1
|
Xiang T, Wang J, Li H. Current applications of intestinal organoids: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:155. [PMID: 38816841 PMCID: PMC11140936 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, intestinal organoid technology has paved the way for reproducing tissue or organ morphogenesis during intestinal physiological processes in vitro and studying the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases. Intestinal organoids are favored in drug screening due to their ability for high-throughput in vitro cultivation and their closer resemblance to patient genetic characteristics. Furthermore, as disease models, intestinal organoids find wide applications in screening diagnostic markers, identifying therapeutic targets, and exploring epigenetic mechanisms of diseases. Additionally, as a transplantable cellular system, organoids have played a significant role in the reconstruction of damaged epithelium in conditions such as ulcerative colitis and short bowel syndrome, as well as in intestinal material exchange and metabolic function restoration. The rise of interdisciplinary approaches, including organoid-on-chip technology, genome editing techniques, and microfluidics, has greatly accelerated the development of organoids. In this review, VOSviewer software is used to visualize hot co-cited journal and keywords trends of intestinal organoid firstly. Subsequently, we have summarized the current applications of intestinal organoid technology in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This will deepen our understanding of intestinal organoids and further explore the physiological mechanisms of the intestine and drug development for intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cicuéndez M, García-Lizarribar A, Casarrubios L, Feito MJ, Fernández-San-Argimiro FJ, García-Urkia N, Murua O, Madarieta I, Olalde B, Diez-Orejas R, Portolés MT. Functionality of macrophages encapsulated in porcine decellularized adipose matrix hydrogels and interaction with Candida albicans. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213794. [PMID: 38367317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix hydrogels are considered one of the most suitable biomaterials for tissue regeneration due to their similarity with the extracellular microenvironment of the native tissue. Their properties are dependent on their composition, material concentration, fiber density and the fabrication approaches, among other factors. The encapsulation of immune cells in this kind of hydrogels, both in absence or presence of a pathogen, represents a promising strategy for the development of platforms that mimic healthy and infected tissues, respectively. In this work, we have encapsulated macrophages in 3D hydrogels of porcine decellularized adipose matrices (pDAMs) without and with the Candida albicans fungus, as 3D experimental models to study the macrophage immunocompetence in a closer situation to the physiological conditions and to mimic an infection scenario. Our results indicate that encapsulated macrophages preserve their functionality within these pDAM hydrogels and phagocytose live pathogens. In addition, their behavior is influenced by the hydrogel pore size, inversely related to the hydrogel concentration. Thus, larger pore size promotes the polarization of macrophages towards M2 phenotype along the time and enhances their phagocytosis capability. It is important to point out that encapsulated macrophages in absence of pathogen showed an M2 phenotype, but macrophages coencapsulated with C. albicans can switch towards an M1 inflammatory phenotype to resolve the infection, depending on the fungus quantity. The present study reveals that pDAM hydrogels preserve the macrophage plasticity, demonstrating their relevance as new models for macrophage-pathogen interaction studies that mimic an infection scenario with application in regenerative medicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cicuéndez
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nerea García-Urkia
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Olatz Murua
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Iratxe Madarieta
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olalde
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosalía Diez-Orejas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ryoo H, Kimmel H, Rondo E, Underhill GH. Advances in high throughput cell culture technologies for therapeutic screening and biological discovery applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10627. [PMID: 38818120 PMCID: PMC11135158 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular phenotypes and functional responses are modulated by the signals present in their microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, tissue mechanical properties, soluble signals and nutrients, and cell-cell interactions. To better recapitulate and analyze these complex signals within the framework of more physiologically relevant culture models, high throughput culture platforms can be transformative. High throughput methodologies enable scientists to extract increasingly robust and broad datasets from individual experiments, screen large numbers of conditions for potential hits, better qualify and predict responses for preclinical applications, and reduce reliance on animal studies. High throughput cell culture systems require uniformity, assay miniaturization, specific target identification, and process simplification. In this review, we detail the various techniques that researchers have used to face these challenges and explore cellular responses in a high throughput manner. We highlight several common approaches including two-dimensional multiwell microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic cell culture systems as well as unencapsulated and encapsulated three-dimensional high throughput cell culture systems, featuring multiwell microplates, micromolds, microwells, microarrays, granular hydrogels, and cell-encapsulated microgels. We also discuss current applications of these high throughput technologies, namely stem cell sourcing, drug discovery and predictive toxicology, and personalized medicine, along with emerging opportunities and future impact areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Hannah Kimmel
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Evi Rondo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang B, Ganjee R, Khandaker I, Flohr K, He Y, Li G, Wesalo J, Sahel JA, da Silva S, Pi S. Deep learning based characterization of human organoids using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3112-3127. [PMID: 38855657 PMCID: PMC11161340 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Organoids, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are intricate three-dimensional in vitro structures that mimic many key aspects of the complex morphology and functions of in vivo organs such as the retina and heart. Traditional histological methods, while crucial, often fall short in analyzing these dynamic structures due to their inherently static and destructive nature. In this study, we leveraged the capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for rapid, non-invasive imaging of both retinal, cerebral, and cardiac organoids. Complementing this, we developed a sophisticated deep learning approach to automatically segment the organoid tissues and their internal structures, such as hollows and chambers. Utilizing this advanced imaging and analysis platform, we quantitatively assessed critical parameters, including size, area, volume, and cardiac beating, offering a comprehensive live characterization and classification of the organoids. These findings provide profound insights into the differentiation and developmental processes of organoids, positioning quantitative OCT imaging as a potentially transformative tool for future organoid research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Razieh Ganjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Irona Khandaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Keevon Flohr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuanhang He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Wesalo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Susana da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shaohua Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aggarwal N, Marsh R, Marcotti S, Shaw TJ, Stramer B, Cox S, Culley S. Characterisation and correction of polarisation effects in fluorescently labelled fibres. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38682883 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Many biological structures take the form of fibres and filaments, and quantitative analysis of fibre organisation is important for understanding their functions in both normal physiological conditions and disease. In order to visualise these structures, fibres can be fluorescently labelled and imaged, with specialised image analysis methods available for quantifying the degree and strength of fibre alignment. Here we show that fluorescently labelled fibres can display polarised emission, with the strength of this effect varying depending on structure and fluorophore identity. This can bias automated analysis of fibre alignment and mask the true underlying structural organisation. We present a method for quantifying and correcting these polarisation effects without requiring polarisation-resolved microscopy and demonstrate its efficacy when applied to images of fluorescently labelled collagen gels, allowing for more reliable characterisation of fibre microarchitecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Aggarwal
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brian Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Siân Culley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cosentino A, Agafonova A, Modafferi S, Trovato Salinaro A, Scuto M, Maiolino L, Fritsch T, Calabrese EJ, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Calabrese V. Blood-Labyrinth Barrier in Health and Diseases: Effect of Hormetic Nutrients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:542-563. [PMID: 37565276 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The stria vascularis, located in the inner ear, consists of three layers, one of which is the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). It is formed by endothelial cells, sealed together to prevent the passage of toxic substances from the blood to the inner ear, by pericytes and perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocyte. Recent Advances: There are various causes that lead to hearing loss, and among these are noise-induced and autoimmune hearing loss, ear disorders related to ototoxic medication, Ménière's disease, and age-related hearing loss. For all of these, major therapeutic interventions include drug-loaded nanoparticles, via intratympanic or intracochlear delivery. Critical Issues: Since many pathologies associated with hearing loss are characterized by a weakening of the BLB, in this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to damage of BLB cellular components have been discussed. In addition, insight into the role of hormetic nutrients against hearing loss pathology is proposed. Future Directions: BLB cellular components of neurovascular cochlear unit play important physiological roles, owing to their impermeable function against all ototoxic substances that can induce damage. Studies are needed to investigate the cross talk occurring between these cellular components to exploit their possible role as novel targets for therapeutic interventions that may unravel future path based on the use of hormetic nutrients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 542-563.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cosentino
