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Larsen TJ, Jahan I, Brock DA, Strassmann JE, Queller DC. Reduced social function in experimentally evolved Dictyostelium discoideum implies selection for social conflict in nature. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231722. [PMID: 38113942 PMCID: PMC10730294 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbes interact with one another, but the difficulty of directly observing these interactions in nature makes interpreting their adaptive value complicated. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum forms aggregates wherein some cells are sacrificed for the benefit of others. Within chimaeric aggregates containing multiple unrelated lineages, cheaters can gain an advantage by undercontributing, but the extent to which wild D. discoideum has adapted to cheat is not fully clear. In this study, we experimentally evolved D. discoideum in an environment where there were no selective pressures to cheat or resist cheating in chimaeras. Dictyostelium discoideum lines grown in this environment evolved reduced competitiveness within chimaeric aggregates and reduced ability to migrate during the slug stage. By contrast, we did not observe a reduction in cell number, a trait for which selection was not relaxed. The observed loss of traits that our laboratory conditions had made irrelevant suggests that these traits were adaptations driven and maintained by selective pressures D. discoideum faces in its natural environment. Our results suggest that D. discoideum faces social conflict in nature, and illustrate a general approach that could be applied to searching for social or non-social adaptations in other microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Larsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debra A. Brock
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan E. Strassmann
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David C. Queller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Schaible GA, Jay ZJ, Cliff J, Schulz F, Gauvin C, Goudeau D, Malmstrom RR, Emil Ruff S, Edgcomb V, Hatzenpichler R. Multicellular magnetotactic bacterial consortia are metabolically differentiated and not clonal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568837. [PMID: 38076927 PMCID: PMC10705294 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Consortia of multicellular magnetotactic bacteria (MMB) are currently the only known example of bacteria without a unicellular stage in their life cycle. Because of their recalcitrance to cultivation, most previous studies of MMB have been limited to microscopic observations. To study the biology of these unique organisms in more detail, we use multiple culture-independent approaches to analyze the genomics and physiology of MMB consortia at single cell resolution. We separately sequenced the metagenomes of 22 individual MMB consortia, representing eight new species, and quantified the genetic diversity within each MMB consortium. This revealed that, counter to conventional views, cells within MMB consortia are not clonal. Single consortia metagenomes were then used to reconstruct the species-specific metabolic potential and infer the physiological capabilities of MMB. To validate genomic predictions, we performed stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments and interrogated MMB consortia using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). By coupling FISH with bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) we explored their in situ activity as well as variation of protein synthesis within cells. We demonstrate that MMB consortia are mixotrophic sulfate reducers and that they exhibit metabolic differentiation between individual cells, suggesting that MMB consortia are more complex than previously thought. These findings expand our understanding of MMB diversity, ecology, genomics, and physiology, as well as offer insights into the mechanisms underpinning the multicellular nature of their unique lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Schaible
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Zackary J. Jay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - John Cliff
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Frederik Schulz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Colin Gauvin
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Danielle Goudeau
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Rex R. Malmstrom
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - S. Emil Ruff
- Ecosystems Center and Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543
| | | | - Roland Hatzenpichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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3
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Shimoshige H, Kobayashi H, Shimamura S, Miyazaki M, Maekawa T. Fundidesulfovibrio magnetotacticus sp. nov., a sulphate-reducing magnetotactic bacterium, isolated from sediments and freshwater of a pond. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A sulphate-reducing magnetotactic bacterium, designated strain FSS-1T, was isolated from sediments and freshwater of Suwa Pond located in Hidaka, Saitama, Japan. Strain FSS-1T was a motile, Gram-negative and curved rod-shaped bacterium that synthesizes bullet-shaped magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in each cell. Strain FSS-1T was able to grow in the range of pH 6.5–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 22–34 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and with 0–8.0 g l−1 NaCl (optimum, 0–2.0 g l−1 NaCl). Strain FSS-1T grew well in the presence of 50 µM ferric quinate as an iron source. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The major menaquinone was MK-7 (H2). Strain FSS-1T contained desulfoviridin, cytochrome c
3 and catalase, but did not contain oxidase. Strain FSS-1T used fumarate, lactate, pyruvate, malate, formate/acetate, succinate, tartrate, ethanol, 1-propanol, peptone, soytone and yeast extract as electron donors, while the strain used sulphate, thiosulphate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Fumarate was fermented in the absence of electron acceptors. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain FSS-1T is a member of the genus
Fundidesulfovibrio
. The gene sequence showed 96.7, 95.0, 92.0, 91.2 and 91.4% similarities to the most closely related members of the genera
Fundidesulfovibrio putealis
B7-43T,
Fundidesulfovibrio butyratiphilus
BSYT,
Desulfolutivibrio sulfoxidireducens
DSM 107105T,
Desulfolutivibrio sulfodismutans
ThAc01T and
Solidesulfovibrio magneticus
RS-1T, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain FSS-1T was 67.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain FSS-1T and
F. putealis
B7-43T was 80.7 %. Therefore, strain FSS-1T represents a novel species within the genus
Fundidesulfovibrio
, for which the name Fundidesulfovibrio magnetotacticus sp. nov. is proposed (=JCM 32405T=DSM 110007T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shimoshige
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimamura
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyazaki
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350- 15 8585, Japan
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
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Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100789. [PMID: 36290927 PMCID: PMC9599632 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.
