1
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da Rosa DF, Macedo AJ. The genus Anoxybacillus: an emerging and versatile source of valuable biotechnological products. Extremophiles 2023; 27:22. [PMID: 37584877 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic and alkaliphilic microorganisms are unique organisms that possess remarkable survival strategies, enabling them to thrive on a diverse range of substrates. Anoxybacillus, a genus of thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria, encompasses 24 species and 2 subspecies. In recent years, extensive research has unveiled the diverse array of thermostable enzymes within this relatively new genus, holding significant potential for industrial and environmental applications. The biomass of Anoxybacillus has demonstrated promising results in bioremediation techniques, while the recently discovered metabolites have exhibited potential in medicinal experiments. This review aims to provide an overview of the key experimental findings related to the biotechnological applications utilizing bacteria from the Anoxybacillus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisiane Fernanda da Rosa
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana (LABDIM), Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana (LABDIM), Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.
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2
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Omeroglu MA, Baltaci MO, Adiguzel A. Anoxybacillus: an overview of a versatile genus with recent biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:139. [PMID: 36995480 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillaceae family members are considered to be a good source of microbial factories for biotechnological processes. In contrast to Bacillus and Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus, which would be thermophilic and spore-forming group of bacteria, is a relatively new genus firstly proposed in the year of 2000. The development of thermostable microbial enzymes, waste management and bioremediation processes would be a crucial parameter in the industrial sectors. There has been increasing interest in Anoxybacillus strains for biotechnological applications. Therefore, various Anoxybacillus strains isolated from different habitats have been explored and identified for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as enzyme production, bioremediation and biodegradation of toxic compounds. Certain strains have ability to produce exopolysaccharides possessing biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer. This current review provides past and recent discoveries regarding Anoxybacillus strains and their potential biotechnological applications in enzyme industry, environmental processes and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Omeroglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25400, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25400, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25400, Turkey.
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3
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Decoding whole genome of Anoxybacillus rupiensis TPH1 isolated from Tatapani hot spring, India and giving insight into bioremediation ability of TPH1 via heavy metals and azo dyes. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104027. [PMID: 36646262 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A moderately thermophilic, gram-positive genomospecies Anoxybacillus rupiensis TPH1 was isolated from Tatapani hot spring, Chhattisgarh, India. Genome of 3.70 Mb with 42.3% GC subsumed 4131 CDSs, 65 tRNA, 5 rRNA, 35 AMR and 19 drug target genes. Further, comparative genomics of 19 Anoxybacillus spp. exhibited an open pan genome of 13102 genes along with core (10.62%), unique (43.5%) and accessory (45.9%) genes. Moreover, phylogenomic tree displayed clustering of Anoxybacillus spp. into two distinct clades where clade A species harbored larger genomes, more unique genes, CDS and hypothetical proteins than clade B species. Further, distribution of azoreductases showed FMN-binding NADPH azoreductase (AzoRed1) presence in clade A species only and FMN-binding NADH azoreductase (AzoRed2) harboring by species of both clades. Heavy metal resistance genes distribution showed omnipresence of znuA, copZ and arsC in both clades, dispersed presence of cbiM, czcD, merA and feoB over both clades and harboring of nikA and acr3 by few species of clade A only. Additionally, molecular docking of AzoRed1, AzoRed2, ZnuA, CopZ, Acr3, CbiM, CzcD, MerA and NikA with their respective ligands indicated high affinity and stable binding. Conclusively, present study provided insight into gene repertoire of genus Anoxybacillus and a basis for the potential application of this thermophile in bioremediation of azo dyes and heavy metals.
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4
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Unraveling the Genomic Potential of the Thermophilic Bacterium Anoxybacillus flavithermus from an Antarctic Geothermal Environment. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081673. [PMID: 36014090 PMCID: PMC9413872 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctica is a mosaic of extremes. It harbors active polar volcanoes, such as Deception Island, a marine stratovolcano having notable temperature gradients over very short distances, with the temperature reaching up to 100 °C near the fumaroles and subzero temperatures being noted in the glaciers. From the sediments of Deception Island, we isolated representatives of the genus Anoxybacillus, a widely spread genus that is mainly encountered in thermophilic environments. However, the phylogeny of this genus and its adaptive mechanisms in the geothermal sites of cold environments remain unknown. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to unravel the genomic features and provide insights into the phylogenomics and metabolic potential of members of the genus Anoxybacillus inhabiting the Antarctic thermophilic ecosystem. Here, we report the genome sequencing data of seven A. flavithermus strains isolated from two geothermal sites on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Their genomes were approximately 3.0 Mb in size, had a G + C ratio of 42%, and were predicted to encode 3500 proteins on average. We observed that the strains were phylogenomically closest to each other (Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) > 98%) and to A. flavithermus (ANI 95%). In silico genomic analysis revealed 15 resistance and metabolic islands, as well as genes related to genome stabilization, DNA repair systems against UV radiation threats, temperature adaptation, heat- and cold-shock proteins (Csps), and resistance to alkaline conditions. Remarkably, glycosyl hydrolase enzyme-encoding genes, secondary metabolites, and prophage sequences were predicted, revealing metabolic and cellular capabilities for potential biotechnological applications.
