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Wieloch T, Grabner M, Augusti A, Serk H, Ehlers I, Yu J, Schleucher J. Metabolism is a major driver of hydrogen isotope fractionation recorded in tree-ring glucose of Pinus nigra. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:449-461. [PMID: 35114006 PMCID: PMC9306475 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope abundances convey valuable information about plant physiological processes and underlying environmental controls. Central gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hydrogen isotope abundances impede their widespread application within the plant and biogeosciences. To address these gaps, we analysed intramolecular deuterium abundances in glucose of Pinus nigra extracted from an annually resolved tree-ring series (1961-1995). We found fractionation signals (i.e. temporal variability in deuterium abundance) at glucose H1 and H2 introduced by closely related metabolic processes. Regression analysis indicates that these signals (and thus metabolism) respond to drought and atmospheric CO2 concentration beyond a response change point. They explain ≈ 60% of the whole-molecule deuterium variability. Altered metabolism is associated with below-average yet not exceptionally low growth. We propose the signals are introduced at the leaf level by changes in sucrose-to-starch carbon partitioning and anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin-Benson cycle. In conclusion, metabolism can be the main driver of hydrogen isotope variation in plant glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Michael Grabner
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable MaterialsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna3430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | - Angela Augusti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial EcosystemsNational Research CouncilPorano (TR)05010Italy
| | - Henrik Serk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Ina Ehlers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
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2
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Ichie T, Igarashi S, Yoshihara R, Takayama K, Kenzo T, Niiyama K, Nur Hajar ZS, Hyodo F, Tayasu I. Verification of the accuracy of the recent 50 years of tree growth and long‐term change in intrinsic water‐use efficiency using xylem Δ
14
C and δ
13
C in trees in an aseasonal tropical rainforest. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - Shuichi Igarashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - Kanae Takayama
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Tsukuba Japan
| | - Kaoru Niiyama
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | | | - Fujio Hyodo
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Ichiro Tayasu
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto Japan
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3
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Tan TL, Zulkifli NA, Zaman ASK, Jusoh MB, Yaapar MN, Rashid SA. Impact of photoluminescent carbon quantum dots on photosynthesis efficiency of rice and corn crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:737-751. [PMID: 33799185 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental biochemical processes on earth such that it is vital to the existence of most lives on this planet. In fact, unravelling the potentials in enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer process, which are thought to improve plant growth is one of the emerging approaches in tackling modern agricultural shortcomings. In light of this, zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots (CQD) have emerged and garnered much interest in recent years which can enhance photosynthesis by modulating the associated electron transfer process. In this work, CQD was extracted from empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar using a green acid-free microwave method. The resulting CQD was characterized using HRTEM, PL, UV-Vis and XPS. Typical rice (C3) and corn (C4) crops were selected in the present study in order to compare the significant effect of CQD on the two different photosynthetic pathways of crops. CQD was first introduced into crop via foliar spraying application instead of localised placement of CQD before seedling development. The influence of CQD on the photosynthetic efficiency of rice (C3) and corn (C4) leaves was determined by measuring both carbon dioxide conversion and the stomatal conductance of the leaf. As a result, the introduction of CQD greatly enhanced the photosynthesis in CQD-exposed crops. This is the first study focusing on phylogenetically constrained differences in photosynthetic responses between C3 and C4 crops upon CQD exposure, which gives a better insight into the understanding of photosynthesis process and shows considerable promise in nanomaterial research for sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ling Tan
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Atiqah Zulkifli
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mashitah Binti Jusoh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazmin Yaapar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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4
