischer V, Wotawa C, Sawa A, Lanzenberger R. Making Sense of Patient-Derived iPSCs, Transdifferentiated Neurons, Olfactory Neuronal Cells, and Cerebral Organoids as Models for Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:759-775. [PMID: 34216465 PMCID: PMC8538891 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of experimental models for disorders requires a constant approximation towards the dysregulated tissue. In psychiatry, where an impairment of neuronal structure and function is assumed to play a major role in disease mechanisms and symptom development, this approximation is an ongoing process implicating various fields. These include genetic, animal, and post-mortem studies. To test hypotheses generated through these studies, in vitro models using non-neuronal cells such as fibroblasts and lymphocytes have been developed. For brain network disorders, cells with neuronal signatures would, however, represent a more adequate tissue. Considering the limited accessibility of brain tissue, research has thus turned towards neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells as well as directly induced neurons, cerebral organoids, and olfactory neuroepithelium. Regarding the increasing importance and amount of research using these neuronal cells, this review aims to provide an overview of all these models to make sense of the current literature. The development of each model system and its use as a model for the various psychiatric disorder categories will be laid out. Also, advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed, including a reflection on implications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Wotawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Prof. Rupert Lanzenberger, MD, PD, NEUROIMAGING LABS (NIL) - PET, MRI, EEG, TMS & Chemical Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria ()
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16
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Richetto J, Meyer U. Epigenetic Modifications in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Molecular Scars of Environmental Exposures and Source of Phenotypic Variability. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:215-226. [PMID: 32381277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized to play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders with developmental origins. Here, we summarize clinical and preclinical findings of epigenetic alterations in schizophrenia and relevant disease models and discuss their putative origin. Recent findings suggest that certain schizophrenia risk loci can influence stochastic variation in gene expression through epigenetic processes, highlighting the intricate interaction between genetic and epigenetic control of neurodevelopmental trajectories. In addition, a substantial portion of epigenetic alterations in schizophrenia and related disorders may be acquired through environmental factors and may be manifested as molecular "scars." Some of these scars can influence brain functions throughout the entire lifespan and may even be transmitted across generations via epigenetic germline inheritance. Epigenetic modifications, whether caused by genetic or environmental factors, are plausible molecular sources of phenotypic heterogeneity and offer a target for therapeutic interventions. The further elucidation of epigenetic modifications thus may increase our knowledge regarding schizophrenia's heterogeneous etiology and pathophysiology and, in the long term, may advance personalized treatments through the use of biomarker-guided epigenetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Richetto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Senf K, Karius J, Stumm R, Neuhaus EM. Chemokine signaling is required for homeostatic and injury-induced neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium. Stem Cells 2021; 39:617-635. [PMID: 33470495 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) possesses unique lifelong neuroregenerative capacities and undergoes constitutive neurogenesis throughout mammalian lifespan. Two populations of stem cells, frequently dividing globose basal cells (GBCs) and quiescent horizontal basal cells (HBCs), readily replace olfactory neurons throughout lifetime. Although lineage commitment and neuronal differentiation of stem cells has already been described in terms of transcription factor expression, little is known about external factors balancing between differentiation and self-renewal. We show here that expression of the CXC-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) distinguishes both types of stem cells. Extensive colocalization analysis revealed exclusive expression of CXCR4 in proliferating GBCs and their neuronal progenies. Moreover, only neuronal lineage cells were derived from CXCR4-CreER-tdTomato reporter mice in the OE. Furthermore, Cre-tdTomato mice specific for HBCs (Nestin+ and Cytokeratin14+) did not reduce CXCR4 expression when bred to mice bearing floxed CXCR4 alleles, and did not show labeling of the neuronal cells. CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 were markedly upregulated upon induction of GBC proliferation during injury-induced regeneration. in vivo overexpression of CXCL12 did downregulate CXCR4 levels, which results in reduced GBC maintenance and neuronal differentiation. We proved that these effects were caused by CXCR4 downregulation rather than over-activation by showing that the phenotypes of CXCL12-overexpressing mice were highly similar to the phenotypes of CXCR4 knockout mice. Our results demonstrate functional CXCR4 signaling in GBCs regulates cell cycle exit and neural differentiation. We propose that CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling is an essential regulator of olfactory neurogenesis and provide new insights into the dynamics of neurogenesis in the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Senf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Karius
