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Khan MN, Bashir S, Imran M. Probiotic characterization of Bacillus species strains isolated from an artisanal fermented milk product Dahi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:757-769. [PMID: 37055653 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dahi, an artisanal fermented milk product, widely consumed in Pakistan, is microbiologically diverse, and many bacterial communities await investigation. The current study is first to present probiotic assessment of Bacillus species strains isolated from dahi. Based on 49 identified strains assessed, only 6 strains, i.e., Bacillus licheniformis QAUBL19, QAUBL1901, and QAUBL1902; Bacillus mycoides QAUBM19 and QAUBM1901; and Bacillus subtilis QAUBSS1 were having prominent persistence in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids, being non-hemolytic, with no DNase activity. Probiotic characteristics, cholesterol-assimilating, and carbohydrate-fermenting capabilities were assessed for all the strains. These six strains each showed variant cholesterol assimilating abilities. B. licheniformis QAUBL19 retaining most desired probiotic traits presented both notable cholesterol assimilating and bile salt hydrolase activities. It can be used as a probiotic of choice with hypocholesterolemia ability. B. subtilis QAUBSS1 showed wide carbohydrate fermentation ability and strongest antibacterial potential. It is likely to be considered a probiotic for living beings and starter culture for fermentation of food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Gen-Jiménez A, Flores-Félix JD, Rincón-Molina CI, Manzano-Gomez LA, Rogel MA, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM, Rincón-Molina FA, Rincón-Rosales R. Enhance of tomato production and induction of changes on the organic profile mediated by Rhizobium biofortification. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1235930. [PMID: 37601341 PMCID: PMC10433389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extensive use of chemical fertilizers has served as a response to the increasing need for crop production in recent decades. While it addresses the demand for food, it has resulted in a decline in crop productivity and a heightened negative environmental impact. In contrast, plant probiotic bacteria (PPB) offer a promising alternative to mitigate the negative consequences of chemical fertilizers. PPB can enhance nutrient availability, promote plant growth, and improve nutrient uptake efficiency, thereby reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the impact of native Rhizobium strains, specifically Rhizobium calliandrae LBP2-1, Rhizobium mayense NSJP1-1, and Rhizobium jaguaris SJP1- 2, on the growth, quality, and rhizobacterial community of tomato crops. Various mechanisms promoting plant growth were investigated, including phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, indole acetic acid synthesis, and cellulose and cellulase production. Additionally, the study involved the assessment of biofilm formation and root colonization by GFP-tagged strains, conducted a microcosm experiment, and analyzed the microbial community using metagenomics of rhizospheric soil. Results The results showed that the rhizobial strains LBP2-1, NSJP1-1 and SJP1-2 had the ability to solubilize dicalcium phosphate, produce siderophores, synthesize indole acetic acid, cellulose production, biofilm production, and root colonization. Inoculation of tomato plants with native Rhizobium strains influenced growth, fruit quality, and plant microbiome composition. Metagenomic analysis showed increased Proteobacteria abundance and altered alpha diversity indices, indicating changes in rhizospheric bacterial community. Discussion Our findings demonstrate the potential that native Rhizobium strains have to be used as a plant probiotic in agricultural crops for the generation of safe food and high nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gen-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Clara Ivette Rincón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Manzano-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, 3R Biotec SA de CV, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Rogel
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Francisco Alexander Rincón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Reiner Rincón-Rosales
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
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Ramos-Garza J, Aguirre-Noyola JL, Bustamante-Brito R, Zelaya-Molina LX, Maldonado-Hernández J, Morales-Estrada AI, Resendiz-Venado Z, Palacios-Olvera J, Angeles-Gallegos T, Terreros-Moysen P, Cortés-Carvajal M, Martínez-Romero E. Mycobiota of Mexican Maize Landraces with Auxin-Producing Yeasts That Improve Plant Growth and Root Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1328. [PMID: 36987016 PMCID: PMC10058334 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Compared to agrochemicals, bioinoculants based on plant microbiomes are a sustainable option for increasing crop yields and soil fertility. From the Mexican maize landrace "Raza cónico" (red and blue varieties), we identified yeasts and evaluated in vitro their ability to promote plant growth. Auxin production was detected from yeast isolates and confirmed using Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Inoculation tests were performed on maize, and morphological parameters were measured. Eighty-seven yeast strains were obtained (50 from blue corn and 37 from red corn). These were associated with three families of Ascomycota (Dothideaceae, Debaryomycetaceae, and Metschnikowiaceae) and five families of Basidiomycota (Sporidiobolaceae, Filobasidiaceae, Piskurozymaceae, Tremellaceae, and Rhynchogastremataceae), and, in turn, distributed in 10 genera (Clavispora, Rhodotorula, Papiliotrema, Candida, Suhomyces, Soliccocozyma, Saitozyma Holtermaniella, Naganishia, and Aeurobasidium). We identified strains that solubilized phosphate and produced siderophores, proteases, pectinases, and cellulases but did not produce amylases. Solicoccozyma sp. RY31, C. lusitaniae Y11, R. glutinis Y23, and Naganishia sp. Y52 produced auxins from L-Trp (11.9-52 µg/mL) and root exudates (1.3-22.5 µg/mL). Furthermore, they stimulated the root development of A. thaliana. Inoculation of auxin-producing yeasts caused a 1.5-fold increase in maize plant height, fresh weight, and root length compared to uninoculated controls. Overall, maize landraces harbor plant growth-promoting yeasts and have the potential for use as agricultural biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramos-Garza
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Aguirre-Noyola
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bustamante-Brito
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lily X. Zelaya-Molina
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jessica Maldonado-Hernández
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aurea Itzel Morales-Estrada
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Zoe Resendiz-Venado
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Palacios-Olvera
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Thania Angeles-Gallegos
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paola Terreros-Moysen
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel Cortés-Carvajal
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
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Diversity of Cellulolytic Microorganisms Associated with the Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes grassei. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030294. [PMID: 36983462 PMCID: PMC10051133 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulitermes grassei is a subterranean termite species that forages on woody structures of the Iberian Peninsula, and is often a building and crops pest. A total of 23 microorganisms associated with the activity of R. grassei were isolated from colonized ecosystems in southern Spain. They were morphologically and molecularly characterized, with fungi being the most prevalent ones. The fungi showed high values of optimum growth temperature, suggesting that they could be able to survive and develop in warm regions. Their cellulolytic activity was tested in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar, concluding that all fungal isolates produce cellulases, and the enzymatic index (EI) was revealed in CMC agar with Gram’s iodine solution, with Penicillium citrinum showing the highest EI and Trichoderma longibrachiatum the highest mycelial growth rate on CMC. A preliminary microorganism dispersion assay was carried out with the termites, concluding that these insects may have a positive influence on fungal dispersion and the subsequent colonization of new substrates. Our study suggests that fungi associated with R. grassei may potentially be of interest in biotechnological fields such as biofuel production and the food industry.