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Rayback SA, Belmecheri S, Gagen MH, Lini A, Gregory R, Jenkins C. North American temperate conifer (Tsuga canadensis) reveals a complex physiological response to climatic and anthropogenic stressors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1781-1795. [PMID: 33439504 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 (ca) is expected to promote tree growth and lower water loss via changes in leaf gas exchange. However, uncertainties remain if gas-exchange regulation strategies are homeostatic or dynamical in response to increasing ca, as well as evolving climate and pollution inputs. Using a suite of tree ring-based δ13C-derived physiological parameters (Δ13C, ci, iWUE) and tree growth from a mesic, low elevation stand of canopy-dominant Tsuga canadensis in north-eastern USA, we investigated the influence of rising ca, climate and pollution on, and characterised the dynamical regulation strategy of, leaf gas exchange at multidecadal scales. Isotopic and growth time series revealed an evolving physiological response in which the species shifted its leaf gas-exchange strategy dynamically (constant ci; constant ci/ca; constant ca - ci) in response to rising ca, moisture availability and site conditions over 111 yr. Tree iWUE plateaued after 1975, driven by greater moisture availability and a changing soil biogeochemistry that may have impaired a stomatal response. Results suggested that trees may exhibit more complex physiological responses to the changing environmental conditions over multidecadal periods, and complicating the parameterisation of Earth system models and the estimation of future carbon sink capacity and water balance in midlatitude forests and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly A Rayback
- Department of Geography, University of Vermont, 207 Old Mill Building, 94 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Soumaya Belmecheri
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mary H Gagen
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andrea Lini
- Department of Geology, University of Vermont, 319 Delehanty Hall, 180 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rachel Gregory
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Catherine Jenkins
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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5
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Zuidema PA, Heinrich I, Rahman M, Vlam M, Zwartsenberg SA, van der Sleen P. Recent CO 2 rise has modified the sensitivity of tropical tree growth to rainfall and temperature. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4028-4041. [PMID: 32441438 PMCID: PMC7317543 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 (ca ) rise changes the physiology and possibly growth of tropical trees, but these effects are likely modified by climate. Such ca × climate interactions importantly drive CO2 fertilization effects of tropical forests predicted by global vegetation models, but have not been tested empirically. Here we use tree-ring analyses to quantify how ca rise has shifted the sensitivity of tree stem growth to annual fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. We hypothesized that ca rise reduces drought sensitivity and increases temperature sensitivity of growth, by reducing transpiration and increasing leaf temperature. These responses were expected for cooler sites. At warmer sites, ca rise may cause leaf temperatures to frequently exceed the optimum for photosynthesis, and thus induce increased drought sensitivity and stronger negative effects of temperature. We tested these hypotheses using measurements of 5,318 annual rings from 129 trees of the widely distributed (sub-)tropical tree species, Toona ciliata. We studied growth responses during 1950-2014, a period during which ca rose by 28%. Tree-ring data were obtained from two cooler (mean annual temperature: 20.5-20.7°C) and two warmer (23.5-24.8°C) sites. We tested ca × climate interactions, using mixed-effect models of ring-width measurements. Our statistical models revealed several significant and robust ca × climate interactions. At cooler sites (and seasons), ca × climate interactions showed good agreement with hypothesized growth responses of reduced drought sensitivity and increased temperature sensitivity. At warmer sites, drought sensitivity increased with increasing ca , as predicted, and hot years caused stronger growth reduction at high ca . Overall, ca rise has significantly modified sensitivity of Toona stem growth to climatic variation, but these changes depended on mean climate. Our study suggests that effects of ca rise on tropical tree growth may be more complex and less stimulatory than commonly assumed and require a better representation in global vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A. Zuidema
- Forest Ecology & Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape EvolutionGFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesTelegrafenbergGermany
- Geography DepartmentHumboldt UniversityBerlinGermany
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Institute of GeographyFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NurembergErlangenGermany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ScienceShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology & Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Delta Areas and ResourcesVan Hall Larenstein University of Applied SciencesLeeuwardenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Peter van der Sleen
- Forest Ecology & Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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6
