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de Andrade B, Renard G, Gennari A, Artico LL, Júnior JR, Kuhn D, Salles PPZ, Volken de Souza CF, Roth G, Chies JM, Yunes JA, Basso LA. Production Process Optimization of Recombinant Erwinia carotovoral-Asparaginase II in Escherichia coli Fed-Batch Cultures and Analysis of Antileukemic Potential. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34951-34963. [PMID: 39157126 PMCID: PMC11325515 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to optimize the production of Erwinia carotovoral-asparaginase II enzyme in Escherichia coli by different fed-batch cultivation strategies using a benchtop bioreactor and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the recombinant enzyme against different acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. The highest enzyme activities (∼98,000 U/L) were obtained in cultures using the DO-stat feeding strategy with induction in 18 h of culture. Under these experimental conditions, the maximum values for recombinant l-asparaginase II (rASNase) yield per substrate, rASNase yield per biomass, and productivity were approximately 1204 U/gglucose, 3660 U/gcells, and 3260 U/(L·h), respectively. This condition was efficient for achieving high yields of the recombinant enzyme, which was purified and used in in vitro antileukemic potential tests. Of all the leukemic cell lines tested, RS4;11 showed the highest sensitivity to rASNase, with an IC50 value of approximately 0.0006 U/mL and more than 70% apoptotic cells. The study demonstrated that the cultivation strategies used were efficient for obtaining high yield and productivity of rASNase with therapeutic potential inasmuch as cytotoxic activity and induction of apoptosis were demonstrated for this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna
Coelho de Andrade
- National
Institute of Science and Technology in Tuberculosis, Research Center
for Molecular and Functional Biology, Pontifical
Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande
do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Gaby Renard
- Quatro
G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltd., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gennari
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luís Artico
- Centro
Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-210, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo
Teixeira Júnior
- Centro
Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-210, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Kuhn
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Priscila Pini Zenatti Salles
- Centro
Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-210, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernada Volken de Souza
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roth
- Pontifical
Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jocelei Maria Chies
- Quatro
G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltd., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
| | - José Andrés Yunes
- Centro
Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-210, Brazil
- Department
of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Basso
- National
Institute of Science and Technology in Tuberculosis, Research Center
for Molecular and Functional Biology, Pontifical
Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande
do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande
do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
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2
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Zhang L, Ding S, Tang X, Gao R, Huo R, Xie G. The Improved Antineoplastic Activity of Thermophilic L-Asparaginase Tli10209 via Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:686. [PMID: 38927089 PMCID: PMC11202230 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is a novel anticancer therapy, considered nontoxic and selective. Thermophilic L-asparaginase enzymes display high stability and activity at elevated temperatures. However, they are of limited use in clinical applications because of their low substrate affinity and reduced activity under physiological conditions, which may necessitate an improved dosage, leading to side effects and greater costs. Thus, in an attempt to improve the activity of L-Asn at 37 °C, with the use of a semi-rational design, eight active-site mutants of Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 L-asparaginase Tli10209 were developed. T70A exhibited a 5.11-fold increase compared with the wild enzyme in physiological conditions. Double-mutant enzymes were created by combining mutants with higher hydrolysis activity. T70A/F36Y, T70A/K48L, and T70A/D50G were enhanced by 5.59-, 6.38-, and 5.58-fold. The immobilized enzyme applied in MCF-7 breast cancer cells only required one-seventh of the dose of the free enzyme to achieve the same inhibition rate under near-infrared irradiation. This provides a proof of concept that it is possible to reduce the consumption of L-Asn by improving its activity, thus providing a method to manage side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Simeng Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (S.D.); (X.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Xiuhui Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (S.D.); (X.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (S.D.); (X.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Guiqiu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
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3
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Torres-Obreque K, Kleingesinds EK, Santos JHPM, Carretero G, Rabelo J, Converti A, Monteiro G, Pessoa A, Rangel-Yagui CO. PEGylation versus glycosylation: effect on the thermodynamics and thermostability of crisantaspase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:503-513. [PMID: 37698175 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2249100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability is an important and desired feature of therapeutic proteins and is critical for the success or failure of protein drugs development. It can be increased by PEGylation-binding of poly(ethylene glycol) moieties-or glycosylation-post-translational modification to add glycans. Here, the thermostability and thermodynamic parameters of native, PEGylated, and glycosylated versions of the antileukemic enzyme crisantaspase were investigated. First-order kinetics was found to describe the irreversible deactivation process. Activation energy of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (E*) was estimated for native, PEGylated, and glycosylated enzyme (10.2, 14.8, and 18.8 kJ mol-1 respectively). Half-life decreased progressively with increasing temperature, and longer half-life was observed for PEG-crisantaspase (87.74 min) at 50 °C compared to the native form (9.79 min). The activation energy of denaturation of PEG-crisantaspase (307.1 kJ mol-1) was higher than for crisantaspase (218.1 kJ mol-1) and Glyco-crisantaspase (120.0 kJ mol-1), which means that more energy is required to overcome the energy barrier of the unfolding process. According to our results, PEG-crisantaspase is more thermostable than its native form, while Glyco-crisantaspase is more thermosensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Torres-Obreque
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João H P M Santos
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Carretero
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jheniffer Rabelo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Darnal S, Raj R, Chhimwal J, Thakur S, Padwad YS, Singh D. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of leukemic cells by a robust and stable L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128739. [PMID: 38096943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules obtained from microorganisms living in extreme environments possess properties that have pharmacokinetic advantages. Enzyme assay revealed recombinant L-ASNase, an extremozyme from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 is to be highly stable with 90 % activity (200 h) at 37 °C. The stability of the enzyme in human serum (50 % activity maintained in 63 h) reveals high therapeutic potential with less dosage. The enzyme exhibited cytotoxicity to K562 blood cancer cell lines with IC50 of 0.37 U/mL without affecting the IEC-6 normal epithelial cell line. Due to the depletion of L-asparagine, K562 cells experience nutritional stress that results in the abruption of metabolic processes and eventually leads to apoptosis. Comparative studies on MCF-7 cells also revealed the same fate. Due to nutritional stress induced by L-ASNase treatment, mitochondrial membrane potential was lost, and reactive oxygen species were increased to 48 % (K562) and 21 % (MCF-7) as indicated by flow cytometric analysis. DAPI staining with prominent nuclear morphological changes visualized under the fluorescent microscope confirmed apoptosis in both cancer cells. Treatment increases pro-apoptotic Bax protein, and eventually, the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase in both cell lines. Therefore, the current study paves the way for PCH199 L-ASNase to be considered a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Ravi Raj
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India.