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Kochetkova TV, Podosokorskaya OA, Elcheninov AG, Kublanov IV. Diversity of Thermophilic Prokaryotes Inhabiting Russian Natural Hot Springs. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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6
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Panosyan H, Margaryan A, Birkeland NK. Anoxybacillus karvacharensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium isolated from the Karvachar geothermal spring in Nagorno-Karabakh. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34596507 PMCID: PMC8604165 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve thermophilic Anoxybacillus strains were isolated from sediment and water samples from a Karvachar hot spring located in the northern part of Nagorno-Karabakh. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, one of the isolates, designated strain K1T, was studied in detail. The cells are straight, motile rods that are 0.2–0.4×2.3–7.2 µm in size. The strain is a Gram-stain-positive, moderately thermophilic facultative anaerobe with an optimum growth temperature of 60–65 °C and a growth temperature range of 45–70 °C. Growth of strain K1T was observed at pH 6–11 (optimum, pH 8–9) and was inhibited in the presence of NaCl concentrations above 2.5 % (optimum, 1–1.5 %). The isolate could utilize a wide variety of carbon sources, including d-arabinose, d-ribose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-mannitol, maltose, aesculin, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, amidone, glycogen, turanose, d-lyxose, d-tagatose, potassium gluconate and 2-keto-gluconate. The strain was able to hydrolyse starch, casein and gelatin, was positive for oxidase and catalase, and reduced nitrate to nitrite, but was negative for H2S production. Production of urease and indole was not observed. The major cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 iso (52.5, 13.6 and 19.6 % of total fatty acids, respectively). Strain K1T shares >99 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity and a genomic average nucleotide identity value of 94.5 % with its closest relative, Anoxybacillus flavithermus DSM 2641T, suggesting that it represents a separate and novel species, for which the name Anoxybacillus karvacharensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Anoxybacillus karvacharensis is K1T (=DSM 106524T=KCTC 15807T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovik Panosyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- *Correspondence: Hovik Panosyan,
| | - Armine Margaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nils-Kåre Birkeland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Nils-Kåre Birkeland,
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Rubiano-Labrador C, Díaz-Cárdenas C, López G, Gómez J, Baena S. Colombian Andean thermal springs: reservoir of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria producing hydrolytic enzymes. Extremophiles 2019; 23:793-808. [PMID: 31555903 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic cultivable microbial communities in thermal springs producing hydrolytic enzymes were studied. Thermal water samples from seven thermal springs located in the Andean volcanic belt, in the eastern and central mountain ranges of the Colombian Andes were used as inocula for the growth and isolation of thermophilic microorganisms using substrates such as starch, gelatin, xylan, cellulose, Tween 80, olive oil, peptone and casamino acids. These springs differed in temperature (50-70 °C) and pH (6.5-7.5). The predominant ion in eastern mountain range thermal springs was sulphate, whereas that in central mountain range springs was bicarbonate. A total of 40 anaerobic thermophilic bacterial strains that belonged to the genera Thermoanaerobacter, Caloramator, Anoxybacillus, Caloranaerobacter, Desulfomicrobium, Geotoga, Hydrogenophilus, Desulfacinum and Thermoanaerobacterium were isolated. To investigate the metabolic potential of these isolates, selected strains were analysed for enzymatic activities to identify strains than can produce hydrolytic enzymes. We demonstrated that these thermal springs contained diverse microbial populations of anaerobic thermophilic comprising different metabolic groups of bacteria including strains belonging to the genera Thermoanaerobacter, Caloramator, Anoxybacillus, Caloranaerobacter, Desulfomicrobium, Geotoga, Hydrogenophilus, Desulfacinum and Thermoanaerobacterium with amylases, proteases, lipases, esterases, xylanases and pectinases; therefore, the strains represent a promising source of enzymes with biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rubiano-Labrador
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena de Indias D.T. y C., Colombia
| | - Carolina Díaz-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
| | - Gina López
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Javier Gómez
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Sandra Baena
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 56710, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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Khan IU, Habib N, Xiao M, Devi AM, Habib M, Hejazi MS, Salam N, Zhi XY, Li WJ. Anoxybacillus sediminis sp. nov., a novel moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:2275-2282. [PMID: 29931494 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-stain positive, moderately thermophilic, aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM 73012T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a hot spring located in Tibet, China, and was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. The strain is oxidase positive and catalase negative. Growth occurred at 37-65 °C (optimum, 45-50 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0.5-3.5% NaCl (optimum, 0.5-1.0%, w/v). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. The major polar lipids comprised of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 43.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain YIM 73012T forms a distinct lineage with respect to the genus Anoxybacillus in the family Bacillaceae. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence identities the closely related phylogenetic neighbours are Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T (96.7%) and Saccharococcus thermophilus DSM 4749T (96.6%). Strain YIM 73012T was distinguishable from the closely related reference strains by the differences in phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, and represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus sp. nov. is proposed. The type species is Anoxybacillus sediminis sp. nov., with the type strain YIM 73012T (= KCTC 33884T = DSM 103835T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah Khan
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Neeli Habib
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Asem Mipeshwaree Devi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Maham Habib
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nimaichand Salam
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhi