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Schaible GA, Kohtz AJ, Cliff J, Hatzenpichler R. Correlative SIP-FISH-Raman-SEM-NanoSIMS links identity, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology of environmental microbes. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:52. [PMID: 37938730 PMCID: PMC9723565 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are commonly applied to study microbial cells but are typically used on separate samples, resulting in population-level datasets that are integrated across different cells with little spatial resolution. To address this shortcoming, we developed a workflow that correlates several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to generate an in-depth analysis of individual cells. By combining stable isotope probing (SIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal Raman microspectroscopy (Raman), and nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), we illustrate how individual cells can be thoroughly interrogated to obtain information about their taxonomic identity, structure, physiology, and metabolic activity. Analysis of an artificial microbial community demonstrated that our correlative approach was able to resolve the activity of single cells using heavy water SIP in conjunction with Raman and/or NanoSIMS and establish their taxonomy and morphology using FISH and SEM. This workflow was then applied to a sample of yet uncultured multicellular magnetotactic bacteria (MMB). In addition to establishing their identity and activity, backscatter electron microscopy (BSE), NanoSIMS, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize the magnetosomes within the cells. By integrating these techniques, we demonstrate a cohesive approach to thoroughly study environmental microbes on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Schaible
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Anthony J Kohtz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John Cliff
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Roland Hatzenpichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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6
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Chen S, Yu M, Zhang W, He K, Pan H, Cui K, Zhao Y, Zhang XH, Xiao T, Zhang W, Wu LF. Metagenomic and Microscopic Analysis of Magnetotactic Bacteria in Tangyin Hydrothermal Field of Okinawa Trough. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:887136. [PMID: 35756025 PMCID: PMC9226615 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.887136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have been found in a wide variety of marine habitats, ranging from intertidal sediments to deep-sea seamounts. Deep-sea hydrothermal fields are rich in metal sulfides, which are suitable areas for the growth of MTB. However, MTB in hydrothermal fields have never been reported. Here, the presence of MTB in sediments from the Tangyin hydrothermal field was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis, metagenomics, and transmission electron microscopy. Sequencing 16S rRNA gene yielded a total of 709 MTB sequences belonging to 20 OTUs, affiliated with Desulfobacterota, Alphaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae. Three shapes of magnetofossil were identified by transmission electron microscopy: elongated-prismatic, bullet-shaped, and cuboctahedron. All of these structures were composed of Fe3O4. A total of 121 sequences were found to be homologous to the published MTB magnetosome-function-related genes, and relevant domains were identified. Further analysis revealed that diverse MTB are present in the Tangyin hydrothermal field, and that multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote (MMPs) might be the dominant MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yu
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuang He
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yicong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
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7
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Magnetotactic bacteria and magnetofossils: ecology, evolution and environmental implications. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:43. [PMID: 35650214 PMCID: PMC9160268 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of phylogenetically diverse and morphologically varied microorganisms with a magnetoresponsive capability called magnetotaxis or microbial magnetoreception. MTB are a distinctive constituent of the microbiome of aquatic ecosystems because they use Earth's magnetic field to align themselves in a north or south facing direction and efficiently navigate to their favored microenvironments. They have been identified worldwide from diverse aquatic and waterlogged microbiomes, including freshwater, saline, brackish and marine ecosystems, and some extreme environments. MTB play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of iron, sulphur, phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen in nature and have been recognized from in vitro cultures to sequester heavy metals like selenium, cadmium, and tellurium, which makes them prospective candidate organisms for aquatic pollution bioremediation. The role of MTB in environmental systems is not limited to their lifespan; after death, fossil magnetosomal magnetic nanoparticles (known as magnetofossils) are a promising proxy for recording paleoenvironmental change and geomagnetic field history. Here, we summarize the ecology, evolution, and environmental function of MTB and the paleoenvironmental implications of magnetofossils in light of recent discoveries.
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8
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A Novel Isolate of Spherical Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes Has Two Magnetosome Gene Clusters and Synthesizes Both Magnetite and Greigite Crystals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050925. [PMID: 35630369 PMCID: PMC9145555 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a unique group of magnetotactic bacteria that are composed of 10–100 individual cells and show coordinated swimming along magnetic field lines. MMPs produce nanometer-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) and/or greigite (Fe3S4) crystals—termed magnetosomes. Two types of magnetosome gene cluster (MGC) that regulate biomineralization of magnetite and greigite have been found. Here, we describe a dominant spherical MMP (sMMP) species collected from the intertidal sediments of Jinsha Bay, in the South China Sea. The sMMPs were 4.78 ± 0.67 μm in diameter, comprised 14–40 cells helical symmetrically, and contained bullet-shaped magnetite and irregularly shaped greigite magnetosomes. Two sets of MGCs, one putatively related to magnetite biomineralization and the other to greigite biomineralization, were identified in the genome of the sMMP, and two sets of paralogous proteins (Mam and Mad) that may function separately and independently in magnetosome biomineralization were found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sMMPs were affiliated with Deltaproteobacteria. This is the first direct report of two types of magnetosomes and two sets of MGCs being detected in the same sMMP. The study provides new insights into the mechanism of biomineralization of magnetosomes in MMPs, and the evolutionary origin of MGCs.
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9
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Park Y, Faivre D. Diversity of Microbial Metal Sulfide Biomineralization. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100457. [PMID: 34898036 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of life on Earth, microorganisms have contributed to biogeochemical cycles. Sulfate-reducing bacteria are an example of widespread microorganisms that participate in the metal and sulfur cycles by biomineralization of biogenic metal sulfides. In this work, we review the microbial biomineralization of metal sulfide particles and summarize distinctive features from exemplary cases. We highlight that metal sulfide biomineralization is highly metal- and organism-specific. The properties of metal sulfide biominerals depend on the degree of cellular control and on environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, and concentration of metals. Moreover, biogenic macromolecules, including peptides and proteins, help cells control their extracellular and intracellular environments that regulate biomineralization. Accordingly, metal sulfide biominerals exhibit unique features when compared to abiotic minerals or biominerals produced by dead cell debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Park
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Damien Faivre
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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10
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Occurrence of south- and north-seeking multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes in a coastal lagoon in the South Hemisphere. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:309-323. [PMID: 34738176 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) response to the magnetic field can be classified into north-seeking (NS) and south-seeking (SS), which usually depends on their inhabiting site in the North and South Hemisphere, respectively. However, uncommon inverted polarity was observed on both hemispheres. Here, we studied magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs) from a coastal lagoon in Brazil collected in April and August 2014. MMPs from the first sampling period presented both magnetotactic behaviors, while MMPs collected in August/2014 were only SS. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA coding gene showed that these organisms belong to the Deltaproteobacteria class. The 16S rRNA gene sequences varied among MMPs regardless of the sampling period, and similarity values were not related to the type of magnetotactic response presented by the microorganisms. Therefore, differences in the magnetotactic behavior might result from the physiological state of MMPs, the availability of resources, or the instability of the chemical gradient in the environment. This is the first report of NS magnetotactic behavior on MMPs from the South Hemisphere.