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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5
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Mihooliya KN, Nandal J, Kalidas N, Ashish, Chand S, Verma DK, Bhattacharyya MS, Sahoo DK. Assessment of structural behaviour of a new L-asparaginase and SAXS data-based evidence for catalytic activity in its monomeric form. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126803. [PMID: 37689286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the structural and functional characterization of a new glutaminase-free recombinant L-asparaginase (PrASNase) from Pseudomonas resinovorans IGS-131. PrASNase showed substrate specificity to L-asparagine, and its kinetic parameters, Km, Vmax, and kcat were 9.49 × 10-3 M, 25.13 IUmL-1 min-1, and 3.01 × 103 s-1, respectively. The CD spectra showed that PrASNase consisted of 18.5 % helix, 21.5 % antiparallel sheets, 4.2 % parallel sheets, 14 % turns, and rest other structures. FTIR was used for the functional characterization, and molecular docking predicted that the substrate interacts with serine, alanine, and glutamine in the binding pocket of PrASNase. Differing from known asparaginases, structural characterization by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) unambiguously revealed PrASNase to exist as a monomer in solution at low temperatures and oligomerized to a higher state with temperature rise. Through SAXS studies and enzyme assay, PrASNase was found to be mostly monomer and catalytically active at 37 °C. Furthermore, this glutaminase-free PrASNase showed killing effects against WIL2-S and TF-1.28 cells with IC50 of 7.4 μg.mL-1 and 5.6 μg.mL-1, respectively. This is probably the first report with significant findings of fully active L-asparaginase in monomeric form using SAXS and AUC and demonstrated the potential of PrASNase in inhibiting cancerous cells, making it a potential therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanti N Mihooliya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitender Nandal
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Kalidas
- GNR Advanced Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Ashish
- GNR Advanced Protein Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Subhash Chand
- National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipesh K Verma
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mani S Bhattacharyya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debendra K Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Akwagiobe E, Ekpenyong M, Asitok A, Amenaghawon A, Ubi D, Ikharia E, Kusuma H, Antai S. Strain improvement, artificial intelligence optimization, and sensitivity analysis of asparaginase-mediated acrylamide reduction in sweet potato chips. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2358-2369. [PMID: 37424578 PMCID: PMC10326208 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, L-asparaginase has emerged as a potential anti-carcinogen through hydrolysis of L-asparagine in the blood for anti-leukemic application, and in carbohydrate-based foods, for acrylamide reduction applications. In this study, Aspergillus sydowii strain UCCM 00124 produced an L-asparaginase with a baseline acrylamide reduction potential of 64.5% in sweet potato chips. Plasma mutagenesis at atmospheric pressure and room temperature (ARTP) was employed to improve L-asparaginase production while artificial neural network embedded with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) and global sensitivity analysis were used to identify and optimize process conditions for improved acrylamide reduction in sweet potato chips. The ARTP mutagenesis generated a valine-deficient mutant, Val-Asp-S-180-L with 2.5-fold L-asparaginase improvement. The ANN-GA hybrid evolutionary intelligence significantly improved process efficiency to 98.18% under optimized conditions set as 118.6 °C, 726.37 g/L asparagine content, 9.92 µg/mL L-asparaginase, 4.54% NaCl, and soaking time of 15 h without significant changes in sensory properties. The sensitivity index revealed initial asparagine content as the most sensitive parameter to the bioprocess. The enzyme demonstrated significant thermo-stability with Arrhenius deactivation rate constant, Kd, of 0.00562 min-1 and half-life, t1/2, of 123.35 min at 338 K. These conditions are recommended for sustainable healthier, and safer sweet potato chips processing in the food industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05757-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Akwagiobe
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Maurice Ekpenyong
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Atim Asitok
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Andrew Amenaghawon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - David Ubi
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Eloghosa Ikharia
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Heri Kusuma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sylvester Antai
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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7
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do Nascimento SS, Barbosa RDN, de Oliveira Silva W, da Conceição EM, de Souza-Motta CM, de Oliveira da Silva LA, de Oliveira NT. Optimization of L-glutaminase production by Monascus ruber URM 8542 isolated from ice cream industrial effluent. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:288. [PMID: 37632594 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
L-glutaminase is a hydrolytic enzyme with wide biotechnological applications. Mostly, these enzymes are employed in the feed industry for flavor enhancement and acrylamide mitigation. Also, L-glutaminase may have antiviral and antineoplastic effects making it a good choice for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the strain Monascus ruber URM 8542 was identified through classical and molecular taxonomy using partial sequencing of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Subsequently, the optimal culture conditions were evaluated by submerged fermentation (L-glutamine 10 g.L- 1) for L-glutaminase excretion. The isolate was identified as M. ruber URM 8542 which showed significant extracellular enzyme production with a yield of 11.4 times in relation to the specific activity of intracellular L-glutaminase. Regarding the optimization experiments, several factors such as L-glutamine concentration, temperature, and pH were compared using a full factorial design (23). The concentrations greater than 1% proved to be significantly better for glutaminase production (R2 = 0.9077). Additionally, the L-glutaminase was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 30 ºC. The L-glutaminase was remarkably stable across an alkaline pH range (7.0-8.0) and had a thermal stability ranging from 30 ºC to 60 ºC for 1 h. Taken together, these findings suggest that the L-glutaminase produced by M. ruber is a promising candidate for pharmacological application, although further studies need to be performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L-glutaminase production by Monascus ruber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Signe do Nascimento
- Department of Mycology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa-PB, CEP 58033-455, Brazil.
| | - Renan do Nascimento Barbosa
- Department of Mycology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Wellma de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Maria da Conceição
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida dos Economistas, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 52171-011, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta
- Department of Mycology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Leonor Alves de Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa-PB, CEP 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Neiva Tinti de Oliveira
- Department of Mycology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, CEP 50670-420, Brazil
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8
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Sánchez-Moguel I, Costa-Silva TA, Pillaca-Pullo OS, Flores-Santos JC, Freire RKB, Carretero G, da Luz Bueno J, Camacho-Córdova DI, Santos JH, Sette LD, Pessoa-Jr A. Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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9
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Darnal S, Patial V, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar V, Padwad YS, Singh D. Biochemical characterization of extremozyme L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 for therapeutics. AMB Express 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 36828987 PMCID: PMC9958223 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) from microbial sources is a commercially vital enzyme to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the side effects associated with the commercial formulations of L-ASNases intrigued to explore for efficient and desired pharmacological enzymatic features. Here, we report the biochemical and cytotoxic evaluation of periplasmic L-ASNase of Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 isolated from the soil of Betula utilis, the Himalayan birch. L-ASNase production from wild-type PCH199 was enhanced by 2.2-fold using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Increased production of periplasmic L-ASNase was obtained using an optimized osmotic shock method followed by its purification. The purified L-ASNase was a monomer of 37.0 kDa with optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 60 ℃. It also showed thermostability retaining 100.0% (200 min) and 90.0% (70 min) of the activity at 37 and 50 ℃, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 0.164 ± 0.009 mM and 54.78 ± 0.4 U/mg, respectively. L-ASNase was cytotoxic to the K562 blood cancer cell line (IC50 value 0.309 U/mL) within 24 h resulting in apoptotic nuclear morphological changes as examined by DAPI staining. Therefore, the dynamic functionality in a wide range of pH and temperature and stability of PCH199 L-ASNase at 37 ℃ with cytotoxic potential proves to be pharmaceutically important for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijeta Patial
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Virender Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XMolecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002 India ,grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Molecular and Microbial Genetics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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10
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Ojo OB, Olajide AO, Olagunju GB, Olowu C, Josiah SS, Amoo ZA, Olaleye MT, Akinmoladun AC. Polyphenol-rich Spondias mombin leaf extract abates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced disturbed glutamate-ammonia metabolism and multiorgan toxicity in rats. Biomarkers 2023; 28:65-75. [PMID: 36341500 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2145496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the protective properties of Spondias mombin leaf extract (SML), in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mediated toxicity in the brain, liver, and kidney of male Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Animals were subjected to 30 min of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion (BCCAO/R). The animals were divided into sham, I/R, and I/R treated with SML (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) or quercetin (20 mg/kg) groups. Animals were sacrificed after 24 h of reperfusion and markers of organ toxicity (urea creatinine, glutamine synthetase (GS), glutaminase (GA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) were measured in the brain regions (cortex, striatum, and hippocampus), liver, and kidney. Results and discussion: BCCAO/R significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited the glutamate-glutamine cycle and mediated toxicity in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, liver, and kidney of rats. Post-treatment with SML significantly (p < 0.0001) reversed glutamate-glutamine cycle inhibition and ameliorated cerebrohepatorenal toxicity in ischemic rats. Conclusion: Cerebral I/R significantly mediated cerebral, hepatic, and renal toxicity through the inhibition of glutamate-ammonia detoxification in rats, and SML protected against this post-ischemic glutamate-ammonia mediated multiorgan toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Abigail Oladunni Olajide
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Grace Boluwatife Olagunju
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Comfort Olowu
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Solomon Josiah
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Zainab Abiola Amoo
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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11