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus spp. from Terrestrial Geothermal Springs Worldwide: Diversity and Biotechnological Applications. EXTREMOPHILES IN EURASIAN ECOSYSTEMS: ECOLOGY, DIVERSITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0329-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Al-Kahem Al-Balawi TH, Wood AL, Solis A, Cooper T, Barabote RD. Anoxybacillus sp. Strain UARK-01, a New Thermophilic Soil Bacterium with Hyperthermostable Alkaline Laccase Activity. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:762-771. [PMID: 28389772 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe the isolation and characteristics of a novel thermophilic bacterium from soil. The organism is a member of the Anoxybacillus genus based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The 16S rRNA of the organism shares >99% sequence identity with those of two species, Anoxybacillus rupiensis and A. geothermalis. We named this isolate as Anoxybacillus sp. strain UARK-01. UARK-01 grows optimally in the presence of oxygen at 55 °C and pH 8. It grew excellently in the presence of lignin as the sole carbon source. Culture supernatant from UARK-01 grown on lignin was rich in laccase activity. The laccase activity was optimal at 90 °C and pH 9, and there was comparable activity at 80 and 100 °C. The crude laccase decolorized approximately 75% of Congo Red in 7 h under optimal conditions. A single laccase gene was identified from the draft genome sequence of Anoxybacillus sp. UARK-01. The UARK-01 laccase (Anox_Lacc) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli and was partially purified. The partially purified Anox_Lacc decolorized approximately 1.64+/0.21 nanomoles of Congo Red per microgram protein in 30 min at 90 °C and pH 9. Anox_Lacc is a member of the multicopper polyphenol oxidoreductase laccase family (pfam02578 Cu-oxidase_4) and has novel characteristics. Multiple sequence analysis of Anox_Lacc with six homologs from the family revealed four conserved copper ligands and several new residues that are fully conserved. Anox_Lacc is enriched in leucine, glutamine, and lysine, and it contains fewer alanine, arginine, glycine, and serine residues. Skewed amino acid composition of Anox_Lacc likely contributes to the exceptional thermochemical properties of the laccase activity from UARK-01. Both lignin utilization and production of hyperthermostable alkaline laccase are new findings in the Anoxybacillus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir H Al-Kahem Al-Balawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 850 W Dickson Street, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Adam L Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 850 W Dickson Street, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Alexis Solis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 850 W Dickson Street, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ted Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 850 W Dickson Street, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ravi D Barabote
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 850 W Dickson Street, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Filippidou S, Jaussi M, Junier T, Wunderlin T, Jeanneret N, Palmieri F, Palmieri I, Roussel-Delif L, Vieth-Hillebrand A, Vetter A, Chain PS, Regenspurg S, Junier P. Anoxybacillusgeothermalis sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from mineral deposits in a geothermal station. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2944-2951. [PMID: 27126386 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel endospore-forming bacterium designated strain GSsed3T was isolated from deposits clogging aboveground filters from the geothermal power platform of Groß Schönebeck in northern Germany. The novel isolate was Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Optimum growth occurred at 60 °C, 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-8. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain GSsed3T belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, and showed 99.8 % sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis R270T, 98.2 % similarity to Anoxybacillus tepidamans GS5-97T, 97.9 % similarity to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis TH13T, 97.7 % similarity to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730T and 97.6 % similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus MR3CT. DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) indicated only 16 % relatedness to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127T. Furthermore, DDH estimation based on genomes analysis indicated only 19.9 % overall nucleotide similarity to Anoxybacillus amylolyticus DSM 15939T. The major respiratory menaquinone was MK-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The peptidoglycan type was A1γ meso-Dpm-direct. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 46.9 mol%. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization indicated that strain GSsed3T differs from related species of the genus. Therefore, strain GSsed3T is considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus geothermalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Anoxybacillus geothermalis is GSsed3T (=CCOS808T =ATCC BAA2555T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti Filippidou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Marion Jaussi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Tina Wunderlin
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Jeanneret
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Palmieri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Palmieri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Roussel-Delif
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Vetter
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrick S Chain
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Simona Regenspurg
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Switzerland
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12
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Anoxybacillus sp. AH1, an α-amylase-producing thermophilic bacterium isolated from Dargeçit hot spring. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Yohandini H, Julinar, Muharni. Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Thermophile Community Within Tanjung Sakti Hot Spring, South Sumatera, Indonesia. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The family
Bacillaceae
constitutes a phenotypically diverse and globally ubiquitous assemblage of bacteria. Investigation into how evolution has shaped, and continues to shape, this family has relied on several widely ranging approaches from classical taxonomy, ecological field studies, and evolution in soil microcosms to genomic-scale phylogenetics, laboratory, and directed evolution experiments. One unifying characteristic of the
Bacillaceae
, the endospore, poses unique challenges to answering questions regarding both the calculation of evolutionary rates and claims of extreme longevity in ancient environmental samples.