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11
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Keim CN, da Silva DM, de Melo RD, Acosta-Avalos D, Farina M, de Barros HL. Swimming behavior of the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' near solid boundaries and natural magnetic grains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1899-1913. [PMID: 34478018 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The magnetotactic yet uncultured species 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is a spherical, multicellular ensemble of bacterial cells able to align along magnetic field lines while swimming propelled by flagella. Magnetotaxis is due to intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound magnetic crystals called magnetosomes. The net magnetic moment of magnetosomes interacts with local magnetic fields, imparting the whole microorganism a torque. Previous works investigated 'Ca. M. multicellularis' behavior when free swimming in water; however, they occur in sediments where bumping into solid particles must be routine. In this work, we investigate the swimming trajectories of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' close to solid boundaries using video microscopy. We applied magnetic fields 0.25-8.0 mT parallel to the optical axis of a light microscope, such that microorganisms were driven upwards towards a coverslip. Because their swimming trajectories approach cylindrical helixes, circular profiles would be expected. Nevertheless, at fields 0.25-1.1 mT, most trajectory projections were roughly sinusoidal, and net movements were approximately perpendicular to applied magnetic fields. Closed loops appeared in some trajectory projections at 1.1 mT, which could indicate a transition to the loopy profiles observed at magnetic fields ≥ 2.15 mT. The behavior of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' near natural magnetic grains showed that they were temporarily trapped by the particle's magnetic field but could reverse the direction of movement to flee away. Our results show that interactions of 'Ca. M. multicellularis with solid boundaries and magnetic grains are complex and possibly involve mechano-taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Keim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Mendes da Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roger Duarte de Melo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
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12
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Ehrlich H, Bailey E, Wysokowski M, Jesionowski T. Forced Biomineralization: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:46. [PMID: 34287234 PMCID: PMC8293141 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically induced and controlled mineralization of metals promotes the development of protective structures to shield cells from thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet stresses. Metal biomineralization is widely considered to have been relevant for the survival of life in the environmental conditions of ancient terrestrial oceans. Similar behavior is seen among extremophilic biomineralizers today, which have evolved to inhabit a variety of industrial aqueous environments with elevated metal concentrations. As an example of extreme biomineralization, we introduce the category of "forced biomineralization", which we use to refer to the biologically mediated sequestration of dissolved metals and metalloids into minerals. We discuss forced mineralization as it is known to be carried out by a variety of organisms, including polyextremophiles in a range of psychrophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic conditions, as well as in environments with very high or toxic metal ion concentrations. While much additional work lies ahead to characterize the various pathways by which these biominerals form, forced biomineralization has been shown to provide insights for the progression of extreme biomimetics, allowing for promising new forays into creating the next generation of composites using organic-templating approaches under biologically extreme laboratory conditions relevant to a wide range of industrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre for Climate Change Research, Toronto, ON M4P 1J4, Canada
- ICUBE-University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bailey
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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13
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Shimoshige H, Kobayashi H, Shimamura S, Mizuki T, Inoue A, Maekawa T. Isolation and cultivation of a novel sulfate-reducing magnetotactic bacterium belonging to the genus Desulfovibrio. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248313. [PMID: 33705469 PMCID: PMC7951924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize magnetosomes composed of membrane-enveloped magnetite (Fe3O4) and/or greigite (Fe3S4) nanoparticles in the cells. It is known that the magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria are ubiquitous and inhabit worldwide in the sediments of freshwater and marine environments. Mostly known MTB belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria are dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that biomineralize bullet-shaped magnetite nanoparticles, but only a few axenic cultures have been obtained so far. Here, we report the isolation, cultivation and characterization of a dissimilatory sulfate-reducing magnetotactic bacterium, which we designate “strain FSS-1”. We found that the strain FSS-1 is a strict anaerobe and uses casamino acids as electron donors and sulfate as an electron acceptor to reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. The strain FSS-1 produced bullet-shaped magnetite nanoparticles in the cells and responded to external magnetic fields. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain FSS-1 is a member of the genus Desulfovibrio, showing a 96.7% sequence similarity to Desulfovibrio putealis strain B7-43T. Futhermore, the magnetosome gene cluster of strain FSS-1 was different from that of Desulfovibrio magneticus strain RS-1. Thus, the strain FSS-1 is considered to be a novel sulfate-reducing magnetotactic bacterium belonging to the genus Desulfovibrio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shimoshige
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TM); (HS)
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimamura
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuki
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TM); (HS)
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14
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Busigny V, Mathon FP, Jézéquel D, Bidaud CC, Viollier E, Bardoux G, Bourrand JJ, Benzerara K, Duprat E, Menguy N, Monteil CL, Lefevre CT. Mass collection of magnetotactic bacteria from the permanently stratified ferruginous Lake Pavin, France. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:721-736. [PMID: 33687779 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining high biomass yields of specific microorganisms for culture-independent approaches is a challenge faced by scientists studying organism's recalcitrant to laboratory conditions and culture. This difficulty is highly decreased when studying magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) since their unique behaviour allows their enrichment and purification from other microorganisms present in aquatic environments. Here, we use Lake Pavin, a permanently stratified lake in the French Massif Central, as a natural laboratory to optimize collection and concentration of MTB that thrive in the water column and sediments. A method is presented to separate MTB from highly abundant abiotic magnetic particles in the sediment of this crater lake. For the water column, different sampling approaches are compared such as in situ collection using a Niskin bottle and online pumping. By monitoring several physicochemical parameters of the water column, we identify the ecological niche where MTB live. Then, by focusing our sampling at the peak of MTB abundance, we show that the online pumping system is the most efficient for fast recovering of large volumes of water at a high spatial resolution, which is necessary considering the sharp physicochemical gradients observed in the water column. Taking advantage of aerotactic and magnetic MTB properties, we present an efficient method for MTB concentration from large volumes of water. Our methodology represents a first step for further multidisciplinary investigations of the diversity, metagenomic and ecology of MTB populations in Lake Pavin and elsewhere, as well as chemical and isotopic analyses of their magnetosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Busigny
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - François P Mathon
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Didier Jézéquel
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,INRAE & Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, 74200, France
| | - Cécile C Bidaud
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Eric Viollier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Gérard Bardoux
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bourrand
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Elodie Duprat
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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15
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Sepulchro AGV, de Barros HL, de Mota HOL, Berbereia KS, Huamani KPT, Lopes LCDS, Sudbrack V, Acosta-Avalos D. Magnetoreception in multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes: a new analysis of escape motility trajectories in different magnetic fields. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:609-617. [PMID: 33033886 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic microorganisms can be found as unicellular prokaryotes, as cocci, vibrions, spirilla and rods, and as multicellular organisms. Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes are magnetotactic microorganisms composed by several magnetotactic bacteria organized almost in a spherical helix, and one of the most studied is Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis. Several studies have shown that Ca. M. multicellularis displays forms of behavior not well explained by magnetotaxis. One of these is escape motility, also known as "ping-pong" motion. Studies done in the past associated the "ping-pong" motion to some magnetoreceptive behavior, but those studies were never replicated. In the present manuscript a characterization of escape motility trajectories of Ca. M. multicellularis was done for several magnetic fields, considering that this microorganism swims in cylindrical helical trajectories. It was observed that the escape motility can be separated into three phases: (I) when the microorganism jumps from the drop border, (II) where the microorganism moves almost perpendicular to the magnetic field and (III) when the microorganism returns to the drop border. The total time of the whole escape motility, the time spent in phase II and the displacement distance in phase I decreases when the magnetic field increases. Our results show that the escape motility has several characteristics that depend on the magnetic field and cannot be understood by magnetotaxis, with a magnetoreceptive mechanism being the best explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Veiga Sepulchro
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Henrique Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF, rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Henrique Oliveira Leiras de Mota
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n-Bela Vista, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen Shiroiva Berbereia
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário da UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Katterine Patricia Taipe Huamani
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), calle Germán Amézaga 375, Cuidad Universitaria, Lima 1, Perú
| | - Lis Carneiro da Silva Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n-Bela Vista, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor Sudbrack
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (IFT/UNESP), Rua Dr Teobaldo Ferraz 271, São Paulo, SP, 01140-070, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas-CBPF, rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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16