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Asitok A, Ekpenyong M, Amenaghawon A, Akwagiobe E, Asuquo M, Rao A, Ubi D, Iheanacho J, Etiosa J, Antai A, Essien J, Antai S. Production, characterization and techno-economic evaluation of Aspergillus fusant L-asparaginase. AMB Express 2023; 13:2. [PMID: 36609612 PMCID: PMC9823191 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoplast fusion is one of the most reliable methods of introducing desirable traits into industrially-promising fungal strains. It harnesses the entire genomic repertoire of fusing microorganisms by routing the natural barrier and genetic incompatibility between them. In the present study, the axenic culture of a thermo-halotolerant strain of Aspergillus candidus (Asp-C) produced an anti-leukemic L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) while a xylan-degrading strain of Aspergillus sydowii (Asp-S) produced the acrylamide-reduction type. Protoplast fusion of the wild strains generated Fusant-06 with improved anti-leukemic and acrylamide reduction potentials. Submerged fed-batch fermentation was preferred to batch and continuous modes on the basis of impressive techno-economics. Fusant-06 L-ASNase was purified by PEG/Na+ citrate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to 146.21-fold and global sensitivity analysis report revealed polymer molecular weight and citrate concentration as major determinants of yield and purification factor, respectively. The enzyme was characterized by molecular weight, amino acid profile, activity and stability to chemical agents. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, evaluated under optimum conditions gave Km, Vmax, Kcat, and Kcat/Km as 6.67 × 10-5 M, 1666.67 µmolmin-1 mg-1 protein, 3.88 × 104 min-1 and 5.81 × 108 M-1.min-1 respectively. In-vitro cytotoxicity of HL-60 cell lines by Fusant-06 L-ASNase improved significantly from their respective wild strains. Stability of Fusant-06 L-ASNase over a wide range of pH, temperature and NaCl concentration, coupled with its micromolar Km value, confers commercial and therapeutic value on the product. Free-radical scavenging and acrylamide reduction activities were intermediate and the conferred thermo-halo-stability could be exploited for sustainable clinical and food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atim Asitok
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Maurice Ekpenyong
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Andrew Amenaghawon
- grid.413068.80000 0001 2218 219XDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Akwagiobe
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Asuquo
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Hematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Anitha Rao
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - David Ubi
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Juliet Iheanacho
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Etiosa
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Agnes Antai
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Essien
- grid.412960.80000 0000 9156 2260Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Antai
- grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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12
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Ojo OB, Amoo ZA, Olaleye MT, Jha SK, Akinmoladun AC. Time and Brain Region-Dependent Excitatory Neurochemical Alterations in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Global Ischemia Model. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:96-116. [PMID: 36006597 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Strict metabolic regulation in discrete brain regions leads to neurochemical changes in cerebral ischemia. Accumulation of extracellular glutamate is one of the early neurochemical changes that take place during cerebral ischemia. Understanding the sequential neurochemical processes involved in cerebral ischemia-mediated excitotoxicity before the clinical intervention of revascularization and reperfusion may greatly influence future therapeutic strategies for clinical stroke recovery. This study investigated the influence of time and brain regions on excitatory neurochemical indices in the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model of global ischemia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to BCCAO for 15 and 60 min to evaluate the effect of ischemia duration on excitatory neurochemical indices (dopamine level, glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and Na+ K+ ATPase activities) in the discrete brain regions (cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus). BCCAO without reperfusion caused marked time and brain region-dependent alterations in glutamatergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, monoaminergic, cholinergic, and electrogenic homeostasis. Prolonged BCCAO decreased cortical, striatal, and cerebellar glutamatergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and electrogenic activities; increased hippocampal glutamatergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic activities, increased cortical and striatal monoaminergic activity; decreased cerebellar and hippocampal monoaminergic activity; and decreased hippocampal electrogenic activity. This suggests that excitatory neurotransmitters play a major role in the tissue-specific metabolic plasticity and reprogramming that takes place between the onset of cardiac arrest-mediated global ischemia and clinical intervention of recanalization. These tissue-specific neurochemical indices may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for mitigating the progression of ischemic damage before revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria. .,Sleep Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India.
| | - Zainab Abiola Amoo
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sushil Kumar Jha
- Sleep Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria.
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13
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Comparative structural and kinetic study for development of a novel candidate L-asparaginase based pharmaceutical. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Ryu J, Yang SJ, Son B, Lee H, Lee J, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Enhanced anti-cancer effect using MMP-responsive L-asparaginase fused with cell-penetrating 30Kc19 protein. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:278-285. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Patel P, Patel A, Agarwal-Rajput R, Rawal R, Dave B, Gosai H. Characterization, Anti-proliferative Activity, and Bench-Scale Production of Novel pH-Stable and Thermotolerant L-Asparaginase from Bacillus licheniformis PPD37. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3122-3141. [PMID: 36564676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial L-asparaginase (LA) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has remained mainstay of cancer treatment for several decades. LA has been extensively used worldwide for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A halotolerant bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis sp. isolated from marine environment was used for LA production. The enzyme produced was subjected to purification and physico-chemical characterisation. Purified LA was thermotolerant and demonstrated more than 90% enzyme activity after 1 h of incubation at 80 °C. LA has also proved to be resistant against pH gradient and retained activity at pH ranging from 3.0 to 10. The enzyme also had high salinity tolerance with 90% LA activity at 10% NaCl concentration. Detergents like Triton X-100 and Tween-80 were observed to inhibit LA activity while more than 70% catalytic activity was maintained in the presence of metals. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that LA is a heterodimer (~ 63 and ~ 65 kDa) and has molecular mass of around 130 kDa in native form. The kinetic parameters of LA were tested with LA having low Km value of 1.518 µM and Vmax value of 6.94 µM/min/mL. Purified LA has also exhibited noteworthy antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines-HeLa, SiHa, A549, and SH-SY-5Y. In addition, bench-scale LA production was conducted in a 5-L bioreactor using moringa leaves as cost-effective substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Patel
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Ajay Patel
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Reena Agarwal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research (IIAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharti Dave
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India
| | - Haren Gosai
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, 382740, India.
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16
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Asitok A, Ekpenyong M, Akwagiobe E, Asuquo M, Rao A, Ubi D, Iheanacho J, Ikharia E, Antai A, Essien J, Antai S. Interspecific protoplast fusion of atmospheric and room-temperature plasma mutants of Aspergillus generates an L-asparaginase hyper-producing hybrid with techno-economic benefits. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36449415 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2150643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The axenic culture of Aspergillus candidus (Asp-C) produced an anti-leukemic L-asparaginase while Aspergillus sydowii (Asp-S) produced the acrylamide-reduction type. Upon mutagenesis by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP), their individual L-asparaginase activities improved 2.3-folds in each of Ile-Thr-Asp-C-180-K and Val-Asp-S-180-E stable mutants. Protoplast fusion of selected stable mutants generated fusant-09 with improved anti-leukemic activity, acrylamide reduction, higher temperature optimum and superior kinetic parameters. Submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) types were compared; likewise batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentation modes; and fed-batch submerged fermentation was selected on the basis of impressive techno-economics. Fusant L-asparaginase was purified by PEG/Na+ citrate aqueous two-phase system and molecular exclusion chromatography to 69.96 and 146.21-fold, respectively, and characterized by molecular weight, specificity, activity and stability to chemical and physical agents. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, evaluated under optimum conditions gave Km, Vmax, Kcat, and Kcat/Km as 1.667 × 10-3 M, 1666.67 µmol min-1 mg-1 protein, 645.99 s-1 and 3.88 × 105 M-1 s-1 respectively. In-vitro cytotoxicity of HL-60 cell lines by fusant-09 L-asparaginase improved 3.00 and 18.71-folds from mutants Ile-Thr-Asp-C-180-K and Val-Asp-S-180-E, and from 5.73 and 32.55 from respective original strains. Free-radical scavenging and acrylamide reduction improvements were intermediate. Fusant-09 L-asparaginase is strongly recommended for sustainable economic anti-leukemic and food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atim Asitok
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Maurice Ekpenyong
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Akwagiobe
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Asuquo
- Department of Hematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Anitha Rao
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - David Ubi
- Food and Industrial Microbiology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Juliet Iheanacho
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Eloghosa Ikharia
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Agnes Antai
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Essien
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Antai
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- University of Calabar Collection of Microorganisms (UCCM), Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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17
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Molecular Characterization of a Stable and Robust L-Asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Acrylamide Mitigation Potential. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an important industrial enzyme widely used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to reduce acrylamide formation in food products. In the current study, a stable and robust L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199, with a high affinity for L-asparagine, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant L-asparaginase (Pg-ASNase II) was purified with a monomer size of 37.0 kDa and a native size of 148.0 kDa. During characterization, Pg-ASNase II exhibited 75.8 ± 3.84 U/mg specific activities in 50.0 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) at 50 °C. However, it retained 80 and 70% enzyme activity at 37 °C and 50 °C after 60 min, respectively. The half-life and kd values were 625.15 min and 1.10 × 10−3 min−1 at 37 °C. The kinetic constant Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat/Km values were 0.57 mM, 71.42 U/mg, 43.34 s−1, and 77.90 ± 9.81 s−1 mM−1 for L-asparagine, respectively. In addition, the enzyme has shown stability in the presence of most metal ions and protein-modifying agents. Pg-ASNase II was cytotoxic towards the MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer) with an estimated IC50 value of 0.169 U/mL in 24 h. Further, Pg-ASNase II treatment led to a 70% acrylamide reduction in baked foods. These findings suggest the potential of Pg-ASNase II in therapeutics and the food industry.