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Isolation and production of thermostable α-amylase from thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. KP1 from Diyadin hot spring in Ağri, Turkey. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Zhao S, Cao F, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang F, Liang X. Structural Characterization and Biosorption of Exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. R4-33 Isolated from Radioactive Radon Hot Spring. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2732-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Deep K, Poddar A, Das SK. Anoxybacillus suryakundensis sp. nov, a moderately thermophilic, alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from hot spring at Jharkhand, India. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85493. [PMID: 24376881 PMCID: PMC3869905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four closely related facultative anaerobe, moderately thermophilic, Gram positive rods (JS1(T), JS5, JS11, and JS15) were isolated from sediment samples from a hot spring at Suryakund, Jharkhand, India. Colonies were pale yellow, rough surface with uneven edges on TSA after 72 h incubation. Heterotrophic growth was observed at 40-60°C and pH 5.5-11.5; optimum growth occurred at 55°C and pH 7.5. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the strains belong to genus Anoxybacillus. DNA-DNA homology values among strains were above 70% and showed distinct ERIC and REP PCR profile. On the basis of morphology and biochemical characteristics, strain JS1(T) was studied further. Strain JS1(T) showed 99.30% sequence similarity with A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis, 99.23% with A. mongoliensis, 99.16% with A. eryuanensis, 98.74% with A. flavithermus subsp. flavithermus, 98.54% with A. tengchongensis, 98.51% with A. pushchinoensis, 97.91% with A. thermarum, 97.82% with A. kaynarcensis, 97.77% with A. ayderensis and A. kamchatkensis, 97.63% with A. salavatliensis, 97.55% with A. kestanbolensis, 97.48% with A. contaminans, 97.27% with A. gonensis and 97.17% with A. voinovskiensis. In 16S rRNA secondary structure based phylogenetic comparison, strain JS1(T) was clustered with Anoxybacillus eryuanensis, A. mongoliensis, and A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis and showed 15 species specific base substitutions with maximum variability in helix 6. Moreover, DNA-DNA relatedness between JS1(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. The DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were C(15:0 iso), C(16:0 iso) and C(17:0iso). The polar lipids were a phosphatidylgylycerol, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylethnolamine, a phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine and four unknown lipids. Based on polyphasic approach, strain JS1(T) represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus for which Anoxybacillus suryakundensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JS1(T) (= DSM 27374(T) = LMG 27616(T) =JCM19211(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Deep
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata K. Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
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Cihan AC, Cokmus C, Koc M, Ozcan B. Anoxybacillus calidus sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from soil near a thermal power plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 64:211-219. [PMID: 24052627 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.056549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain C161ab(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kizildere, Saraykoy-Buharkent power plant in Denizli. The isolate could grow at temperatures between 35 and 70 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0-8.5) and with 0-2.5 % NaCl (optimum 0.5 %, w/v). The strain formed cream-coloured, circular colonies and tolerated up to 70 mM boron. Its DNA G+C content was 37.8 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Strain C161ab(T) contained menaquinones MK-7 (96 %) and MK-6 (4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-branched fatty acids: iso-C15 : 0 (52.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (28.0 %,) with small amounts of C16 : 0 (7.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed 94.6-96.8 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Anoxybacillus. Strain C161ab(T) showed the greatest sequence similarity to Anoxybacillus rupiensis DSM 17127(T) and Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 17075(T), both had 96.8 % similarity to strain C161ab(T), as well as to Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus DSM 15730(T) (96.6 %). DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low levels of relatedness with the closest relatives of strain C161ab(T), A. rupiensis (21.2 %) and A. voinovskiensis (16.5 %). On the basis of the results obtained from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic fingerprinting, phylogenetic and hybridization analyses, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Anoxybacillus calidus sp. nov. (type strain C161ab(T) = DSM 25520(T) = NCIMB 14851(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Coleri Cihan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Cokmus
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melih Koc
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birgul Ozcan
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Biology Department, 31040 Hatay, Turkey