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Adams MA, Buckley TN, Turnbull TL. Rainfall drives variation in rates of change in intrinsic water use efficiency of tropical forests. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3661. [PMID: 31413322 PMCID: PMC6694106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of change in intrinsic water use efficiency (W) of trees relative to those in atmospheric [CO2] (ca) have been mostly assessed via short-term studies (e.g., leaf analysis, flux analysis) and/or step increases in ca (e.g., FACE studies). Here we use compiled data for abundances of carbon isotopes in tree stems to show that on decadal scales, rates of change (dW/dca) vary with location and rainfall within the global tropics. For the period 1915-1995, and including corrections for mesophyll conductance and photorespiration, dW/dca for drier tropical forests (receiving ~ 1000 mm rainfall) were at least twice that of the wettest (receiving ~ 4000 mm). The data also empirically confirm theorized roles of tropical forests in changes in atmospheric 13C/12C ratios (the 13C Suess Effect). Further formal analysis of geographic variation in decade-to-century scale dW/dca will be needed to refine current models that predict increases in carbon uptake by forests without hydrological cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tarryn L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Brienen RJW, Gloor E, Clerici S, Newton R, Arppe L, Boom A, Bottrell S, Callaghan M, Heaton T, Helama S, Helle G, Leng MJ, Mielikäinen K, Oinonen M, Timonen M. Tree height strongly affects estimates of water-use efficiency responses to climate and CO 2 using isotopes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:288. [PMID: 28819277 PMCID: PMC5561090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies report substantial increases in intrinsic water-use efficiency (W i ), estimated using carbon isotopes in tree rings, suggesting trees are gaining increasingly more carbon per unit water lost due to increases in atmospheric CO2. Usually, reconstructions do not, however, correct for the effect of intrinsic developmental changes in W i as trees grow larger. Here we show, by comparing W i across varying tree sizes at one CO2 level, that ignoring such developmental effects can severely affect inferences of trees' W i . W i doubled or even tripled over a trees' lifespan in three broadleaf species due to changes in tree height and light availability alone, and there are also weak trends for Pine trees. Developmental trends in broadleaf species are as large as the trends previously assigned to CO2 and climate. Credible future tree ring isotope studies require explicit accounting for species-specific developmental effects before CO2 and climate effects are inferred.Intrinsic water-use efficiency (W i ) reconstructions using tree rings often disregard developmental changes in W i as trees age. Here, the authors compare W i across varying tree sizes at a fixed CO2 level and show that ignoring developmental changes impacts conclusions on trees' W i responses to CO2 or climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J W Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 9JT, UK.
| | - E Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 9JT, UK
| | - S Clerici
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 9JT, UK
| | - R Newton
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 9JT, UK
| | - L Arppe
- Laboratory of Chronology, Finnish Museum of Natural History-Luomus, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Boom
- School of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - S Bottrell
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 9JT, UK
| | - M Callaghan
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS6 9JT, UK
| | - T Heaton
- NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - S Helama
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Eteläranta 55, PO Box 16, 96301, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - G Helle
- GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M J Leng
- NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - K Mielikäinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokiniemenkuja 1, PO Box 18, Vantaa, 01301, Finland
| | - M Oinonen
- Laboratory of Chronology, Finnish Museum of Natural History-Luomus, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Timonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Eteläranta 55, PO Box 16, 96301, Rovaniemi, Finland
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8
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Sleen P, Zuidema PA, Pons TL. Stable isotopes in tropical tree rings: theory, methods and applications. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sleen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
- Marine Science Institute University of Texas at Austin 750 Channel View Drive Port Aransas TX78373 USA
| | - Pieter A. Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
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9