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Liu S, Rao S, Chen X, Li J. Enhanced salt-tolerance of Bacillus subtilis glutaminase by fusing self-assembling amphipathic peptides at its N-terminus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:996138. [PMID: 36159689 PMCID: PMC9490022 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.996138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) can catalyze the deamidation of glutamine, which has been used to improve umami taste in oriental fermented foods. However, a high salt concentration is still a fundamental challenge for glutaminase application, especially in soy sauce production. To improve the salt tolerance of glutaminase, the self-assembling amphiphilic peptides EAK16 and ELK16 were fused to the N-terminus of a mutant (E3C/E55F/D213T) derived from Bacillus subtilis glutaminase, yielding the fusion enzymes EAK16-E3C/E55F/D213T and ELK16-E3C/E55F/D213T, respectively. As ELK16-E3C/E55F/D213T was expressed as insoluble active inclusion bodies, only the purified EAK16-E3C/E55F/D213T was subjected to further analyses. After the incubation with 18% (w/v) NaCl for 200 min, the residual activities of EAK16-E3C/E55F/D213T in a NaCl-free solution reached 43.6%, while E3C/E55F/D213T was completely inactivated. When the enzyme reaction was conducted in the presence of 20% NaCl, the relative activity of EAK16-E3C/E55F/D213T was 0.47-fold higher than that of E3C/E55F/D213T. As protein surface hydrophobicity and protein particle size analysis suggested, oligomerization may play an important role in the salt-tolerance enhancement of the fusions. Furthermore, EAK16-E3C/E55F/D213T achieved a 0.88-fold increase in the titer of glutamic acid in a model system of soy sauce fermentation compared to E3C/E55F/D213T. Therefore, the fusion with self-assembling amphiphilic peptides is an efficient strategy to improve the salt-tolerance of glutaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianghua Li,
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de Souza Guimarães M, Cachumba JJM, Bueno CZ, Torres-Obreque KM, Lara GVR, Monteiro G, Barbosa LRS, Pessoa A, Rangel-Yagui CDO. Peg-Grafted Liposomes for L-Asparaginase Encapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1819. [PMID: 36145567 PMCID: PMC9503594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an important biological drug used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). It catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine (Asn) in the bloodstream and, since ALL cells cannot synthesize Asn, protein synthesis is impaired leading to apoptosis. Despite its therapeutic importance, ASNase treatment is associated to side effects, mainly hypersensitivity and immunogenicity. Furthermore, degradation by plasma proteases and immunogenicity shortens the enzyme half-life. Encapsulation of ASNase in liposomes, nanostructures formed by the self-aggregation of phospholipids, is an attractive alternative to protect the enzyme from plasma proteases and enhance pharmacokinetics profile. In addition, PEGylation might prolong the in vivo circulation of liposomes owing to the spherical shielding conferred by the polyethylene (PEG) corona around the nanostructures. In this paper, ASNase was encapsulated in liposomal formulations composed by 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) containing or not different concentrations of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG). Nanostructures of approximately 142-202 nm of diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.069 to 0.190 were obtained and the vesicular shape confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM and cryo-TEM). The encapsulation efficiency (%EE) varied from 10% to 16%. All formulations presented activity in contact with ASNase substrate, indicating the liposomes permeability to Asn and/or enzyme adsorption at the nanostructures' surface; the highest activity was observed for DMPC/DSPE-PEG 10%. Finally, we investigated the activity against the Molt 4 leukemic cell line and found a lower IC50 for the DMPC/DSPE-PEG 10% formulation in comparison to the free enzyme, indicating our system could provide in vivo activity while protecting the enzyme from immune system recognition and proteases degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Souza Guimarães
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Javier Muso Cachumba
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Zorzi Bueno
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Mariana Torres-Obreque
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Grace Verónica Ruiz Lara
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ramos Souza Barbosa
- Department of General Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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20
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Selection and Optimization of Medium Components for the Efficient Production of L-Asparaginase by Leucosporidium scottii L115—A Psychrotolerant Yeast. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the production of L-asparaginase (ASNase), an enzyme mainly used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, by Leucosporidiumscottii L115, a psychrotolerant yeast isolated from the Antarctic ecosystem. Focus was given to select the most appropriate medium components able to maximize the enzyme production by this yeast, as a first step for the development of a new process to produce ASNase. By combining knowledge in bioprocesses, statistical analysis and modeling, the medium composition that most favored enzyme production was established, which consisted of using a mixture of sucrose (28.34 g L−1) and glycerol (15.61 g L−1) as carbon sources, supplemented with proline (6.15 g L−1) and the following salts (g L−1): KCl, 0.52; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.52; CuNO3·3H2O, 0.001; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001; and FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001. By using this medium, enzyme production of 2850 U L−1 (productivity of 23.75 U L−1 h−1) was obtained, which represented a 28-fold increase in enzyme production per gram of cells (178 U gdcw−1) when compared to the control (non-optimized medium), and a 50-fold increase when compared to a reference medium used for ASNase production.
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21
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Chand S, Mihooliya KN, Sahoo DK, Prasad JP, Sharma G. L-asparaginase from Bacillus flexus strain SS: Isolation, Screening, Production Process Optimization, Purification, and Anticancer Activity. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Biochemical characterization and detection of antitumor activity of l-asparaginase from thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106146. [PMID: 35863721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginases, which are oncolytic enzymes, have been used in clinical applications for many years. These enzymes are also important in food processing industry due to their potential in acrylamide-mitigation. In this study, the gene for l-asparaginase (GkASN) from a thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus kaustophilus, was cloned and expressed in E. coli Rosetta™2 (DE3) cells utilizing the pET-22b(+) vector. The 6xHis-tag attached enzyme was purified and analyzed both biochemically and structurally. The molecular mass of GkASN was determined as ∼36 kDa by SDS-PAGE, Western Blotting, and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme was determined as 55 °C and 8.5, respectively. The enzyme retained 89% of its thermal stability at 37 °C and 75% at 55 °C after 6 h of incubation. The enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and EDTA, while the activity was enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, Mg2+, and thiol group protective agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and DTT. The structural modeling analysis demonstrated that the catalytic residues of the enzyme were partially similar to other asparaginases. The therapeutic potential of GkASN was tested on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, a solid cancer type with high mortality rate and rapidly increasing incidence in recent years. We showed that the GkASN-induced asparagine deficiency effectively reduced the metastatic synergy in HCC SNU387 cells on a xCELLigence system with differentiated epithelial Hep3B and poorly differentiated metastatic mesenchymal HCC SNU387 cells.
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23
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Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of an L-Asparaginase from Isolated Escherichia coli MF-107 as an Anti-Tumor Enzyme on MCF7 Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:279-90. [PMID: 35690915 PMCID: PMC9432472 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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24
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Chakravarty N, Sharma M, Kumar P, Singh RP. Biochemical and molecular insights on the bioactivity and binding interactions of Bacillus australimaris NJB19 L-asparaginase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:1-11. [PMID: 35718140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase, an antileukemic enzyme, is indispensable to the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). However, the intrinsic glutaminase activity entails various side effects to the patients; thus, an improved version of the enzyme lacking glutaminase activity would be a requisite for effective treatment management of ALL. The present study highlights the biochemical and molecular characteristics of the recombinant glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Bacillus australimaris NJB19 (BaAsp). Investigation of the active site architecture of the protein unraveled the binding interactions of BaAsp with its substrate. Comparative analysis of the L-asparaginase sequences revealed few substitutions of key amino acids in the BaAsp that could construe its substrate selectivity and specificity. The purified heterologously expressed protein (42 kDa) displayed maximum L-asparaginase activity at 35-40 °C and pH 8.5-9, with no observed L-glutaminase activity. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, were determined as 45.6 μM and 0.16 μmoles min-1, respectively. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed a conserved zinc-binding site in the protein, which is generally implicated in inhibiting the L-asparaginase activity. However, BaAsp was not inhibited by zinc at 1 mM concentration. Therefore, the findings provide insights on the biochemical and molecular details of BaAsp, which could be valuable in formulating it for alternate antileukemic drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Chakravarty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - R P Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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25
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Johny TK, Puthusseri RM, Saidumohamed BE, Sheela UB, Puthusseri SP, Sasidharan RS, Bhat SG. Appraisal of cytotoxicity and acrylamide mitigation potential of L-asparaginase SlpA from fish gut microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3583-3598. [PMID: 35579684 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has application in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, as well as in other malignancies, in addition to its role as a food processing aid for the mitigation of acrylamide formation in the baking industry. Its use in cancer chemotherapy is limited due to problems such as its intrinsic glutaminase activity and associated side effects, leading to an increased interest in the search for novel L-asparaginases without L-glutaminase activity. This study reports the cloning and expression of an L-asparaginase contig obtained from whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of Sardinella longiceps gut microbiota. Purified recombinant glutaminase-free L-asparaginase SlpA was a 74 kDa homodimer, with maximal activity at pH 8 and 30 °C. Km and Vmax of SlpA were determined to be 3.008 mM and 0.014 mM/min, respectively. SlpA displayed cytotoxic activity against K-562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines with IC50 values of 0.3443 and 2.692 U/mL, respectively. SlpA did not show any cytotoxic activity against normal lymphocytes and was proved to be hemocompatible. Pre-treatment of biscuit and bread dough with different concentrations of SlpA resulted in a clear, dose-dependent reduction of acrylamide formation during baking. KEY POINTS: • Cloned and expressed L-asparaginase (SlpA) from fish gut microbiota • Purified SlpA displayed good cytotoxicity against K-562 and MCF-7 cell lines • SlpA addition caused a significant reduction of acrylamide formation during baking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kollannoor Johny
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Rinu Madhu Puthusseri
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | | | | | - Saipriya Parol Puthusseri
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Raghul Subin Sasidharan
- Department of Zoology, Government College Kariavattom, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Sarita Ganapathy Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India.