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Agafonova
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wolf CJ, Fitzpatrick H, Becker C, Smith J, Wood C. An improved multicellular human organoid model for the study of chemical effects on palatal fusion. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1513-1533. [PMID: 37530699 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue fusion is a mechanism involved in the development of the heart, iris, genital tubercle, neural tube, and palate during embryogenesis. Failed fusion of the palatal shelves could result in cleft palate (CP), a common birth defect. Organotypic models constructed of human cells offer an opportunity to investigate developmental processes in the human. Previously, our laboratory developed an organoid model of the human palate that contains human mesenchyme and epithelial progenitor cells to study the effects of chemicals on fusion. METHODS Here, we developed an organoid model more representative of the embryonic palate that includes three cell types: mesenchyme, endothelial, and epithelial cells. We measured fusion by a decrease in epithelial cells at the contact point between the organoids and compared the effects of CP teratogens on fusion and toxicity in the previous and current organoid models. We further tested additional suspect teratogens in our new model. RESULTS We found that the three-cell-type model is more sensitive to fusion inhibition by valproic acid and inhibitors of FGF, BMP, and TGFβRI/II. In this new model, we tested other suspect CP teratogens and found that nocodazole, topiramate, and Y27632 inhibit fusion at concentrations that do not induce toxicity. CONCLUSION This sensitive human three-cell-type organotypic model accurately evaluates chemicals for cleft palate teratogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Wolf
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hunter Fitzpatrick
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carrie Becker
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Smith
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carmen Wood
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Juste-Lanas Y, Hervas-Raluy S, García-Aznar JM, González-Loyola A. Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031501. [PMID: 37547671 PMCID: PMC10404142 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Research Institute of Aragón (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peyret C, Elkhoury K, Bouguet-Bonnet S, Poinsignon S, Boulogne C, Giraud T, Stefan L, Tahri Y, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Linder M, Tamayol A, Kahn CJ, Arab-Tehrany E. Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogel Scaffolds: Predicting Physical Properties Using an Experimental Design Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13359. [PMID: 37686165 PMCID: PMC10487574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest for complex in vitro environments that closely mimic the extracellular matrix and allow cells to grow in microenvironments that are closer to the one in vivo. Protein-based matrices and especially hydrogels can answer this need, thanks to their similarity with the cell microenvironment and their ease of customization. In this study, an experimental design was conducted to study the influence of synthesis parameters on the physical properties of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). Temperature, ratio of methacrylic anhydride over gelatin, rate of addition, and stirring speed of the reaction were studied using a Doehlert matrix. Their impact on the following parameters was analyzed: degree of substitution, mass swelling ratio, storage modulus (log(G')), and compression modulus. This study highlights that the most impactful parameter was the ratio of methacrylic anhydride over gelatin. Although, temperature affected the degree of substitution, and methacrylic anhydride addition flow rate impacted the gel's physical properties, namely, its storage modulus and compression modulus. Moreover, this experimental design proposed a theoretical model that described the variation of GelMA's physical characteristics as a function of synthesis conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tristan Giraud
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Stefan
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yasmina Tahri
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Michel Linder
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang T, Wei Y, Jia H, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang P. 3D artificial sebocyte glands from inertial focusing effect for facile and flexible analysis of light damage and drug screening. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200634. [PMID: 37191095 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The sebaceous gland is a neuro-immuno-endocrine organ responsible for maintaining regular skin functions. Overdose exposure of UV and visible light (e.g., blue light) can cause sebocyte gland function disorders or even different diseases (e.g., chronic actinic dermatitis). Studying the mechanism of light-induced damage in sebaceous glands has been challenging, since ex vivo culture of sebaceous glands is difficult due to its short life in culture medium. To address this issue, a versatile 3D artificial sebocyte gland model was established using the inertial focusing effect for studying the impact of light damage and screening potential drugs. The artificial sebocyte gland exhibited specific biological function and structure similar to natural sebocyte glands. Using this artificial sebocyte gland, the interactions between the artificial organ and blue light or UV were studied. The results indicated that UV and blue light upregulated lipid secretion and downregulated cell viability within the sebocytes. Light damage intensified oxidative stress and promoted pro-inflammation cytokines (i.e., IL-1β and TNF-α) production in the artificial sebocytes. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol, a clinically tested drug for treating acne, was also indicated on restoring light damaged sebaceous gland functions. These results indicate that the 3D artificial sebocyte gland could be a versatile, fast, and low-cost platform for skincare studies or drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lelin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buchner F, Dokuzluoglu Z, Grass T, Rodriguez-Muela N. Spinal Cord Organoids to Study Motor Neuron Development and Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1254. [PMID: 37374039 DOI: 10.3390/life13061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect the cranial and/or spinal motor neurons (spMNs), spinal sensory neurons and the muscular system. Although they have been investigated for decades, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms; and therefore, efficacious therapies are scarce. Model organisms and relatively simple two-dimensional cell culture systems have been instrumental in our current knowledge of neuromuscular disease pathology; however, in the recent years, human 3D in vitro models have transformed the disease-modeling landscape. While cerebral organoids have been pursued the most, interest in spinal cord organoids (SCOs) is now also increasing. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based protocols to generate SpC-like structures, sometimes including the adjacent mesoderm and derived skeletal muscle, are constantly being refined and applied to study early human neuromuscular development and disease. In this review, we outline the evolution of human PSC-derived models for generating spMN and recapitulating SpC development. We also discuss how these models have been applied to exploring the basis of human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we provide an overview of the main challenges to overcome in order to generate more physiologically relevant human SpC models and propose some exciting new perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buchner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Grass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raik S, Sharma P, Kumar S, Rattan V, Das A, Kumar N, Srinivasan R, Bhattacharyya S. Three-dimensional spheroid culture of dental pulp-derived stromal cells enhance their biological and regenerative properties for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:106422. [PMID: 37172928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) spheroids generated in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system serve as a surrogate model that maintain stem cell characteristics since these mimic the in vivo behavior of cells and tissue more closely. Our study involved a detailed characterization of the spheroids generated in ultra-low attachment flasks. The spheroids were evaluated and compared for their morphology, structural integrity, viability, proliferation, biocomponents, stem cell phenotype and differentiation abilities with monolayer culture derived cells (2D culture). The in-vivo therapeutic efficacy of DPSCs derived from 2D and 3D culture was also assessed by transplanting them in an animal model of the critical-sized calvarial defect. DPSCs formed compact and well-organized multicellular spheroids when cultured in ultra-low attachment condition with superior stemness, differentiation, and regenerative abilities than monolayer cells. They maintained lower proliferative state and showed marked difference in the cellular biocomponents such as lipid, amide and nucleic acid between DPSCs from 2D and 3D cultures. The scaffold-free 3D culture efficiently preserves DPSCs intrinsic properties and functionality by maintaining them in the state close to the native tissues. The scaffold free 3D culture methods allow easy collection of a large number of multicellular spheroids of DPSCs and therefore, this can be adopted as a feasible and efficient method of generating robust spheroids for various in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakshi Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Functional Extracellular Matrices. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020153. [PMID: 36826323 PMCID: PMC9957407 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, nano-engineered materials have become an important component of artificial extracellular matrices. On one hand, these materials enable static enhancement of the bulk properties of cell scaffolds, for instance, they can alter mechanical properties or electrical conductivity, in order to better mimic the in vivo cell environment. Yet, many nanomaterials also exhibit dynamic, remotely tunable optical, electrical, magnetic, or acoustic properties, and therefore, can be used to non-invasively deliver localized, dynamic stimuli to cells cultured in artificial ECMs in three dimensions. Vice versa, the same, functional nanomaterials, can also report changing environmental conditions-whether or not, as a result of a dynamically applied stimulus-and as such provide means for wireless, long-term monitoring of the cell status inside the culture. In this review article, we present an overview of the technological advances regarding the incorporation of functional nanomaterials in artificial extracellular matrices, highlighting both passive and dynamically tunable nano-engineered components.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sonju JJ, Dahal A, Prasasty VD, Shrestha P, Liu YY, Jois SD. Assessment of Antitumor and Antiproliferative Efficacy and Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions in Cancer Cells from 3D Tumor Spheroids. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e569. [PMID: 36286844 PMCID: PMC9886098 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, 3D spheroids have been considered suitable in vitro models for drug discovery research and other studies of drug activity. Based on different 3D cell culture procedures, we describe procedures we have used to obtain 3D tumor spheroids by both the hanging-drop and ultra-low-attachment plate methods and to analyze the antiproliferative and antitumor efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents, including a peptidomimetic. We have applied this method to breast and lung cancer cell lines such as BT-474, MCF-7, A549, and Calu-3. We also describe a proximity ligation assay of the cells from the spheroid model to detect protein-protein interactions of EGFR and HER2. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Growth of 3D spheroids using the hanging-drop method Basic Protocol 2: Growth of spheroids using ultra-low-attachment plates Support Protocol 1: Cell viability assay of tumor spheroids Support Protocol 2: Antiproliferative and antitumor study in 3D tumor spheroids Support Protocol 3: Proximity ligation assay on cells derived from 3D spheroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafrin Jobayer Sonju