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva M Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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18
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Widespread transcriptional disruption of the microRNA biogenesis machinery in brain and peripheral tissues of individuals with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:376. [PMID: 33149139 PMCID: PMC7642431 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In schizophrenia, altered transcription in brain and peripheral tissues may be due to altered expression of the microRNA biogenesis machinery genes. In this study, we explore the expression of these genes both at the cerebral and peripheral levels. We used shinyGEO application to analyze gene expression from ten Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, in order to perform differential expression analyses for eight genes encoding the microRNA biogenesis machinery. First, we compared expression of the candidate genes between control subjects and individuals with schizophrenia in postmortem cerebral samples from seven different brain regions. Then, we compared the expression of the candidate genes between control subjects and individuals with schizophrenia in three peripheral tissues. In brain and peripheral tissues of individuals with schizophrenia, we report distinct altered expression patterns of the microRNA biogenesis machinery genes. In the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, associative striatum and cerebellum of individuals with schizophrenia, we observed an overexpression pattern of some candidate genes suggesting a heightened miRNA production in these brain regions. Additionally, mixed transcriptional abnormalities were identified in the hippocampus. Moreover, in the blood and olfactory epithelium of individuals with schizophrenia, we observed distinct aberrant transcription patterns of the candidate genes. Remarkably, in individuals with schizophrenia, we report DICER1 overexpression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum as well as a congruent DICER1 upregulation in the blood compartment suggesting that it may represent a peripheral marker. Transcriptional disruption of the miRNA biogenesis machinery may contribute to schizophrenia pathogenesis both in brain and peripheral tissues.
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Rey R, Suaud-Chagny MF, Bohec AL, Dorey JM, d'Amato T, Tamouza R, Leboyer M. Overexpression of complement component C4 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, superior temporal gyrus and associative striatum of patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:216-225. [PMID: 32827700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In schizophrenia, abnormal synaptic pruning during adolescence may be due to altered expression of the Complement component 4 (C4). Overexpression of C4 genes has been identified in the total cerebral cortex and in 6 different brain regions of schizophrenic patients compared to controls. These alterations should be replicated and extended to other brain regions relevant to schizophrenia. Moreover, it remains unknown whether cerebral and peripheral C4 expression levels are related. METHODS We explored C4 genes expression both at the cerebral and peripheral levels. Using shinyGEO application we analyzed C4 expression from eight Gene Expression Omnibus datasets obtained from 196 schizophrenic patients and 182 control subjects. First, we compared C4 expression between schizophrenic patients and controls in postmortem cerebral samples from 7 different brain regions. Then, we compared C4 expression between schizophrenic patients and controls in 4 peripheral tissues. RESULTS At the cerebral level, we provide further evidence of C4 overexpression in schizophrenic patients. Consistently with a previous report, we found C4 overexpression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in the parietal cortex of schizophrenic patients. The observation of C4 overexpression was further extended to the superior temporal cortex and the associative striatum of schizophrenic patients. Conversely, no significant alteration of C4 expression was observed in peripheral tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis of an excessive Complement activity in various brain regions of schizophrenic patients which may disrupt the synaptic pruning process occurring during adolescence. C4 overexpression may be specific to the cerebral tissue while other alterations of the Complement system may be detected at the systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rey
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
| | - Marie-Françoise Suaud-Chagny
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France
| | - Anne-Lise Bohec
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Thierry d'Amato
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69000, France; Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, France; University Paris-Est-Créteil, UPEC, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry Team, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, France; University Paris-Est-Créteil, UPEC, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry Team, Créteil, France
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20