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26
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Wang N, Ji W, Wang L, Wu W, Zhang W, Wu Q, Du W, Bai H, Peng B, Ma B, Li L. Overview of the structure, side effects, and activity assays of l-asparaginase as a therapy drug of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:117-128. [PMID: 35308022 PMCID: PMC8864486 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (l-ASNase is the abbreviation, l-asparagine aminohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that is clinically employed as an antitumor agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although l-ASNase is known to deplete l-asparagine (l-Asn), causing cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, the specific molecular signaling pathways are not well defined. Because of the deficiencies in the production and administration of current formulations, the l-ASNase agent in clinical use is still associated with serious side effects, so controlling its dose and activity monitoring during therapy is crucial for improving the treatment success rate. Accordingly, it is urgent to summarize and develop effective analytical methods to detect l-ASNase activity in treatment. However, current reports on these detection methods are fragmented and also have not been systematically summarized and classified, thereby not only delaying the investigations of specific molecular mechanisms, but also hindering the development of novel detection methods. Herein, in this review, we provided a detailed summary of the l-ASNase structures, antitumor mechanism and side effects, and current detection approaches, such as fluorescence assays, colorimetric assays, spectroscopic assays and some other assays. All of them possess unique advantages and disadvantages, so it has been difficult to establish clear criteria for clinical application. We hope that this review will be of some value in promoting the development of l-ASNase activity detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wanxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
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27
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Suhail Zbar N. Purification and characterization of L-asparaginase extracted from local Iraqi green beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris). BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent metabolite for the storage and transport of nitrogen used in protein production is L-asparagine; in earlier studies, L-asparaginase enzyme derived from microorganisms was utilized to treat cancer cells; therefore, this study aimed to purify and describe this enzyme derived from Iraqi green bean seeds rather than microbial sources. The enzymes were partially purified from green beans by short steps, including centrifugation of crude enzyme, dialysis by Diethylaminoethyl Sepharose Column, and equilibrated using 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, and then applied to a sephacryl S-200. Coulometric methods measured the enzymatic activity at 450 nm, and the unit of activity was calculated by comparing it to a standard curve. Purification of L-asparaginase yielded a 5 percent yield, a 2.7 fold increase in activity, and a 43 unit/ml activity. The pH of asparaginase was optimal at 8.0. After a one-day incubation period, this enzyme became more stable at pH levels ranging from 7.5 to 9.5. This enzyme had the same optimal temperature and thermal stability at 40°C, but it was more stable at temperatures ranging from 20 to 40°C, allowing it to retain its maximal activity.
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28
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Abhini KN, Rajan AB, Fathimathu Zuhara K, Sebastian D. Response surface methodological optimization of L-asparaginase production from the medicinal plant endophyte Acinetobacter baumannii ZAS1. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 35138483 PMCID: PMC8828825 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study targets the enhanced production of L-asparaginase, an antitumor enzyme by Acinetobacter baumannii ZAS1. This organism is an endophyte isolated from the medicinal plant Annona muricata. Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) were used for statistical optimization of media components. RESULTS The organism exhibited 18.85 ± 0.2 U/mL enzyme activities in unoptimized media. Eight variables: L-asparagine, peptone, glucose, lactose, yeast extract, NaCl, MgSO4, and Na2HPO4 were screened by PBD. Among them, only four factors-L-asparagine, peptone, glucose, and Na2HPO4-were found to affect enzyme production significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the best possible concentrations and interactive effects of the components that enhance this enzyme's output were chosen by using CCD on these selected variables. The results revealed that an optimized medium produces a higher concentration of enzymes than the unoptimized medium. After optimizing media components, the maximum L-asparaginase activity was 45.59 ± 0.36 U/mL, around the anticipated value of 45.04 ± 0.42 U/mL. After optimization of process parameters, it showed a 2.41-fold increase in the production of L-asparaginase by the endophyte Acinetobacter baumannii ZAS1. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that an endophyte, Acinetobacter baumannii ZAS1 that produces L-asparaginase could be used to increase enzyme output. However, using the statistical methods Plackett-Burman design and central composite design of response surface methodology is a handy tool for optimizing media components for increased L-asparaginase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Abhini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Akhila B Rajan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - K Fathimathu Zuhara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Denoj Sebastian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
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Al Yousef SA. Fusarium sp. L-asparaginases: purification, characterization, and potential assessment as an antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11243-11254. [PMID: 34532809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginases important role in the treatment of leukemia. It is part of chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia in the last three decades. L-Asparaginase is isolated from Fusarium sp. isolated from soil and purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G 100. Characterization of the crude enzyme revealed it is a metalloprotease inhibited by EDTA. Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ also inhibited the enzyme. Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ activated L-asparaginase. Furthermore, kinetic studies of purified enzyme were carried out. Vmax and Km were 0.031 M and 454 U/mL, respectively. The optimum temperature was 30 °C and the optimum pH was 7. Concerning substrate specificity, gelatin and casein in addition to L-asparagine were tested. The enzyme was found to be nonspecific that could hydrolyze all tested substrates at different rates. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the case of L-asparagine, followed by casein and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weight of L-asparaginase was 22.5 kDa. The antileukemic cytotoxicity assay of the enzyme against RAW2674 leukemic cell lines by MTT viability test was estimated. The enzyme exhibited antileukemic activity with IC50 of 50.1 UmL-1. The current work presents additional information regarding the purification and characterization of the enzyme produced by Fusarium sp. and its evaluation as a potential antileukemic chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A Al Yousef
- Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin, 319 91, Saudi Arabia.
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Patel P, Gosai H, Panseriya H, Dave B. Development of Process and Data Centric Inference System for Enhanced Production of L-Asparaginase from Halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis PPD37. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1659-1681. [PMID: 34845588 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims at bioengineering of medium components using data and process centric approaches for enhanced production of L-asparaginase, an important biological molecule, by halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis PPD37 strain. To achieve this, first significant medium components were screened followed by optimisation of a combination of media components and culture conditions such as L-asparagine, MgSO4, NaCl, pH, and temperature. Optimisation study was carried out using statistical models such as response surface methodology (RSM) - process centric and artificial neural network (ANN) - data centric approaches. The production improved from 2.86 U/mL to 17.089 U/mL, an increase of approximately 6-times of the unoptimised L-asparaginase production. On comparing RSM and ANN models for optimised L-asparaginase production based on R2 value, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute deviation (MAD) values, the ANN model emerged as the superior one. As this is the first report to the authors best knowledge on development of inference system using RSM and ANN models for enhanced L-asparaginase production using a halotolerant bacteria, this study could lead to more in-depth and large-scale L-asparaginase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Patel
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Indrashil University, Dist. Mehsana, Rajpur-Kadi, Gujarat, India, 382740
| | - Haren Gosai
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Indrashil University, Dist. Mehsana, Rajpur-Kadi, Gujarat, India, 382740.