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Krawczyk K, Szabelska-Beręsewicz A, Przemieniecki SW, Szymańczyk M, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. Insect Gut Bacteria Promoting the Growth of Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13548. [PMID: 36362334 PMCID: PMC9657159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated gut bacteria from three insect species for the presence of plant growth properties (PGP). Out of 146 bacterial strains obtained from 20 adult specimens of Scolytidae sp., 50 specimens of Oulema melanopus, and 150 specimens of Diabrotica virgifera, we selected 11 strains displaying the following: PGP, phosphate solubility, production of cellulase, siderophore, lipase, protease, and hydrogen cyanide. The strains were tested for growth promotion ability on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Each strain was tested individually, and all strains were tested together as a bacterial consortium. Tomato fruit yield was compared with the negative control. The plants treated with bacterial consortium showed a significant increase in fruit yield, in both number of fruits (+41%) and weight of fruits (+44%). The second highest yield was obtained for treatment with Serratia liquefaciens Dv032 strain, where the number and weight of yielded fruits increased by 35% and 30%, respectively. All selected 11 strains were obtained from Western Corn Rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera. The consortium comprised: Ewingella americana, Lactococcus garvieae, L. lactis, Pseudomonas putida, Serratia liquefaciens, and S. plymuthica. To our knowledge, this is the first successful application of D. virgifera gut bacteria for tomato plant growth stimulation that has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Virusology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Szabelska-Beręsewicz
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego St, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szymańczyk
- Department of Breeding and Agriculture Technology for Fibrous and Energy Plants, Wojska Polskiego 70B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, 20 Węgorka St, 60-318 Poznan, Poland
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Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Consortia as a Strategy to Alleviate Drought Stress in Spinacia oleracea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091798. [PMID: 36144400 PMCID: PMC9501077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting soil fertility and plant health, and due to climate change, it is destined to increase even further, becoming a serious threat to crop production. An efficient, eco-friendly alternative is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which can promote plant fitness through direct and indirect approaches, protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aims to identify bacterial consortia to promote Spinacia oleracea L. cv Matador’s seed germination and protect its seedlings from drought stress. Eight PGPB strains belonging to the Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas genera, previously characterized in physiological conditions, were analyzed under water-shortage conditions, and a germination bioassay was carried out by biopriming S. oleracea seeds with either individual strains or consortia. The consortia of B. amyloliquefaciens RHF6, B. amyloliquefaciens LMG9814, and B. sp. AGS84 displayed the capacity to positively affect seed germination and seedlings’ radical development in both standard and drought conditions, ameliorating the plants’ growth rate compared to the untreated ones. These results sustain using PGPB consortia as a valid ameliorating water stress strategy in the agro-industrial field.
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de Oliveira TS, de Oliveira BFR, de Andrade FCC, Guimarães CR, de Godoy MG, Laport MS. Homoscleromorpha-derived Bacillus spp. as potential sources of biotechnologically-relevant hydrolases and biosurfactants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:169. [PMID: 35882683 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite hydrolytic exoenzymes and biosurfactants having been gradually reported from the poriferan microbiome, little is known about these bioproducts in microorganisms inhabiting Homoscleromorpha sponges. Here, we investigated the production of hydrolases and biosurfactants in bacteria isolated from three shallow-water homoscleromorph species, Oscarella sp., Plakina cyanorosea, and Plakina cabofriense. A total of 99 of 107 sponge-associated bacterial isolates exhibited activity for at least one of the analyzed hydrolases. Following fermentation in Luria-Bertani (LB) and Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), two isolates, 80BH11 and 80B1:1010b, showed higher lipase and peptidase activities. Both of them belonged to the Bacillus genus and were isolated from Oscarella. Central composite design leveraged up the peptidase activity in 280% by Bacillus sp. 80BH11 in the TSB medium for 48 h at 30 °C. The optimized model also revealed that pH 6.5 and 45 °C were the best conditions for peptidase reaction. In addition, Bacillus sp. 80BH11 was able to release highly emulsifying and remarkably stable surfactants in the LB medium. Surfactin was finally elucidated as the biosurfactant generated by this sponge-derived Bacillus. In conclusion, we hope to have set the scenery for further prospecting of industrial enzymes and biosurfactants in Homoscleromorpha microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Silva de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Melo, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Flavia Costa Carvalho de Andrade
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carolina Reis Guimarães
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gomes de Godoy
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marinella Silva Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Zelaya-Molina LX, Sanchez-Lima AD, Arteaga-Garibay RI, Bustamante-Brito R, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Martínez-Romero E, Ramos-Garza J. Functional characterization of culturable fungi from microbiomes of the "conical cobs" Mexican maize (Zea mays L.) landrace. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:57. [PMID: 34939131 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mexican maize landraces, produced for local consumption, are adapted to different environmental conditions, and their yield is affected by abiotic and biotic factors, including the use of agrochemicals. The search for sustainable alternatives to agrochemicals includes the study of the culturable microbial communities. In this study, the fungal communities associated with 2 Mexican maize landraces reddish and bluish "conical cobs" were found to be comprised of Ascomycota fungi, represented by 89 strains within 6 orders (Pleosporales, Hypocreales, Onygenales, Capnodiales, Helotiales, and Eurotiales) and 16 genera. Cellulases and metallophores production were the primary enzymatic products and plant growth-promoting activities were detected among the isolates. Penicillium, Didymella, and Fusarium strains had the most active enzymatic and plant growth promoting activities, however, Aspergillus sp. HES2-2.2, Talaromyces sp. RS1-7, and Penicillium sp. HFS3-3 showed antagonistic activity against the four phytopathogenic Fusarium strains Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sambucinum, Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti and also a high and diverse production of enzymatic and plant growth promoting activities; here we identified fungal strains as candidates to promote maize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily X Zelaya-Molina
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandra D Sanchez-Lima
- Laboratorio de Microbiología 314, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Chapultepec. Observatorio No. 400, C.P. 11810, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ramón I Arteaga-Garibay
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Rafael Bustamante-Brito
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad S/N, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María S Vásquez-Murrieta
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio Y Plan de Ayala S/N, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad S/N, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Juan Ramos-Garza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología 314, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Chapultepec. Observatorio No. 400, C.P. 11810, Ciudad de México, México. .,Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México.
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Makowski K, Leszczewicz M, Broncel N, Lipińska-Zubrycka L, Głębski A, Komorowski P, Walkowiak B. Isolation, Biochemical Characterisation and Identification of Thermotolerant and Cellulolytic Paenibacillus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:325-336. [PMID: 34759764 PMCID: PMC8542176 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.03.21.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Cellulose is an ingredient of waste materials that can be converted to other valuable substances. This is possible provided that the polymer molecule is degraded to smaller particles and used as a carbon source by microorganisms. Because of the frequently applied methods of pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, the cellulases derived from thermophilic microorganisms are particularly desirable. Experimental approach We were looking for cellulolytic microorganisms able to grow at 50 °C and we described their morphological features and biochemical characteristics based on carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity and the API® ZYM system. The growth curves during incubation at 50 °C were examined using the BioLector® microbioreactor. Results and conclusions Forty bacterial strains were isolated from fermenting hay, geothermal karst spring, hot spring and geothermal pond at 50 °C. The vast majority of the bacteria were Gram-positive and rod-shaped with the maximum growth temperature of at least 50 °C. We also demonstrated a large diversity of biochemical characteristics among the microorganisms. The CMCase activity was confirmed in 27 strains. Hydrolysis capacities were significant in bacterial strains: BBLN1, BSO6, BSO10, BSO13 and BSO14, and reached 2.74, 1.62, 1.30, 1.38 and 8.02 respectively. Rapid and stable growth was observed, among others, for BBLN1, BSO10, BSO13 and BSO14. The strains fulfilled the selection conditions and were identified based on the 16S rDNA sequences. BBLN1, BSO10, BSO13 were classified as Bacillus licheniformis, whereas BSO14 as Paenibacillus lactis. Novelty and scientific contribution We described cellulolytic activity and biochemical characteristics of many bacteria isolated from hot environments. We are also the first to report the cellulolytic activity of thermotolerant P. lactis. Described strains can be a source of new thermostable cellulases, which are extremely desirable in various branches of circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Makowski
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland.,Biotechnika, Tymienieckiego 25, 90-350 Lodz, Poland
| | - Martyna Leszczewicz
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Broncel
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Lipińska-Zubrycka
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Głębski
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Komorowski
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Genome information of the cellulolytic soil actinobacterium Isoptericola dokdonensis DS-3 and comparative genomic analysis of the genus Isoptericola. J Microbiol 2021; 59:1010-1018. [PMID: 34724179 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The actinobacterial group is regarded as a reservoir of biologically active natural products and hydrolytic enzymes with the potential for biomedical and industrial applications. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Isoptericola dokdonensis DS-3 isolated from soil in Dokdo, small islets in the East Sea of Korea. This actinomycete harbors a large number of genes encoding carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, and its activity to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose into glucose was experimentally evaluated. Since the genus Isoptericola was proposed after reclassification based on phylogenetic analysis, strains of Isoptericola have been continuously isolated from diverse environments and the importance of this genus in the ecosystem has been suggested by recent culturomic or metagenomic studies. The phylogenic relationships of the genus tended to be closer among strains that had been isolated from similar habitats. By analyzing the properties of published genome sequences of seven defined species in the genus, a large number of genes for carbohydrate hydrolysis and utilization, as well as several biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, were identified. Genomic information of I. dokdonensis DS-3 together with comparative analysis of the genomes of Isoptericola provides insights into understanding this actinobacterial group with a potential for industrial applications.