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Trahan MW, Schubert BA. Temperature-induced water stress in high-latitude forests in response to natural and anthropogenic warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:782-791. [PMID: 26451763 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is particularly sensitive to climate change, but the independent effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2 ) and temperature on high-latitude forests are poorly understood. Here, we present a new, annually resolved record of stable carbon isotope (δ(13) C) data determined from Larix cajanderi tree cores collected from far northeastern Siberia in order to investigate the physiological response of these trees to regional warming. The tree-ring record, which extends from 1912 through 1961 (50 years), targets early twentieth-century warming (ETCW), a natural warming event in the 1920s to 1940s that was limited to Northern hemisphere high latitudes. Our data show that net carbon isotope fractionation (Δ(13) C), decreased by 1.7‰ across the ETCW, which is consistent with increased water stress in response to climate warming and dryer soils. To investigate whether this signal is present across the northern boreal forest, we compiled published carbon isotope data from 14 high-latitude sites within Europe, Asia, and North America. The resulting dataset covered the entire twentieth century and spanned both natural ETCW and anthropogenic Late Twentieth-Century Warming (~0.7 °C per decade). After correcting for a ~1‰ increase in Δ(13) C in response to twentieth century pCO2 rise, a significant negative relationship (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001) between the average, annual Δ(13) C values and regional annual temperature anomalies is observed, suggesting a strong control of temperature on the Δ(13) C value of trees growing at high latitudes. We calculate a 17% increase in intrinsic water-use efficiency within these forests across the twentieth century, of which approximately half is attributed to a decrease in stomatal conductance in order to conserve water in response to drying conditions, with the other half being attributed to increasing pCO2 . We conclude that annual tree-ring records from northern high-latitude forests record the effects of climate warming and pCO2 rise across the twentieth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Trahan
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 611 McKinley St, Box 43705, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Brian A Schubert
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 611 McKinley St, Box 43705, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
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10
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Tsen EWJ, Sitzia T, Webber BL. To core, or not to core: the impact of coring on tree health and a best-practice framework for collecting dendrochronological information from living trees. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:899-924. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward W. J. Tsen
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Private Bag 5, P.O. Wembley Western Australia 6913 Australia
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry; Università degli Studi di Padova; Viale dell'Università 16 I-35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science; The University of Melbourne, Creswick Campus; Water Street Creswick Victoria 3363 Australia
| | - Bruce L. Webber
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Private Bag 5, P.O. Wembley Western Australia 6913 Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
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11
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Cernusak LA, English NB. Beyond tree-ring widths: stable isotopes sharpen the focus on climate responses of temperate forest trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1-3. [PMID: 25616877 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Nathan B English
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Saurer M, Spahni R, Frank DC, Joos F, Leuenberger M, Loader NJ, McCarroll D, Gagen M, Poulter B, Siegwolf RTW, Andreu-Hayles L, Boettger T, Dorado Liñán I, Fairchild IJ, Friedrich M, Gutierrez E, Haupt M, Hilasvuori E, Heinrich I, Helle G, Grudd H, Jalkanen R, Levanič T, Linderholm HW, Robertson I, Sonninen E, Treydte K, Waterhouse JS, Woodley EJ, Wynn PM, Young GHF. Spatial variability and temporal trends in water-use efficiency of European forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:3700-12. [PMID: 25156251 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration in the atmosphere in combination with climatic changes throughout the last century are likely to have had a profound effect on the physiology of trees: altering the carbon and water fluxes passing through the stomatal pores. However, the magnitude and spatial patterns of such changes in natural forests remain highly uncertain. Here, stable carbon isotope ratios from a network of 35 tree-ring sites located across Europe are investigated to determine the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance from 1901 to 2000. The results were compared with simulations of a dynamic vegetation model (LPX-Bern 1.0) that integrates numerous ecosystem and land-atmosphere exchange processes in a theoretical framework. The spatial pattern of tree-ring derived iWUE of the investigated coniferous and deciduous species and the model results agreed significantly with a clear south-to-north gradient, as well as a general increase in iWUE over the 20th century. The magnitude of the iWUE increase was not spatially uniform, with the strongest increase observed and modelled for temperate forests in Central Europe, a region where summer soil-water availability decreased over the last century. We were able to demonstrate that the combined effects of increasing CO2 and climate change leading to soil drying have resulted in an accelerated increase in iWUE. These findings will help to reduce uncertainties in the land surface schemes of global climate models, where vegetation-climate feedbacks are currently still poorly constrained by observational data.