| | - Haresh Panseriya
- Gujarat Ecology Society, Synergy house, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 390003
| | - Bharti Dave
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Indrashil University, Dist. Mehsana, Rajpur-Kadi, Gujarat, India, 382740
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Characterization of a New L-Glutaminase Produced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans RSHG1, Isolated from an Expired Hydrolyzed L-Glutamine Sample. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As significant biocatalyst, L-glutaminases find potential applications in various fields, from nourishment to the pharmaceutical industry. Anticancer activity and flavor enhancement are the most promising applications of L-glutaminases. In this study, L-glutaminase was isolated and purified from an old glutamine sample. A selected bacterial isolate was characterized taxonomically by morphological characters, biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequence homology testing. The taxonomical characterization of the isolate identified it as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain RSHG1. The isolate showed maximum enzyme production at 30 °C, pH 9, with Sorbitol as a carbon source and L-Glutamine as a nitrogen and inducer source. L-Glutaminsae was purified by using column chromatography on a Sephadex G-75. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 40 KDa, pH optimal 7 and is stable in the pH range of 6–8. The optimum temperature for the catalyst was 40 °C and stable at 35–50 °C. The kinetic studies of the purified L-glutaminase exhibited Km and Vmax of 0.236 mM and 443.8 U/mg, respectively. L-Glutaminase activity was increased when incubated with 20 mM CaCl2, BaCl2, ZnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 and NaCl, whereas EDTA, CoCl2, HgCl, ZnSO4 and FeSO4 decreased the activity of the enzyme. The addition of 8% NaCl enhanced the glutaminase activity. L-Glutaminase immobilized on 3.6% agar was stable for up to 3 weeks.
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Andrade KCR, Fernandes RA, Pinho DB, de Freitas MM, Filho EXF, Pessoa A, Silva JI, Magalhães PO. Sequencing and characterization of an L-asparaginase gene from a new species of Penicillium section Citrina isolated from Cerrado. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17861. [PMID: 34504186 PMCID: PMC8429440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is used in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The preparations of this enzyme for clinical use are derived from bacterial sources and its use is associated with serious adverse reactions. In this context, it is important to find new sources of L-ASNase. In this work, the Placket-Burman Experimental Design (PBD) was used to determine the influence of the variables on the L-ASNase production then it was followed by a 28-4 Factorial Fractional Design (FFD). The results obtained from PBD have shown a range of L-ASNase activity, from 0.47 to 1.77 U/gcell and the results obtained from FFD have showed a range of L-ASNase activity, from 1.10 to 2.36 U/gcell. L-proline and ammonium sulfate were identified as of significant positive variables on this production enzyme by Penicillium cerradense sp. nov. The precise identification of this new species was confirmed by morphological characteristics and sequence comparisons of the nuclear 18S-5.8S-28S partial nrDNA including the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, RNA polymerase II, β-tubulin and calmodulin genomic regions. The genetic sequence coding for the L-ASNase was obtained after carrying out a full genome sequencing. The L-ASNase expressed by P. cerradense sp. nov may have promising antineoplastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen C R Andrade
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rildo A Fernandes
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcela M de Freitas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Inácio Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Perola O Magalhães
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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El-Gendy MMAA, Yahya SMM, Hamed AR, El-Bondkly AMA. Assessment of the phylogenetic analysis and antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities of marine endophytic Streptomyces species of the soft coral Sarcophyton convolutum. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:133-152. [PMID: 34427819 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the extensive biological activities of marine endophytic Streptomyces strains isolated from marine soft coral Sarcophyton convolutum have been demonstrated. Within fifty-one Streptomyces isolates evaluated for their hydrolytic enzymes and enzyme inhibitors productivities, six isolates showed the hyperactivities. Pharmaceutical metabolites productivities evaluated include enzymes (alkaline protease, L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, tyrosinase, and L-methioninase) and enzyme inhibitors (inhibitors of α-amylase, hyaluronidase, β-lactamase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase). These isolates were identified based on their morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics as Streptomyces sp. MORSY 17, Streptomyces sp. MORSY 22, Streptomyces sp. MORSY 25, Streptomyces sp. MORSY 36, Streptomyces sp. MORSY 45, and Streptomyces sp. MORSY 50. Moreover, in further evaluation, these strains exhibited wide spectrum of antimicrobial (against bacteria and fungi), antiviral (against hepatitis C virus), antibiofilm against biofilm-forming bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas species), and anti-proliferative activities (against liver and colon carcinoma cell lines). The GC-MS analysis of the hyperactive strains MORSY 17 and MORSY 22 revealed the presence of different bioactive agents in the ethyl acetate extract of both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaymaa M M Yahya
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department and Biology Unit, Central Lab for the Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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34
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Existence in cellulose shelters: industrial and pharmaceutical leads of symbiotic actinobacteria from ascidian Phallusia nigra, Andaman Islands. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:120. [PMID: 34132920 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of actinobacteria associated with marine ascidian Phallusia nigra from Andaman Islands was investigated. A total of 10 actinobacteria were isolated and based on the biochemical and molecular characterization, the isolates were assigned to 7 different actinobacterial genera. Eight putatively novel species belonging to genera Rhodococcus, Kineococcus, Kocuria, Janibacter, Salinispora and Arthrobacter were identified based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity with the NCBI database. The organic extracts of ten isolates displayed considerable bioactivity against test pathogens, which were Gram-positive and Gram-negative in nature. PCR-based screening for type I and type II polyketide synthases (PKS-I, PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) revealed that, 10 actinobacterial isolates encoded at least one type of polyketide synthases biosynthesis gene. Majority of the isolates found to produce industrially important enzymes; amylase, protease, gelatinase, lipase, DNase, cellulase, urease, phosphatase and L-asparaginase. The present study emphasized that, ascidians are a prolific resource for novel bioactive actinobacteria with potential for novel drug discovery. This result expands the scope to functionally characterize the novel ascidian associated marine actinobacteria and their metabolites could be a source for the novel molecules of commercial interest.
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35
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da Cunha MC, Aguilar JGDS, Orrillo Lindo SMDR, de Castro RJS, Sato HH. L-asparaginase from Aspergillus oryzae spp.: effects of production process and biochemical parameters. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:253-263. [PMID: 34110268 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1931881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginases prevent the formation of acrylamide, a substance commonly found in foods subjected to heat and that also contains reducing sugars and L-asparagine. This work aimed to select a strain of Aspergillus spp. able to produce L-asparaginase and to optimize the fermentation parameters, the partial purification and biochemical characterization were also performed. The Aspergillus oryzae IOC 3999 was selected due to its greater enzymatic activity: 1443.57 U/mL of L-asparaginase after 48 h of fermentation. The optimized conditions allowed for an increase of 223% on the L-asparaginase production: 2.9% lactose, 2.9% L-asparagine and 0.7% hydrolyzed casein, 0.152% KH2PO4, 0.052% KCl and MgSO4, 0.001% of CuNO3.3H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O and FeSO4.7H2O adjusted to pH 7.0; added a concentration of 5.05x106 spores/mL at 30 °C for 100 rpm. A purification factor of 2.11 was found and the molecular mass was estimated at 20.8 kDa. The enzyme showed optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 5 and stability at 50 °C for 1 h. The enzyme presented desirable biochemical characteristics, mainly the acid pH stability, indicating that the enzyme would work well in food matrices due to the closeness of pH, meaning that it could be a potential option for use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helia Harumi Sato
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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36
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Flores-Santos JC, Moguel IS, Monteiro G, Pessoa A, Vitolo M. Improvement in extracellular secretion of recombinant L-asparaginase II by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using glycine and n-dodecane. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1247-1255. [PMID: 34100260 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase II (ASNase) is the biopharmaceutical of choice for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In this study, E. coli BL21 (DE3) transformed with the pET15b + asnB vector which expresses recombinant ASNase was used as a source to obtain this enzyme. The ideal conditions to produce ASNase would be a high level of secretion into the extracellular medium, which depends not only on the application of molecular biology techniques but also on the development of a strategy to modify cell permeability such as the addition of substances to the culture medium that stimulate destabilisation of structural components of the cell. Thus, the growth of E. coli BL21 (DE3) in modified Luria-Bertani broth, supplemented with 0.8% (w/v) glycine and 6% (v/v) n-dodecane, increased the total yield of ASNase by about 50% (15,108 IU L-1) and resulted in a 16-fold increase in extracellular enzymatic productivity (484 IU L-1 h-1), compared to production using the same medium without addition of these substances. Most of the enzyme (89%) was secreted into the culture medium 24 h after the induction step. This proposed approach presents a simple strategy to increase extracellular production of ASNase in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Flores-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Bloco 16, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 580, Brazil
| | - Ignacio S Moguel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Bloco 16, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 580, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Bloco 16, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 580, Brazil.