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Sales MVG, Lima BS, Acosta-Avalos D. U-turn time and velocity dependence on the wavelength of light: multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes of different sizes behave differently. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2020; 49:633-642. [PMID: 33094363 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' is a multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote found in the Araruama lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This microorganism shows a photokinesis that depends on the incident light wavelength, but that dependence can be canceled by the presence of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. The present manuscript has as its aim to study the effect of light wavelength and RF fields on the U-turn time of 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis', a behavior more related to magnetotaxis. As the experiments were performed during the night, the microorganisms were greater in size than normal, indicating that they were in the process of division. Our results show that when normal in size, the microorganism's U-turn time is modified by the light wavelength (lower for blue light than for green and red light), but RF fields do not affect that U-turn time dependence on the light wavelength. For the microorganism in the process of division, we describe for the first time how the photokinesis and U-turn time dependence on the light wavelength disappear. It is proposed that methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins are involved in that light wavelength dependence for the U-turn time, but still more studies are necessary to understand how RF fields cancel the photokinesis light wavelength dependence, but do not affect the dependence of the U-turn time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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17
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Haghighatian S, Mazarei E, Doroodmand MM, Klein A, Memarpoor-Yazdi M. A new whole-cell biocatalyst for sulfur dioxide filtering and degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123755. [PMID: 32623286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction of the magnetotactic bacterium with sulfite compounds and their potential to degrade SO2 was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), molecular emission cavity analysis (MECA) and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC). This biofilter was able to degrade SO2 up to 22281 mg m-3 by disproportionation reaction and the formation of S2- and SO42- with ≥99% efficiency. Designed biofilter was able to restart the initial performance at least after seven cycles if it was used at 14-day intervals. According to theoretical studies, the value of mean free energy (E) obtained using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model was 0.02 kJ mol-1, which is in the range expected for physical adsorption. Designed biofilter can be considered as a powerful tool to degrade SO2 in diverse urban and industrial centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Haghighatian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mazarei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
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18
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Oren A, Garrity GM, Parker CT, Chuvochina M, Trujillo ME. Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3956-4042. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We here present annotated lists of names of Candidatus taxa of prokaryotes with ranks between subspecies and class, proposed between the mid-1990s, when the provisional status of Candidatus taxa was first established, and the end of 2018. Where necessary, corrected names are proposed that comply with the current provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and its Orthography appendix. These lists, as well as updated lists of newly published names of Candidatus taxa with additions and corrections to the current lists to be published periodically in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, may serve as the basis for the valid publication of the Candidatus names if and when the current proposals to expand the type material for naming of prokaryotes to also include gene sequences of yet-uncultivated taxa is accepted by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George M. Garrity
- NamesforLife, LLC, PO Box 769, Okemos MI 48805-0769, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
| | | | - Maria Chuvochina
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martha E. Trujillo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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19
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Amor M, Mathon FP, Monteil CL, Busigny V, Lefevre CT. Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3611-3632. [PMID: 32452098 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that incorporate iron from their environment to synthesize intracellular nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) in a genetically controlled manner. Magnetite and greigite magnetic phases allow MTB to swim towards redox transition zones where they thrive. MTB may represent some of the oldest microorganisms capable of synthesizing minerals on Earth and have been proposed to significantly impact the iron biogeochemical cycle by immobilizing soluble iron into crystals that subsequently fossilize in sedimentary rocks. In the present article, we describe the distribution of MTB in the environment and discuss the possible function of the magnetite and greigite nanoparticles. We then provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms leading to iron mineralization in MTB. Finally, we update the methods used for the detection of MTB crystals in sedimentary rocks and present their occurrences in the geological record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - François P Mathon
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France.,Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Vincent Busigny
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, CNRS, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Christopher T Lefevre
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, F-13108, France
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20
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Koziaeva VV, Alekseeva LM, Uzun MM, Leão P, Sukhacheva MV, Patutina EO, Kolganova TV, Grouzdev DS. Biodiversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria in the Freshwater Lake Beloe Bordukovskoe, Russia. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626172003008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Memarpoor-Yazdi M, Haghighatian S, Doroodmand MM, Derakhshandeh A, Moezzi MS. Introducing a bioelectrochemical method for highly selective enumeration of magnetotactic bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8522. [PMID: 32444683 PMCID: PMC7244547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed an electrochemical (potentiometric) method to enumerate magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) during its coupling with iodometric titration to obtain a selective, precise and rapid counting system. Oxygen was considered as an important factor for the orientation and movement of MTB towards the magnet-modified indicator electrode. In the direct potentiometry, a linear correlation was detected between potentiometric response and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. By the increase of the DO concentration, potential difference would increase in the range of 4.0 to 20.0 parts per million (ppm) at different pressure conditions. The reliability of the O2 bio-sensing feature provides a selective MTB-based cell enumeration methodology based on indirect potentiometric titration. Furthermore, a five-minute H2-purging resulted in an increase of potentiometric response sensitivity arising from the decrease in DO concentration of the electrolyte solution. Results were also investigated by zeta potential difference, which show the effect of charge density of MTB in presence of DO. Zeta potential was increased proportionally by addition of the MTB population. Regarding the reliability of the suggested method, data obtained by the designed system showed no statistical difference from those obtained by the most common procedure in microbiology for enumeration of bacteria, known as colony forming unit (CFU) method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Moezzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Qian X, Santini C, Kosta A, Menguy N, Le Guenno H, Zhang W, Li J, Chen Y, Liu J, Alberto F, Espinosa L, Xiao T, Wu L. Juxtaposed membranes underpin cellular adhesion and display unilateral cell division of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1481-1494. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Xin Qian
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
| | - Claire‐Lise Santini
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Microscopy Core Facility, FR3479 IMM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University Marseille France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC 75005 Paris France
| | - Hugo Le Guenno
- Microscopy Core Facility, FR3479 IMM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University Marseille France
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jinhua Li
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yi‐Ran Chen
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jia Liu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - François Alberto
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
| | - Leon Espinosa
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
| | - Tian Xiao
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Long‐Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA‐MagMC), CNRS‐CAS Marseille 13402 France
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Zhang WJ, Wu LF. Flagella and Swimming Behavior of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030460. [PMID: 32188162 PMCID: PMC7175107 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine environments are generally characterized by low bulk concentrations of nutrients that are susceptible to steady or intermittent motion driven by currents and local turbulence. Marine bacteria have therefore developed strategies, such as very fast-swimming and the exploitation of multiple directional sensing–response systems in order to efficiently migrate towards favorable places in nutrient gradients. The magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) even utilize Earth’s magnetic field to facilitate downward swimming into the oxic–anoxic interface, which is the most favorable place for their persistence and proliferation, in chemically stratified sediments or water columns. To ensure the desired flagella-propelled motility, marine MTBs have evolved an exquisite flagellar apparatus, and an extremely high number (tens of thousands) of flagella can be found on a single entity, displaying a complex polar, axial, bounce, and photosensitive magnetotactic behavior. In this review, we describe gene clusters, the flagellar apparatus architecture, and the swimming behavior of marine unicellular and multicellular magnetotactic bacteria. The physiological significance and mechanisms that govern these motions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhang
- Laboratory of Deep-Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, F-13402 CNRS-Marseille, France/CAS-Sanya 572000, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, F-13402 CNRS-Marseille, France/CAS-Sanya 572000, China
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, IMM, IM2B, CENTURI, F-13402 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-9116-4157
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de Melo RD, Leão P, Abreu F, Acosta-Avalos D. The swimming orientation of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes and uncultured magnetotactic cocci in magnetic fields similar to the geomagnetic field reveals differences in magnetotaxis between them. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:197-209. [PMID: 31535336 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria have intracellular chains of magnetic nanoparticles, conferring to their cellular body a magnetic moment that permits the alignment of their swimming trajectories to the geomagnetic field lines. That property is known as magnetotaxis and makes them suitable for the study of bacterial motion. The present paper studies the swimming trajectories of uncultured magnetotactic cocci and of the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' exposed to magnetic fields lower than 80 μT. It was assumed that the trajectories are cylindrical helixes and the axial velocity, the helix radius, the frequency and the orientation of the trajectories relative to the applied magnetic field were determined from the experimental trajectories. The results show the paramagnetic model applies well to magnetotactic cocci but not to 'Ca. M. multicellularis' in the low magnetic field regime analyzed. Magnetotactic cocci orient their trajectories as predicted by classical magnetotaxis but in general 'Ca. M. multicellularis' does not swim following the magnetic field direction, meaning that for it the inversion in the magnetic field direction represents a stimulus but the selection of the swimming direction depends on other cues or even on other mechanisms for magnetic field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Duarte de Melo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil.