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11
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Can-Herrera LA, Gutierrez-Canul CD, Dzul-Cervantes MAA, Pacheco-Salazar OF, Chi-Cortez JD, Carbonell LS. Identification by molecular techniques of halophilic bacteria producing important enzymes from pristine area in Campeche, Mexico. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246038. [PMID: 34495150 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isla Arena is located in the coordinate 20° 70´ N - 90° 45´ W, from Campeche, Mexico. In these estuaries, the ocean mixes with fresh water, and ecosystems are concentrated where petenes and pink flamingos proliferate. Crustaceans and mollusks abound in the sea. Despite its enormous marine wealth, there are no studies carried out on which halophilic microorganisms are present in these waters. In this work, the diversity and structure of the microbial community was investigated through a metagenomics approach and corroborated for sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. It was found that the phylum Fimicutes predominates with more than 50%, in almost the same proportion of the class Bacilli and with almost 41% of relative abundance of the order Bacillales. The sequencing results showed that one of the samples presented a high percentage of similarity (99.75%) using the Nucleotide BLAST program with a peculiar microorganism: Bacillus subtilis. This microorganism is one of the best characterized bacteria among the gram-positive ones. Our results demonstrate that B. subtilis can be an efficient source of proteases, lipases and cellulases, from halophilic microbial communities located in poorly explored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Can-Herrera
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní en el Estado de Campeche - ITESCAM, Calkiní, Campeche, México
| | - C D Gutierrez-Canul
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní en el Estado de Campeche - ITESCAM, Calkiní, Campeche, México
| | - M A A Dzul-Cervantes
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní en el Estado de Campeche - ITESCAM, Calkiní, Campeche, México
| | - O F Pacheco-Salazar
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní en el Estado de Campeche - ITESCAM, Calkiní, Campeche, México
| | - J D Chi-Cortez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán - CICY, Unidad de Ciencias Biológicas, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - L Saenz Carbonell
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán - CICY, Unidad de Ciencias Biológicas, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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12
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Oszust K, Pylak M, Frąc M. Trichoderma-Based Biopreparation with Prebiotics Supplementation for the Naturalization of Raspberry Plant Rhizosphere. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126356. [PMID: 34198606 PMCID: PMC8232080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of raspberry plants dying from a sudden outbreak of gray mold, verticillium wilt, anthracnosis, and phytophthora infection has increased in recent times, leading to crop failure. The plants suffer tissue collapse and black roots, symptoms similar to a Botrytis-Verticillium-Colletotrichum-Phytophthora disease complex. A sizeable number of fungal isolates were acquired from the root and rhizosphere samples of wild raspberries from different locations. Subsequent in vitro tests revealed that a core consortium of 11 isolates of selected Trichoderma spp. was the most essential element for reducing in phytopathogen expansion. For this purpose, isolates were characterized by the efficiency of their antagonistic properties against Botrytis, Verticillium, Colletotrichum and Phytophthora isolates and with hydrolytic properties accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the soil and thus making nutrients available to plants. Prebiotic additive supplementation with a mixture of adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, and adenosine was proven in a laboratory experiment to be efficient in stimulating the growth of Trichoderma isolates. Through an in vivo pathosystem experiment, different raspberry naturalization-protection strategies (root inoculations and watering with native Trichoderma isolates, applied separately or simultaneously) were tested under controlled phytotron conditions. The experimental application of phytopathogens attenuated raspberry plant and soil properties, while Trichoderma consortium incorporation exhibited a certain trend of improving these features in terms of a short-term response, depending on the pathosystem and naturalization strategy. What is more, a laboratory-scale development of a biopreparation for the naturalization of the raspberry rhizosphere based on the Trichoderma consortium was proposed in the context of two application scenarios. The first was a ready-to-use formulation to be introduced while planting (pellets, gel). The second was a variant to be applied with naturalizing watering (soluble powder).
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13
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Dąbrowska GB, Janczak K, Richert A. Combined use of Bacillus strains and Miscanthus for accelerating biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10957. [PMID: 33850642 PMCID: PMC8018249 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of Bacillus strains and of miscanthus influence biodegradation and formed of biofilm of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Methods The experiment conducted in compost soil showed that strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus isolated from heavy metal contaminated environment have biochemical activity and accelerate biodegradation of both plastic materials. Results For PLA film it was found that the carbonyl index dropped by over 15% in the presence of B. subtilis, while the film tensile strength decreased by 35% and the oxygen to carbon O/C ratio was higher by 3% in the presence of B. cereus, and the presence of miscanthus resulted in a loss of weight. For PET film, a decrease in the carbonyl index by 16% was observed following inoculation with B. cereus. The metabolic activity of this strain contributed to the reduction of the film’s tensile strength by 17% and to the increase in the permeability to O2 and CO2. The most intense degradation of PET film was observed in the presence of bacteria and plants. B. subtilis strain combined with miscanthus plantings may be a promising method for accelerating PLA and PET degradation in compost soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna B Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janczak
- Research Network Łukasiewicz, Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Research Network Łukasiewicz, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland
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14
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Plant Growth Promotion Function of Bacillus sp. Strains Isolated from Salt-Pan Rhizosphere and Their Biocontrol Potential against Macrophomina phaseolina. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073324. [PMID: 33805133 PMCID: PMC8036593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, intensive crop management has involved excessive use of pesticides or fertilizers, compromising environmental integrity and public health. Accordingly, there has been worldwide pressure to find an eco-friendly and safe strategy to ensure agricultural productivity. Among alternative approaches, Plant Growth-Promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria are receiving increasing attention as suitable biocontrol agents against agricultural pests. In the present study, 22 spore-forming bacteria were selected among a salt-pan rhizobacteria collection for their PGP traits and their antagonistic activity against the plant pathogen fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on the higher antifungal activity, strain RHFS10, identified as Bacillus vallismortis, was further examined and cell-free supernatant assays, column purification, and tandem mass spectrometry were employed to purify and preliminarily identify the antifungal metabolites. Interestingly, the minimum inhibitory concentration assessed for the fractions active against M. phaseolina was 10 times lower and more stable than the one estimated for the commercial fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene. These results suggest the use of B. vallismortis strain RHFS10 as a potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as an alternative to chemical pesticides to efficiently control the phytopathogenic fungus M. phaseolina.
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15
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Ideal Feedstock and Fermentation Process Improvements for the Production of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of lignocellulosic biomass in energy production for biofuels and other value-added products can extensively decrease the carbon footprint of current and future energy sectors. However, the infrastructure in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass is not well-established as compared to the fossil fuel industry. One of the bottlenecks is the production of the lignocellulolytic enzymes. These enzymes are produced by different fungal and bacterial species for degradation of the lignocellulosic biomass into its reactive fibers, which can then be converted to biofuel. The selection of an ideal feedstock for the lignocellulolytic enzyme production is one of the most studied aspects of lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Similarly, the fermentation enhancement strategies for different fermentation variables and modes are also the focuses of researchers. The implementation of fermentation enhancement strategies such as optimization of culture parameters (pH, temperature, agitation, incubation time, etc.) and the media nutrient amendment can increase the lignocellulolytic enzyme production significantly. Therefore, this review paper summarized these strategies and feedstock characteristics required for hydrolytic enzyme production with a special focus on the characteristics of an ideal feedstock to be utilized for the production of such enzymes on industrial scales.