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Evgrafov OV, Armoskus C, Wrobel BB, Spitsyna VN, Souaiaia T, Herstein JS, Walker CP, Nguyen JD, Camarena A, Weitz JR, Kim JMH, Lopez Duarte E, Wang K, Simpson GM, Sobell JL, Medeiros H, Pato MT, Pato CN, Knowles JA. Gene Expression in Patient-Derived Neural Progenitors Implicates WNT5A Signaling in the Etiology of Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:236-247. [PMID: 32143829 PMCID: PMC10947993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia have demonstrated that variations in noncoding regions are responsible for most of the common variation heritability of the disease. It is hypothesized that these risk variants alter gene expression. Therefore, studying alterations in gene expression in schizophrenia may provide a direct approach to understanding the etiology of the disease. In this study we use cultured neural progenitor cells derived from olfactory neuroepithelium (CNON cells) as a genetically unaltered cellular model to elucidate the neurodevelopmental aspects of schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a gene expression study using RNA sequencing of CNON cells from 111 control subjects and 144 individuals with schizophrenia. Differentially expressed genes were identified with DESeq2 software, using covariates to correct for sex, age, library batches, and 1 surrogate variable component. RESULTS A total of 80 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate < 10%), showing enrichment in cell migration, cell adhesion, developmental process, synapse assembly, cell proliferation, and related Gene Ontology categories. Cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways were positive in overrepresentation test, and, in addition, many genes were specifically involved in WNT5A signaling. The differentially expressed genes were modestly, but significantly, enriched in the genes overlapping single nucleotide polymorphisms with genome-wide significant association from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study of schizophrenia. We also found substantial overlap with genes associated with other psychiatric disorders or brain development, enrichment in the same Gene Ontology categories as genes with mutations de novo in schizophrenia, and studies of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS CNON cells are a good model of the neurodevelopmental aspects of schizophrenia and can be used to elucidate the etiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Evgrafov
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Chris Armoskus
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bozena B Wrobel
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Valeria N Spitsyna
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tade Souaiaia
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jennifer S Herstein
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher P Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph D Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adrian Camarena
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan R Weitz
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jae Mun Hugo Kim
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edder Lopez Duarte
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kai Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George M Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janet L Sobell
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Helena Medeiros
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michele T Pato
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Carlos N Pato
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - James A Knowles
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
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21
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Tomoda T, Yang K, Sawa A. Neuronal Autophagy in Synaptic Functions and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:787-796. [PMID: 31542152 PMCID: PMC6986983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic maintenance of physiological functions is fundamental to organismal well-being. Disruption or imbalance in homeostasis results in functional disturbances at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels, leading to manifestation as physical and mental illnesses. Homeostatic imbalance is caused by a range of pathophysiological mechanisms, including disrupted reduction-oxidation reactions, inflammatory responses, metabolic disturbances, or failure in quality control of cellular proteins and organelles. However, the roles for the protein/organelle quality control in the regulation of behaviors, in particular of cognitive processes, had not been well documented, until recent reports finally supported this concept. The frontline studies in neuroscience have revealed that synaptic components (e.g., synaptic proteins, organelles, neurotransmitters and their receptors) are selectively degraded by autophagy, a cellular recycling machinery implicated in surveillance and quality control of proteins and organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Apart from the canonical role of autophagy in supporting cell viability, synaptic autophagy appears to regulate synapse remodeling and plasticity. Consistently, emerging evidence suggests novel roles of autophagy in memory encoding, information processing, or cognitive functions. In this review, we overview recent progress in understanding the roles of neuronal autophagy in homeostatic maintenance of synaptic functions, with particular focus on how disruptions in these processes may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tomoda
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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22
