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Parija SC, Poddar A. Artificial intelligence in parasitic disease control: A paradigm shift in health care. Trop Parasitol 2024; 14:2-7. [PMID: 38444798 PMCID: PMC10911181 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_66_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, continue to plague populations worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings and disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. It has limited the use of conventional health-care delivery and disease control approaches and necessitated exploring innovative strategies. In this direction, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool with immense promise in parasitic disease control, offering the potential for enhanced diagnostics, precision drug discovery, predictive modeling, and personalized treatment. Predictive AI algorithms have assisted in understanding parasite transmission patterns and outbreaks by analyzing vast amounts of epidemiological data, environmental factors, and population demographics. This has strengthened public health interventions, resource allocation, and outbreak preparedness strategies, enabling proactive measures to mitigate disease spread. In diagnostics, AI-enabled accurate and rapid identification of parasites by analyzing microscopic images. This capability is particularly valuable in remote regions with limited access to diagnostic facilities. AI-driven computational methods have also assisted in drug discovery for parasitic diseases by identifying novel drug targets and predicting the efficacy and safety of potential drug candidates. This approach has streamlined drug development, leading to more effective and targeted therapies. This article reviews these current developments and their transformative impacts on the health-care sector. It also assessed the hurdles that require attention before these transformations can be realized in real-life scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
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Parija SC, Poddar A. Deep tech innovation for parasite diagnosis: New dimensions and opportunities. Trop Parasitol 2023; 13:3-7. [PMID: 37415758 PMCID: PMC10321578 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_12_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By converging advanced science, engineering, and design, deep techs are bringing a great wave of future innovations by mastering challenges and problem complexity across sectors and the field of parasitology is no exception. Remarkable research and advancements can be seen in the field of parasite detection and diagnosis through smartphone applications. Supervised and unsupervised data deep learnings are heavily exploited for the development of automated neural network models for the prediction of parasites, eggs, etc., From microscopic smears and/or sample images with more than 99% accuracy. It is expected that several models will emerge in the future wherein greater attention is being paid to improving the model's accuracy. Invariably, it will increase the chances of adoption across the commercial sectors dealing in health and related applications. However, parasitic life cycle complexity, host range, morphological forms, etc., need to be considered further while developing such models to make the deep tech innovations perfect for bedside and field applications. In this review, the recent development of deep tech innovations focusing on human parasites has been discussed focusing on the present and future dimensions, opportunities, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Parija
- Vice Chancellor, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-To-Be-University), Puducherry, India
- President, Indian Academy of Tropical Parasitology, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- MGM Advanced Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed-To-Be-University), Puducherry, India
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3
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Jones MGK, Fosu-Nyarko J, Iqbal S, Adeel M, Romero-Aldemita R, Arujanan M, Kasai M, Wei X, Prasetya B, Nugroho S, Mewett O, Mansoor S, Awan MJA, Ordonio RL, Rao SR, Poddar A, Hundleby P, Iamsupasit N, Khoo K. Enabling Trade in Gene-Edited Produce in Asia and Australasia: The Developing Regulatory Landscape and Future Perspectives. Plants 2022; 11:plants11192538. [PMID: 36235403 PMCID: PMC9571430 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genome- or gene-editing (abbreviated here as ‘GEd’) presents great opportunities for crop improvement. This is especially so for the countries in the Asia-Pacific region, which is home to more than half of the world’s growing population. A brief description of the science of gene-editing is provided with examples of GEd products. For the benefits of GEd technologies to be realized, international policy and regulatory environments must be clarified, otherwise non-tariff trade barriers will result. The status of regulations that relate to GEd crop products in Asian countries and Australasia are described, together with relevant definitions and responsible regulatory bodies. The regulatory landscape is changing rapidly: in some countries, the regulations are clear, in others they are developing, and some countries have yet to develop appropriate policies. There is clearly a need for the harmonization or alignment of GEd regulations in the region: this will promote the path-to-market and enable the benefits of GEd technologies to reach the end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. K. Jones
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)4-1423-9428
| | - John Fosu-Nyarko
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sadia Iqbal
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Rhodora Romero-Aldemita
- ISAAA—BioTrust Global Knowledge Center on Biotechnology, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA), IRRI, Los Banos 4031, Philippines