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Vivitri Dewi Prasasty
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Prajesh Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cell Behavior on Peptide-Immobilized Substrate with Cell Aggregation Inducing Property. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates have been applied in various fields such as regenerative medicine and drug toxicity testing. We have shown that H-(Lys-Pro)12-OH (KP24), a repeating sequence of lysine (Lys) and proline (Pro), induces uniformly sized cell aggregates simply by its presence in cell suspension. In this study, we considered that this peptide could be applied to a three-dimensional culture substrate that can induce uniform cell aggregates by immobilizing it on the substrate. Therefore, mouse fibroblasts (L929) were seeded on KP24-immobilized glass substrates and cell behavior was observed. We also seeded human-derived cells, namely, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), on KP24-immobilized substrates and characterized their cell assemblies. Furthermore, KP24 was chemically immobilized on the substrate surface, which allowed us to trace the mechanism of KP24–cell interaction. As a mechanism analysis of the cell aggregation ability of KP24, we investigated whether KP24 interacts with the cell surface without being incorporated into the cell.
Collapse
|
16
|
Namchaiw P, Bunreangsri P, Eiamcharoen P, Eiamboonsert S, P. Poo-arporn R. An in vitro workflow of neuron-laden agarose-laminin hydrogel for studying small molecule-induced amyloidogenic condition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273458. [PMID: 36026506 PMCID: PMC9416999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have been popularly used to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms for many decades. However, the traditional two-dimension (2D) cell culture which grows cells on a flat surface does not fully recapitulate the pathological phenotypes. Alternatively, the three-dimension (3D) cell culture provides cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction that better mimics tissue-like structure. Thus, it has gained increasing attention recently. Yet, the expenses, time-consuming, and complications of cellular and biomolecular analysis are still major limitations of 3D culture. Herein, we describe a cost-effective and simplified workflow of the 3D neuronal cell-laden agarose-laminin preparation and the isolation of cells, RNAs, and proteins from the scaffold. To study the effects of the amyloidogenic condition in neurons, we utilized a neuron-like cell line, SH-SY5Y, and induced the amyloidogenic condition by using an amyloid forty-two inducer (Aftin-4). The effectiveness of RNAs, proteins and cells isolation from 3D scaffold enables us to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying amyloidogenic cascade in neuronal cells. The results show that SH-SY5Y cultured in agarose-laminin scaffold differentiated to a mature TUJ1-expressing neuron cell on day 7. Furthermore, the gene expression profile from the Aftin-4-induced amyloidogenic condition revealed the expression of relevant gene-encoding proteins in the amyloidogenic pathway, including APP, BACE1, PS1, and PS2. This platform could induce the amyloid-beta 42 secretion and entrap secreted proteins in the scaffold. The induction of amyloidogenic conditions in a 3D culture facilitates the interaction between secreted amyloid-beta and neurons, which makes it resembles the pathological environment in Alzheimer’s brain. Together, this workflow is applicable for studying the cellular and molecular analysis of amyloid-induced neuronal toxicity, such as those occurred in Alzheimer’s disease progression. Importantly, our method is cost-effective, reproducible, and easy to manipulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poommaree Namchaiw
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation, Learning Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Patapon Bunreangsri
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation, Learning Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Eiamcharoen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Salita Eiamboonsert
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Media Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungtiva P. Poo-arporn
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Parekh A, Das S, Das CK, Mandal M. Progressing Towards a Human-Centric Approach in Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896633. [PMID: 35928861 PMCID: PMC9343698 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in research methodologies and technologies for cancer research, there is a high rate of anti-cancer drug attrition. In this review, we discuss different conventional and modern approaches in cancer research and how human-centric models can improve on the voids conferred by more traditional animal-centric models, thereby offering a more reliable platform for drug discovery. Advanced three-dimensional cell culture methodologies, along with in silico computational analysis form the core of human-centric cancer research. This can provide a holistic understanding of the research problems and help design specific and accurate experiments that could lead to the development of better cancer therapeutics. Here, we propose a new human-centric research roadmap that promises to provide a better platform for cancer research and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Parekh
- School of Design, Anant National University, Ahmedabad, India
- Genetics and Development, National Centre For Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Aditya Parekh,
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Chandan K. Das
- Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lenzi E, Jimenez de Aberasturi D, Henriksen-Lacey M, Piñeiro P, Muniz AJ, Lahann J, Liz-Marzán LM. SERS and Fluorescence-Active Multimodal Tessellated Scaffolds for Three-Dimensional Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20708-20719. [PMID: 35487502 PMCID: PMC9100500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing use of 3D cell models toward studying bio-nano interactions and offering alternatives to traditional 2D in vitro and in vivo experiments, methods to image biological tissue in real time and with high spatial resolution have become a must. A suitable technique therefore is surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microscopy, which additionally features reduced photocytotoxicity and improved light penetration. However, optimization of imaging and postprocessing parameters is still required. Herein we present a method to monitor cell proliferation over time in 3D, using multifunctional 3D-printed scaffolds composed of biologically inert poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the base material, in which fluorescent labels and SERS-active gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be embedded. The combination of imaging techniques allows optimization of SERS imaging parameters for cell monitoring. The scaffolds provide anchoring points for cell adhesion, so that cell growth can be observed in a suspended 3D matrix, with multiple reference points for confocal fluorescence and SERS imaging. By prelabeling cells with SERS-encoded AuNPs and fluorophores, cell proliferation and migration can be simultaneously monitored through confocal Raman and fluorescence microscopy. These scaffolds provide a simple method to follow cell dynamics in 4D, with minimal disturbance to the tissue model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lenzi
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Malou Henriksen-Lacey
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paula Piñeiro
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ayse J. Muniz
- Biointerfaces
Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and
Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular
Science and Engineering B10-A175 NCRC University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces
Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and
Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular
Science and Engineering B10-A175 NCRC University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Engineering Hydrogels for the Development of Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052662. [PMID: 35269803 PMCID: PMC8910155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The superiority of in vitro 3D cultures over conventional 2D cell cultures is well recognized by the scientific community for its relevance in mimicking the native tissue architecture and functionality. The recent paradigm shift in the field of tissue engineering toward the development of 3D in vitro models can be realized with its myriad of applications, including drug screening, developing alternative diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are considered the most suitable biomaterial for developing an in vitro model owing to their similarity in features to the extracellular microenvironment of native tissue. In this review article, recent progress in the use of hydrogel-based biomaterial for the development of 3D in vitro biomimetic tissue models is highlighted. Discussions of hydrogel sources and the latest hybrid system with different combinations of biopolymers are also presented. The hydrogel crosslinking mechanism and design consideration are summarized, followed by different types of available hydrogel module systems along with recent microfabrication technologies. We also present the latest developments in engineering hydrogel-based 3D in vitro models targeting specific tissues. Finally, we discuss the challenges surrounding current in vitro platforms and 3D models in the light of future perspectives for an improved biomimetic in vitro organ system.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rashidi H, Hay DC. Serum-Free Production of Three-Dimensional Hepatospheres from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2454:305-316. [PMID: 34611817 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing renewable human liver tissue from stem cells has been pursued as a potential source of biological material for pharmaceutical and clinical endeavors. At present, two-dimensional differentiation procedures deliver tissue lacking long-term phenotypic and functional stability. Efforts to overcome these limiting factors have led to the development of protocols to generate three-dimensional cellular aggregates. Here we describe a methodology to generate 3D hepatospheres from human pluripotent stem cells using defined and commercially available reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rashidi