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25
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Teng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Pan H, Xu J, Huang H, Xiao T, Wu LF. Diversity and Characterization of Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryotes From Coral Reef Habitats of the Paracel Islands, South China Sea. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2135. [PMID: 30271390 PMCID: PMC6142882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are ubiquitous in marine environments, the diversity of MMPs in sediments of coral reef ecosystems has rarely been reported. In this study, we made an investigation on the diversity and characteristics of MMPs in sediments at 11 stations in coral reef habitats of the Paracel Islands. The results showed that MMPs were present at nine stations, with spherical mulberry-like MMPs (s-MMPs) found at all stations and ellipsoidal pineapple-like MMPs (e-MMPs) found at seven stations. The maximum abundance of MMPs was 6 ind./cm3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of one e-MMP species and five s-MMP species including two species of a new genus. The results indicate that coral reef habitats of the Paracel Islands have a high diversity of MMPs that bio-mineralize multiple intracellular chains of iron crystals and play important role in iron cycling in such oligotrophic environment. These observations provide new perspective of the diversity of MMPs in general and expand knowledge of the occurrence of MMPs in coral reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Qingdao, China
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26
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Liu J, Zhang W, Du H, Leng X, Li JH, Pan H, Xu J, Wu LF, Xiao T. Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of two types of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes in the sediment of Lake Yuehu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:475-484. [PMID: 29687636 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are two genetically distinct morphological types of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) in the intertidal zone of Lake Yuehu (China): ellipsoidal MMPs (eMMPs) and spherical MMPs (sMMPs). We studied the vertical distribution of both types of MMPs in the sediment at Lake Yuehu during 1 year. Both types of MMPs were observed at sediment depths ranging from 1 to 34 cm, depending on the seasons. The eMMPs distributed at depths of 2-34 cm during spring, 1-11 cm during summer, 2-21 cm during autumn and 9-32 cm during winter. The eMMP species Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis, with magnetite magnetosomes, dominated at all distribution depths. These results suggested that Ca. M. rongchenensis migrated vertically during four seasons. The vertical profiles of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in Lake Yuehu changed seasonally, and these changes coincided with the seasonal distribution of MMPs, suggesting that the ORP affected the vertical distribution of MMPs. In addition, high concentrations of ammonium and silicate were associated with low abundances of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, Beijing-Qingdao-Sanya
| | - Haijian Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyun Leng
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, Beijing-Qingdao-Sanya
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, Beijing-Qingdao-Sanya
| | - Jianhong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, Beijing-Qingdao-Sanya
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, F-13402, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms (LIA-MagMC), CNRS-CAS, Marseille, Beijing-Qingdao-Sanya
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27
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Keim CN, Duarte de Melo R, Almeida FP, Lins de Barros HGP, Farina M, Acosta-Avalos D. Effect of applied magnetic fields on motility and magnetotaxis in the uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis'. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:465-474. [PMID: 29573371 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are found in the chemocline of aquatic environments worldwide. They produce nanoparticles of magnetic minerals arranged in chains in the cytoplasm, which enable these microorganisms to align to magnetic fields while swimming propelled by flagella. Magnetotactic bacteria are diverse phylogenetically and morphologically, including cocci, rods, vibria, spirilla and also multicellular forms, known as magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs). We used video-microscopy to study the motility of the uncultured MMP 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' under applied magnetic fields ranging from 0.9 to 32 Oersted (Oe). The bidimensional projections of the tridimensional trajectories where interpreted as plane projections of cylindrical helices and fitted as sinusoidal curves. The results showed that 'Ca. M. multicellularis' do not orient efficiently to low magnetic fields, reaching an efficiency of about 0.65 at 0.9-1.5 Oe, which are four to six times the local magnetic field. Good efficiency (0.95) is accomplished for magnetic fields ≥10 Oe. For comparison, unicellular magnetotactic microorganisms reach such efficiency at the local magnetic field. Considering that the magnetic moment of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' is sufficient for efficient alignment at the Earth's magnetic field, we suggest that misalignments are due to flagella movements, which could be driven by photo-, chemo- and/or other types of taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Keim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Roger Duarte de Melo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Almeida
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Henrique G P Lins de Barros
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Acosta-Avalos
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas - CBPF, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-180, Brazil
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28
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Volke DC, Nikel PI. Getting Bacteria in Shape: Synthetic Morphology Approaches for the Design of Efficient Microbial Cell Factories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Pablo I. Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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29
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Association of magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes with Pseudoalteromonas species in a natural lagoon environment. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:2213-2223. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Accumulation and Dissolution of Magnetite Crystals in a Magnetically Responsive Ciliate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02865-17. [PMID: 29439993 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02865-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) represent a group of microorganisms that are widespread in aquatic habitats and thrive at oxic-anoxic interfaces. They are able to scavenge high concentrations of iron thanks to the biomineralization of magnetic crystals in their unique organelles, the so-called magnetosome chains. Although their biodiversity has been intensively studied, their ecology and impact on iron cycling remain largely unexplored. Predation by protozoa was suggested as one of the ecological processes that could be involved in the release of iron back into the ecosystem. Magnetic protozoa were previously observed in aquatic environments, but their diversity and the fate of particulate iron during grazing are poorly documented. In this study, we report the morphological and molecular characterizations of a magnetically responsive MTB-grazing protozoan able to ingest high quantities of MTB. This protozoan is tentatively identified as Uronema marinum, a ciliate known to be a predator of bacteria. Using light and electron microscopy, we investigated in detail the vacuoles in which the lysis of phagocytized prokaryotes occurs. We carried out high-resolution observations of aligned magnetosome chains and ongoing dissolution of crystals. Particulate iron in the ciliate represented approximately 0.01% of its total volume. We show the ubiquity of this interaction in other types of environments and describe different grazing strategies. These data contribute to the mounting evidence that the interactions between MTB and protozoa might play a significant role in iron turnover in microaerophilic habitats.IMPORTANCE Identifying participants of each biogeochemical cycle is a prerequisite to our understanding of ecosystem functioning. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) participate in iron cycling by concentrating large amounts of biomineralized iron minerals in their cells, which impacts their chemical environment at, or below, the oxic-anoxic transition zone in aquatic habitats. It was shown that some protozoa inhabiting this niche could become magnetic by the ingestion of magnetic crystals biomineralized by grazed MTB. In this study, we show that magnetic MTB grazers are commonly observed in marine and freshwater sediments and can sometimes accumulate very large amounts of particulate iron. We describe here different phagocytosis strategies, determined using magnetic particles from MTB as tracers after their ingestion by the protozoa. This study paves the way for potential scientific or medical applications using MTB grazers as magnetosome hyperaccumulators.