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Guinart D, Moreno E, Galindo L, Cuenca-Royo A, Barrera-Conde M, Pérez EJ, Fernández-Avilés C, Correll CU, Canela EI, Casadó V, Cordomi A, Pardo L, de la Torre R, Pérez V, Robledo P. Altered Signaling in CB1R-5-HT2AR Heteromers in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells of Schizophrenia Patients is Modulated by Cannabis Use. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1547-1557. [PMID: 32249318 PMCID: PMC7846100 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) has been associated with serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems dysregulation, but difficulty in obtaining in vivo neurological tissue has limited its exploration. We investigated CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer expression and functionality via intracellular pERK and cAMP quantification in olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of SCZ patients non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc), and evaluated whether cannabis modulated these parameters in patients using cannabis (SCZ/c). Results were compared vs healthy controls non-cannabis users (HC/nc) and healthy controls cannabis users (HC/c). Further, antipsychotic effects on heteromer signaling were tested in vitro in HC/nc and HC/c. Results indicated that heteromer expression was enhanced in both SCZ groups vs HC/nc. Additionally, pooling all 4 groups together, heteromer expression correlated with worse attentional performance and more neurological soft signs (NSS), indicating that these changes may be useful markers for neurocognitive impairment. Remarkably, the previously reported signaling properties of CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromers in ON cells were absent, specifically in SCZ/nc treated with clozapine. These findings were mimicked in cells from HC/nc exposed to clozapine, suggesting a major role of this antipsychotic in altering the quaternary structure of the CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer in SCZ/nc patients. In contrast, cells from SCZ/c showed enhanced heteromer functionality similar to HC/c. Our data highlight a molecular marker of the interaction between antipsychotic medication and cannabis use in SCZ with relevance for future studies evaluating its association with specific neuropsychiatric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Guinart
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Galindo
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barrera-Conde
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ezequiel J Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enric I Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomi
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Neuropsychiatry and Addictions Institute (INAD) of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental G21, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed; IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, PRBB, Calle Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; telephone: +34 93 316 0455; e-mail:
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23
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Developmental Potential and Plasticity of Olfactory Epithelium Stem Cells Revealed by Heterotopic Grafting in the Adult Brain. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:692-702. [PMID: 32243847 PMCID: PMC7160358 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the olfactory epithelium (OE) regenerate damaged olfactory sensory neurons throughout adulthood. The accessibility and availability of these NSCs in living individuals, including humans, makes them a promising candidate for harvesting their potential for cell replacement therapies. However, this requires an in-depth understanding of their developmental potential after grafting. Here, we investigated the developmental potential and plasticity of mouse OE-derived NSCs after grafting into the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenic niche. Our results showed that OE-derived NSCs integrate and proliferate just like endogenous SVZ stem cells, migrate with similar dynamics as endogenous neuroblasts toward the olfactory bulb, and mature and acquire similar electrophysiological properties as endogenous adult-born bulbar interneurons. These results reveal the developmental potential and plasticity of OE-derived NSCs in vivo and show that they can respond to heterotopic neurogenic cues to adapt their phenotype and become functional neurons in ectopic brain regions. OE-derived NSCs integrate in the SVZ after heterotopic transplantation OE-derived NSCs respond to SVZ niche factors and change their developmental program The development of OE-derived and SVZ NSCs are indistinguishable OE-derived NSCs grafted into the SVZ become functional bulbar interneurons
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24
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Effects of Cannabis Use on the Protein and Lipid Profile of Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells from Schizophrenia Patients Studied by Synchrotron-Based FTIR Spectroscopy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020329. [PMID: 32092878 PMCID: PMC7072126 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a high genetic component, but the presence of environmental stressors can be important for its onset and progression. Cannabis use can be a major risk factor for developing SCZ. However, despite the available data on the neurobiological underpinnings of SCZ, there is an important lack of studies in human neuronal tissue and living cells addressing the effects of cannabis in SCZ patients. In this study, we analysed the most relevant bio-macromolecular constituents in olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of healthy controls non-cannabis users, healthy cannabis users, SCZ patients non-cannabis users, and SCZ patients cannabis users using Synchrotron Radiation-Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) spectrometry and microscopy. Our results revealed that SCZ patients non-cannabis users, and healthy cannabis users exhibit similar alterations in the macromolecular profile of ON cells, including disruption in lipid composition, increased lipid membrane renewal rate and lipid peroxidation, altered proteins containing more β-sheet structures, and showed an increase in DNA and histone methylation. Notably, these alterations were not observed in SCZ patients who use cannabis regularly. These data suggest a differential effect of cannabis in healthy controls and in SCZ patients in terms of the macromolecular constituents of ON cells.