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16
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Barbosa KL, Malta VRDS, Machado SS, Leal Junior GA, da Silva APV, Almeida RMRG, da Luz JMR. Bacterial cellulase from the intestinal tract of the sugarcane borer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:441-448. [PMID: 32526296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzymes have wide use in several industrial segments (e.g. biofuels, pulp and paper, food, and cosmetics). However, one of the challenges is their large-scale production with high specific activity to eliminate the dependence of the purchase of enzymatic cocktails produced by commercial parties. The aims of this study were (1) isolation, selection, and partial characterization of bacterial cellulases present in the intestinal tract of the sugarcane borer and (2) to identify cellulase-producing bacteria by analyzing the 16S rDNA gene. Cellulase production and purification assays resulted in similar electrophoretic profiles between four bacterial strains. These strains were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella sp., and Bacillus sp. K. pneumoniae was the main cellulase-producing microorganism. Our results show the possibility of finding cellulolytic microorganisms that inhabit the gut of herbivorous animals, especially those that are predators of important crops of economic value. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae cellulase is of medical importance. In hospitals, health professionals, hospital technicians, patients and visitors wear clothes containing cellulose. Thus, K. pneumoniae within hospitals can contaminate these clothes and be spread to the environment. In that case, it would be important for the hospital's chemical sterilization products to have at least one cellulase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kledson Lopes Barbosa
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Maceió, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | | | - Sonia Salgueiro Machado
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Maceió, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jose Maria Rodrigues da Luz
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Postgraduate Multicenter Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Maceió, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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17
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Kumari P, Sayas T, Bucki P, Brown-Miyara S, Kleiman M. Real-Time Visualization of Cellulase Activity by Microorganisms on Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186593. [PMID: 32916923 PMCID: PMC7555966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of methods to detect cellulase secretion by microorganisms has been developed over the years, none of which enables the real-time visualization of cellulase activity on a surface. This visualization is critical to study the interaction between soil-borne cellulase-secreting microorganisms and the surface of plant roots and specifically, the effect of surface features on this interaction. Here, we modified the known carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) hydrolysis visualization method to enable the real-time tracking of cellulase activity of microorganisms on a surface. A surface was formed using pure CMC with acridine orange dye incorporated in it. The dye disassociated from the film when hydrolysis occurred, forming a halo surrounding the point of hydrolysis. This enabled real-time visualization, since the common need for post hydrolysis dyeing was negated. Using root-knot nematode (RKN) as a model organism that penetrates plant roots, we showed that it was possible to follow microorganism cellulase secretion on the surface. Furthermore, the addition of natural additives was also shown to be an option and resulted in an increased RKN response. This method will be implemented in the future, investigating different microorganisms on a root surface microstructure replica, which can open a new avenue of research in the field of plant root-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kumari
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tali Sayas
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Patricia Bucki
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (P.B.); (S.B.-M.)
| | - Sigal Brown-Miyara
- Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (P.B.); (S.B.-M.)
| | - Maya Kleiman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; (P.K.); (T.S.)
- Agro-NanoTechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Agricultural Research Organization (Volcani Center), Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence:
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18
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Nawaz F, Khan MN, Javed A, Ahmed I, Ali N, Ali MI, Bakhtiar SM, Imran M. Genomic and Functional Characterization of Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808, Isolated From Artisanal Fermented Milk Product Dahi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 30972030 PMCID: PMC6443856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial strains with a unique combination of technological and bioactive properties are preferred for industrial applications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808 (NCBI Accession Number: LSMC00000000) in milk fermentation. This strain was isolated from Dahi, an indigenous fermented milk product of South-East Asia. The in vitro study confirmed the acidification ability as well as the proteolytic, cellulolytic, and amylolytic enzyme activities of this strain. It also produced a substantial amount of the folate in laboratory media and no physiological dysfunctions in laboratory animals was observed in feeding trials. All these properties were confirmed by in silico genome analysis. The Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808 genome consisted of a single, circular chromosome comprising 2,957,300-bp, 2,587 genes with GC content of 38.5%. Moreover, 16t RNAs, 1, 3 (16S, 23S) rRNAs, 4 ncRNAs, and 91 pseudo genes were also predicted. The majority of genome encode genes for protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, cell wall DNA and RNA metabolisms including all genes required for conversion of lactose to lactic acid. It also exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 10536, S. aureus ATCC 6538, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and was found to be sensitive to commonly used antibiotics. The in silico analysis revealed the presence of genes for mundaticin and enterocin production, and CRISPER regions, however, the genes for antibiotic resistance were absent. No genes related to the pathogenicity island and prophages were detected by genome mining. Therefore, it could be inferened that Enterococcus mundtii QAUEM2808 has the potential to be used in milk fermentation as adjunct culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqib Javed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Mariam Bakhtiar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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19
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Hebbale D, Bhargavi R, Ramachandra T. Saccharification of macroalgal polysaccharides through prioritized cellulase producing bacteria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01372. [PMID: 30957049 PMCID: PMC6431756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgal cell wall is predominantly comprised of cellulose (polysaccharide) with the complex chain of glycosidic linkages. Bioethanol production from macroalgae entails breaking this complex chain into simple glucose molecule, which has been the major challenge faced by the industries. Cellulases have been preferred for hydrolysis of cellulose due to the absence of inhibitors affecting the subsequent fermentation process. Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from wide-ranging sources from marine habitats to herbivore residues and gastrointestinal region. The investigation reveals that Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria has higher hydrolytic capacity with salt tolerance up to 14% and 3.5% salinity is optimum for growth. Higher hydrolytic activity of 2.45 was recorded on carboxymethyl cellulose medium at 48 h and hydrolytic activity of 2.46 on Ulva intestinalis hydrolysate, 3.06 on Ulva lactuca hydrolysate at 72 h of incubation. Total activity of enzyme of 2.11 U/ml and specific activity of 6.05 U/mg were recorded at 24 h. Enzyme hydrolysis of macroalgal biomass; U. intestinalis and U. lactuca produced 135.9 mg/g and 107.6 mg/g of reducing sugar respectively. The study reveals that the enzyme extracted from salt tolerant Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria is suitable for optimal saccharification of seaweed polysaccharides towards biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Hebbale
- Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - R. Bhargavi
- Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - T.V. Ramachandra
- Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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Ashok A, Doriya K, Rao JV, Qureshi A, Tiwari AK, Kumar DS. Microbes Producing L-Asparaginase free of Glutaminase and Urease isolated from Extreme Locations of Antarctic Soil and Moss. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1423. [PMID: 30723240 PMCID: PMC6363723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-asparagine aminohydrolase, E.C. 3.5.1.1) has been proven to be competent in treating Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), which is widely observed in paediatric and adult groups. Currently, clinical L-Asparaginase formulations are derived from bacterial sources such as Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. These formulations when administered to ALL patients lead to several immunological and hypersensitive reactions. Hence, additional purification steps are required to remove toxicity induced by the amalgamation of other enzymes like glutaminase and urease. Production of L-Asparaginase that is free of glutaminase and urease is a major area of research. In this paper, we report the screening and isolation of fungal species collected from the soil and mosses in the Schirmacher Hills, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, that produce L-Asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease. A total of 55 isolates were obtained from 33 environmental samples that were tested by conventional plate techniques using Phenol red and Bromothymol blue as indicators. Among the isolated fungi, 30 isolates showed L-Asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease. The L-Asparaginase producing strain Trichosporon asahii IBBLA1, which showed the highest zone index, was then optimized with a Taguchi design. Optimum enzyme activity of 20.57 U mL-1 was obtained at a temperature of 30 °C and pH of 7.0 after 60 hours. Our work suggests that isolation of fungi from extreme environments such as Antarctica may lead to an important advancement in therapeutic applications with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ashok
- Industrial Bioprocess and Bioprospecting Laboratory (IBBL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana State, 502285, India
| | - Kruthi Doriya
- Industrial Bioprocess and Bioprospecting Laboratory (IBBL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana State, 502285, India
| | - Jyothi Vithal Rao
- Industrial Bioprocess and Bioprospecting Laboratory (IBBL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana State, 502285, India
| | - Asif Qureshi
- Emerging Contaminants Group (ECG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana State, 502285, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Tiwari
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India
| | - Devarai Santhosh Kumar
- Industrial Bioprocess and Bioprospecting Laboratory (IBBL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana State, 502285, India.