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31
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Lin W, Pan Y, Bazylinski DA. Diversity and ecology of and biomineralization by magnetotactic bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:345-356. [PMID: 28557300 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize intracellular, membrane-bounded crystals of magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and/or greigite (Fe3 S4 ) called magnetosomes. MTB play important roles in the geochemical cycling of iron, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon. Significantly, they also represent an intriguing model system not just for the study of microbial biomineralization but also for magnetoreception, prokaryotic organelle formation and microbial biogeography. Here we review current knowledge on the ecology of and biomineralization by MTB, with an emphasis on more recent reports of unexpected ecological and phylogenetic findings regarding MTB. In this study, we conducted a search of public metagenomic databases and identified six novel magnetosome gene cluster-containing genomic fragments affiliated with the Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria classes of the Proteobacteria phylum, the Nitrospirae phylum and the Planctomycetes phylum from the deep subseafloor, marine oxygen minimum zone, groundwater biofilm and estuary sediment, thereby extending our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of MTB as well deriving important information as to their ecophysiology. We point out that the increasing availability of sequence data will facilitate researchers to systematically explore the ecology and biomineralization of MTB even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4004, USA
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32
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Uncultivated microbes in need of their own taxonomy. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2399-2406. [PMID: 28731467 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The great majority of microbial species remains uncultured, severely limiting their taxonomic characterization and thus communication among scientists. Although Candidatus was devised as a provisional category to classify uncultured taxa, it has not been widely accepted owing to technical limitations and lack of priority of Candidatus names in the official nomenclature. High-throughput sequencing provides the potential for data-rich taxonomic descriptions of uncultivated microbes, comparable in quality to those of cultured organisms. In order to fully realize this potential, standards and guidelines on how to perform these descriptions are needed. Here we aimed to outline these standards and draw the roadmap for a new genome-based taxonomy that, at least initially, would be parallel but highly convergent to the one in existence for isolates. In particular, we recommend the use of DNA genome sequences, recovered by population binning or single-cell techniques, as the basis for (i) identification and phylogenetic placement, (ii) bioinformatics-based functional and thus phenotypic predictions, as well as (iii) type material. We also recommend the implementation of an independent nomenclatural system for uncultivated taxa, following the same nomenclature rules as those for cultured Bacteria and Archaea but with its own list of validly published names. If widely adopted, this system will not only facilitate a comprehensive characterization of the 'uncultivated majority', but also provide a unified catalogue of validly published names, thereby avoiding synonyms and confusion. We also suggest that a committee of experts, supported by an international microbiological society, should be formed to govern the new classification system.
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33
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Descamps ECT, Monteil CL, Menguy N, Ginet N, Pignol D, Bazylinski DA, Lefèvre CT. Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis gen. nov., sp. nov., a magnetotactic bacterium from a brackish desert spring able to biomineralize greigite and magnetite, that represents a novel lineage in the Desulfobacteraceae. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622795 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A magnetotactic bacterium, designated strain BW-1T, was isolated from a brackish spring in Death Valley National Park (California, USA) and cultivated in axenic culture. The Gram-negative cells of strain BW-1T are relatively large and rod-shaped and possess a single polar flagellum (monotrichous). This strain is the first magnetotactic bacterium isolated in axenic culture capable of producing greigite and/or magnetite nanocrystals aligned in one or more chains per cell. Strain BW-1T is an obligate anaerobe that grows chemoorganoheterotrophically while reducing sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. Optimal growth occurred at pH 7.0 and 28°C with fumarate as electron donor and carbon source. Based on its genome sequence, the G+C content is 40.72mol %. Phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain BW-1T belongs to the Desulfobacteraceae family within the Deltaproteobacteria class. Based on average amino acid identity, strain BW-1T can be considered as a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis is proposed. The type strain of D. magnetovallimortis is BW-1T (JCM 18010T-DSM 103535T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie C T Descamps
- CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Caroline L Monteil
- CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 CNRS-UPMC-MNHN-Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Ginet
- CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France; CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7283 Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Pignol
- CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
| | - Christopher T Lefèvre
- CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France.
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34
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Leão P, Chen YR, Abreu F, Wang M, Zhang WJ, Zhou K, Xiao T, Wu LF, Lins U. Ultrastructure of ellipsoidal magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes depicts their complex assemblage and cellular polarity in the context of magnetotaxis. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2151-2163. [PMID: 28120460 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs) consist of unique microorganisms formed by genetically identical Gram-negative bacterial that live as a single individual capable of producing magnetic nano-particles called magnetosomes. Two distinct morphotypes of MMPs are known: spherical MMPs (sMMPs) and ellipsoidal MMPs (eMMPs). sMMPs have been extensively characterized, but less information exists for eMMPs. Here, we report the ultrastructure and organization as well as gene clusters responsible for magnetosome and flagella biosynthesis in the magnetite magnetosome producer eMMP Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis. Transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) 3D reconstruction reveal that cells with a conspicuous core-periphery polarity were organized around a central space. Magnetosomes were organized in multiple chains aligned along the periphery of each cell. In the partially sequenced genome, magnetite-related mamAB gene and mad gene clusters were identified. Two cell morphologies were detected: irregular elliptical conical 'frustum-like' (IECF) cells and H-shaped cells. IECF cells merge to form H-shaped cells indicating a more complex structure and possibly a distinct evolutionary position of eMMPs when compared with sMMPs considering multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Deep Sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France
| | - Ulysses Lins
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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Abreu F, Carolina A, Araujo V, Leão P, Silva KT, Carvalho FMD, Cunha ODL, Almeida LG, Geurink C, Farina M, Rodelli D, Jovane L, Pellizari VH, Vasconcelos ATD, Bazylinski DA, Lins U. Culture‐independent characterization of novel psychrophilic magnetotactic cocci from Antarctic marine sediments. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4426-4441. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - V. Araujo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Pedro Leão
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Karen Tavares Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - Oberdan de Lima Cunha
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica25651‐070Petrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Almeida
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica25651‐070Petrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Corey Geurink
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada at Las VegasLas Vegas NV89154‐4004 USA
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodelli
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo05508‐900São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Luigi Jovane
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo05508‐900São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Vivian H. Pellizari
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo05508‐900São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica25651‐070Petrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Dennis A. Bazylinski
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada at Las VegasLas Vegas NV89154‐4004 USA
| | - Ulysses Lins
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941‐902Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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36