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25
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Evaluation of the methoxy-X04 derivative BSC4090 for diagnosis of prodromal and early Alzheimer's disease from bioptic olfactory mucosa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:973-984. [PMID: 30421149 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology precedes the onset of clinical symptoms by several decades. Thus, biomarkers are required to identify prodromal disease stages to allow for the early and effective treatment. The methoxy-X04-derivative BSC4090 is a fluorescent ligand which was designed to target neurofibrillary tangles in AD. BSC4090 staining was previously detected in post-mortem brains and olfactory mucosa derived from AD patients. We tested BSC4090 as a potential diagnostic marker of prodromal and early AD using olfactory mucosa biopsies from 12 individuals with AD, 13 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 10 cognitively normal (CN) controls. Receiver-operating curve analysis revealed areas under the curve of 0.78 for AD versus CN and of 0.86 for MCI due to AD versus MCI of other causes. BSC4090 labeling correlated significantly with cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau protein phosphorylated at T181. Using NMR spectroscopy, we find that BSC4090 binds to fibrillar and pre-fibrillar but not to monomeric tau. Thus, BSC4090 may be an interesting candidate to detect AD at the early disease stages.
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26
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Riquelme A, Valdés-Tovar M, Ugalde O, Maya-Ampudia V, Fernández M, Mendoza-Durán L, Rodríguez-Cárdenas L, Benítez-King G. Potential Use of Exfoliated and Cultured Olfactory Neuronal Precursors for In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: A Pilot Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:87-98. [PMID: 31414299 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological hallmarks of dementia have been described postmortem in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau, a microtubule associated protein, is abnormally arranged in neurofibrillary tangles. In living AD patients, total tau (t-tau) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture. Herein, we studied the t-tau and p-tau levels as well as the subcellular distribution of t-tau in olfactory neuronal precursors obtained by exfoliation of the nasal cavity of AD patients and control participants. Data showed that t-tau and p-tau levels were increased in cell homogenates from AD patients. Also, t-tau immunoreactivity was arranged in a punctate pattern in olfactory neuronal precursors derived from an AD participant with 5 years of evolution and in the oldest participants, either control subjects or those with Alzheimer's disease. Results support that exfoliated neuronal precursors have tau alterations demonstrated in postmortem brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid. This evidence and because the obtainment of olfactory neuronal precursors is a noninvasive procedure, detection of tau alterations shown here might be useful for an early diagnosis of AD-type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Cellular Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Program in Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Ugalde
- Clínica de Psicogeriatría, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Maya-Ampudia
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Fernández
- Clínica de Psicogeriatría, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Mendoza-Durán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leslye Rodríguez-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo-Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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27
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Kryukov AI, Valikhov MP, Tsarapkin GY, Tovmasyan AS, Arzamazov SG, Kondratiev NV, Kostyuk GP, Golimbet VE. [Isolation of neurospheres and neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2019; 84:31-35. [PMID: 30938339 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20198401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) is an accessible source of neural stem cells and progenitor cells. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of various biopsy sites to isolate and propagate neural progenitor cells from the olfactory epithelium (OE). The authors assessed OE cell count in OE in different sites of the nasal cavity and showed the possibility of isolation neurospheres from nasal biopsies. In total, 45 inpatinets were included in the study. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 patients undergoing septoplasty and/or turbinate surgery. Three areas of OE were biopsied: lower third section of the nasal septum (A), anterior part of the middle turbinate (B), upper third of the nasal septum (C). Immunocytochemistry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that OE cells were NCAM-positive. Mean percentage of NCAM+ cells was 7.8% for A, 42.7% for B and 18.2% for C. The difference was significant between A and B (p=0.0001) and B and C (p=0.01). Therefore, the anterior part of the middle turbinate was an easily accessible and safe site to obtain neural cells. To confirm this, neurospheres were obtained in 15 patients with schizophrenia who underwent in-office endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Kryukov
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152; Department of otorhinolaryngology medical faculty of Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - M P Valikhov
- V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology National Scientific Research Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia, 119034
| | - G Yu Tsarapkin
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - A S Tovmasyan
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - S G Arzamazov