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - David C Hay
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suleman S, Payne A, Bowden J, Haque SA, Zahn M, Fawaz S, Khalifa MS, Jobling S, Hay D, Franco M, Fronza R, Wang W, Strobel-Freidekind O, Deichmann A, Takeuchi Y, Waddington SN, Gil-Farina I, Schmidt M, Themis M. HIV- 1 lentivirus tethering to the genome is associated with transcription factor binding sites found in genes that favour virus survival. Gene Ther 2022; 29:720-729. [PMID: 35513551 PMCID: PMC9750860 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LV) are attractive for permanent and effective gene therapy. However, integration into the host genome can cause insertional mutagenesis highlighting the importance of understanding of LV integration. Insertion site (IS) tethering is believed to involve cellular proteins such as PSIP1/LEDGF/p75, which binds to the virus pre-integration complexes (PICs) helping to target the virus genome. Transcription factors (TF) that bind both the vector LTR and host genome are also suspected influential to this. To determine the role of TF in the tethering process, we mapped predicted transcription factor binding sites (pTFBS) near to IS chosen by HIV-1 LV using a narrow 20 bp window in infected human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their hepatocyte-like cell (HLC) derivatives. We then aligned the pTFBS with these sequences found in the LTRs of native and self-inactivated LTRs. We found significant enrichment of these sequences for pTFBS essential to HIV-1 life cycle and virus survival. These same sites also appear in HIV-1 patient IS and in mice infected with HIV-1 based LV. This in silco data analysis suggests pTFBS present in the virus LTR and IS sites selected by HIV-1 LV are important to virus survival and propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saqlain Suleman
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK ,Testavec Ltd, Queensgate House, Maidenhead, UK
| | - Annette Payne
- Testavec Ltd, Queensgate House, Maidenhead, UK ,grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Johnathan Bowden
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Sharmin Al Haque
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Marco Zahn
- Genewerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373University Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serena Fawaz
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Mohammad S. Khalifa
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Susan Jobling
- Testavec Ltd, Queensgate House, Maidenhead, UK ,grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - David Hay
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Genewerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK ,grid.70909.370000 0001 2199 6511Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Gene Transfer Technology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Manfred Schmidt
- Genewerk GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.461742.20000 0000 8855 0365Department of Translational Oncology, NCT and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Themis
- grid.7728.a0000 0001 0724 6933Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Division of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feiyue L, Yang L, Zhao J, Yu Q. An evaluation of the inhibition effects of cell migration of Aspirin soaking 360°square-edge intraocular lens in an in vitro lens capsule model. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:565-572. [PMID: 34935556 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2012201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study performs to evaluate the Hydrophobic and Hydrosmart 360°square-edge intraocular lens drug delivery of Aspirin using an in vitro lens capsular model. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to calculate 50% inhibiting concentration values in both SRA01/04 and HLE-B3 cells. Hoechst staining and transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation and cell migration. The in vitro lens capsule model was established mainly with a special transwell-col and cell climbing sheet, in which an intraocular lens and the TGF-β2 were added. The ultraviolet spectrophotometer was used to measure the drug concentrations released in vitro. Cell-exclusion zone assay was used to detect the cell migration in the in vitro capsular model. RESULTS It shows that cell morphology and distribution of SRA01/04 in the in vitro lens capsular model were closer to those in vivo. The results revealed that there could be significant inhibiting effects on cell migration of the hydrosmart intraocular lens with a sustained drug release in vitro in 7 days, while the hydrophobic intraocular lens drug delivery of Aspirin was mainly performed only from day 1 to day 3. CONCLUSIONS Results showed the developed hydrosmart intraocular lens could release Aspirin continuously in vitro to inhibit the cell migration of lens epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Feiyue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangyue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ida Y, Umetsu A, Furuhashi M, Watanabe M, Hikage F, Ohguro H. The EP2 agonist, omidenepag, alters the physical stiffness of 3D spheroids prepared from human corneal stroma fibroblasts differently depending on the osmotic pressure. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22067. [PMID: 34914140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the drug-induced effects of the EP2 agonist, omidenapag (OMD), on human corneal stroma, two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) cultures of human corneal stroma fibroblasts (HCSFs). The drug-induced effects on 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids were characterized by examining the ultrastructures by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability. The physical properties of 3D spheroids with respect to size and stiffness were also examined. In addition, the gene expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, including collagen (COL) 1, 4, and 6, and fibronectin (FN), a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1-4, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, 9, and 14, aquaporin1 (AQP1), and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors were evaluated. In the 2D HCSFs, OMD induced (1) a significant increase in ECM deposits, as evidenced by SEM, the mRNA expression of COL4 and FN, and (2) a decrease in TEER values and a concentration-dependent increase in FITC-dextran permeability. In the case of 3D spheroids, OMD had no effect on size but a substantial increase in stiffness was observed. Furthermore, such OMD-induced effects on stiffness were dramatically modulated by the osmotic pressure of the system. In contrast to the above 2D cultures, among the ECM molecules and the modulators of 3D spheroids, namely, TIMPS and MMPs, the down-regulation of COL1, TIMP1 and 2 and the up-regulation of MMP9 were observed. Interestingly, such diversity in terms of OMD-induced gene expressions between 2D and 3D cultures was also recognized in AQP1 (2D; no significant change, 3D; significant up-regulation) and ER stress-related genes. The findings presented herein suggest that the EP2 agonist, OMD, alters the physical stiffness of 3D spheroids obtained from human corneal stroma fibroblasts and this alteration is dependent on the osmotic pressures. 2D and 3D cell cultures may be useful for evaluating the drug induced effects of OMD toward human corneal stroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
3D Cell Culture Technology – A New Insight Into in Vitro Research – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most in vitro cell-based research is based on two-dimensional (2D) systems where growth and development take place on a flat surface, which does not reflect the natural environment of the cells. The imperfection and limitations of culture in 2D systems eventually led to the creation of three-dimensional (3D) culture models that more closely reproduce the actual conditions of physiological cell growth. Since the inception of 3D culture technology, many culture models have been developed, such as technologies of multicellular spheroids, organoids, and organs on chips in the technology of scaffolding, hydrogels, bio-printing and liquid media. In this review we will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the 2D vs. 3D cell cultures technologies. We will also try to sum up available 3D culture systems and materials for building 3D scaffolds.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pun S, Haney LC, Barrile R. Modelling Human Physiology on-Chip: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1250. [PMID: 34683301 PMCID: PMC8540847 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, animal experiments have contributed much to our understanding of mechanisms of human disease, but their value in predicting the effectiveness of drug treatments in the clinic has remained controversial. Animal models, including genetically modified ones and experimentally induced pathologies, often do not accurately reflect disease in humans, and therefore do not predict with sufficient certainty what will happen in humans. Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology and bioengineered tissues have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional animal testing for a wide range of applications in biological defence, drug discovery and development, and precision medicine, offering a potential alternative. Recent technological breakthroughs in stem cell and organoid biology, OOC technology, and 3D bioprinting have all contributed to a tremendous progress in our ability to design, assemble and manufacture living organ biomimetic systems that more accurately reflect the structural and functional characteristics of human tissue in vitro, and enable improved predictions of human responses to drugs and environmental stimuli. Here, we provide a historical perspective on the evolution of the field of bioengineering, focusing on the most salient milestones that enabled control of internal and external cell microenvironment. We introduce the concepts of OOCs and Microphysiological systems (MPSs), review various chip designs and microfabrication methods used to construct OOCs, focusing on blood-brain barrier as an example, and discuss existing challenges and limitations. Finally, we provide an overview on emerging strategies for 3D bioprinting of MPSs and comment on the potential role of these devices in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirjana Pun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (S.P.); (L.C.H.)