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13
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1982–2010 Trends of Light Use Efficiency and Inherent Water Use Efficiency in African vegetation: Sensitivity to Climate and Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations. REMOTE SENSING 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/rs6098923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Vlam M, Baker PJ, Bunyavejchewin S, Zuidema PA. Temperature and rainfall strongly drive temporal growth variation in Asian tropical forest trees. Oecologia 2013; 174:1449-61. [PMID: 24352845 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Climate change effects on growth rates of tropical trees may lead to alterations in carbon cycling of carbon-rich tropical forests. However, climate sensitivity of broad-leaved lowland tropical trees is poorly understood. Dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis) provides a powerful tool to study the relationship between tropical tree growth and annual climate variability. We aimed to establish climate-growth relationships for five annual-ring forming tree species, using ring-width data from 459 canopy and understory trees from a seasonal tropical forest in western Thailand. Based on 183/459 trees, chronologies with total lengths between 29 and 62 years were produced for four out of five species. Bootstrapped correlation analysis revealed that climate-growth responses were similar among these four species. Growth was significantly negatively correlated with current-year maximum and minimum temperatures, and positively correlated with dry-season precipitation levels. Negative correlations between growth and temperature may be attributed to a positive relationship between temperature and autotrophic respiration rates. The positive relationship between growth and dry-season precipitation levels likely reflects the strong water demand during leaf flush. Mixed-effect models yielded results that were consistent across species: a negative effect of current wet-season maximum temperatures on growth, but also additive positive effects of, for example, prior dry-season maximum temperatures. Our analyses showed that annual growth variability in tropical trees is determined by a combination of both temperature and precipitation variability. With rising temperature, the predominantly negative relationship between temperature and growth may imply decreasing growth rates of tropical trees as a result of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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15
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Cernusak LA, Ubierna N, Winter K, Holtum JAM, Marshall JD, Farquhar GD. Environmental and physiological determinants of carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:950-65. [PMID: 23902460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ(13) C) of terrestrial plants are employed across a diverse range of applications in environmental and plant sciences; however, the kind of information that is desired from the δ(13) C signal often differs. At the extremes, it ranges between purely environmental and purely biological. Here, we review environmental drivers of variation in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in terrestrial plants, and the biological processes that can either damp or amplify the response. For C3 plants, where Δ is primarily controlled by the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (ci /ca ), coordination between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis and leaf area adjustment tends to constrain the potential environmentally driven range of Δ. For C4 plants, variation in bundle-sheath leakiness to CO2 can either damp or amplify the effects of ci /ca on Δ. For plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), Δ varies over a relatively large range as a function of the proportion of daytime to night-time CO2 fixation. This range can be substantially broadened by environmental effects on Δ when carbon uptake takes place primarily during the day. The effective use of Δ across its full range of applications will require a holistic view of the interplay between environmental control and physiological modulation of the environmental signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- Department of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
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Zuidema PA, Baker PJ, Groenendijk P, Schippers P, van der Sleen P, Vlam M, Sterck F. Tropical forests and global change: filling knowledge gaps. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:413-9. [PMID: 23809291 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests will experience major changes in environmental conditions this century. Understanding their responses to such changes is crucial to predicting global carbon cycling. Important knowledge gaps exist: the causes of recent changes in tropical forest dynamics remain unclear and the responses of entire tropical trees to environmental changes are poorly understood. In this Opinion article, we argue that filling these knowledge gaps requires a new research strategy, one that focuses on trees instead of leaves or communities, on long-term instead of short-term changes, and on understanding mechanisms instead of documenting changes. We propose the use of tree-ring analyses, stable-isotope analyses, manipulative field experiments, and well-validated simulation models to improve predictions of forest responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Cernusak LA, Winter K, Dalling JW, Holtum JAM, Jaramillo C, K Rner C, Leakey ADB, Norby RJ, Poulter B, Turner BL, Wright SJ. Tropical forest responses to increasing atmospheric CO 2: current knowledge and opportunities for future research. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:531-551. [PMID: 32481129 DOI: 10.1071/fp12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ca) will undoubtedly affect the metabolism of tropical forests worldwide; however, critical aspects of how tropical forests will respond remain largely unknown. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about physiological and ecological responses, with the aim of providing a framework that can help to guide future experimental research. Modelling studies have indicated that elevated ca can potentially stimulate photosynthesis more in the tropics than at higher latitudes, because suppression of photorespiration by elevated ca increases with temperature. However, canopy leaves in tropical forests could also potentially reach a high temperature threshold under elevated ca that will moderate the rise in photosynthesis. Belowground responses, including fine root production, nutrient foraging and soil organic matter processing, will be especially important to the integrated ecosystem response to elevated ca. Water use efficiency will increase as ca rises, potentially impacting upon soil moisture status and nutrient availability. Recruitment may be differentially altered for some functional groups, potentially decreasing ecosystem carbon storage. Whole-forest CO2 enrichment experiments are urgently needed to test predictions of tropical forest functioning under elevated ca. Smaller scale experiments in the understorey and in gaps would also be informative, and could provide stepping stones towards stand-scale manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph A M Holtum
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Christian K Rner
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Atomic Energy Commission and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, 91191, France
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Gómez-Guerrero A, Silva LCR, Barrera-Reyes M, Kishchuk B, Velázquez-Martínez A, Martínez-Trinidad T, Plascencia-Escalante FO, Horwath WR. Growth decline and divergent tree ring isotopic composition (δ(13) C and δ(18) O) contradict predictions of CO2 stimulation in high altitudinal forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1748-1758. [PMID: 23504983 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced changes in atmospheric composition are expected to affect primary productivity across terrestrial biomes. Recent changes in productivity have been observed in many forest ecosystems, but low-latitude upper tree line forests remain to be investigated. Here, we use dendrochronological methods and isotopic analysis to examine changes in productivity, and their physiological basis, in Abies religiosa (Ar) and Pinus hartwegii (Ph) trees growing in high-elevation forests of central Mexico. Six sites were selected across a longitudinal transect (Transverse Volcanic Axis), from the Pacific Ocean toward the Gulf of Mexico, where mature dominant trees were sampled at altitudes ranging from 3200 to 4000 m asl. A total of 60 Ar and 84 Ph trees were analyzed to describe changes in growth (annual-resolution) and isotopic composition (decadal-resolution) since the early 1900s. Our results show an initial widespread increase in basal area increment (BAI) during the first half of the past century. However, BAI has decreased significantly since the 1950s with accentuated decline after the 1980s in both species and across sites. We found a consistent reduction in atmosphere to wood (13) C discrimination, resulting from increasing water use efficiency (20-60%), coinciding with rising atmospheric CO2 . Changes in (13) C discrimination were not followed, however, by shifts in tree ring δ(18) O, indicating site- and species-specific differences in water source or uptake strategy. Our results indicate that CO2 stimulation has not been enough to counteract warming-induced drought stress, but other stressors, such as progressive nutrient limitation, could also have contributed to growth decline. Future studies should explore the distinct role of resource limitation (water vs. nutrients) in modulating the response of high-elevation ecosystems to atmospheric change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Gómez-Guerrero
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Postgrado Forestal, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, CP, Montecillo, Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México
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Bodin PE, Gagen M, McCarroll D, Loader NJ, Jalkanen R, Robertson I, Switsur VR, Waterhouse JS, Woodley EJ, Young GHF, Alton PB. Comparing the performance of different stomatal conductance models using modelled and measured plant carbon isotope ratios (δ(13) C): implications for assessing physiological forcing. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1709-1719. [PMID: 23504999 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate modelling of long-term changes in plant stomatal functioning is vital to global climate change studies because changes in evapotranspiration influence temperature via physiological forcing of the climate. Various stomatal models are included in land surface schemes, but their robustness over longer timescales is difficult to validate. We compare the performance of three stomatal models, varying in their degree of complexity, and coupled to a land surface model. This is carried out by simulating the carbon isotope ratio of tree leaves (δ(13) Cleaf ) over a period of 53 years, and comparing the results with carbon isotope ratios obtained from tree rings (δ(13) Cstem ) measured at six sites in northern Europe. All three stomatal models fail to capture the observed interannual variability in the measured δ(13) Cstem time series. However, the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere (SPA) model performs significantly better than the Ball-Berry (BB) or COX models when tested for goodness-of-fit against measured δ(13) Cstem . The δ(13) Cleaf