- The Sverzhevskiy's Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - N V Kondratiev
- The Mental Health Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - G P Kostyuk
- V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology National Scientific Research Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia, 119034; Psychiatry Clinical Hospital #1 named after N.A. Alekseeva, Moscow, Russia, 117152
| | - V E Golimbet
- The Mental Health Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 115522
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28
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Sumitomo A, Yukitake H, Hirai K, Horike K, Ueta K, Chung Y, Warabi E, Yanagawa T, Kitaoka S, Furuyashiki T, Narumiya S, Hirano T, Niwa M, Sibille E, Hikida T, Sakurai T, Ishizuka K, Sawa A, Tomoda T. Ulk2 controls cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance via autophagic regulation of p62 and GABAA receptor trafficking in pyramidal neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3165-3176. [PMID: 29893844 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in intracellular degradation and maintenance of cellular homeostasis in all cells, including neurons. Although a recent study reported a copy number variation of Ulk2, a gene essential for initiating autophagy, associated with a case of schizophrenia (SZ), it remains to be studied whether Ulk2 dysfunction could underlie the pathophysiology of the disease. Here we show that Ulk2 heterozygous (Ulk2+/-) mice have upregulated expression of sequestosome-1/p62, an autophagy-associated stress response protein, predominantly in pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and exhibit behavioral deficits associated with the PFC functions, including attenuated sensorimotor gating and impaired cognition. Ulk2+/- neurons showed imbalanced excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission, due in part to selective down-modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor surface expression in pyramidal neurons. Genetically reducing p62 gene dosage or suppressing p62 protein levels with an autophagy-inducing agent restored the GABAA receptor surface expression and rescued the behavioral deficits in Ulk2+/- mice. Moreover, expressing a short peptide that specifically interferes with the interaction of p62 and GABAA receptor-associated protein, a protein that regulates endocytic trafficking of GABAA receptors, also restored the GABAA receptor surface expression and rescued the behavioral deficits in Ulk2+/- mice. Thus, the current study reveals a novel mechanism linking deregulated autophagy to functional disturbances of the nervous system relevant to SZ, through regulation of GABAA receptor surface presentation in pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sumitomo
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukitake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazuko Hirai
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouta Horike
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisho Ueta
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Youjin Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shiho Kitaoka
- CREST Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- CREST Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- CREST Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hirano
- Department of Biophysics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minae Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshifumi Tomoda
- Department of Research and Drug Discovery, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Namkung H, Lee BJ, Sawa A. Causal Inference on Pathophysiological Mediators in Psychiatry. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:17-23. [PMID: 30850434 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Supported by technological advances and collaborative efforts, psychiatric genetics has provided robust genetic findings in the past decade, particularly through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, translating these genetic findings into biological mechanisms and new therapies has been enormously challenging because of the complexity of their interpretation. Furthermore, the heterogeneity among patients with the same diagnosis, such as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder, challenges the biological validity of existing categorical approaches in clinical nosology, which is further complicated by the pleiotropic nature of many genetic variants across multiple disorders. Therefore, in the post-GWAS era, the greatest challenge lies in integrating such enriched genetic information with functional dimensions of neurobiological measures and observable behaviors. In this integration, the causal inference from genotypes to phenotypes through intermediate biological processes is of particular importance. In this review, we aim to construct an intellectual framework in which we may obtain causal, mechanistic insights into how multifactorial etiologies-in particular, many genetic variants-affect downstream biological pathways that lead to dimensions of psychiatric relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Namkung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Brian J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland 21287, USA
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30