| | - Mahaletchumy Arujanan
- Malaysian Biotechnology Information Centre, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mieko Kasai
- Japan Plant Factory Association, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0012, Japan
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Bambang Prasetya
- National Biosafety Committee of Genetically Engineered Products (KKH-PRG), Research Center for Testing Technology and Standards, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Satya Nugroho
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Osman Mewett
- Australian Seed Federation, 20 Napier Cl, Deakin, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad J. A. Awan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Reynante L. Ordonio
- Crop Biotech Center, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Munoz 3119, Philippines
| | - S. R. Rao
- Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry 607402, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- MGM Advanced Research Institute, Pondicherry 607402, India
| | - Penny Hundleby
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Kay Khoo
- Regulatory Affairs Manager, Seeds Asia-Pacific, BASF Australia Ltd., 12/28 Freshwater Pl, Southbank, VIC 3006, Australia
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Abstract
The endemicity of several parasitic diseases across the globe and recent evidence of distress among COVID-19 patients with preexisting parasitic infections requires strengthening One Health framework and advanced strategies for parasitic detection. Owing to the greater sensitivity and accuracy, molecular technologies such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and xMAP technology have been extensively studied for parasitic diagnosis. Varieties of genes have been targeted for primer development where 18S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer regions, and mitochondrial DNAs coding for cytochrome, and other enzymes have been widely used. More recent, low-cost sequencing and advances in big data management have resulted in a slow but steady rise of next-generation sequencing-based approaches for parasite diagnosis. However, except for few parasites of global concerns such as Plasmodium and Entamoeba, most of the molecular tools and technologies are yet to witness bench to bedside and field translations. This review looks into some of the advancements in the molecular diagnosis of parasites that have potential relevance to clinical purposes and may pave the way toward disease management in an efficient and timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Scientist, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Puducherry, India
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Poddar A, Das SK. Microbiological studies of hot springs in India: a review. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:1-18. [PMID: 28887679 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The earliest microbiological studies on hot springs in India date from 2003, a much later date compared to global attention in this striking field of study. As of today, 28 out of 400 geothermal springs have been explored following both culturable and non-culturable approaches. The temperatures and pH of the springs are 37-99 °C and 6.8-10, respectively. Several studies have been performed on the description of novel genera and species, characterization of different bio-resources, metagenomics of hot spring microbiome and whole genome analysis of few isolates. 17 strains representing novel species and many thermostable enzymes, including lipase, protease, chitinase, amylase, etc. with potential biotechnological applications have been reported by several authors. Influence of physico-chemical conditions, especially that of temperature, on shaping the hot spring microbiome has been established by metagenomic investigations. Bacteria are the predominant life forms in all the springs with an abundance of phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Thermi, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus and Chloroflexi. In this review, we have discussed the findings on all microbiological studies that have been carried out to date, on the 28 hot springs. Further, the possibilities of extrapolating these studies for practical applications and environmental impact assessment towards protection of natural ecosystem of hot springs have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Poddar
- Biosafety Support Unit, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NPC Building, 5-6 Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.
| | - Subrata K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Dasgupta P, Das K, Pakhira S, Mazumdar C, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Poddar A. Role of the stability of charge ordering in exchange bias effect in doped manganites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3220. [PMID: 28607448 PMCID: PMC5468231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have carried out an elaborate study on the magnetic properties and investigated the exchange bias phenomena of some charge-ordered (CO) manganites. The detailed study of Sm1−xCaxMnO3 (x = 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7) compounds shows that Sm0.4Ca0.6MnO3, which is the most robust charge ordered material studied here, shows significantly large exchange bias field (HE) as compared to the other compounds. Our experimental results and analysis indicate that TCO, which reflects the stability of the charge-ordered state, is one of the key parameters for the exchange bias effect. Similar behaviour is found in other rare-earth analogues, viz., La1−xCaxMnO3 and Pr1−xCaxMnO3 compounds as well. We also found that with increasing stability of CO states in Sm1−xCaxMnO3 compounds, HE enhances due to increase in number and reduction in size of ferromagnetic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Dasgupta
- CMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India.