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21
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Ni M, Wu Q, Wang HL, Liu WC, Hu B, Zhang DP, Zhao J, Liu DW, Lu CG. Identification of a novel strain, Streptomyces blastmyceticus JZB130180, and evaluation of its biocontrol efficacy against Monilinia fructicola. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:84-94. [PMID: 30614232 PMCID: PMC6331331 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peach brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is one of the most serious peach diseases. A strain belonging to the Actinomycetales, named Streptomyces blastmyceticus JZB130180, was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on M. fructicola in confrontation culture. Following the inoculation of peaches in vitro, it was revealed that the fermentation broth of S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 had a significant inhibitory effect on disease development by M. fructicola. The fermentation broth of S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 had an EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of 38.3 µg/mL against M. fructicola, as determined in an indoor toxicity test. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the fermentation broth revealed that it was tolerant of acid and alkaline conditions, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation. In addition, chitinase, cellulase, and protease were also found to be secreted by the strain. The results of this study suggest that S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 may be used for the biocontrol of peach brown rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ni
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hong-li Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei-cheng Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dian-peng Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - De-wen Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Cai-ge Lu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Koevenig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816
| | - Edwin H. Liu
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, South Carolina 29801
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MARECIK ROMAN, BŁASZCZYK LIDIA, BIEGAŃSKA-MARECIK RÓŻA, PIOTROWSKA-CYPLIK AGNIESZKA. Screening and Identification of Trichoderma Strains Isolated from Natural Habitats with Potential to Cellulose and Xylan Degrading Enzymes Production. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 67:181-190. [PMID: 30015456 PMCID: PMC7256729 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 123 Trichoderma strains were isolated from different habitats and tested for their ability to degrade cellulose and xylan by simple plate screening method. Among strains, more than 34 and 45% respectively, exhibited higher cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity, compared to the reference strain T. reesei QM 9414. For strains efficiently degrading cellulose, a highest enzyme activity was confirmed using filter paper test, and it resulted in a range from 1.01 to 7.15 FPU/ml. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the isolates were identified as Trichoderma. The most frequently identified strains belonged to Trichoderma harzianum species. Among all strains, the most effective in degradation of cellulose and xylose was T. harzianum and T. virens, especially those isolated from forest wood, forest soil or garden and mushroom compost. The results of this work confirmed that numerous strains from the Trichoderma species have high cellulose and xylan degradation potential and could be useful for lignocellulose biomass conversion e.g. for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- ROMAN MARECIK
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - LIDIA BŁASZCZYK
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - RÓŻA BIEGAŃSKA-MARECIK
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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24
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López JL, Alvarez F, Príncipe A, Salas ME, Lozano MJ, Draghi WO, Jofré E, Lagares A. Isolation, taxonomic analysis, and phenotypic characterization of bacterial endophytes present in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seeds. J Biotechnol 2018; 267:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Keshavarz-Tohid V, Taheri P, Muller D, Prigent-Combaret C, Vacheron J, Taghavi SM, Tarighi S, Moënne-Loccoz Y. Phylogenetic diversity and antagonistic traits of root and rhizosphere pseudomonads of bean from Iran for controlling Rhizoctonia solani. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:760-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Zhang Y, Shi C, Wang C, Lu Z, Wang F, Feng J, Wang Y. Effect of soybean meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis BS12 on growth performance and small intestinal immune status of piglets. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1360258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture (East China), Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Isolation of a Cellulolytic Bacterium from the Lonar Soda Lake and Genomic Analysis of it. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Behera B, Sethi B, Mishra R, Dutta S, Thatoi H. Microbial cellulases - Diversity & biotechnology with reference to mangrove environment: A review. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 15:197-210. [PMID: 30647656 PMCID: PMC6296582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is an abundant natural biopolymer on earth, found as a major constituent of plant cell wall in lignocellulosic form. Unlike other compounds cellulose is not easily soluble in water hence enzymatic conversion of cellulose has become a key technology for biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials. Microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes produce cellulase that degrade cellulose by hydrolysing the β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages of cellulose. In contrast to aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria lack the ability to effectively penetrate into the cellulosic material which leads to the development of complexed cellulase systems called cellulosome. Among the different environments, the sediments of mangrove forests are suitable for exploring cellulose degrading microorganisms because of continuous input of cellulosic carbon in the form of litter which then acts as a substrate for decomposition by microbe. Understanding the importance of cellulase, the present article overviews the diversity of cellulolytic microbes from different mangrove environments around the world. The molecular mechanism related to cellulase gene regulation, expression and various biotechnological application of cellulase is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.C. Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - B.K. Sethi
- Department of Biotechnology, MITS School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - R.R. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, MITS School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - S.K. Dutta
- Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - H.N. Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
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Vida C, Cazorla FM, de Vicente A. Characterization of biocontrol bacterial strains isolated from a suppressiveness-induced soil after amendment with composted almond shells. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:583-593. [PMID: 28373145 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The improvement in soil quality of avocado crops through organic amendments with composted almond shells has a positive effect on crop yield and plant health, and enhances soil suppressiveness against the phytopathogenic fungus Rosellinia necatrix. In previous studies, induced soil suppressiveness against this pathogen was related to stimulation of Gammaproteobacteria, especially some members of Pseudomonas spp. with biocontrol-related activities. In this work, we isolated bacteria from this suppressiveness-induced amended soil using a selective medium for Pseudomonas-like microorganisms. We characterized the obtained bacterial collection to aid in identification, including metabolic profiles, antagonistic responses, hybridization to biosynthetic genes of antifungal compounds, production of lytic exoenzymatic activities and plant growth-promotion-related traits, and sequenced and compared amplified 16S rDNA genes from representative bacteria. The final selection of representative strains mainly belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, but also included the genera Serratia and Stenotrophomonas. Their biocontrol-related activities were assayed using the experimental avocado model, and results showed that all selected strains protected the avocado roots against R. necatrix. This work confirmed the biocontrol activity of these Gammaproteobacteria-related members against R. necatrix following specific stimulation in a suppressiveness-induced soil after a composted almond shell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vida
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Cazorla
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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30
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Kim YS, Balaraju K, Jeon Y. Effects of rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC136 and >Bacillus subtilis APEC170 on biocontrol of postharvest pathogens of apple fruits. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:931-940. [PMID: 27921398 PMCID: PMC5172598 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against postharvest pathogens of apple fruits. In vitro bioassays revealed that, out of 30 isolates screened, isolates APEC136 and APEC170 had the most significant inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of several fungal pathogens. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences identified the two effective isolates as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The two strains showed greater growth in brain-heart infusion broth than in other growth media. Treatment of harvested apples with suspensions of either strain reduced the symptoms of anthracnose disease caused by two fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, and white rot disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Increased productions of amylase and protease by APEC136, and increased productions of chitinase, amylase, and protease by APEC170 might have been responsible for inhibiting mycelial growth. The isolates caused a greater reduction in the growth of white rot than of anthracnose. These results indicate that the isolates APEC136 and APEC170 are promising agents for the biocontrol of anthracnose and white rot diseases in apples after harvest, and suggest that these isolates may be useful in controlling these diseases under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong 36729, Korea