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Zhang XQ, Zhang ZL, Wu N, Zhu XF, Wu M. Anoxybacillus vitaminiphilus sp. nov., a strictly aerobic and moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:4064-4071. [PMID: 23728374 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.050096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and spore-forming bacterium, strain 3nP4(T), was isolated from the Puge hot spring located in the south-western geothermal area of China. Strain 3nP4(T) grew at 38-66 °C (optimum 57-60 °C), at pH 6.0-9.3 (optimum 7.0-7.5) and with 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as DNA-DNA relatedness values, indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, related most closely to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 12111(T). Strain 3nP4(T) had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid as major polar lipids and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids, which are both typical chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Anoxybacillus. The mean DNA G+C content of strain 3nP4(T) was 39.2±0.95 mol% (HPLC). A distinctive characteristic of the novel isolate was its extreme reliance on vitamin mixture or yeast extract for growth. Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain 3nP4(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus vitaminiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3nP4(T) ( = CGMCC 1.8979(T) = JCM 16594(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhen-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang 830011, PR China
| | - Xu-Fen Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Goh KM, Kahar UM, Chai YY, Chong CS, Chai KP, Ranjani V, Illias R, Chan KG. Recent discoveries and applications of Anoxybacillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1475-88. [PMID: 23324802 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillaceae family members are a good source of bacteria for bioprocessing and biotransformation involving whole cells or enzymes. In contrast to Bacillus and Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus is a relatively new genus that was proposed in the year 2000. Because these bacteria are alkali-tolerant thermophiles, they are suitable for many industrial applications. More than a decade after the first report of Anoxybacillus, knowledge accumulated from fundamental and applied studies suggests that this genus can serve as a good alternative in many applications related to starch and lignocellulosic biomasses, environmental waste treatment, enzyme technology, and possibly bioenergy production. This current review provides the first summary of past and recent discoveries regarding the isolation of Anoxybacillus, its medium requirements, its proteins that have been characterized and cloned, bioremediation applications, metabolic studies, and genomic analysis. Comparisons to some other members of Bacillaceae and possible future applications of Anoxybacillus are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Řezanka T, Kambourova M, Derekova A, Kolouchová I, Sigler K. LC–ESI–MS/MS Identification of Polar Lipids of Two Thermophilic Anoxybacillus Bacteria Containing a Unique Lipid Pattern. Lipids 2012; 47:729-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Production and Accumulation of 4-O-Methyl-α-d-Glucuronosyl-Xylotriose by Growing Culture of Thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. Strain JT-12. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1791-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Colak DN, Inan K, Karaoglu H, Canakci S, Belduz AO. Molecular analysis of the genus Anoxybacillus based on sequence similarity of the genes recN, flaA, and ftsY. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:61-9. [PMID: 22223049 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genome predictions based on selected genes would be a very welcome approach for taxonomic studies. We analyzed three genes, recN, flaA, and ftsY, for determining if these genes are useful tools for systematic analyses in the genus Anoxybacillus. The genes encoding a DNA repair and genetic recombination protein (recN), the flagellin protein (flaA), and GTPase signal docking protein (ftsY) were sequenced for ten Anoxybacillus species. The sequence comparisons revealed that recN sequence similarities range between 61% and 99% in the genus Anoxybacillus. Comparisons to other bacterial recN genes indicated that levels of similarity did not differ from the levels within genus Anoxybacillus. These data showed that recN is not a useful marker for the genus Anoxybacillus. A 550-600-bp region of the flagellin gene was amplified for all Anoxybacillus strains except for Anoxybacillus contaminans. The sequence similarity of flaA gene varies between 61% and 76%. Comparisons to other bacterial flagellin genes obtained from GenBank (Bacillus, Pectinatus, Proteus, and Vibrio) indicated that the levels of similarity were lower (3-42%). Based on these data, we concluded that the variability in this single gene makes it a particularly useful marker. Another housekeeping gene ftsY suggested to reflect the G+C (mol/mol) content of whole genome was analyzed for Anoxybacillus strains. A mean difference of 1.4% was observed between the G+C content of the gene ftsY and the G+C content of the whole genome. These results showed that the gene ftsY can be used to represent whole G+C content of the Anoxybacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsat Nigar Colak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Use of rpoB sequences and rep-PCR for phylogenetic study of Anoxybacillus species. J Microbiol 2011; 49:782-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cihan AC, Ozcan B, Cokmus C. Anoxybacillus salavatliensis sp. nov., an α-glucosidase producing, thermophilic bacterium isolated from Salavatli, Turkey. J Basic Microbiol 2010; 51:136-46. [PMID: 21077116 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel moderately thermophilic, Gram-positive staining, rod-shaped, spore-forming, motile, facultative anaerobic, and α-glucosidase producing strain A343(T), was isolated from a high temperature well-pipeline sediment sample in Salavatli province of Aydin, Turkey. Growth was observed at 37-69 ºC (optimum 60 °C), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum 8.0-9.0) and at salinities from 0 to 4.5% (w/v) (optimum 2%). Strain A343(T) was able to grow on a wide range of carbon sources. Gelatin and starch utilization, amylase, catalase and oxidase activities, reduction of nitrate to nitrite were all positive. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.1 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The dominant cellular fatty acids were: iso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C17:0. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain A343(T) belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain A343(T) and the type strains of recognized Anoxybacillus species was ranged from 95.8 to 99.4%. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low homology with its closest relative Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis (49.7%). In addition to the total cell protein profiles, the Rep-PCR and the intergenic 16S-23S rRNA gene fingerprinting profiles differentiated strain A343(T) from all of the reference Anoxybacillus species used. Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain A343(T) was assigned to a new species within the genus Anoxybacillus, A. salavatliensis sp. nov. (The type strain A343(T) = DSM 22626(T) = NCIMB 14579(T)). The 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence of strain A343(T) is available in the GenBank database under the accession number--EU326496. Weinheim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Coleri Cihan
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Namsaraev ZB, Babasanova OB, Dunaevsky YE, Akimov VN, Barkhutova DD, Gorlenko VM, Namsaraev BB. Anoxybacillus mongoliensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic proteinase producing bacterium isolated from alkaline hot spring, Central Mongolia. Microbiology (Reading) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261710040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zhang CM, Huang XW, Pan WZ, Zhang J, Wei KB, Klenk HP, Tang SK, Li WJ, Zhang KQ. Anoxybacillus tengchongensis sp. nov. and Anoxybacillus eryuanensis sp. nov., facultatively anaerobic, alkalitolerant bacteria from hot springs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:118-122. [PMID: 20173008 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.020834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel thermophilic, spore-forming bacterial strains, T-11(T) and E-112(T), were isolated from hot springs in Tengchong and Eryuan counties of Yunnan province in south-west China. The strains were Gram-stain-positive rods, occurring singly or in chains. Growth of strain T-11(T) was observed between 30 and 75 °C (optimum 50 °C) and at pH 7-11 (optimum pH 8.5), while the temperature range for strain E-112(T) was 35-70 °C (optimum 55 °C) and the pH range was 7.0-11.0 (optimum pH 8.0). The DNA G+C contents of strains T-11(T) and E-112(T) were 41.1 and 42.6 mol%, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the two strains were shown to be related most closely to Anoxybacillus species. The chemotaxonomic characteristics [predominant isoprenoid quinone menaquinone 7 (MK-7); major fatty acids iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 0)] also supported the affiliation of strains T-11(T) and E-112(T) to the genus Anoxybacillus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains T-11(T) and E-112(T) from Anoxybacillus species with validly published names. Strains T-11(T) and E-112(T) therefore represent two novel species, for which the names Anoxybacillus tengchongensis sp. nov. (type strain T-11(T) =CCTCC AB209237(T) =KCTC 13721(T)) and Anoxybacillus eryuanensis sp. nov. (type strain E-112(T) =CCTCC AB209236(T) =KCTC 13720(T)) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Huang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Wen-Zheng Pan
- Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China.,Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Kang-Bi Wei
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shu-Kun Tang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
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A new xylanase from thermoalkaline Anoxybacillus sp. E2 with high activity and stability over a broad pH range. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Poli A, Romano I, Cordella P, Orlando P, Nicolaus B, Ceschi Berrini C. Anoxybacillus thermarum sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium isolated from thermal mud in Euganean hot springs, Abano Terme, Italy. Extremophiles 2009; 13:867-74. [PMID: 19710998 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel aerobe thermophilic endospore-forming bacterium designated strain AF/04(T) was isolated from thermal mud located in Euganean hot springs, Abano Terme, Padova, Italy. Strain AF/04(T) was Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped, occurring in pairs, or filamentous. The isolate grew between 55 and 67 degrees C (optimum 65 degrees C) and at pH 6.0-7.5 (optimum pH 7.2). The strain was aerobic and grew on maltose, trehalose, and sodium acetate as sole carbon sources. The G + C content of DNA was 53.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AF/04(T) falls within the genus Anoxybacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain AF/04(T) and the type strains of recognized Anoxybacillus species ranged from 95 to 99%. Chemotaxonomic data (major isoprenoid quinone-menaquinone-7; major fatty acid iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0) supported the affiliation of strain AF/04(T) to the genus Anoxybacillus. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data, it was proposed that strain AF/04(T) (=DSM 17141(T) = ATCC BAA 1156(T)) should be placed in the genus Anoxybacillus as the type strain of a novel species, Anoxybacillus thermarum sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Poli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.