| | - Li Cai Haney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (S.P.); (L.C.H.)
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (S.P.); (L.C.H.)
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
da Silva da Costa FA, Soares MR, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, da Silva GR, Lívero FADR, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures as a Research Platform in Lung Diseases and COVID-19. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:735-745. [PMID: 34080133 PMCID: PMC8172328 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are a major public health problem worldwide. In the current epidemiological context, CRD have received much interest when considering their correlation with greater susceptibility to SARS-Cov-2 and severe disease (COVID-19). Increasingly more studies have investigated pathophysiological interactions between CRD and COVID-19. AREA COVERED Animal experimentation has decisively contributed to advancing our knowledge of CRD. Considering the increase in ethical restrictions in animal experimentation, researchers must focus on new experimental alternatives. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures have complemented animal models and significantly contributed to advancing research in the life sciences. However, 2D cell cultures have several limitations in studies of cellular interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent a new and robust platform for studying complex biological processes and are a promising alternative in regenerative and translational medicine. EXPERT OPINION Three-dimensional cell cultures are obtained by combining several types of cells in integrated and self-organized systems in a 3D structure. These 3D cell culture systems represent an efficient methodological approach in studies of pathophysiology and lung therapy. More recently, complex 3D culture systems, such as lung-on-a-chip, seek to mimic the physiology of a lung in vivo through a microsystem that simulates alveolar-capillary interactions and exposure to air. The present review introduces and discusses 3D lung cultures as robust platforms for studies of the pathophysiology of CRD and COVID-19 and the mechanisms that underlie interactions between CRD and COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Allan da Silva da Costa
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University - UNIPAR, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Most cells within the human body interact with neighboring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components to establish a unique 3D organization. These cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions form a complex communication network of biochemical and mechanical signals critical for normal cell physiology. The behavior of cells in a 3D environment is fundamentally different from that of cells in monolayer culture. Aggregation can affect cell–cell interactions, being more representative of the normal tissue microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cell culture technologies have been developed. The general method for cell aggregate is a physical method; it is difficult to control the size and number of cell aggregates. In any case, no chemical method has been discovered yet, so a new method to solve these problems is needed. In this paper, we describe the induction of a cell aggregate of the newly discovered (Lys-Pro)12(KP24) peptide. Since it was revealed that KP24 had cell aggregate-inducing activity, its derivatives were molecularly designed to clarify the importance of the KP24 sequence. We report that cell aggregations were induced by KP24 to form aggregates of fibroblast cells. We evaluated KP24 derivative periodic peptides such as (Lys-Pro-Pro)8(KPP24) and (Lys-Lys-Pro)8(KKP24). The relationship between the structure of the peptide chain and the activity induced by the cell aggregations was investigated from the viewpoint of basic research and the biomedical engineering field.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oliveira M, Conceição P, Kant K, Ainla A, Diéguez L. Electrochemical Sensing in 3D Cell Culture Models: New Tools for Developing Better Cancer Diagnostics and Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1381. [PMID: 33803738 PMCID: PMC8003119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, conventional pre-clinical in vitro studies are primarily based on two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models, which are usually limited in mimicking the real three-dimensional (3D) physiological conditions, cell heterogeneity, cell to cell interaction, and extracellular matrix (ECM) present in living tissues. Traditionally, animal models are used to mimic the 3D environment of tissues and organs, but they suffer from high costs, are time consuming, bring up ethical concerns, and still present many differences when compared to the human body. The applications of microfluidic-based 3D cell culture models are advantageous and useful as they include 3D multicellular model systems (MCMS). These models have demonstrated potential to simulate the in vivo 3D microenvironment with relatively low cost and high throughput. The incorporation of monitoring capabilities in the MCMS has also been explored to evaluate in real time biophysical and chemical parameters of the system, for example temperature, oxygen, pH, and metabolites. Electrochemical sensing is considered as one of the most sensitive and commercially adapted technologies for bio-sensing applications. Amalgamation of electrochemical biosensing with cell culture in microfluidic devices with improved sensitivity and performance are the future of 3D systems. Particularly in cancer, such models with integrated sensing capabilities can be crucial to assess the multiple parameters involved in tumour formation, proliferation, and invasion. In this review, we are focusing on existing 3D cell culture systems with integrated electrochemical sensing for potential applications in cancer models to advance diagnosis and treatment. We discuss their design, sensing principle, and application in the biomedical area to understand the potential relevance of miniaturized electrochemical hybrid systems for the next generation of diagnostic platforms for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Oliveira
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (M.O.); (P.C.); (K.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Pedro Conceição
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (M.O.); (P.C.); (K.K.); (A.A.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Krishna Kant
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (M.O.); (P.C.); (K.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Alar Ainla
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (M.O.); (P.C.); (K.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (M.O.); (P.C.); (K.K.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Polini A, Moroni L. The convergence of high-tech emerging technologies into the next stage of organ-on-a-chips. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 1:100012. [PMID: 36825163 PMCID: PMC9934418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, organ-on-a-chips (OoCs) have been proposed as highly innovative, truly predictive tools with limitless potential for organ function modelling, drug discovery and testing. By mimicking human key organ functions in vitro, they are proposed as models for studying physiological processes as well as disease-related mechanisms to elucidate pathological pathways and test the safety and efficacy of potential drug candidates, with unprecedented degree of physiological and clinical relevance. Despite the numerous efforts from biology and engineering, we expect that OoC will reach the next level by benefitting from high-tech technologies such as biofabrication, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and automation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Polini
- CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy,Corresponding authors at: CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy,Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, ER 6229, the Netherlands,Corresponding authors at: CNR NANOTEC – Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim MS, Kim DH, Kang HK, Kook MG, Choi SW, Kang KS. Modeling of Hypoxic Brain Injury through 3D Human Neural Organoids. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020234. [PMID: 33504071 PMCID: PMC7911731 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids have emerged as a novel model system for neural development, neurodegenerative diseases, and human-based drug screening. However, the heterogeneous nature and immature neuronal development of brain organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells pose challenges. Moreover, there are no previous reports of a three-dimensional (3D) hypoxic brain injury model generated from neural stem cells. Here, we generated self-organized 3D human neural organoids from adult dermal fibroblast-derived neural stem cells. Radial glial cells in these human neural organoids exhibited characteristics of the human cerebral cortex trend, including an inner (ventricular zone) and an outer layer (early and late cortical plate zones). These data suggest that neural organoids reflect the distinctive radial organization of the human cerebral cortex and allow for the study of neuronal proliferation and maturation. To utilize this 3D model, we subjected our neural organoids to hypoxic injury. We investigated neuronal damage and regeneration after hypoxic injury and reoxygenation. Interestingly, after hypoxic injury, reoxygenation restored neuronal cell proliferation but not neuronal maturation. This study suggests that human neural organoids generated from neural stem cells provide new opportunities for the development of drug screening platforms and personalized modeling of neurodegenerative diseases, including hypoxic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Soon Won Choi