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Bloco 16, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 580, Brazil
| | - Michele Vitolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Bloco 16, São Paulo, SP, CEP, 580, Brazil
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37
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Ekpenyong M, Asitok A, Antigha R, Ogarekpe N, Ekong U, Asuquo M, Essien J, Antai S. Bioprocess Optimization of Nutritional Parameters for Enhanced Anti-leukemic L-Asparaginase Production by Aspergillus candidus UCCM 00117: A Sequential Statistical Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1501-1527. [PMID: 33716598 PMCID: PMC7942987 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sequential optimization of bioprocess nutritional conditions for production of glutaminase-near-free L-asparaginase by Aspergillus candidus UCCM 00117 was conducted under shake flask laboratory conditions. Catalytic and anti-cancer activities of the poly-peptide were evaluated using standard in vitro biochemical methods. Medium nutrients were selected by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach while Plackett-Burman design (PBD) screened potential factors for optimization. Path of steepest ascent (PSA) and response surface methodology (RSM) of a Min-Run-Res V fractional factorial of a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to optimize factor levels towards improved enzyme activity. A multi-objective approach using desirability function generated through predictor importance and weighted coefficient methodology was adopted for optimization. The approach set optimum bioprocess conditions as 49.55 g/L molasses, 64.98% corn steep liquor, 44.23 g/L asparagine, 1.73 g/L potassium, 0.055 g/L manganese and 0.043 g/L chromium (III) ions, at a composite desirability of 0.943 and an L-asparaginase activity of 5216.95U. The Sephadex-200 partially-purified polypeptide had a specific activity of 476.84 U/mg; 0.087U glutaminase activity, 36.46% yield and 20-fold protein purification. Anti-cancer activity potentials of the catalytic poly-peptide were dose-dependent with IC50 (µg/mL): 4.063 (HL-60), 13.75 (HCT-116), 15.83 (HeLa), 11.68 (MCF-7), 7.61 (HepG-2). The therapeutic enzyme exhibited 15-fold more cytotoxicity to myeloid leukemia cell line than to normal (HEK 238 T) cell. Optimum temperature and pH for activity were within physiological range. However, significant interactions between exposure time and levels of each of temperature and pH made interpretations of residual enzyme activities difficult. The manganese-dependent L-asparaginase from Aspergillu s candidus UCCM 00117 is recommended for further anticancer drug investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ekpenyong
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Atim Asitok
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Richard Antigha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Nkpa Ogarekpe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Ubong Ekong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Asuquo
- Department of Hematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Essien
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.,International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Antai
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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38
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Screening and Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of l-asparaginase by Indigenous Fungal-Type Strains. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-020-01056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chakravarty N, Priyanka, Singh J, Singh RP. A potential type-II L-asparaginase from marine isolate Bacillus australimaris NJB19: Statistical optimization, in silico analysis and structural modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:527-539. [PMID: 33508362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is a cardinal biotherapeutic drug for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is highly prevalent in children worldwide. In the current investigation, L-asparaginase producing marine bacterial isolate, Bacillus australimaris NJB19 (MG734654), was observed to be producing extracellular glutaminase free L-asparaginase (13.27 ± 0.4 IU mL-1). Production of L-asparaginase was enhanced by the Box-Behnken design approach that enumerated the significant variables affecting the enzyme production. The optimum levels of the derived variables resulted in 2.8-fold higher levels of the enzyme production (37.93 ± 1.06 IU mL-1). An 1146 bp L-asparaginase biosynthetic gene of Bacillus australimaris NJB19 was identified and cloned in E. coli DH5α, fused with a histidine tag. The in silico analysis of the protein sequence revealed the presence of a signal peptide and classified it as a type II L-asparaginase. Toxic peptide prediction disclosed no toxin domain in the protein sequence, hence suggesting it as a non-toxic protein. The secondary structure analysis of the enzyme displayed a comparable percentage of alpha-helical and random coil structure, while 14.39% and 6.57% of amino acid residues were composed of extended strands and beta-turns, respectively. The functional sites in the three-dimensional structural model of the protein were predicted and interestingly had a few less conserved residues. Bacillus australimaris NJB19 identified in this study produces type-II L-asparaginase, known for its high affinity for asparagine and effectiveness against leukemic cells. Hence, these observations indicate the L-asparaginase, thus obtained, as a potentially significant and novel therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Chakravarty
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - R P Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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40
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Awad MF, El-Shenawy FS, El-Gendy MMAA, El-Bondkly EAM. Purification, characterization, and anticancer and antioxidant activities of L-glutaminase from Aspergillus versicolor Faesay4. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:169-181. [PMID: 33389217 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-Glutaminase is an amidohydrolase which can act as a vital chemotherapeutic agent against various malignancies. In the present work, L-glutaminase productivity from Aspergillus versicolor Faesay4 was significantly increased by 7.72-fold (from 12.33 ± 0.47 to 95.15 ± 0.89 U/mL) by optimizing submerged fermentation parameters in Czapek's Dox (CZD) medium including an incubation period from 3 (12.33 ± 0.47 U/mL) to 6 days (23.36 ± 0.58 U/mL), an incubation temperature from 30 °C (23.36 ± 0.49 U/mL) to 25 °C (31.08 ± 0.60 U/mL), initial pH from pH 5.0 (8.49 ± 0.21 U/mL) to pH 7.0 (32.18 ± 0.57 U/mL), replacement of glucose (30.19 ± 0.52 U/mL) by sucrose (48.97 ± 0.67 U/mL) as the carbon source at a concentration of 2.0% (w/v), increasing glutamine concentration as the nitrogen source from 1.0% (w/v, 48.54 ± 0.48 U/mL) to 1.5% (w/v, 63.01 ± 0.60 U/mL), and addition of a mixture of KH2PO4 and NaCl (0.5% w/v for both) to SZD as the metal supplementation (95.15 ± 0.89 U/mL). Faesay4 L-glutaminase was purified to yield total activity 13,160 ± 22.76 (U), specific activity 398.79 ± 9.81 (U/mg of protein), and purification fold 2.1 ± 3.18 with final enzyme recovery 57.22 ± 2.17%. The pure enzyme showed a molecular weight of 61.80 kDa, and it was stable and retained 100.0% of its activity at a temperature ranged from 10 to 40 °C and pH 7.0. In our trials, to increase the enzyme activity by optimizing the assay conditions (which were temperature 60 °C, pH 7.0, substrate glutamine, substrate concentration 1.0%, and reaction time 60 min), the enzyme activity increased by 358.8% after changing the assay temperature from 60 to 30 °C and then increased by 138% after decreasing the reaction time from 60 to 40 min. However, both pH 7.0 and glutamine as the substrate remain the best assay parameters for the L-glutaminase activity. When the glutamine in the assay as the reaction substrate was replaced by asparagine, lysine, proline, methionine, cysteine, glycine, valine, phenylalanine, L-alanine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and serine, the enzyme lost 23.86%, 29.0%, 31.0%, 48.3%, 50.0%, 73.6%, 74.51%, 80.42%, 82.5%, 83.43%, 88.36%, and 89.78% of its activity with glutamine, respectively. Furthermore, Mn2+, K+, Na+, and Fe3+ were enzymatic activators that increased the L-glutaminase activity by 25.0%, 18.05%, 10.97%, and 8.0%, respectively. Faesay4 L-glutaminase was characterized as a serine protease enzyme as a result of complete inhibition by all serine protease inhibitors (PMSF, benzamidine, and TLCK). Purified L-glutaminase isolated from Aspergillus versicolor Faesay4 showed potent DPPH scavenging activities with IC50 = 50 μg/mL and anticancer activities against human liver (HepG-2), colon (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), and cervical (Hela) cancer cell lines with IC50 39.61, 12.8, 6.18, 11.48, and 7.25 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fareed Shawky El-Shenawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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41
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El-Fakharany E, Orabi H, Abdelkhalek E, Sidkey N. Purification and biotechnological applications of L-asparaginase from newly isolated Bacillus halotolerans OHEM18 as antitumor and antioxidant agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3837-3849. [PMID: 33228468 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1851300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a new bacterial strain, Bacillus halotolerans OHEM18 was significantly found to produce extracellular L-asparaginase. L-asparaginase was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and QFF column to 3.84-fold with specific activity of 215.33 U/mg and its molecular mass was assessed to be 41.5 kDa. Maximum enzyme activity was determined at pH 8.2 and 40 °C and with retaining 70% of its activity after incubation for 1 h at 50 °C. Km and Vmax values were determined to be 0.0047 M and 92.74, respectively. Cytotoxicity test indicated a significant safety of L-asparaginase on Vero cells with selectivity against leukemia, breast cancer and hepatoma cells. NFS-60 cells was the most sensitive tumor cells to L-asparaginase with IC50 of 10.29 µg/ml and selectivity index of 30.61. This selectivity was recognized to be an apoptosis-dependent mechanism proven via cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 phase and fragmentation of genomic DNA. L-asparaginase showed antioxidant activity against both DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 64.07 and 177.1 mg/ml, respectively. These competitive advantage of bacterial L-asparaginase over than other sources is that it might be produced in large amounts through production in large-scale biofermenters, which decreases costs, besides having a sustainable bacterial source. Our findings established that the potent cytotoxic effect of L-asparaginase isolated from B. halotolerans OHEM18 may be a promise candidate for further medicinal applications as an antioxidant and antitumor drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Orabi