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He Y, Li Z, Ma X, Yuan L, Ouyang L, Tang J, Tsuang MT, Chen X. Olfactory and cognitive functions in Chinese individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:51-53. [PMID: 30579181 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal olfactory function has been regarded as a sign in psychosis. To confirm the theory that olfactory and cognitive functions are deficient in Chinese cohort with clinical high risk state of psychosis, 19 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRs) and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The CHRs scored significantly lower than the HCs in the olfactory identification test and all other cognitive tests. Our findings suggest that olfactory dysfunction may be an early change of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zongchang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lijun Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Golimbet VE, Kryukov AI, Kostyuk GP, Arzamasov SG, Tsarapkin GY. [Olfactory neuroepithelium as a model for the studies of molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:111-114. [PMID: 30040811 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811861111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) is shown to be a suitable experimental model to study neuronal biomarkers of psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Olfactory neuronal precursors can be useful for studying neurodevelopmental stages, neuronal markers, pharmacological screening. However, a limited number of research groups have used this cell model in a small number of patients and healthy people that can be explained by several factors. Based on literature reports and own research, the authors analyze the advantages and limitations of OE-derived cell/tissue models. The main limitations of these models are decreased rate of harvesting and culturing OE-derived cell and low percentage of patients who agreed to participate in the study. Our results showed that only 10% of patients with schizophrenia signed informed consent for nasal biopsy, 80% of them underwent biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A I Kryukov
- Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - G P Kostyuk
- Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Arzamasov
- Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Tsarapkin
- Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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McLean CK, Narayan S, Lin SY, Rai N, Chung Y, Hipolito MS, Cascella NG, Nurnberger JI, Ishizuka K, Sawa AS, Nwulia EA. Lithium-associated transcriptional regulation of CRMP1 in patient-derived olfactory neurons and symptom changes in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:81. [PMID: 29666369 PMCID: PMC5904136 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that lithium used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) affects molecular targets that are involved in neuronal growth, survival, and maturation, but it remains unclear if neuronal alterations in any of these molecules predict specific symptom changes in BD patients undergoing lithium monotherapy. The goals of this study were to (a) determine which molecular changes in the olfactory neurons of symptomatic patients receiving lithium are associated with antimanic or antidepressant response, and (b) uncover novel intraneuronal regulatory mechanisms of lithium therapy. Twenty-two treatment-naïve non-smoking patients, with symptomatic BD underwent nasal biopsies for collection of olfactory tissues, prior to their treatment and following a 6-week course of lithium monotherapy. Sixteen healthy controls were also biopsied. Combining laser capture microdissection with real-time polymerase chain reaction, we investigated baseline and treatment-associated transcriptional changes in candidate molecular targets of lithium action in the olfactory neuroepithelium. Baseline mRNA levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) genes were significantly associated with BD status and with severity of mood symptoms. Among BD subjects, treatment-associated downregulation of CRMP1 expression was most predictive of decreases in both manic and depressive symptoms. This study provides a novel insight into the relevance of CRMP1, a key molecule in semaphorin-3A signaling during neurodevelopment, in the molecular mechanism of action of lithium, and in the pathophysiology of BD. It supports the use of human-derived olfactory neuronal tissues in the evaluation of treatment response of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlee K. McLean
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Soumya Narayan
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sandra Y. Lin
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Narayan Rai
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Youjin Chung
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - MariaMananita S. Hipolito
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Nicola G. Cascella
- grid.415690.fDepartment of Psychiatry, Sheppard Pratt Health Systems, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- 0000 0001 0790 959Xgrid.411377.7Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Akira S. Sawa
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Evaristus A. Nwulia
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
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Liu C, Jiao C, Wang K, Yuan N. DNA Methylation and Psychiatric Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 157:175-232. [PMID: 29933950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been an important area of research in the study of molecular mechanism to psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that abnormalities in global methylation, methylation of genes, and pathways could play a role in the etiology of many forms of mental illness. In this article, we review the mechanisms of DNA methylation, including the genetic and environmental factors affecting methylation changes. We report and discuss major findings regarding DNA methylation in psychiatric patients, both within the context of global methylation studies and gene-specific methylation studies. Finally, we discuss issues surrounding data quality improvement, the limitations of current methylation analysis methods, and the possibility of using DNA methylation-based treatment for psychiatric disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States; School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chuan Jiao