| | - Kalipada Das
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.,Department of Physics, Seth Anandram Jaipuria College, 10 Raja Naba Krishna Street, Kolkata, 700005, India
| | - Santanu Pakhira
- CMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Chandan Mazumdar
- CMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Mumbai Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Campus, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - A Poddar
- CMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
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7
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V. Iyer V, Tejal A, Poddar A, Maithili D, G. Rasika L, Bendre A, Jaswal V. An Indian Perspective of Some Recent Developments in Polio, DPT, Zika and Rotavirus Vaccines. Indian J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndrome affects less than 1% of cancer patients. Diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndrome with neurological presentation requires screening for an underlying malignancy, including a complete history, physical examination and imaging studies. Treatment often results in symptom stability, rather than improvement. Paraneoplastic polymyositis can precede or instantaneously occur at diagnosis or treatment of a primary tumour, while neurological symptoms can persist even following cancer treatment. We report a rare case of metaplastic breast carcinoma with an unusual presentation of paraneoplastic polymyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Merali
- Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - M Yousuff
- Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - V Pronisceva
- Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - A Poddar
- Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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Majumder M, Ghoshray A, Khuntia P, Mazumdar C, Poddar A, Baenitz M, Ghoshray K. Absence of low energy magnetic spin-fluctuations in isovalently and aliovalently doped LaCo2B2 superconducting compounds. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:345701. [PMID: 27355521 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/34/345701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetization, resistivity and (11)B, (59)Co NMR measurements have been performed on the Pauli paramagnet [Formula: see text], and the superconductors [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] K) and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] K). The site selective NMR experiment reveals the multiband nature of the Fermi surface in these systems. The temperature independent Knight shift and 1/T 1 T clearly indicate the absence of correlated low energy magnetic spin-fluctuations in the normal state, which is in contrast to other Fe-based pnictides. The density of states (DOS) of Co 3d electrons has been enhanced in superconducting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with respect to the non superconducting reference compound [Formula: see text]. The occurrence of superconductivity is related to the DOS enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Majumder
- ECMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India. Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Three closely related, non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped isolates (S5-53T, S6-62 and S6-64) were obtained from mucus of corals Favia veroni from the Andaman Sea, India. Colonies grown on marine agar were small, circular and cream-coloured. Heterotrophic growth was observed at 10-40 °C and pH 6-10; optimum growth occurred at 25-30 °C and pH 7-8. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the isolates belonged to the genus Sulfitobacter and the three isolates shared more than 99 % pairwise sequence similarity. Strain S5-53T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.43 % with Sulfitobacter dubius KMM 3554T. DNA-DNA relatedness among the three isolates was above 70 % whereas strain S5-53T showed less than 70 % relatedness with the type strains of closely related species. The DNA G+C content of strain S5-53T was 61 mol%. It contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Predominant fatty acids included C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl, C16 : 0 and C10 : 0 3-OH. Q10 was the major respiratory quinone. Based on this polyphasic analysis, the new isolates (S5-53T, S6-62 and S6-64) are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter, for which the name Sulfitobacter faviae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S5-53T(=JCM 31093T=LMG 29156T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabla Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
| | - Sayantani Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
| | - Subrata K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
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Deep K, Poddar A, Das SK. Cloning, Overexpression, and Characterization of Halostable, Solvent-Tolerant Novel β-Endoglucanase from a Marine Bacterium Photobacterium panuliri LBS5T (DSM 27646T). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:695-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pronisceva V, Wong S, Poddar A, Sharp E. P356 Occult axillary metastases in breast cancer. Outcomes for post neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(15)70386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Dey S, Gomes R, Mondal R, Dey SK, Dasgupta P, Poddar A, Reddy VR, Bhaumik A, Kumar S. Stable room temperature magnetic ordering and excellent catalytic activity of mechanically activated high surface area nanosized Ni0.45Zn0.55Fe2O4. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14773e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosynthesized nanometric Ni0.45Zn0.55Fe2O4 exhibit stable magnetic ordering at room temperature, excellent catalytic property and memory effect in dc magnetization profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dey
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - R. Gomes
- Department of Materials Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - R. Mondal
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - S. K. Dey
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - P. Dasgupta
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - A. Poddar
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | | | - A. Bhaumik
- Department of Materials Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
| | - S. Kumar
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
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Kumari P, Poddar A, Schumann P, Das SK. Vibrio panuliri sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from spiny lobster, Panulirus penicillatus and transfer of Vibrio ponticus from Scophthalmi clade to the newly proposed Ponticus clade. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:826-35. [PMID: 25445014 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel marine bacterium, strain LBS2(T) was isolated from eggs carried on pleopods of the spiny lobster collected from Andaman Sea. Heterotrophic growth occurred at 1-7% NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed the strain LBS2(T) belonged to the genus Vibrio and showed above 97% similarity with eight type strains of the genus Vibrio. Multilocus analysis based on ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH recA, rpoA, and topA revealed LBS2(T) formed a separate cluster with Vibrio ponticus DSM 16217(T) with 89.8% multilocus gene sequence similarity. However, strain LBS2(T) is distantly related with other members of the Scophthalmi clade in terms of 16S rRNA signatures, phenotypic variations and multilocus gene sequence similarity, for which we propose LBS2(T) belongs to a new clade i.e. Ponticus clade with V. ponticus DSM 16217(T) as the representative type strain of the clade. DNA-DNA homologies between strain LBS2(T) and closely related strains were well below 70%. DNA G + C content was 45.3 mol%. On the basis of our polyphasic study, strain LBS2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio panuliri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LBS2(T) (= JCM 19500(T) = DSM 27724(T) = LMG 27902(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabla Kumari
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Subrata K Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India.