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Revathy T, Jacob JJ, Jayasri MA, Suthindhiran K. Isolation and characterization of Magnetospirillum from saline lagoon. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:109. [PMID: 27263004 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are aquatic prokaryotes that orient themselves to earth's magnetic field with the help of intracellular organelle magnetosomes. Although many species of MTB have been identified, the isolation of MTB is a challenging task due to the lack of systematic isolation procedure and/or commercial media. In this study, we are reporting the isolation of magnetotactic spirillum from the Pulicat lagoon, India using a systematic and selective procedure. Sampling site was chosen on the basis of physicochemical properties of the ecosystem and the catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) analysis of sediment samples. In the current study, a combination of techniques including 'capillary racetrack' Purification and gradient cultivation resulted in the isolation of magnetotactic spirilla from aquatic sediments. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Magnetospirillum and was designated as Magnetospirillum sp. VITRJS1. The genes responsible for magnetosome formation (mamA, B, E, F, K, M, O, P, Q, T) were successfully detected using PCR amplification. The presence of cbbM gene confirmed that the isolate is chemolithoautotroph and utilises reduced sulphur as an electron source. Furthermore, magnetosomes extracted from VITRJS1 found to be cubo-octahedral in shape and 45 nm in size. Our results indicate that the systematic procedure using sediment analysis, CARD-FISH, and a combination of isolation methods enables the selective and rapid isolation of MTB from aquatic sediment sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Revathy
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jobin John Jacob
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M A Jayasri
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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Dong Y, Li J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Xiao T, Wu LF, Pan H. The detection of magnetotactic bacteria in deep sea sediments from the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:239-249. [PMID: 26742990 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are distributed ubiquitously in sediments from coastal environments to the deep sea. The Pacific Manganese Nodule Province contains numerous polymetallic nodules mainly composed of manganese, iron, cobalt, copper and nickel. In the present study we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to assess the communities of putative MTB in deep sea surface sediments at nine stations in the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province. A total of 402 sequence reads from MTB were classified into six operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Among these, OTU113 and OTU759 were affiliated with the genus Magnetospira, OTU2224 and OTU2794 were affiliated with the genus Magnetococcus and Magnetovibrio, respectively, OTU3017 had no known genus affiliation, and OTU2556 was most similar to Candidatus Magnetananas. Interestingly, OTU759 was widely distributed, occurring at all study sites. Magnetism measurements revealed that all sediments were dominated by low coercivity, non-interacting single domain magnetic minerals. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the magnetic minerals were magnetosomes. Our data suggest that diverse putative MTB are widely distributed in deep sea surface sediments from the east Pacific Manganese Nodule Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), CNRS, F-13402, Marseille, France
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Chen YR, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Pan HM, Du HJ, Xu C, Xu JH, Pradel N, Santini CL, Li JH, Huang H, Pan YX, Xiao T, Wu LF. Novel species and expanded distribution of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:218-226. [PMID: 26711721 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a peculiar group of magnetotactic bacteria, each comprising approximately 10-100 cells of the same phylotype. Two morphotypes of MMP have been identified, including several species of globally distributed spherical mulberry-like MMPs (s-MMPs), and two species of ellipsoidal pineapple-like MMPs (e-MMPs) from China (Qingdao and Rongcheng cities). We recently collected e-MMPs from Mediterranean Sea sediments (Six-Fours-les-Plages) and Drummond Island, in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MMPs from Six-Fours-les-Plages and the previously reported e-MMP Candidatus Magnetananas rongchenensis have 98.5% sequence identity and are the same species, while the MMPs from Drummond Island appear to be a novel species, having > 7.1% sequence divergence from the most closely related e-MMP, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis. Identification of the novel species expands the distribution of e-MMPs to Tropical Zone. Comparison of nine physical and chemical parameters revealed that sand grain size and the content of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium and nitrite) in the sediments from Rongcheng City and Six-Fours-les-Plages were similar, and lower than found for sediments from the other two sampling sites. The results of the study reveal broad diversity and wide distribution of e-MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen-yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hong-miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hai-jian Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, F-13288, France
| | - Claire-Lise Santini
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille CEDEX20, Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Jin-hua Li
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Lab, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yong-xin Pan
- Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Lab, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Long-fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille cedex 20, F13402, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille CEDEX20, Marseille, F-13402, France
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An D, Dong X, An A, Park HS, Strous M, Voordouw G. Metagenomic Analysis Indicates Epsilonproteobacteria as a Potential Cause of Microbial Corrosion in Pipelines Injected with Bisulfite. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:28. [PMID: 26858705 PMCID: PMC4729907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium bisulfite (SBS) is used as an oxygen scavenger to decrease corrosion in pipelines transporting brackish subsurface water used in the production of bitumen by steam-assisted gravity drainage. Sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons has indicated that SBS addition increased the fraction of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) Desulfomicrobium, as well as of Desulfocapsa, which can also grow by disproportionating sulfite into sulfide, sulfur, and sulfate. SRB use cathodic H2, formed by reduction of aqueous protons at the iron surface, or use low potential electrons from iron and aqueous protons directly for sulfate reduction. In order to reveal the effects of SBS treatment in more detail, metagenomic analysis was performed with pipe-associated solids (PAS) scraped from a pipe section upstream (PAS-616P) and downstream (PAS-821TP) of the SBS injection point. A major SBS-induced change in microbial community composition and in affiliated hynL genes for the large subunit of [NiFe] hydrogenase was the appearance of sulfur-metabolizing Epsilonproteobacteria of the genera Sulfuricurvum and Sulfurovum. These are chemolithotrophs, which oxidize sulfide or sulfur with O2 or reduce sulfur with H2. Because O2 was absent, this class likely catalyzed reduction of sulfur (S0) originating from the metabolism of bisulfite with cathodic H2 (or low potential electrons and aqueous protons) originating from the corrosion of steel (Fe0). Overall this accelerates reaction of of S0 and Fe0 to form FeS, making this class a potentially powerful contributor to microbial corrosion. The PAS-821TP metagenome also had increased fractions of Deltaproteobacteria including the SRB Desulfomicrobium and Desulfocapsa. Altogether, SBS increased the fraction of hydrogen-utilizing Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria in brackish-water-transporting pipelines, potentially stimulating anaerobic pipeline corrosion if dosed in excess of the intended oxygen scavenger function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan An
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Annie An
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hyung S Park
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc Strous
- Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerrit Voordouw
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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Pradel N, Fuduche M, Ollivier B. Magnetotactic bacteria population in a pristine French Atlantic lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:691-697. [PMID: 26335530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time the presence of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) on the Northeastern Atlantic coast. Microscopy observations indicated a heterogeneous population of MTB morphotypes. The analysis of the 16S rDNA by pyrosequencing technology revealed four operational taxonomic sequence units affiliated within the Magnetococcales order, class Alphaproteobacteria. One of them was closely related to sequences of MTB from the Tunisian coast, central Mediterranean Sea. This work offers information on anew environmental context and on biogeography of MTB, highlights the putative impact that marine currents may have on MTB distribution on Earth, and underlines the role that pristine or polluted areas may play on the structure of the MTB communites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pradel
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France.