time series simulated using the SPA model are significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05) with measured results over the full time period tested, at all six sites. The SPA model underestimates interannual variability measured in δ(13) Cstem , but is no worse than the BB model and significantly better than the COX model. The inability of current models to adequately replicate changes in stomatal response to rising levels of CO2 concentrations, and thus to quantify the associated physiological forcing, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per E Bodin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Wang G, Feng X. Response of plants' water use efficiency to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8610-8620. [PMID: 22747444 DOI: 10.1021/es301323m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses plants' adaptation to the elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations (c(a)) using 83 tree-ring δ(13)C series from the mid- to high-latitudes of the northern hemisphere. We found that the variation of Δ with the atmospheric CO(2) concentration is nonlinear and that the range of Δ change is relatively small. After 1950, the mean increase in Δ is 0.43‰, corresponding to the average coefficient of Δ-c(a) relationship to be about 0.006‰/ ppmv CO(2). In contrast to the changes in Δ, intercellular CO(2) concentration (c(i)) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (W(i)) both increase linearly with c(a). For the past two and a half centuries, changes in the intercellular CO(2) concentration (c(i)) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (W(i)) are, on average, both about 30%, while the mean change of the c(i)/c(a) ratio is 3%. Most changes have occurred after 1950. W(i) responds to c(a) linearly with sensitivities ranging from 0.06 to 0.6 μmol CO(2)/mmol H(2)O ppmv(-1), and an average 0.33 μmol CO(2)/mmol H(2)O ppmv(-1) during the past 50 years. Statistical analysis shows that the increase in c(a) accounts for 98% of the W(i) variation. The remaining small variance is explained by altitude and temperature. Trees at higher elevations show slightly higher increase in W(i), and they are also more sensitive to the CO(2) increase than trees at lower altitudes. Trees growing at low temperature environments are slightly more sensitive to CO(2) increase than those at higher temperature sites. No significant relationship between precipitation and plants' W(i) response to the atmospheric CO(2) increase is found with these data. Although the temperature and altitude both impact the W(i) response to elevated CO(2), the size of the impact is physically small and can be omitted from ecological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hector A, Fowler D, Nussbaum R, Weilenmann M, Walsh RPD. The future of South East Asian rainforests in a changing landscape and climate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:3165-7. [PMID: 22006959 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With a focus on the Danum Valley area of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, this special issue has as its theme the future of tropical rainforests in a changing landscape and climate. The global environmental context to the issue is briefly given before the contents and rationale of the issue are summarized. Most of the papers are based on research carried out as part of the Royal Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme. The issue is divided into five sections: (i) the historical land-use and land management context; (ii) implications of land-use change for atmospheric chemistry and climate change; (iii) impacts of logging, forest fragmentation (particularly within an oil palm plantation landscape) and forest restoration on ecosystems and their functioning; (iv) the response and resilience of rainforest systems to climatic and land-use change; and (v) the scientific messages and policy implications arising from the research findings presented in the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hector
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Walsh RPD, Nussbaum R, Fowler D, Weilenmann M, Hector A. Conclusion: applying South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme science to land-use management policy and practice in a changing landscape and climate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:3354-8. [PMID: 22006974 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The context and challenges relating to the remaining tropical rainforest are briefly reviewed and the roles which science can play in addressing questions are outlined. Key messages which articles in the special issue, mainly based on projects of the Royal Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme (SEARRP), have raised of relevance to policies on land use, land management and REDD+ are then considered. Results from the atmospheric science and hydrology papers, and some of the ecological ones, demonstrate the very high ecosystem service values of rainforest (compared with oil palm) in maintaining high biodiversity, good local air quality, reducing greenhouse emissions, and reducing landslide, flooding and sedimentation consequences of climate change-and hence provide science to underpin the protection of remaining forest, even if degraded and fragmented. Another group of articles test ways of restoring forest quality (in terms of biodiversity and carbon value) or maintaining as high biodiversity and ecological functioning levels as possible via intelligent design of forest zones and fragments within oil palm landscapes. Finally, factors that have helped to enhance the policy relevance of SEARRP projects and dissemination of their results to decision-makers are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P D Walsh
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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