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31
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Kim YS, Balaraju K, Jeon Y. Biological Control of Apple Anthracnose by Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC128, an Antagonistic Rhizobacterium. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:251-9. [PMID: 27298600 PMCID: PMC4892821 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the suppression of the disease development of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in harvested apples using an antagonistic rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC128 (APEC128). Out of 30 bacterial isolates from apple rhizosphere screened for antagonistic activity, the most effective strain was APEC128 as inferred from the size of the inhibition zone. This strain showed a greater growth in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth compared to other growth media. There was a reduction in anthracnose symptoms caused by the two fungal pathogens in harvested apples after their treatment with APEC128 in comparison with non-treated control. This effect is explained by the increased production of protease and amylase by APEC128, which might have inhibited mycelial growth. In apples treated with different APEC128 suspensions, the disease caused by C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum was greatly suppressed (by 83.6% and 79%, respectively) in treatments with the concentration of 1 × 10(8) colony forming units (cfu)/ml compared to other lower dosages, suggesting that the suppression of anthracnose development on harvested apples is dose-dependent. These results indicated that APEC128 is one of the promising agents in the biocontrol of apple anthracnose, which might help to increase the shelf-life of apple fruit during the post-harvest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729,
Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729,
Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729,
Korea
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729,
Korea
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32
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Ghio S, Insani EM, Piccinni FE, Talia PM, Grasso DH, Campos E. GH10 XynA is the main xylanase identified in the crude enzymatic extract of Paenibacillus sp. A59 when grown on xylan or lignocellulosic biomass. Microbiol Res 2016; 186-187:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chutani P, Sharma KK. Concomitant production of xylanases and cellulases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum MDU-6 selected for the deinking of paper waste. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:747-58. [PMID: 26857368 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sixty fungal cultures were isolated from agricultural soil, industrial soil, forest canopy soil having decomposed leaf litter and compost samples collected from different regions of India. Fifteen fungal cultures were selected qualitatively for the production of xylanase and cellulases and were identified employing ITS, NS and MNS primers. The enzyme cocktail consisting of 3811 IU g(-1) of xylanase and 9.9 IU g(-1) of cellulase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum MDU-6 was selected quantitatively for the deinking of diverse paper wastes. The enzyme production increased two fold when produced at tray level in comparison with flasks. The enzyme cocktail was effective in the deinking of old newspaper samples with significant removal of chromophores, phenolics and hydrophobic compounds and less sugar loss. While in case of examination papers and laser printed papers, ink removal was not very significant. Moreover, the sugar loss was significantly high in case of examination papers. The deinking results were further confirmed with FTIR analysis. Deinked newspaper pulp sample shows brightness of 52%, which was 9.6% high than its control sample. The ERIC value for deinked newspaper pulp was found to be 655.9 ppm. Thereafter, the deinked newspaper pulp was examined under light microscope after differential staining with safranin and malachite green and also examined under scanning and transmission electron microscope, which revealed fibrillation and perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chutani
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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Budihal SR, Agsar D, Patil SR. Enhanced production and application of acidothermophilic Streptomyces cellulase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:706-712. [PMID: 26556405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient cellulolytic and acidothermophilic actinobacterium was isolated from soil, adhered to decomposing tree bark and was identified as Streptomyces DSK59. Screening of synthetic media and the media components identified that, a medium based on starch casein minerals containing carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and beef extract (BE) could support enhanced cellulase production by the organism. CMC, BE, NaCl, temperature and pH were accounted as significant for cellulase production and these were optimized using a response surface central composite design (CCD). Optimization of cellulase production resulted in an enhancement of endoglucanase activity to 27IUml(-1). Acidothermophillic Streptomyces cellulase was found to be efficient for hydrolysis of pretreated sorghum stover and liberated 0.413gg(-1) of total reducing sugars which was higher than previously reported sugar yields obtained using fungal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikumar R Budihal
- A-DBT Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi 585106, India
| | - Dayanand Agsar
- A-DBT Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi 585106, India.
| | - Sarvamangala R Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Vishweshwariah College of Applied Sciences, Kalaburagi 585103, India
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Ramos-Garza J, Bustamante-Brito R, Ángeles de Paz G, Medina-Canales MG, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Wang ET, Rodríguez-Tovar AV. Isolation and characterization of yeasts associated with plants growing in heavy-metal- and arsenic-contaminated soils. Can J Microbiol 2015; 62:307-19. [PMID: 26936448 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts were quantified and isolated from the rhizospheres of 5 plant species grown at 2 sites of a Mexican region contaminated with arsenic, lead, and other heavy metals. Yeast abundance was about 10(2) CFU/g of soil and 31 isolates were obtained. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of 26S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer fragment, 6 species were identified within the following 5 genera: Cryptococcus (80.64%), Rhodotorula (6.45%), Exophiala (6.45%), Trichosporon (3.22%), and Cystobasidium (3.22%). Cryptococcus spp. was the predominant group. Pectinases (51.6%), proteases (51.6%), and xylanases (41.9%) were the enzymes most common, while poor production of siderophores (16.1%) and indole acetic acid (9.67%) was detected. Isolates of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cystobasidium sloffiae could promote plant growth and seed germination in a bioassay using Brassica juncea. Resistance of isolates by arsenic and heavy metals was as follows: As(3+) ≥ 100 mmol/L, As(5+) ≥ 30 mmol/L, Zn(2+) ≥ 2 mmol/L, Pb(2+) ≥ 1.2 mmol/L, and Cu(2+) ≥ 0.5 mmol/L. Strains of Cryptococcus albidus were able to reduce arsenate (As(5+)) into arsenite (As(3+)), but no isolate was capable of oxidizing As(3+). This is the first study on the abundance and identification of rhizosphere yeasts in a heavy-metal- and arsenic-contaminated soil, and of the reduction of arsenate by the species C. albidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramos-Garza
- a Laboratorio de Micología General y Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.,b Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, ENCB, IPN, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bustamante-Brito
- a Laboratorio de Micología General y Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Ángeles de Paz
- c Laboratorio de Nematología Agrícola, Departamento de Parasitología, ENCB, IPN, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Gabriela Medina-Canales
- c Laboratorio de Nematología Agrícola, Departamento de Parasitología, ENCB, IPN, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - En Tao Wang
- b Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, ENCB, IPN, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aída Verónica Rodríguez-Tovar
- a Laboratorio de Micología General y Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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Prospection and Evaluation of (Hemi) Cellulolytic Enzymes Using Untreated and Pretreated Biomasses in Two Argentinean Native Termites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136573. [PMID: 26313257 PMCID: PMC4552170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharum officinarum bagasse (common name: sugarcane bagasse) and Pennisetum purpureum (also known as Napier grass) are among the most promising feedstocks for bioethanol production in Argentina and Brazil. In this study, both biomasses were assessed before and after acid pretreatment and following hydrolysis with Nasutitermes aquilinus and Cortaritermes fulviceps termite gut digestome. The chemical composition analysis of the biomasses after diluted acid pretreatment showed that the hemicellulose fraction was partially removed. The (hemi) cellulolytic activities were evaluated in bacterial culture supernatants of termite gut homogenates grown in treated and untreated biomasses. In all cases, we detected significantly higher endoglucanase and xylanase activities using pretreated biomasses compared to untreated biomasses, carboxymethylcellulose and xylan. Several protein bands with (hemi) cellulolytic activity were detected in zymograms and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Some proteins of these bands or spots were identified as xylanolytic peptides by mass spectrometry. Finally, the diversity of cultured cellulolytic bacterial endosymbionts associated to both Argentinean native termite species was analyzed. This study describes, for the first time, bacterial endosymbionts and endogenous (hemi) cellulases of two Argentinean native termites as well as their potential application in degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production.