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Gul-Guven R, Guven K, Poli A, Nicolaus B. Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis subsp. asaccharedens subsp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Batman. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2009; 54:327-34. [PMID: 19164875 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.54.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A new thermophilic spore-forming strain KG8(T) was isolated from the mud of Taslidere hot spring in Batman. Strain KG8(T) was aerobe, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, occurring in pairs or filamentous. Growth was observed from 35-65 degrees C (optimum 55 degrees C) and at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.5). It was capable of utilizing starch, growth was observed until 3% NaCl (w/v) and it was positive for nitrate reduction. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KG8(T) was shown to be related most closely to Anoxybacillus species. Chemotaxonomic data (major isoprenoid quinone-menaquinone-7; major fatty acid-iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0) supported the affiliation of strain KG8(T) to the genus Anoxybacillus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain KG8(T). Based on these results we propose assigning a novel subspecies of Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis, to be named Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis subsp. asaccharedens subsp. nov. with the type strain KG8(T) (DSM 18475(T)=CIP 109280(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Gul-Guven
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbarkir, Turkey
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Abstract
Thermophilic anaerobes are Archaea and Bacteria that grow optimally at temperatures of 50 degrees C or higher and do not require the use of O(2) as a terminal electron acceptor for growth. The prokaryotes with this type of physiology are studied for a variety of reasons, including (a) to understand how life can thrive under extreme conditions, (b) for their biotechnological potential, and (c) because anaerobic thermophiles are thought to share characteristics with the early evolutionary life forms on Earth. Over 300 species of thermophilic anaerobes have been described; most have been isolated from thermal environments, but some are from mesobiotic environments, and others are from environments with temperatures below 0 degrees C. In this overview, the authors outline the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of thermophilic anaerobes as currently known. The purpose of this overview is to convey the incredible diversity and breadth of metabolism within this subset of anaerobic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D Wagner
- 212 Biological Sciences Building, 1000 Cedar Street, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2605, USA
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Derekova A, Sjøholm C, Mandeva R, Kambourova M. Anoxybacillus rupiensis sp. Nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium isolated from Rupi basin (Bulgaria). Extremophiles 2007; 11:577-83. [PMID: 17505776 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-007-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of a novel thermophilic, strictly aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming hemo-organotrophic bacterium were isolated from three hot springs in the region of Rupi basin, Bulgaria as producers of amylolytic enzymes. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences (first 500 nucleotides) were very similar (99.8%). Strains were able to ferment a wide spectrum of carbohydrates such as sugars, polyols, and polysaccharides like xylan, glycogen and starch. Optimal growth was observed at 55-58 degrees C, and pH at 6.0-6.5. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole 16S rRNA gene sequence clustered the strain R270(T) with the representatives of the genus Anoxybacillus and with Geobacillus tepidamans. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 41.7%. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed low homology with the closest relatives (32.0 mol% homology to Geobacillus tepidamans). Fatty acid profile (major fatty acids iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0) confirmed the affiliation of the strain to the genus Anoxybacillus. On the basis of the data presented here, we propose that strain R270(T), represents a new species of the genus Anoxybacillus for which, we recommend the name Anoxybacillus rupiensis sp. nov. (=DSM 17127(T) = NBIMCC 8387(T)). The 16S rRNA gene sequence data of a strain R270(T) have been deposited in the EMBL databases under the accession number AJ879076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Derekova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev str. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Poli A, Esposito E, Lama L, Orlando P, Nicolaus G, de Appolonia F, Gambacorta A, Nicolaus B. Anoxybacillus amylolyticus sp. nov., a thermophilic amylase producing bacterium isolated from Mount Rittmann (Antarctica). Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:300-7. [PMID: 16682297 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new thermophilic spore-forming strain MR3CT was isolated from geothermal soil located on Mount Rittmann in Antarctica. Strain MR3CT was Gram-positive, rod-shaped, occurring in pairs or filamentous. Growth was observed between 45 and 65 degrees C (optimum 61 degrees C) and at pH 5.0-6.5 (optimum pH 5.6). It was capable of utilizing galactose, trehalose, maltose and sucrose. The microorganism produced an exopolysaccharide and synthesized an extracellular constitutive amylolytic activity. The G + C content of DNA was 43.5 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain MR3CT was shown to be related most closely to Anoxybacillus species. Chemotaxonomic data (major isoprenoid quinone-menaquinone-7; major fatty acid-iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0) supported the affiliation of strain MR3C1T to the genus Anoxybacillus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain MR3CT from the validly published Anoxybacillus species. MR3CT therefore represents a new species, for which the name Anoxybacillus amylolyticus sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain MR3CT (= ATCC BAA-872T = DSM 15939T = CIP 108338T).