- Correspondence: (S.W.C.); (K.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1298 (S.W.C.); +82-2-880-1246 (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Correspondence: (S.W.C.); (K.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1298 (S.W.C.); +82-2-880-1246 (K.-S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of Current Characterization and Evaluation Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121188. [PMID: 33297493 PMCID: PMC7762425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a lack of standardized methodologies used to characterize and evaluate drug release poses significant difficulties when comparing findings from different investigations, preventing an accurate assessment of systems. Here, we review the commonly used analytical techniques for drug detection and quantification from hydrogel delivery systems. The experimental conditions of drug release in saline solutions and their impact are discussed, along with the main mathematical and statistical approaches to characterize drug release profiles. We also review methods to determine drug diffusion coefficients and in vitro and in vivo models used to assess drug release and efficacy with the goal to provide guidelines and harmonized practices when investigating novel hydrogel drug delivery systems.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim SJ, Kim EM, Yamamoto M, Park H, Shin H. Engineering Multi-Cellular Spheroids for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000608. [PMID: 32734719 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell-cell/cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and various ex vivo tissue models in tissue engineering. In principle, spheroid culture methods maximize cell-cell cohesion and induce spontaneous cellular assembly while minimizing cellular interactions with substrates by using physical forces such as gravitational or centrifugal forces, protein-repellant biomaterials, and micro-structured surfaces. In addition, biofunctional materials including magnetic nanoparticles, polymer microspheres, and nanofiber particles are combined with cells to harvest composite spheroids, to accelerate spheroid formation, to increase the mechanical properties and viability of spheroids, and to direct differentiation of stem cells into desirable cell types. Biocompatible hydrogels are developed to produce microgels for the fabrication of size-controlled spheroids with high efficiency. Recently, spheroids have been further engineered to fabricate structurally and functionally reliable in vitro artificial 3D tissues of the desired shape with enhanced specific biological functions. This paper reviews the overall characteristics of spheroids and general/advanced spheroid culture techniques. Significant roles of functional biomaterials in advanced spheroid engineering with emphasis on the use of spheroids in the reconstruction of artificial 3D tissue for tissue engineering are also thoroughly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering for Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unravels Heterogeneity of the Stromal Niche in Cutaneous Melanoma Heterogeneous Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113324. [PMID: 33182777 PMCID: PMC7697260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous spheroids have recently acquired a prominent position in melanoma research because they incorporate microenvironmental cues relevant for melanoma. In this study, we focused on the analysis of microenvironmental factors introduced in melanoma heterogeneous spheroids by different dermal fibroblasts. We aimed to map the fibroblast diversity resulting from previously acquired damage caused by exposure to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. To construct heterogeneous melanoma spheroids, we used normal dermal fibroblasts from the sun-protected skin of a juvenile donor. We compared them to the fibroblasts from the sun-exposed photodamaged skin of an adult donor. Further, we analysed the spheroids by single-cell RNA sequencing. To validate transcriptional data, we also compared the immunohistochemical analysis of heterogeneous spheroids to melanoma biopsies. We have distinguished three functional clusters in primary human fibroblasts from melanoma spheroids. These clusters differed in the expression of (a) extracellular matrix-related genes, (b) pro-inflammatory factors, and (c) TGFβ signalling superfamily. We observed a broader deregulation of gene transcription in previously photodamaged cells. We have confirmed that pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 significantly enhances melanoma invasion to the extracellular matrix in our model. This supports the opinion that the aspects of ageing are essential for reliable melanoma 3D modelling in vitro.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jung DJ, Byeon JH, Jeong GS. Flow enhances phenotypic and maturation of adult rat liver organoids. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045035. [PMID: 33000764 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abb538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A biologically relevant in vitro model of hepatic microtissue would be a valuable tool for the preclinical study of pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Although considerable advances have been made in recent years in the establishment of alternative in vitro culture systems that mimic liver tissue, generating an effective liver model remains challenging. Specifically, existing model systems still exhibit limited functions for hepatocellular differentiation potential and cellular complexity. It is essential to improve the in vitro differentiation of liver progenitor cells (LPCs) for disease modeling and preclinical pharmatoxicological research. Here, we describe a rat liver organoid culture system under in vivo-like steady-state flow conditions; this system is capable of controlling the expansion and differentiation of rat liver organoids over 10-15 d. LPCs cultured in medium flow conditions become self-assembled liver organoids that exhibit phenotypic and functional hepato-biliary modeling. In addition, hepatocytes that are differentiated using liver organoids produced albumin and maintained polygonal morphology, which is characteristic of mature hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Jung
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ao DS, Gao LY, Gu JH, Qiao JH, Wang H, Liu YF, Song H. Study on Adenovirus Infection in vitro with Nanoself-Assembling Peptide as Scaffolds for 3D Culture. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6327-6338. [PMID: 32922004 PMCID: PMC7457861 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To construct a three-dimensional (3D) culture model of adenovirus in vitro using the nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I as a 3D cell culture scaffold combined with virology experimental technology to provide a novel research method for virus isolation and culture, pathogenesis research, antiviral drug screening and vaccine preparation. Methods The nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I was used as a 3D scaffold material for 293T cell culture, and adenovirus was cultured in the cells. The growth, morphological characteristics and pathological effects of 3D-cultured 293T cells after adenovirus infection were observed with an inverted microscope and MTS. The proliferation of adenovirus in 293T cells was observed by TEM and detected by qPCR. The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 secreted by adenovirus-infected 293T cells in the RADA16-I 3D culture system were detected by ELISA. Results The 293T cells grew well in the RADA16-I 3D culture system for a prolonged period of time. The adenovirus infection persisted for a long time with multiple proliferation peaks, which closely resembled those of in vivo infections. The adenovirus virions amplified in the 3D system remained infectious. There were multiple secretion peaks of TNF-α and IL-8 secretion levels in adenovirus-infected 293T cells cultured in 3D culture systems. Conclusion The nanoself-assembling peptide RADA16-I can be used as a 3D scaffold for adenovirus isolation, culture and research. The 3D culture system shows more realistic in vivo effects than two-dimensional (2D) culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Shu Ao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yao Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Han Gu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hua Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao Z, Vizetto-Duarte C, Moay ZK, Setyawati MI, Rakshit M, Kathawala MH, Ng KW. Composite Hydrogels in Three-Dimensional in vitro Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:611. [PMID: 32656197 PMCID: PMC7325910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models were developed in order to mimic the complexity of real organ/tissue in a dish. They offer new possibilities to model biological processes in more physiologically relevant ways which can be applied to a myriad of applications including drug development, toxicity screening and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are the most relevant tissue-like matrices to support the development of 3D in vitro models since they are in many ways akin to the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For the purpose of further improving matrix relevance or to impart specific functionalities, composite hydrogels have attracted increasing attention. These could incorporate drugs to control cell fates, additional ECM elements to improve mechanical properties, biomolecules to improve biological activities or any combinations of the above. In this Review, recent developments in using composite hydrogels laden with cells as biomimetic tissue- or organ-like constructs, and as matrices for multi-cell type organoid cultures are highlighted. The latest composite hydrogel systems that contain nanomaterials, biological factors, and combinations of biopolymers (e.g., proteins and polysaccharide), such as Interpenetrating Networks (IPNs) and Soft Network Composites (SNCs) are also presented. While promising, challenges remain. These will be discussed in light of future perspectives toward encompassing diverse composite hydrogel platforms for an improved organ environment in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Kuang Moay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Moumita Rakshit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry & Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Llorente García I, Marsh M. A biophysical perspective on receptor-mediated virus entry with a focus on HIV. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183158. [PMID: 31863725 PMCID: PMC7156917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As part of their entry and infection strategy, viruses interact with specific receptor molecules expressed on the surface of target cells. The efficiency and kinetics of the virus-receptor interactions required for a virus to productively infect a cell is determined by the biophysical properties of the receptors, which are in turn influenced by the receptors' plasma membrane (PM) environments. Currently, little is known about the biophysical properties of these receptor molecules or their engagement during virus binding and entry. Here we review virus-receptor interactions focusing on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a model system. HIV is one of the best characterised enveloped viruses, with the identity, roles and structure of the key molecules required for infection well established. We review current knowledge of receptor-mediated HIV entry, addressing the properties of the HIV cell-surface receptors, the techniques used to measure these properties, and the macromolecular interactions and events required for virus entry. We discuss some of the key biophysical principles underlying receptor-mediated virus entry and attempt to interpret the available data in the context of biophysical mechanisms. We also highlight crucial outstanding questions and consider how new tools might be applied to advance understanding of the biophysical properties of viral receptors and the dynamic events leading to virus entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Marsh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bongiovanni Abel S, Montini Ballarin F, Abraham GA. Combination of electrospinning with other techniques for the fabrication of 3D polymeric and composite nanofibrous scaffolds with improved cellular interactions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:172002. [PMID: 31931493 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6ab4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with physical and chemical topological cues at the macro-, micro-, and nanometer scale is urgently needed for successful tissue engineering applications. 3D scaffolds can be manufactured by a wide variety of techniques. Electrospinning technology has emerged as a powerful manufacturing technique to produce non-woven nanofibrous scaffolds with very interesting features for tissue engineering products. However, electrospun scaffolds have some inherent limitations that compromise the regeneration of thick and complex tissues. By integrating electrospinning and other fabrication technologies, multifunctional 3D fibrous assemblies with micro/nanotopographical features can be created. The proper combination of techniques leads to materials with nano and macro-structure, allowing an improvement in the biological performance of tissue-engineered constructs. In this review, we focus on the most relevant strategies to produce electrospun polymer/composite scaffolds with 3D architecture. A detailed description of procedures involving physical and chemical agents to create structures with large pores and 3D fiber assemblies is introduced. Finally, characterization and biological assays including in vitro and in vivo studies of structures intended for the regeneration of functional tissues are briefly presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET). Av. Colón 10850, B7606BWV, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ramadhan W, Kagawa G, Moriyama K, Wakabayashi R, Minamihata K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Construction of higher-order cellular microstructures by a self-wrapping co-culture strategy using a redox-responsive hydrogel. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6710. [PMID: 32317652 PMCID: PMC7174313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, a strategy for constructing three-dimensional (3D) cellular architectures comprising viable cells is presented. The strategy uses a redox-responsive hydrogel that degrades under mild reductive conditions, and a confluent monolayer of cells (i.e., cell sheet) cultured on the hydrogel surface peels off and self-folds to wrap other cells. As a proof-of-concept, the self-folding of fibroblast cell sheet was triggered by immersion in aqueous cysteine, and this folding process was controlled by the cysteine concentration. Such folding enabled the wrapping of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) spheroids, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and collagen beads, and this process improved cell viability, the secretion of metabolites and the proliferation rate of the HepG2 cells when compared with a two-dimensional culture under the same conditions. A key concept of this study is the ability to interact with other neighbouring cells, providing a new, simple and fast method to generate higher-order cellular aggregates wherein different types of cellular components are added. We designated the method of using a cell sheet to wrap another cellular aggregate the 'cellular Furoshiki'. The simple self-wrapping Furoshiki technique provides an alternative approach to co-culture cells by microplate-based systems, especially for constructing heterogeneous 3D cellular microstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Ramadhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Genki Kagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kousuke Moriyama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Sasebo College, Okishin-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 857-1193, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Darrigues E, Nima ZA, Griffin RJ, Anderson JM, Biris AS, Rodriguez A. 3D cultures for modeling nanomaterial-based photothermal therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:400-430. [PMID: 32118219 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is one of the most promising techniques for cancer tumor ablation. Nanoparticles are increasingly being investigated for use with PTT and can serve as theranostic agents. Based on the ability of near-infrared nano-photo-absorbers to generate heat under laser irradiation, PTT could prove advantageous in certain situations over more classical cancer therapies. To analyze the efficacy of nanoparticle-based PTT, preclinical in vitro studies typically use 2D cultures, but this method cannot completely mimic the complex tumor organization, bioactivity, and physiology that all control the complex penetration depth, biodistribution, and tissue diffusion parameters of nanomaterials in vivo. To fill this knowledge gap, 3D culture systems have been explored for PTT analysis. These models provide more realistic microenvironments that allow spatiotemporal oxygen gradients and cancer cell adaptations to be considered. This review highlights the work that has been done to advance 3D models for cancer microenvironment modeling, specifically in the context of advanced, functionalized nanoparticle-directed PTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Darrigues
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao L, Xiu J, Liu Y, Zhang T, Pan W, Zheng X, Zhang X. A 3D Printed Hanging Drop Dripper for Tumor Spheroids Analysis Without Recovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19717. [PMID: 31873199 PMCID: PMC6928160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional monolayer cell culture, the three-dimensional tumor spheroid has emerged as an essential in vitro model for cancer research due to the recapitulation of the architecture and physiology of solid human tumors. Herein, by implementing the rapid prototyping of a benchtop 3D printer, we developed a new strategy to generate and analyze tumor spheroids on a commonly used multi-well plate. In this method, the printed artifact can be directly mounted on a 96/384-well plate, enables hanging drop-based spheroid formation, avoiding the tedious fabrication process from micromechanical systems. Besides long-term spheroid culture (20 days), this method supports subsequent analysis of tumor spheroid by seamlessly dripping from the printed array, thereby eliminating the need for spheroids retrieval for downstream characterization. We demonstrated several tumor spheroid-based assays, including tumoroid drug testing, metastasis on or inside extracellular matrix gel, and tumor transendothelial (TEM) assay. Based on quantitative phenotypical and molecular analysis without any precarious retrieval and transfer, we found that the malignant breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell aggregate presents a more metastatic morphological phenotype than the non-malignant breast cancer (MCF-7) and colonial cancer (HCT-116) cell spheroid, and shows an up-regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) relevant genes (fold change > 2). Finally, we validated this tumor malignancy by the TEM assay, which could be easily performed using our approach. This methodology could provide a useful workflow for expediting tumoroid modeled in vitro assay, allowing the “Lab-on-a-Cloud” scenario for routine study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jidong Xiu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Paiva KBS, Maas CS, dos Santos PM, Granjeiro JM, Letra A. Extracellular Matrix Composition and Remodeling: Current Perspectives on Secondary Palate Formation, Cleft Lip/Palate, and Palatal Reconstruction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31921852 PMCID: PMC6923686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development comprises a complex process in humans in which failures or disturbances frequently lead to congenital anomalies. Cleft lip with/without palate (CL/P) is a common congenital anomaly that occurs due to variations in craniofacial development genes, and may occur as part of a syndrome, or more commonly in isolated forms (non-syndromic). The etiology of CL/P is multifactorial with genes, environmental factors, and their potential interactions contributing to the condition. Rehabilitation of CL/P patients requires a multidisciplinary team to perform the multiple surgical, dental, and psychological interventions required throughout the patient's life. Despite progress, lip/palatal reconstruction is still a major treatment challenge. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms in several genes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, soluble factors, and enzymes responsible for ECM remodeling (e.g., metalloproteinases), have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of CL/P; hence, these may be considered likely targets for the development of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. In this context, investigations are being conducted on new therapeutic approaches based on tissue bioengineering, associating stem cells with biomaterials, signaling molecules, and innovative technologies. In this review, we discuss the role of genes involved in ECM composition and remodeling during secondary palate formation and pathogenesis and genetic etiology of CL/P. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches using bioactive molecules and principles of tissue bioengineering for state-of-the-art CL/P repair and palatal reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiúcia Batista Silva Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara Soeiro Maas