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Deep K, Poddar A, Das SK. Photobacterium panuliri sp. nov., an alkalitolerant marine bacterium isolated from eggs of spiny lobster, Panulirus penicillatus from Andaman Sea. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:660-8. [PMID: 24962598 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A facultative anaerobe, alkalitolerant, gram-negative marine bacterium strain LBS5(T), was isolated from eggs carried on the pleopods of female spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) in Andaman Sea from a depth of 3.5 m. Heterotrophic growth was observed at 15-38 °C and pH 5.5-11. Optimum growth occurred at 28 °C and pH 7.5. It can grow in the presence of 0.5-7 % NaCl (w/v), and the optimal NaCl required for growth was 2-4 %. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the strain LBS5(T) belongs to the genus Photobacterium and showed 99.6 % similarity with P. aquae AE6(T), 98.2 % with P. aphoticum M46(T), 97 % with P. rosenbergii CC1(T), 96.9 % with P. lutimaris DF-42(T), and 96.6 % with P. halotolerans MACL01(T). The DNA-DNA similarities between strains LBS5(T) with other closely related strains were well below 70 %. The DNA G + C content was 50.52 (±0.9) mol%. The major fatty acids were C16:1w7c/w6c, C18:1w6c/w7c, C16:0, C15:0 iso, C16:0 10-methyl/17:1 iso w9c, C17:0 iso. Polar lipids included a phosphatidylglycerol, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylethanolamine, and one unidentified lipid. Based on the polyphasic evidences, strain LBS5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Photobacterium for which Photobacterium panuliri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LBS5(T) (=DSM 27646(T) = LMG 27617(T) = JCM 19199(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Deep
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, 751 023, India
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Kumari P, Poddar A, Das SK. Marinomonas fungiae sp. nov., isolated from the coral Fungia echinata from the Andaman Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:487-494. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.054809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel aerobic marine bacterium, strain AN44T, was isolated from the coral Fungia echinata sampled from the Andaman Sea, India. Cells were Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped. Oxidase and catalase tests were positive. Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 5.5–10 and at 16–42 °C, with optimum growth at pH 7–8 and 28 °C. Strain AN44T grew in the presence of 0.5–11 % (w/v) NaCl; the optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3–5 %. The DNA G+C content was 47.8 mol%. Predominant cellular fatty acids of strain AN44T were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0, C10 : 0 3-OH, C12 : 0, C10 : 0, C14 : 0 and C18 : 0. The sole isoprenoid ubiquinone was Q-8. The polar lipids were an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AN44T clustered within the radiation of the genus
Marinomonas
and showed similarity of 97.9 % with
Marinomonas ostreistagni
UST010306-043T, 97.8 % with
Marinomonas aquimarina
11SM4T, 97.1 % with
Marinomonas brasilensis
R-40503T and 97.0 % with
Marinomonas communis
8T. However, DNA–DNA relatedness between strain AN44T and closely related type strains was well below 70 %. On the basis of the data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain AN44T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus
Marinomonas
, for which the name
Marinomonas
fungiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AN44T ( = JCM 18476T = LMG 27065T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabla Kumari
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar – 751 023, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar – 751 023, India
| | - Subrata K. Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar – 751 023, India
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Deep K, Poddar A, Das SK. Anoxybacillus suryakundensis sp. nov, a moderately thermophilic, alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from hot spring at Jharkhand, India. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85493. [PMID: 24376881 PMCID: PMC3869905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four closely related facultative anaerobe, moderately thermophilic, Gram positive rods (JS1(T), JS5, JS11, and JS15) were isolated from sediment samples from a hot spring at Suryakund, Jharkhand, India. Colonies were pale yellow, rough surface with uneven edges on TSA after 72 h incubation. Heterotrophic growth was observed at 40-60°C and pH 5.5-11.5; optimum growth occurred at 55°C and pH 7.5. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the strains belong to genus Anoxybacillus. DNA-DNA homology values among strains were above 70% and showed distinct ERIC and REP PCR profile. On the basis of morphology and biochemical characteristics, strain JS1(T) was studied further. Strain JS1(T) showed 99.30% sequence similarity with A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis, 99.23% with A. mongoliensis, 99.16% with A. eryuanensis, 98.74% with A. flavithermus subsp. flavithermus, 98.54% with A. tengchongensis, 98.51% with A. pushchinoensis, 97.91% with A. thermarum, 97.82% with A. kaynarcensis, 97.77% with A. ayderensis and A. kamchatkensis, 97.63% with A. salavatliensis, 97.55% with A. kestanbolensis, 97.48% with A. contaminans, 97.27% with A. gonensis and 97.17% with A. voinovskiensis. In 16S rRNA secondary structure based phylogenetic comparison, strain JS1(T) was clustered with Anoxybacillus eryuanensis, A. mongoliensis, and A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis and showed 15 species specific base substitutions with maximum variability in helix 6. Moreover, DNA-DNA relatedness between JS1(T) and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. The DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were C(15:0 iso), C(16:0 iso) and C(17:0iso). The polar lipids were a phosphatidylgylycerol, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylethnolamine, a phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine and four unknown lipids. Based on polyphasic approach, strain JS1(T) represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus for which Anoxybacillus suryakundensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JS1(T) (= DSM 27374(T) = LMG 27616(T) =JCM19211(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Deep