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MESH Headings
- Amylases/biosynthesis
- Antarctic Regions
- Base Composition
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fatty Acids/isolation & purification
- Genes, rRNA/genetics
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/cytology
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/physiology
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Quinones/analysis
- Quinones/isolation & purification
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Soil Microbiology
- Temperature
- Terpenes/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Poli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
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Yamamoto M, Ishii A, Nogi Y, Inoue A, Ito M. Isolation and characterization of novel denitrifying alkalithermophiles, AT-1 and AT-2. Extremophiles 2006; 10:421-6. [PMID: 16612552 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two novel denitrifying alkalithermophilic bacteria, AT-1 and AT-2, were isolated from manure-amended soil. The isolates grew at 35-65 degrees C with an optimum temperature at 50-60 degrees C, and pH 6.5-10.0 with an optimum pH at 9.5. Both isolates were Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, non-motile rod-shaped bacteria. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence data indicated that both AT-1 and AT-2 are members of the genus Anoxybacillus. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed moderate relatedness between AT-1 and AT-2 and one phylogenetically related strain, A. pushchinensis K1 (69.5 and 69.1%, respectively). Comparative analysis of morphology and biochemical characteristics of the two isolates also showed similarity to A. pushchinensis K1. Based on these results, we identified AT-1 and AT-2 as A. pushchinensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of denitrifying bacterium isolated from alkalithermophilic Anoxybacillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamamoto
- REDS Group (Saitama Prefecture Collaboration of Regional Entities for the Advancement of Technological Excellence, JST), Saitama Small Enterprise Promotion Corporation, 3-12-18 Kamiaoki, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0844, Japan
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Goto T, Matsuno T, Hishinuma-Narisawa M, Yamazaki K, Matsuyama H, Inoue N, Yumoto I. Cytochrome c and bioenergetic hypothetical model for alkaliphilic Bacillus spp. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 100:365-79. [PMID: 16310725 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.100.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although a bioenergetic parameter is unfavorable for production of ATP (DeltapH<0), the growth rate and yield of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains are higher than those of neutralophilic Bacillus subtilis. This finding suggests that alkaliphiles possess a unique energy-producing machinery taking advantage of the alkaline environment. Expected bioenergetic parameters for the production of ATP (DeltapH and DeltaPsi) do not reflect the actual parameters for energy production. Certain strains of alkaliphilic Bacillus spp. possess large amounts of cytochrome c when grown at a high pH. The growth rate and yield are higher at pH 10 than at pH 7 in facultative alkaliphiles. These findings suggest that a large amount of cytochrome c at high pHs (e.g., pH 10) may be advantageous for sustaining growth. To date, isolated cytochromes c of alkaliphiles have a very low midpoint redox potential (less than +100 mV) compared with those of neutralophiles (approximately +220 mV). On the other hand, the redox potential of the electron acceptor from cytochrome c, that is, cytochrome c oxidase, seems to be normal (redox potential of cytochrome a=+250 mV). This large difference in midpoint redox potential between cytochrome c and cytochrome a concomitant with the configuration (e.g., a larger negative ion capacity at the inner surface membrane than at the outer surface for the attraction of H+ to the intracellular membrane and a large amount of cyrochrome c) supporting H+-coupled electron transfer of cytochrome c may have an important meaning in the adaptation of alkaliphiles at high pHs. This respiratory system includes a more rapid and efficient H+ and e- flow across the membrane in alkaliphiles than in neutralophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Goto
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
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Hosoya R, Hamana K, Niitsu M, Itoh T. Polyamine analysis for chemotaxonomy of thermophilic eubacteria: Polyamine distribution profiles within the orders Aquificales, Thermotogales, Thermodesulfobacteriales, Thermales, Thermoanaerobacteriales, Clostridiales and Bacillales. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2005; 50:271-87. [PMID: 15747232 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.50.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cellular polyamines of 45 thermophilic and 8 related mesophilic eubacteria were investigated by HPLC and GC analyses for the thermophilic and chemotaxonomic significance of polyamine distribution profiles. Spermidine and a quaternary branched penta-amine, N4-bis(aminopropyl)norspermidine, were the major polyamine in Thermocrinis, Hydrogenobacter, Hydrogenobaculum, Aquifex, Persephonella, Sulfurihydrogenibium, Hydrogenothermus, Balnearium and Thermovibrio, located in the order Aquificales. Thermodesulfobacterium and Thermodesulfatator belonging to the order Thermodesulfobacteriales contained another quaternary penta-amine, N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine. In the order Thermotogales, Thermotoga contained spermidine, norspermidine, caldopentamine and homocaldopentamine. The latter two linear penta-amines were not found in Marinitoga and Petrotoga. In the order Thermales, Thermus and Marinithermus contained homospermidine, norspermine and the linear penta-amines. Meiothermus lacked penta-amines. Vulcanithermus contained linear penta-amines and hexa-amines but not homospermidine. Oceanithermus contained spermine alone. Within the order Thermoanaerobacteriales, the two quaternary branched penta-amines were found in Thermanaeromonas and Thermoanaerobacter. Caldanaerobacter contained N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine. Thermoanaerobacterium lacked penta-amines. Thermaerobacter of the order Clostridiales contained N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine and agmatine. Thermosyntropha, Thermanaerovibrio, Thermobrachium ( the order Clostridiales), Sulfobacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Anoxybacillus, Ureibacillus, Thermicanus ( the order Bacillales), Desulfotomaculum, Desulfitobacterium and Pelotomaculum (the family Peptococcaceae) ubiquitously contained spermine. Some thermophiles of Bacillales added linear and branched penta-amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Hosoya
- Gunma University School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
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