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Monique dos Santos
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hermida MA, Kumar JD, Schwarz D, Laverty KG, Di Bartolo A, Ardron M, Bogomolnijs M, Clavreul A, Brennan PM, Wiegand UK, Melchels FP, Shu W, Leslie NR. Three dimensional in vitro models of cancer: Bioprinting multilineage glioblastoma models. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100658. [PMID: 31727590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting of multiple cell types within optimised extracellular matrices has the potential to more closely model the 3D environment of human physiology and disease than current alternatives. In this study, we used a multi-nozzle extrusion bioprinter to establish models of glioblastoma made up of cancer and stromal cells printed within matrices comprised of alginate modified with RGDS cell adhesion peptides, hyaluronic acid and collagen-1. Methods were developed using U87MG glioblastoma cells and MM6 monocyte/macrophages, whilst more disease relevant constructs contained glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), co-printed with glioma associated stromal cells (GASCs) and microglia. Printing parameters were optimised to promote cell-cell interaction, avoiding the 'caging in' of cells due to overly dense cross-linking. Such printing had a negligible effect on cell viability, and cells retained robust metabolic activity and proliferation. Alginate gels allowed the rapid recovery of printed cell protein and RNA, and fluorescent reporters provided analysis of protein kinase activation at the single cell level within printed constructs. GSCs showed more resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in 3D printed tumour constructs compared to 2D monolayer cultures, reflecting the clinical situation. In summary, a novel 3D bioprinting strategy is developed which allows control over the spatial organisation of tumour constructs for pre-clinical drug sensitivity testing and studies of the tumour microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Hermida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jothi Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniela Schwarz
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith G Laverty
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alberto Di Bartolo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcus Ardron
- Renishaw PLC, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, France
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ulrich K Wiegand
- Queens' Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ferry Pw Melchels
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Will Shu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alföldi R, Balog JÁ, Faragó N, Halmai M, Kotogány E, Neuperger P, Nagy LI, Fehér LZ, Szebeni GJ, Puskás LG. Single Cell Mass Cytometry of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Reveals Complexity of In vivo And Three-Dimensional Models over the Petri-dish. Cells 2019; 8:E1093. [PMID: 31527554 PMCID: PMC6770097 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell genomics and proteomics with the combination of innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques can open new avenues toward the understanding of intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here, we characterize lung cancer markers using single cell mass cytometry to compare different in vitro cell culturing methods: two-dimensional (2D), carrier-free, or bead-based 3D culturing with in vivo xenografts. Proliferation, viability, and cell cycle phase distribution has been investigated. Gene expression analysis enabled the selection of markers that were overexpressed: TMEM45A, SLC16A3, CD66, SLC2A1, CA9, CD24, or repressed: EGFR either in vivo or in long-term 3D cultures. Additionally, TRA-1-60, pan-keratins, CD326, Galectin-3, and CD274, markers with known clinical significance have been investigated at single cell resolution. The described twelve markers convincingly highlighted a unique pattern reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity of 3D samples and in vivo A549 lung cancer cells. In 3D systems CA9, CD24, and EGFR showed higher expression than in vivo. Multidimensional single cell proteome profiling revealed that 3D cultures represent a transition from 2D to in vivo conditions by intermediate marker expression of TRA-1-60, TMEM45A, pan-keratin, CD326, MCT4, Gal-3, CD66, GLUT1, and CD274. Therefore, 3D cultures of NSCLC cells bearing more putative cancer targets should be used in drug screening as the preferred technique rather than the Petri-dish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Alföldi
- Avicor Ltd., H6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- University of Szeged, PhD School in Biology, H6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- AstridBio Technologies Ltd., H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- University of Szeged, PhD School in Biology, H6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Nóra Faragó
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
- Avidin Ltd., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.I.N.); (L.Z.F.)
- Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Halmai
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Edit Kotogány
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Lajos I. Nagy
- Avidin Ltd., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.I.N.); (L.Z.F.)
| | | | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Avicor Ltd., H6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HAS BRC, H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.F.); (M.H.); (E.K.)
- Avidin Ltd., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.I.N.); (L.Z.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Biomaterials as we know them today had their origins in the late 1940s with off-the-shelf commercial polymers and metals. The evolution of materials for medical applications from these simple origins has been rapid and impactful. This review relates some of the early history; addresses concerns after two decades of development in the twenty-first century; and discusses how advanced technologies in both materials science and biology will address concerns, advance materials used at the biointerface, and improve outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddy D. Ratner
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hay DC, O'Farrelly C. Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0212. [PMID: 29786548 PMCID: PMC5974436 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a scalable alternative to primary and transformed human tissue. PSCs include human embryonic stem cells, derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts unsuitable for human implantation; and induced PSCs, generated by the reprogramming of somatic cells. Both cell types display the ability to self-renew and retain pluripotency, promising an unlimited supply of human somatic cells for biomedical application. A distinct advantage of using PSCs is the ability to select for genetic background, promising personalized modelling of human biology ‘in a dish’ or immune-matched cell-based therapies for the clinic. This special issue will guide the reader through stem cell self-renewal, pluripotency and differentiation. The first articles focus on improving cell fidelity, understanding the innate immune system and the importance of materials chemistry, biofabrication and bioengineering. These are followed by articles that focus on industrial application, commercialization and label-free assessment of tissue formation. The special issue concludes with an article discussing human liver cell-based therapies past, present and future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Change is an absolute so long as time does not stand still. We should expect it, embrace it, and try to predict its direction. Dermatology, as a specialty practice, has been changing rapidly over the past 30 years concurrent with the changes in medicine. What are these changes, how did they come about, and what may be the consequences? The goal of this review is to follow the march of time, as we move from one era to the other in step with what is happening in the world as a whole and the United States in particular. The growth of our specialty, Dermatology, is divided into 3 eras which are quite different in generational cultures. The first era spanning the 1980s and 1990s is dubbed as "old school." The second era begins with the new century, 2000 until today. This era will forever be remembered as the business era, the rise of elite cultures, and the losses and threats to academia. The third era begins now; it is that of technology which is fast progressing into the future. One can theoretically project what may occur during this technologic revolution and the directions in medicine as a whole. Dermatology can be at the forefront of this era or it could be lost as a whole if we do nothing to keep up. These eras are based on my personal experience as a dermatologist in a large academic institution in the United States and may not apply to other communities or societies elsewhere. The United States serves as a good example of a western technologically oriented society that is often emulated by others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rokea A El-Azhary
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lako M. Special Series: Transplantation of Stem Cells into the Eye. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1454-1456. [PMID: 30133946 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|