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhijit Poddar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata K. Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India
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18
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Poddar A, Lepcha RT, Das SK. Taxonomic study of the genus Tepidiphilus: transfer of Petrobacter succinatimandens to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. nov., emended description of the genus Tepidiphilus and description of Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from a terrestrial hot spring. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 64:228-235. [PMID: 24048864 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.056424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic analysis revealed significant similarities among strains of the genera Tepidiphilus and Petrobacter. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA relatedness of the type strains Tepidiphilus margaritifer N2-214(T) and Petrobacter succinatimandens 4BON(T) showed sequence similarity of 98.9 % and less than 40 % relatedness, indicating that these strains represent different species of same genus. Both strains had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Their fatty acid profiles were almost identical, with the predominant fatty acids C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. In view of this, we propose to transfer the member of the genus Petrobacter to the genus Tepidiphilus as Tepidiphilus succinatimandens comb. nov. and to emend the description of the genus Tepidiphilus. Further, a novel bacterium, strain JHK30(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at Jharkhand, India, and was identified following a polyphasic approach. Cells were non-sporulating, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative rods and motile by a single polar flagellum. Optimum temperature for growth was 50-55 °C at pH 6.5-7.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 99.71 % similarity with P. succinatimandens 4BON(T) ( = DSM 15512(T)) and 98.71 % with T. margaritifer N2-214(T) ( = DSM 15129(T)). However, DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JHK30(T) with these two type strains was well below 70 %. The DNA G+C base composition was 66.1 mol%. Strain JHK30(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidiphilus for which the name Tepidiphilus thermophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JHK30(T) ( = JCM 19170(T) = LMG 27587(T)= DSM 27220(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Poddar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
| | - Rinchen T Lepcha
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
| | - Subrata K Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
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19
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Poddar A, Tyagi J, Hawkins E, Opemuyi I. Standards of care provided by Early Pregnancy Assessment Units (EPAU): A UK-wide survey. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2011; 31:640-4. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.593650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Shaji J, Poddar A, Iyer S. Brain-Targeted Nasal Clonazepam Microspheres. Indian J Pharm Sci 2009; 71. [PMCID: PMC2846487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin-chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres of clonazepam were prepared using the emulsion cross linking method. Mirospheres were evaluated using the in vitro and ex vivo drug release patterns. In vivo CNS drug distribution studies were carried out in rats by administering the clonazepam microspheres intra-nasally and clonazepam solution intravenously. From the drug levels in plasma and CSF, drug targeting index and drug targeting efficiency were calculated. Results obtained indicated that intranasally administered clonazepam microspheres resulted in higher brain levels with a drug targeting index of 2.12. Gelatin-chitosan cross linked mucoadhesive microspheres have the potential to be developed as a brain-targeted drug delivery system for clonazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Shaji
- Prin. K. M. K. College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005, India,Address for correspondence E-mail:
| | - A. Poddar
- Prin. K. M. K. College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005, India
| | - S. Iyer
- Prin. K. M. K. College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai-400 005, India
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21
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22
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Manna T, Sarkar T, Poddar A, Roychowdhury M, Das KP, Bhattacharyya B. Chaperone-like activity of tubulin. binding and reactivation of unfolded substrate enzymes. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:39742-7. [PMID: 11509563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein tubulin is a heterodimer of two subunits, alpha and beta, and is a building block unit of microtubules. In a previous communication we demonstrated that tubulin possesses chaperone-like activities by preventing the stress-induced aggregation of various proteins (Guha, S., Manna, T. K., Das, K. P., and Bhattacharyya, B. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30077-30080). As an extension of this observation, we explored whether tubulin, like other known chaperones, also protected biological activity of proteins against thermal stress or increased the yields of active proteins during refolding from a denatured state. We show here that tubulin not only prevents the thermal aggregation of alcohol dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase but also protects them from loss of activity. We also show that tubulin prevents the aggregation of substrates during their refolding from a denatured state and forms a stable complex with denatured substrate. The activity of malic dehydrogenase, alpha-glucosidase, and lactate dehydrogenase during their refolding from urea or guanidium hydrochloride denatured states increased significantly in presence of tubulin compared with that without tubulin. These results suggest that tubulin, in addition to its role in mitosis, cell motility, and other cellular events, might be implicated in protein folding and protection from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manna
- Department of Biochemistry, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, Calcutta 700054, India