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Though olfactory deficits are well-documented in schizophrenia, fewer studies have examined olfactory performance profiles across the psychosis spectrum. The current study examined odor identification, discrimination, and detection threshold performance in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depression with psychotic features, and other psychotic conditions. METHOD FEP patients (n = 97) and healthy adults (n = 98) completed birhinal assessments of odor identification, discrimination, and detection threshold sensitivity for lyral and citralva. Participants also completed measures of anticipatory pleasure, anhedonia, and empathy. Differences in olfactory performances were assessed between FEP patients and controls and within FEP subgroups. Sex-stratified post hoc analyses were employed for a complete analysis of sex differences. Relationships between self-report measures and olfactory scores were also examined. RESULTS Individuals with psychosis had poorer scores across all olfactory measures when compared to the control group. Within the psychosis cohort, patients with schizophrenia-associated psychosis had poorer odor identification, discrimination, and citralva detection threshold scores relative to controls. In schizophrenia patients, greater olfactory disturbance was associated with increased negative symptomatology, greater self-reported anhedonia, and lower self-reported anticipatory pleasure. Patients with mood-associated psychosis performed comparable to controls though men and women in this cohort showed differential olfactory profiles. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that olfactory deficits extend beyond measures of odor identification in FEP with greater deficits observed in schizophrenia-related subgroups of psychosis. Studies examining whether greater olfactory dysfunction confers greater risk for developing schizophrenia relative to other forms of psychosis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Division of Medical Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 218, Baltimore, MD 21287-7218, US; tel: 410-614-6342, fax: 410-955-0504, e-mail:
| | - Patricia Lasutschinkow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Variability of the Expression of Reference Genes in Samples of Human Olfactory Epithelium. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:655-657. [PMID: 29577185 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed variability of the expression of three reference genes in biopsy samples of the olfactory epithelium obtained from healthy volunteers. The expression of B2M, HPRT1, and CASC3 genes was analyzed by real-time PCR. The pairs of genes B2M-HPRT1 and B2M-CASC3 were found to possess minimum individual variability of expression and can be reliable candidates for the reference genes in analysis of gene expression in neural cells.
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36
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Sokpor G, Abbas E, Rosenbusch J, Staiger JF, Tuoc T. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Control of Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium Development. Mol Neurobiol 2018. [PMID: 29532253 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) represents a major aspect of the peripheral olfactory system. It is a pseudostratified tissue that originates from the olfactory placode and is composed of diverse cells, some of which are specialized receptor neurons capable of transducing odorant stimuli to afford the perception of smell (olfaction). The OE is known to offer a tractable miniature model for studying the systematic generation of neurons and glia that typify neural tissue development. During OE development, stem/progenitor cells that will become olfactory sensory neurons and/or non-neuronal cell types display fine spatiotemporal expression of neuronal and non-neuronal genes that ensures their proper proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. Many factors, including transcription and epigenetic factors, have been identified as key regulators of the expression of such requisite genes to permit normal OE morphogenesis. Typically, specific interactive regulatory networks established between transcription and epigenetic factors/cofactors orchestrate histogenesis in the embryonic and adult OE. Hence, investigation of these regulatory networks critical for OE development promises to disclose strategies that may be employed in manipulating the stepwise transition of olfactory precursor cells to become fully differentiated and functional neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Such strategies potentially offer formidable means of replacing injured or degenerated neural cells as therapeutics for nervous system perturbations. This review recapitulates the developmental cellular diversity of the olfactory neuroepithelium and discusses findings on how the precise and cooperative molecular control by transcriptional and epigenetic machinery is indispensable for OE ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Sokpor
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eman Abbas
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joachim Rosenbusch
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany. .,DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
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Galindo L, Moreno E, López-Armenta F, Guinart D, Cuenca-Royo A, Izquierdo-Serra M, Xicota L, Fernandez C, Menoyo E, Fernández-Fernández JM, Benítez-King G, Canela EI, Casadó V, Pérez V, de la Torre R, Robledo P. Cannabis Users Show Enhanced Expression of CB1-5HT2A Receptor Heteromers in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6347-6361. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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