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Pinheiro GL, Correa RF, Cunha RS, Cardoso AM, Chaia C, Clementino MM, Garcia ES, de Souza W, Frasés S. Isolation of aerobic cultivable cellulolytic bacteria from different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of giant land snail Achatina fulica. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:860. [PMID: 26347735 PMCID: PMC4542579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulases is one of the major limiting steps in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to yield bioethanol. To overcome this hindrance, significant efforts are underway to identify novel cellulases. The snail Achatina fulica is a gastropod with high cellulolytic activity, mainly due to the abundance of glycoside hydrolases produced by both the animal and its resident microbiota. In this study, we partially assessed the cellulolytic aerobic bacterial diversity inside the gastrointestinal tract of A. fulica by culture-dependent methods and evaluated the hydrolytic repertoire of the isolates. Forty bacterial isolates were recovered from distinct segments of the snail gut and identified to the genus level by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Additional phenotypic characterization was performed using biochemical tests provided by the Vitek2 identification system. The overall enzymatic repertoire of the isolated strains was investigated by enzymatic plate assays, containing the following substrates: powdered sugarcane bagasse, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (pNPC), 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (MUG), 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (MUX). Our results indicate that the snail A. fulica is an attractive source of cultivable bacteria that showed to be valuable resources for the production of different types of biomass-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Pinheiro
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Correa
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Cunha
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexander M Cardoso
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Unidade Universitária de Biologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catia Chaia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle da Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maysa M Clementino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle da Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloi S Garcia
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frasés
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF. Salt tolerant Methylobacterium mesophilicum showed viable colonization abilities in the plant rhizosphere. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:585-90. [PMID: 26288563 PMCID: PMC4537859 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The source of infection has always been considered as an important factor in epidemiology and mostly linked to environmental source such as surface water, soil, plants and also animals. The activity of the opportunistic pathogens associated with plant root, their adaptation and survival under hostile environmental condition is poorly understood. In this study the salt tolerance ability of Methylobacterium mesophilicum and its colonization in the root and shoot of plants under severe drought and salt stress conditions were investigated. The colonization of plant by M. mesophilicum was investigated in a gnotobiotic sand system, and their survival in pots with saline soil. Bacterial strain was found to colonize rhizosphere of cucumber, tomato and paprika grown under normal and salt stress condition and reached up to 6.4 × 10(4) and 2.6 × 10(4) CFU/g root. The strain was resistant to Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin plus Clavulanic acid, Cefotaxime, neomycin, penicillin and was also tolerant to salinity stress (up to 6% NaCl). These abilities play important roles in enabling persistent colonization of the plant surface by M. mesophilicum strains. In conclusion, this study provides background information on the behaviour of opportunistic pathogen M. mesophilicum on plants and their survival in harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wirth
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - E F Abd Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Dantur KI, Enrique R, Welin B, Castagnaro AP. Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from the intestine of Diatraea saccharalis larvae and evaluation of their capacity to degrade sugarcane biomass. AMB Express 2015; 5:15. [PMID: 25852992 PMCID: PMC4385043 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As a strategy to find efficient lignocellulose degrading enzymes/microorganisms for sugarcane biomass pretreatment purposes, 118 culturable bacterial strains were isolated from intestines of sugarcane-fed larvae of the moth Diatraea saccharalis. All strains were tested for cellulolytic activity using soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) degrading assays or by growing bacteria on sugarcane biomass as sole carbon sources. Out of the 118 strains isolated thirty eight were found to possess cellulose degrading activity and phylogenetic studies of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that all cellulolytic strains belonged to the phyla γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Within the three phyla, species belonging to five different genera were identified (Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas, Microbacterium, Bacillus and Enterococcus). Bacterial growth on sugarcane biomass as well as extracellular endo-glucanase activity induced on soluble cellulose was found to be highest in species belonging to genera Bacillus and Klebsiella. Good cellulolytic activity correlated with high extracellular protein concentrations. In addition, scanning microscopy studies revealed attachment of cellulolytic strains to different sugarcane substrates. The results of this study indicate the possibility to find efficient cellulose degrading enzymes and microorganisms from intestines of insect larvae feeding on sugarcane and their possible application in industrial processing of sugarcane biomass such as second generation biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina I Dantur
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), 3150 William Cross Av., Las Talitas, PC T4101XAC Tucumán Argentina
| | - Ramón Enrique
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), 3150 William Cross Av., Las Talitas, PC T4101XAC Tucumán Argentina
| | - Björn Welin
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), 3150 William Cross Av., Las Talitas, PC T4101XAC Tucumán Argentina
| | - Atilio P Castagnaro
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA), 3150 William Cross Av., Las Talitas, PC T4101XAC Tucumán Argentina
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Castrillo M, Bich G, Kramer G, Velazquez J, Rodriguez M, Zapata P, Villalba L. Evaluation of Synthetic and Semi- synthetic Culture Media for Endo-1,4-β- Glucanases Secretion by Trichoderma koningiopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mspro.2015.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Screening of lignocellulose-degrading superior mushroom strains and determination of their CMCase and laccase activity. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:763108. [PMID: 24693246 PMCID: PMC3943396 DOI: 10.1155/2014/763108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to screen lignocellulose-degrading superior mushroom strains ten strains of mushrooms (Lentinus edodes939, Pholiota nameko, Lentinus edodes868, Coprinus comatus, Macrolepiota procera, Auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, Grifola frondosa, Pleurotus nebrodensis, and Shiraia bambusicola) were inoculated onto carboxymethylcellulose agar-Congo red plates to evaluate their ability to produce carbomethyl cellulase (CMCase). The results showed that the ratio of transparent circle to mycelium circle of Hericium erinaceus was 8.16 (P < 0.01) higher than other strains. The filter paper culture screening test showed that Hericium erinaceus and Macrolepiota procera grew well and showed extreme decomposition of the filter paper. When cultivated in guaiacol culture medium to detect their abilities to secrete laccase, Hericium erinaceus showed the highest ability with the largest reddish brown circles of 4.330 cm. CMCase activity determination indicated that Coprinus comatus and Hericium erinaceus had the ability to produce CMCase with 33.92 U/L on the 9th day and 22.58 U/L on the 10th day, respectively, while Coprinus comatus and Pleurotus nebrodensis had the ability to produce laccase with 496.67 U/L and 489.17 U/L on the 16th day and 18th day. Based on the results, Coprinus comatus might be the most promising lignocellulose-degrading strain to produce both CMCase and laccase at high levels.