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23
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Sarkar T, Manna T, Bhattacharyya S, Mahapatra P, Poddar A, Roy S, Pena J, Solana R, Tarazona R, Bhattacharyya B. Role of the carboxy-termini of tubulin on its chaperone-like activity. Proteins 2001; 44:262-9. [PMID: 11455599 DOI: 10.1002/prot.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutational analysis and the enzymatic digestion of many chaperones indicate the importance of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues for their unique property. Thus, the chaperone activity of alpha-crystallin is lost due to the substitution of hydrophobic residues or upon enzymatic digestion of the negatively charged residues. Tubulin, an eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein, exhibits chaperone-like activity as demonstrated by prevention of DTT-induced aggregation of insulin, thermal aggregation of alcohol dehydrogenase, betagamma-crystallin, and other proteins. We have shown that the tubulin lost its chaperone-like activity upon digestion of its negatively charged C-termini. In this article, the role of the C-terminus of individual subunits has been investigated. We observe that the digestion of C-terminus of beta-subunit with subtilisin causes loss of chaperone-like activity of tubulin. The contribution of C-terminus of alpha-subunit is difficult to establish directly as subtilisin cleaves C-terminus of beta-subunit first. This has been ascertained indirectly using a 14-residue peptide P2 having the sequence corresponding to a conserved region of MHC class I molecules and that binds tightly to the C-terminus of alpha-subunit. We have shown that the binding of P2 peptide to alphabeta-tubulin causes complete loss of its chaperone-like activity. NMR and gel-electrophoresis studies indicate that the P2 peptide has a significant higher binding affinity for the C-terminus of alpha-subunit compared to that of beta-subunit. Thus, we conclude that both the C-termini are necessary for the chaperone-like activity of tubulin. Implications for the chaperone functions in vivo have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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24
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Gardner RD, Poddar A, Yellman C, Tavormina PA, Monteagudo MC, Burke DJ. The spindle checkpoint of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires kinetochore function and maps to the CBF3 domain. Genetics 2001; 157:1493-502. [PMID: 11290706 PMCID: PMC1461604 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/157.4.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have measured the activity of the spindle checkpoint in null mutants lacking kinetochore activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed deletion mutants for nonessential genes by one-step gene replacements. We constructed heterozygous deletions of one copy of essential genes in diploid cells and purified spores containing the deletion allele. In addition, we made gene fusions for three essential genes to target the encoded proteins for proteolysis (degron alleles). We determined that Ndc10p, Ctf13p, and Cep3p are required for checkpoint activity. In contrast, cells lacking Cbf1p, Ctf19p, Mcm21p, Slk19p, Cse4p, Mif2p, Mck1p, and Kar3p are checkpoint proficient. We conclude that the kinetochore plays a critical role in checkpoint signaling in S. cerevisiae. Spindle checkpoint activity maps to a discreet domain within the kinetochore and depends on the CBF3 protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Medical Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0733, USA
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25
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Ghosh SK, Poddar A, Hajra S, Sanyal K, Sinha P. The IML3/MCM19 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for a kinetochore-related process during chromosome segregation. Mol Genet Genomics 2001; 265:249-57. [PMID: 11361335 DOI: 10.1007/s004380000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mcm19 mutation in budding yeast affects minichromosome maintenance. In this work we have shown that this mutation leads to defects in the segregation of minichromosomes and chromosomes. The mutant cells show defective kinetochore function as judged by three criteria-- relaxation of the transcriptional block normally associated with a CEN box, stable maintenance of a dicentric plasmid in mutant cells, and mild sensitivity to the antimicrotubule drug benomyl. The MCM19 gene has been cloned and found to be the same as IML3, which codes for the ORF YBR107C. Deletion of the gene was not lethal, nor did it confer any growth defects on the mutant cells. However, the mcm19 null mutation conferred growth defects in the presence of a mutation in the TUB1 gene coding for alpha-tubulin. Two-hybrid experiments showed an interaction between Im13p/Mcm19p and the kinetochore protein Ch14, indicating that the Im13/Mcm19 protein has a role in kinetochore function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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26
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Choudhury P, Sukla AK, Mavi HS, Jain KP, Abbi SC, Mandal P, Poddar A, Das AN, Ghosh B. Raman study of the high-Tcsuperconductors ABa2Cu3O7-x(A=Y, Ho, Y0.1Gd0.9and Y0.9Sm0.1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/21/3/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Poddar A, Mandal P, Choudhury P, Das AN, Ghosh B. Superconductivity in ABa2Cu3O7-xcompounds, where A=(R1)x(R2)1-xand R1, R2=Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Zr and Nb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/21/17/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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29
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Chattaraj PK, Poddar A. Molecular Reactivity in the Ground and Excited Electronic States through Density-Dependent Local and Global Reactivity Parameters. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991214+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India
| | - A. Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India
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31
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Abstract