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelkhalek
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Sidkey
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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42
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Santiago JS, Cerro RL, Scholz C. A robust affinity chromatography system based on ceramic monoliths coated with poly(amino acid)‐based polymeric constructs. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez Santiago
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL USA
| | - Ramón L Cerro
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL USA
| | - Carmen Scholz
- Department of Chemistry University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL USA
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43
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Bueno CZ, Apolinário AC, Duro-Castano A, Poma A, Pessoa A, Rangel-Yagui CO, Battaglia G. l-Asparaginase Encapsulation into Asymmetric Permeable Polymersomes. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1471-1477. [PMID: 35653665 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reports, for the encapsulation of l-asparaginase, an anticancer enzyme into hybrid PMPC25-PDPA70/PEO16-PBO22 asymmetric polymersomes previously developed by our group, with loading capacities with over 800 molecules per vesicle. Enzyme-loaded polymersomes show permeability and capacity to hydrolyze l-asparagine, which is essential to cancer cells. The nanoreactors proposed in this work can be potentially used in further studies to develop novel therapeutic alternatives based on l-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Z Bueno
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexsandra C Apolinário
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroa Duro-Castano
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom.,Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, WC1X 8LD London, United Kingdom
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlota O Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Costa-Silva T, Costa I, Biasoto H, Lima G, Silva C, Pessoa A, Monteiro G. Critical overview of the main features and techniques used for the evaluation of the clinical applicability of L-asparaginase as a biopharmaceutical to treat blood cancer. Blood Rev 2020; 43:100651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Paul V, Tiwary BN. An investigation on the acrylamide mitigation potential of l-asparaginase from BV-C strain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Applications of red pigments from psychrophilic Rhodonellum psychrophilum GL8 in health, food and antimicrobial finishes on textiles. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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47
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Prihanto AA, Yanti I, Murtazam MA, Jatmiko YD. Optimization of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase production using mangrove endophytic Lysinibacillus fusiformis B27. F1000Res 2020; 8:1938. [PMID: 32566131 PMCID: PMC7287513 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21178.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mangrove,
Rhizophora mucronata, an essential source of endophytic bacteria, was investigated for its ability to produce glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. The study aimed to obtain glutaminase-free L-asparaginase-producing endophytic bacteria from the mangrove and to optimize enzyme production. Methods: The screening of L-asparaginase-producing bacteria used modified M9 medium. The potential producer was further analyzed with respect to its species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Taguchi experimental design was applied to optimize the enzyme production. Four factors (L-asparagine concentration, pH, temperature, and inoculum concentration) were selected at four levels. Results: The results indicated that the endophytic bacteria
Lysinibacillus fusiformis B27 isolated from
R. mucronata was a potential producer of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. The experiment indicated that pH 6, temperature at 35°C, and inoculum concentration of 1.5% enabled the best production and were essential factors. L-asparagine (2%) was less critical for optimum production. Conclusions: L. fusiformis B27, isolated from
Rhizophora mucronata, can be optimized for L-ASNase enzyme production using optimization factors (L-ASNase, pH, temperature, and inoculum), which can increase L-ASNase enzyme production by approximately three-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asep Awaludin Prihanto
- Department Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.,BIO-SEAFOOD Research Unit, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Indah Yanti
- Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematic, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | | | - Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematic, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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48
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Optimization of aqueous two-phase micellar system for partial purification of L-asparaginase from Penicillium sp. grown in wheat bran as agro-industrial residue. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:979-988. [PMID: 32424715 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase has been used in the remission of malignant neoplasms such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The search for new sources of this enzyme has become attractive for therapeutics. Traditional methods for biomolecule purification involve several steps. A two-phase system may be a good strategy to anticipate one of these stages. This study aimed to produce and purify a fungal L-asparaginase through an aqueous two-phase micellar system (ATPMS) using Triton X-114. The fungus Penicillium sp.-encoded 2DSST1 was isolated from Cerrado soil. Plackett-Burman design followed by a 24 full factorial design was used to determine the best conditions to produce L-asparaginase. The evaluated variables were L-asparagine, L-proline, wheat bran, potato dextrose broth, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, sucrose and glucose concentrations, incubation temperature, incubation period, and initial pH of the culture medium. L-asparaginase quantification was valued by the formation of β-aspartyl hydroxamate. The significant positive variables, L-asparagine, L-proline, potato dextrose broth, and sucrose concentrations, were evaluated at 2 levels (+ 1 and - 1) with triplicate of the central point. After 34 runs, maximum activity (2.33 IU/mL) was achieved at the factorial design central point. A central composite design was performed in ATPMS at two levels (+ 1 and - 1) varying Triton X-114 concentration (w/v), separation phase temperature, and crude extract concentration (w/v). The L-asparaginase partition coefficient (K) was considered the experimental design response. Out of the 16 systems that were examined, the most promising presented a purification factor of 1.4 and a yield of 100%.
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El-Naggar NEA, El-Shweihy NM. Bioprocess development for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei, purification and in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7942. [PMID: 32409719 PMCID: PMC7224186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the near future, the demand for L-asparaginase is expected to rise several times due to an increase in its clinical and industrial applications in various industrial sectors, such as food processing. Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-K is potent L-asparaginase producer, isolated and identified as new subsp. Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K and the sequence data has been deposited under accession number KJ200343 at the GenBank database. Sixteen different independent factors were examined for their effects on L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K under solid state fermentation conditions using Plackett-Burman design. pH, dextrose and yeast extract were the most significant factors affecting L-asparaginase production. Thus, using central composite design, the optimum levels of these variables were determined. L-asparaginase purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate followed by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column with a final purification fold of 16.18. The monomeric molecular weight of the purified L-asparaginase was 64 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE method. The in vitro effects of L-asparaginase were evaluated on five human tumor cell lines and found to have a strong anti-proliferative effects. The results showed that the strongest cytotoxic effect of L-asparaginase was exerted on the HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.2 and 2.54 ± 0.3 U/mL; respectively). In addition, the selectivity index of L-asparaginase against HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines was 3.94 and 3.35; respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nancy M El-Shweihy
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
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Alshehri WA. Bacterium Hafnia alvei secretes l-methioninase enzyme: Optimization of the enzyme secretion conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1222-1227. [PMID: 32346328 PMCID: PMC7182987 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
I isolated bacteria from blue cheese in order to find bacterial strains secreting l-methioninase enzyme, and optimized the conditions for the most efficient enzyme secretion. The efficient isolate, identified according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, was Hafnia alvei belonging to Enterobacteriaceae. I confirmed that the H. alvei strain harbored the methionase gene, mdeA (1194 bp). The environmental (pH, temperature) and nutritional (carbon and nitrogen sources and Mg concentration) factors influencing the l-methioninase production of H. alvei were optimized. The highest yield of l-methioninase enzyme was reached after 48 h of incubation when the acidity of the growing medium was adjusted to pH 7.5 and the temperature was 35 °C. The following concentrations of the supplements increased the l-methioninase yield in the medium: galactose (2.0 g L-1), MgSO4 (0.25 g L-1), l-methionine as an inducer (2.0 g L-1), and l-asparagine as an additional N source (1.5 g L-1). I introduce a bacterial strain of H. alvei that is previously unreported to secrete l-methioninase enzyme and show that a carbon source is a mandatory supplement whereas l-methionine is not a mandatory supplement for l-methioninase enzyme production of H. alvei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa A. Alshehri
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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