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Campos E, Negro Alvarez MJ, Sabarís di Lorenzo G, Gonzalez S, Rorig M, Talia P, Grasso DH, Sáez F, Manzanares Secades P, Ballesteros Perdices M, Cataldi AA. Purification and characterization of a GH43 β-xylosidase from Enterobacter sp. identified and cloned from forest soil bacteria. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Romano N, Gioffré A, Sede SM, Campos E, Cataldi A, Talia P. Characterization of Cellulolytic Activities of Environmental Bacterial Consortia from an Argentinian Native Forest. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:138-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amore A, Pepe O, Ventorino V, Birolo L, Giangrande C, Faraco V. Cloning and recombinant expression of a cellulase from the cellulolytic strain Streptomyces sp. G12 isolated from compost. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:164. [PMID: 23267666 PMCID: PMC3549853 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of lignocellulosic materials for second generation ethanol production would give several advantages such as minimizing the conflict between land use for food and fuel production, providing less expensive raw materials than conventional agricultural feedstock, allowing lower greenhouse gas emissions than those of first generation ethanol. However, cellulosic biofuels are not produced at a competitive level yet, mainly because of the high production costs of the cellulolytic enzymes. Therefore, this study was aimed at discovering new cellulolytic microorganisms and enzymes. RESULTS Different bacteria isolated from raw composting materials obtained from vegetable processing industry wastes were screened for their cellulolytic activity on solid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose. Four strains belonging to the actinomycetes group were selected on the basis of their phenotypic traits and cellulolytic activity on solid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose. The strain showing the highest cellulolytic activity was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as belonging to Streptomyces genus and it was designated as Streptomyces sp. strain G12. Investigating the enzymes responsible for cellulase activity produced by Streptomyces G12 by proteomic analyses, two endoglucanases were identified. Gene coding for one of these enzymes, named CelStrep, was cloned and sequenced. Molecular analysis showed that the celstrep gene has an open reading frame encoding a protein of 379 amino acid residues, including a signal peptide of 37 amino acid residues. Comparison of deduced aminoacidic sequence to the other cellulases indicated that the enzyme CelStrep can be classified as a family 12 glycoside hydrolase. Heterologous recombinant expression of CelStrep was carried out in Escherichia coli, and the active recombinant enzyme was purified from culture supernatant and characterized. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose following a Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a KM of 9.13 mg/ml and a vmax of 3469 μM min-1. The enzyme exhibits a half life of around 24 h and 96 h at 60°C and 50°C, respectively and shows a retention of around 80% of activity after 96 h at 40°C. CONCLUSIONS In this manuscript, we describe the isolation of a new cellulolytic strain, Streptomyces sp. G12, from industrial waste based compost, the identification of the enzymes putatively responsible for its cellulolytic activity, the cloning and the recombinant expression of the gene coding for the Streptomyces sp. G12 cellulase CelStrep, that was characterized showing to exhibit a relevant thermoresistance increasing its potential for cellulose conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S, Angelo, via Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Amore A, Pepe O, Ventorino V, Birolo L, Giangrande C, Faraco V. Industrial waste based compost as a source of novel cellulolytic strains and enzymes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012. [PMID: 23181595 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety bacteria isolated from raw composting materials were screened for their cellulolytic activity on solid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose. The bacteria producing the highest cellulolytic activity levels were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus licheniformis strain 1, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain B7B, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii strain 6, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain B31C. Cellulase activity production by the most productive strain B. amyloliquefaciens B31C was optimized in liquid culture varying the carbon source. Comparison of growth curves of B. amyloliquefaciens B31C at temperatures from 28 to 47 °C indicated its thermotolerant nature. Moreover, analysis of time courses of cellulase activity production in this thermal range showed that increase of temperature from 28 to 37 °C causes an increase of cellulase activity levels. Investigating the enzymes responsible for cellulase activity produced by B. amyloliquefaciens B31C by proteomic analyses, an endoglucanase was identified. It was shown that the purified enzyme catalyzes carboxymethylcellulose's hydrolysis following Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a K(M) of 9.95 mg ml(-1) and a v(max) of 284 μM min(-1) . It shows a retention of 90% of its activity for at least 144 h of incubation at 40 °C and exhibits a range of optimum temperatures from 50 to 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
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Trujillo-Cabrera Y, Ponce-Mendoza A, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Rivera-Orduña FN, Wang ET. Diverse cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the high humus, alkaline-saline chinampa soils. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cordero P, Cavigliasso A, Príncipe A, Godino A, Jofré E, Mori G, Fischer S. Genetic diversity and antifungal activity of native Pseudomonas isolated from maize plants grown in a central region of Argentina. Syst Appl Microbiol 2012; 35:342-51. [PMID: 22748594 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas strains producing antimicrobial secondary metabolites play an important role in the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, native Pseudomonas spp. isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere, endorhizosphere and bulk soil of maize fields in Córdoba (Argentina) during both the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant growth. However, the diversity based on repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) fingerprinting was not associated with the stage of plant growth. Moreover, the antagonistic activity of the native isolates against phytopathogenic fungi was evaluated in vitro. Several strains inhibited members of the genera Fusarium, Sclerotinia or Sclerotium and this antagonism was related to their ability to produce secondary metabolites. A phylogenetic analysis based on rpoB or 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that the isolates DGR22, MGR4 and MGR39 with high biocontrol potential belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Some native strains of Pseudomonas were also able to synthesise indole acetic acid and to solubilise phosphate, thus possessing potential plant growth-promoting (PGPR) traits, in addition to their antifungal activity. It was possible to establish a relationship between PGPR or biocontrol activity and the phylogeny of the strains. The study allowed the creation of a local collection of indigenous Pseudomonas which could be applied in agriculture to minimise the utilisation of chemical pesticides and fertilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cordero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36-Km, 601-5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Talia P, Sede SM, Campos E, Rorig M, Principi D, Tosto D, Hopp HE, Grasso D, Cataldi A. Biodiversity characterization of cellulolytic bacteria present on native Chaco soil by comparison of ribosomal RNA genes. Res Microbiol 2011; 163:221-32. [PMID: 22202170 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to study bacterial diversity of a pristine forest soil and of two cultures of the same soil enriched with cellulolytic bacteria. Our analysis revealed high bacterial diversity in the native soil sample, evidencing at least 10 phyla, in which Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria accounted for more than 76% of all sequences. In both enriched samples, members of Proteobacteria were the most frequently represented. The majority of bacterial genera in both enriched samples were identified as Brevundimonas and Caulobacter, but members of Devosia, Sphingomonas, Variovorax, Acidovorax, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter and Delftia were also found. In addition, it was possible to identify cellulolytic taxa such as Acidothermus, Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas, which indicates that this ecosystem could be an attractive source for study of novel enzymes for cellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Talia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, CNIA, INTA Castelar, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Malfanova N, Kamilova F, Validov S, Shcherbakov A, Chebotar V, Tikhonovich I, Lugtenberg B. Characterization of Bacillus subtilis HC8, a novel plant-beneficial endophytic strain from giant hogweed. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 4:523-32. [PMID: 21366893 PMCID: PMC3815264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty endophytic bacteria were isolated from various plant species growing near Saint-Petersburg, Russia. Based on a screening for various traits, including plant-beneficial properties and DNA fragment patterns, potential siblings were removed. The remaining isolates were taxonomically identified using 16S rDNA sequences and potential human and plant pathogens were removed. The remaining strains were tested for their ability to promote radish root growth and to protect tomato plants against tomato foot and root rot. One strain, Bacillus subtilis HC8, isolated from the giant hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, significantly promoted plant growth and protected tomato against tomato foot and root rot. Metabolites possibly responsible for these plant-beneficial properties were identified as the hormone gibberellin and (lipo)peptide antibiotics respectively. The antibiotic properties of strain HC8 are similar to those of the commercially available plant-beneficial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. However, thin layer chromatography profiles of the two strains differ. It is speculated that endophytes such as B. subtilis HC8 contribute to the fast growth of giant hogweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malfanova
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- All‐Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Saint‐Petersburg‐Pushkin, Russia
| | - Faina Kamilova
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shamil Validov
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrey Shcherbakov
- All‐Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Saint‐Petersburg‐Pushkin, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chebotar
- All‐Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Saint‐Petersburg‐Pushkin, Russia
| | - Igor Tikhonovich
- All‐Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Saint‐Petersburg‐Pushkin, Russia
| | - Ben Lugtenberg
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gautam SP, Bundela PS, Pandey AK, Khan J, Awasthi MK, Sarsaiya S. Optimization for the production of cellulase enzyme from municipal solid waste residue by two novel cellulolytic fungi. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:810425. [PMID: 21350668 PMCID: PMC3042683 DOI: 10.4061/2011/810425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by optimizing the production medium and using an alternative carbon source such as municipal solid waste residue. In the present investigation, we aim to isolate the two novel cellulase producing fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.) from municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste residue (4-5% (w/v)) and peptone and yeast extract (1.0% (w/v)) were found to be the best combination of carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of cellulase by A. niger and Trichoderma sp. Optimum temperature and pH of the medium for the cellulase production by A. niger were 40°C and 6-7, whereas those for the production of cellulase by Trichoderma sp. were 45°C and 6.5. Cellulase production from A. niger and Trichoderma sp. can be an advantage as the enzyme production rate is normally higher as compared to other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Gautam
- Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India
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