The minichromosome maintenance genes, MCM21 and MCM22, have been cloned and are shown to code for the ORFs YDR318W and YJR135C respectively. Mutations in these genes caused a decrease in the stability of the minichromosome. This decrease in stability was associated with an increase in the copy number of the minichromosome in cells carrying it. Small circular dicentric plasmids were maintained relatively stably and structurally intact in the mutants compared with the wild-type strain. In the latter, such plasmids were mitotically unstable and, upon recovery, showed frequent rearrangements of their DNA. A centromere offered less obstruction to transcription in mutant cells than in the wild type, showing that both these mutants had a more relaxed kinetochore assembly. The mutant strains showed elevated rates of chromosome loss but not those of recombination. Both the mutations caused the cells to display a higher sensitivity towards the anti-mitotic drug benomyl. All these observations suggest that MCM21 and MCM22 are important for chromosome segregation with a potential role in kinetochore function. These genes are non-essential, as their deletions from chromosomes did not cause loss of cell viability. However, exponentially growing mutant cells carrying the deletion of the MCM21 gene had a significant population of large-budded cells with a single nucleus at the neck. Furthermore, the DNA content of these cells showed a shift towards 2N, suggesting a temporary pause of cells in G2 or in an early phase of mitosis. The mcm21 and mcm22 mutations do not show synthetic lethality or any further enhancement of growth defects, implying that they could be carrying out non-overlapping functions in chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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32
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Chattaraj PK, Poddar A. A Density Functional Treatment of Chemical Reactivity and the Associated Electronic Structure Principles in the Excited Electronic States. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982734s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - A. Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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33
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Abstract
This review summarizes the current data regarding the mechanisms by which two mammalian neurokinins (tachykinins), substance P (SP) and neurokinin-A (NK-A) are involved in hematopoiesis. SP and NK-A are derived from the preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I) gene which can be induced by cytokines and neurotrophic factors. In the bone marrow (BM), nerve fibers and stroma are potential sources for the PPT-I gene products. SP and NK-A interact with either of three cloned receptors, neurokinin-1 (NK-1), NK-2 or NK-3, although SP and NK-A exhibit binding preferences for NK-1 and NK-2 respectively. Through specific receptors, SP and NK-A exert dichotomous hematopoietic effects mediated mostly by the BM stroma. SP enhances the proliferation of primitive BM stem cells and progenitors and these effects correlate with the induction of stimulatory hematopoietic growth factors. NK-A appears to be protective to stem cells through the induction of TGF-beta. Proliferation of myeloid progenitors is inhibited by NK-A, effects which correlate with the induction of two suppressive factors, TGF-beta and MIP-1alpha. Stimulation of NK-2 leads to partial blunting of the enhanced stimulatory effects mediated by NK-1. Furthermore, stimulatory hematopoietic cytokines upregulate NK-1 expression and downregulate the constitutively expressed NK-2 in BM stroma. Together, the experimental evidence suggests that NK-A-NK-2 interactions could be a feedback to hematopoietic stimulation. Expression of NK-1 and NK-2 in CD34+ cell lines and also, the presence of SP binding sites on primary CD34+ cells suggest that the neurokinins could be interacting directly with BM progenitors and stem cells. In BM stroma, cytokines and neurokinins regulate the expression of each other and also, their respective receptors. In summary, the current literature pertaining to hematopoietic regulation indicates the involvement of a complex network that includes, but not exclusive of the cytokines and neurokinins. The current models that pertain to stem cell proliferation and differentiation should therefore add neuropeptides to the list of hematopoietic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshwar
- UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Department of Medicine- Hematology, Newark, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Mini-chromosome-maintenance (mcm) mutants were described earlier as yeast mutants which could not stably maintain mini-chromosomes. Out of these, the ARS-specific class has been more extensively studied and is found to lose chromosomes and mini-chromosomes due to a defect in the initiation of DNA replication at yeast ARSs. In the present study we have identified a number of mcm mutants which show size-dependent loss of mini-chromosomes. When the size of the mini-chromosome was increased, from about 15 kb to about 60 kb, there was a dramatic increase in its mitotic stability in these mutants, but not in the ARS-specific class of mutants. One mutant, mcm17, belonging to the size-dependent class was further characterized. In this mutant, cells carried mini-chromosomes in significantly elevated copy numbers, suggesting a defect in segregation. This defect was largely suppressed in the 60-kb mini-chromosome. A non-centromeric plasmid, the TRP1ARS1 circle, was not affected in its maintenance. This mutant also displayed enhanced chromosome-III loss during mitosis over the wild-type strain, without elevating mitotic recombination. Cloning and sequencing of MCM17 has shown it to be the same as CHL4, a gene required for chromosome stability. This gene is non-essential for growth, as its disruption or deletion from the chromosome did not affect the growth-rate of cells at 23 degrees C or 37 degrees C. This work suggests that centromere-directed segregation of a chromosome in yeast is strongly influenced by its length.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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35
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Rameshwar P, Poddar A, Zhu G, Gascón P. Receptor induction regulates the synergistic effects of substance P with IL-1 and platelet-derived growth factor on the proliferation of bone marrow fibroblasts. J Immunol 1997; 158:3417-24. [PMID: 9120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) stimulates CFU in bone marrow (BM) cultures. Although the methylcellulose matrix used in these assays does not provide an appropriate substratum to support adherent-dependent cells, we have observed that cultures containing optimal SP (10(-8)-10(-10) M) develop confluent areas of reticular/fibroblastoid-like cells with CFUs predominantly localized within their vicinity. Characterization (cytochemical and immunofluorescence) of the reticular/fibroblastoid-like cells indicated that they were fibroblasts, the major constituent of the BM stroma. Hemopoietic effects by SP are mediated by the stroma that expresses SP receptors. We studied the effects of SP (10(-7)-10(-11) M) with suboptimal platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB; 5 ng/ml) and IL-1alpha (2 ng/ml), two fibrogenic cytokines, and also hemopoietic regulators. SP by itself and in synergy with either cytokine induced fibroblast proliferation. At optimum SP, IL-1alpha induced 1.6 times the proliferation of PDGF-BB (87 +/- 7 vs 55 +/- 5; n = 12; p < 0.05). The effects of SP were blunted by a specific neurokinin-1 antagonist. Scatchard analysis indicated that SP binds to BM fibroblasts with an approximate Kd of 5 nM. SP induced steady state mRNA for IL-1 receptor IL-1RI and PDGF-BB (PDGF-AR, PDGF-BR) receptors by 7.5-, 6.2-, and 10.5-fold, respectively. Their up-regulation may be partly responsible for the synergistic effects of SP and their ligands. Induction (3-fold) of neurokinin-1 mRNA by IL-1alpha compared with no induction by PDGF-BB may explain the preferred synergism between SP and IL-1alpha. This study indicates that induction of SP, IL-1alpha, and PDGF-BB receptors is important to their synergistic effects on BM fibroblast proliferation. These results bring new insights into stroma-mediated hemopoietic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
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36
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Rameshwar P, Poddar A, Zhu G, Gascón P. Receptor induction regulates the synergistic effects of substance P with IL-1 and platelet-derived growth factor on the proliferation of bone marrow fibroblasts. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.7.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) stimulates CFU in bone marrow (BM) cultures. Although the methylcellulose matrix used in these assays does not provide an appropriate substratum to support adherent-dependent cells, we have observed that cultures containing optimal SP (10(-8)-10(-10) M) develop confluent areas of reticular/fibroblastoid-like cells with CFUs predominantly localized within their vicinity. Characterization (cytochemical and immunofluorescence) of the reticular/fibroblastoid-like cells indicated that they were fibroblasts, the major constituent of the BM stroma. Hemopoietic effects by SP are mediated by the stroma that expresses SP receptors. We studied the effects of SP (10(-7)-10(-11) M) with suboptimal platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB; 5 ng/ml) and IL-1alpha (2 ng/ml), two fibrogenic cytokines, and also hemopoietic regulators. SP by itself and in synergy with either cytokine induced fibroblast proliferation. At optimum SP, IL-1alpha induced 1.6 times the proliferation of PDGF-BB (87 +/- 7 vs 55 +/- 5; n = 12; p < 0.05). The effects of SP were blunted by a specific neurokinin-1 antagonist. Scatchard analysis indicated that SP binds to BM fibroblasts with an approximate Kd of 5 nM. SP induced steady state mRNA for IL-1 receptor IL-1RI and PDGF-BB (PDGF-AR, PDGF-BR) receptors by 7.5-, 6.2-, and 10.5-fold, respectively. Their up-regulation may be partly responsible for the synergistic effects of SP and their ligands. Induction (3-fold) of neurokinin-1 mRNA by IL-1alpha compared with no induction by PDGF-BB may explain the preferred synergism between SP and IL-1alpha. This study indicates that induction of SP, IL-1alpha, and PDGF-BB receptors is important to their synergistic effects on BM fibroblast proliferation. These results bring new insights into stroma-mediated hemopoietic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
| | - A Poddar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
| | - G Zhu
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
| | - P Gascón
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA
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Keshri S, Mandal JB, Mandal P, Poddar A, Das AN, Ghosh B. Thermoelectric power of Tl2Ba2Ca1-xYxCu2O8+y (0 <= x <= 0.6) samples. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:9048-9054. [PMID: 10004955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Mandal JB, Keshri S, Mandal P, Poddar A, Das AN, Ghosh B. Thermoelectric power of the Bi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2O8+y (x=0-1.0) system. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:11840-11846. [PMID: 10003080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.11840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Poddar A, Mandal P, Das AN, Ghosh B, Choudhury P. Effect of carrier concentration on the normal transport properties and the superconducting transition temperature in the Tl2Ba2Ca1-xYxCu2O8+y system. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 44:2757-2761. [PMID: 9999847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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40
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Mandal P, Poddar A, Ghosh B, Choudhury P. Variation of Tc and transport properties with carrier concentration in Y- and Pb-doped Bi-based superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:13102-13111. [PMID: 9997132 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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41
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Mandal P, Poddar A, Das AN, Ghosh B, Choudhury P. Hall effect of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O systems. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 40:730-733. [PMID: 9990968 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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42
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Mandal P, Poddar A, Das AN, Chakraborty A, Ghosh B, Choudhury P, Lahiri SK. Magnetoresistance and thermoelectric power of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 38:9205-9208. [PMID: 9945713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.9205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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