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France.
| | - Maxime Fuduche
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Bernard Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, MIO, UM 110, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Contaminants et Ecosystèmes Marins Sud Méditerranéens (LMI COSYS-Med), Marseille, France
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A Post-Genomic View of the Ecophysiology, Catabolism and Biotechnological Relevance of Sulphate-Reducing Prokaryotes. Adv Microb Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26210106 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissimilatory sulphate reduction is the unifying and defining trait of sulphate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP). In their predominant habitats, sulphate-rich marine sediments, SRP have long been recognized to be major players in the carbon and sulphur cycles. Other, more recently appreciated, ecophysiological roles include activity in the deep biosphere, symbiotic relations, syntrophic associations, human microbiome/health and long-distance electron transfer. SRP include a high diversity of organisms, with large nutritional versatility and broad metabolic capacities, including anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons. Elucidation of novel catabolic capacities as well as progress in the understanding of metabolic and regulatory networks, energy metabolism, evolutionary processes and adaptation to changing environmental conditions has greatly benefited from genomics, functional OMICS approaches and advances in genetic accessibility and biochemical studies. Important biotechnological roles of SRP range from (i) wastewater and off gas treatment, (ii) bioremediation of metals and hydrocarbons and (iii) bioelectrochemistry, to undesired impacts such as (iv) souring in oil reservoirs and other environments, and (v) corrosion of iron and concrete. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of SRPs focusing mainly on works published after 2000. The wealth of publications in this period, covering many diverse areas, is a testimony to the large environmental, biogeochemical and technological relevance of these organisms and how much the field has progressed in these years, although many important questions and applications remain to be explored.
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de Azevedo LV, Acosta-Avalos D. Photokinesis is magnetic field dependent in the multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:579-85. [PMID: 26108495 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis is a spherical, multicellular, magnetotactic prokaryote (MMP) composed of 10-40 genetically-identical, Gram-negative cells. It is known that monochromatic light of low intensity influences its average swimming velocity, being higher for red light (628 nm) and lower for green light (517 nm). In this study, we determined the effect of light of different wavelengths and intensities on the swimming velocity of Ca. Magnetoglobus multicellularis under different magnetic field intensities. The swimming velocities of several organisms exposed to blue light (469 nm), green light (517 nm) and red light (628 nm) with intensities ranging from 0.36 to 3.68 Wm(-2) were recorded under magnetic field intensities ranging from 0.26 to 1.47 Oe. Our results showed that MMPs exposed to green light display consistently lower average swimming velocities compared to other wavelengths of light. We also show for the first time that photokinesis in Ca. Magnetoglobus multicellularis is dependent on the magnetic field being applied. The relationship between light wavelength and intensity and magnetic field strength and swimming velocity in this MMP is therefore complex. Although the mechanism for the observed behaviour is not completely understood, a flavin-containing chromophore may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia Vidinho de Azevedo
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, Urca, RJ, 22250-180, Brazil
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Du HJ, Chen YR, Zhang R, Pan HM, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Wu LF, Xiao T. Temporal distributions and environmental adaptations of two types of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote in the sediments of Lake Yuehu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:538-546. [PMID: 25727488 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two morphotypes (spherical and ellipsoidal) of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) have been reported from the sediments of Lake Yuehu, China. Here, their temporal distributions and their relationships with biogeochemical parameters are studied. Samples were collected at approximately 2-week intervals from two sites (A and B) during the period September 2012 to December 2013. The abundance of MMPs was high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring. Furthermore, the peaks in the numbers of the two types of MMPs were sequential, with the highest concentration of the spherical MMPs occurring prior to that of the ellipsoidal MMPs. This may be related to different optimal growth temperatures for the two types. Although the two types of MMP coexisted at both sites, their numbers were different; at most times, spherical MMPs dominated at site A, whereas ellipsoidal MMPs dominated at site B. Geochemical analysis revealed that the environmental conditions at site A varied more than at site B. Compared with the widely distributed spherical MMPs, ellipsoidal MMPs seemed to prefer more stable habitats. This is the first report of the temporal distribution of ellipsoidal MMPs in sediments, suggesting that their environmental adaptations differ from those of spherical MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100864, China
| | - Hong-Miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Ke Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
- CNRS, LCB UMR 7257, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13402, France
| | - Tian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- CNRS, Laboratoire International Associé de la Bio-Minéralisation et Nano-Structures (LIA-BioMNSL), Marseille, F-13402, France
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Lyons NA, Kolter R. On the evolution of bacterial multicellularity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 24:21-8. [PMID: 25597443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multicellularity is one of the most prevalent evolutionary innovations and nowhere is this more apparent than in the bacterial world, which contains many examples of multicellular organisms in a surprising array of forms. Due to their experimental accessibility and the large and diverse genomic data available, bacteria enable us to probe fundamental aspects of the origins of multicellularity. Here we discuss examples of multicellular behaviors in bacteria, the selective pressures that may have led to their evolution, possible origins and intermediate stages, and whether the ubiquity of apparently convergent multicellular forms argues for its inevitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Lyons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Roberto Kolter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Magnetotactic bacteria as potential sources of bioproducts. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:389-430. [PMID: 25603340 PMCID: PMC4306944 DOI: 10.3390/md13010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce intracellular organelles called magnetosomes which are magnetic nanoparticles composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) enveloped by a lipid bilayer. The synthesis of a magnetosome is through a genetically controlled process in which the bacterium has control over the composition, direction of crystal growth, and the size and shape of the mineral crystal. As a result of this control, magnetosomes have narrow and uniform size ranges, relatively specific magnetic and crystalline properties, and an enveloping biological membrane. These features are not observed in magnetic particles produced abiotically and thus magnetosomes are of great interest in biotechnology. Most currently described MTB have been isolated from saline or brackish environments and the availability of their genomes has contributed to a better understanding and culturing of these fastidious microorganisms. Moreover, genome sequences have allowed researchers to study genes related to magnetosome production for the synthesis of magnetic particles for use in future commercial and medical applications. Here, we review the current information on the biology of MTB and apply, for the first time, a genome mining strategy on these microorganisms to search for secondary metabolite synthesis genes. More specifically, we discovered that the genome of the cultured MTB Magnetovibrio blakemorei, among other MTB, contains several metabolic pathways for the synthesis of secondary metabolites and other compounds, thereby raising the possibility of the co-production of new bioactive molecules along with magnetosomes by this species.
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46
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Zhang R, Chen YR, Du HJ, Zhang WY, Pan HM, Xiao T, Wu LF. Characterization and phylogenetic identification of a species of spherical multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes that produces both magnetite and greigite crystals. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:481-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chen YR, Zhang R, Du HJ, Pan HM, Zhang WY, Zhou K, Li JH, Xiao T, Wu LF. A novel species of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from Lake Yuehu in China. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:637-47. [PMID: 24725306 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two morphotypes of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) have been identified: spherical (several species) and ellipsoidal (previously one species). Here, we report novel ellipsoidal MMPs that are ∼ 10 × 8 μm in size, and composed of about 86 cells arranged in six to eight interlaced circles. Each MMP was composed of cells that synthesized either bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes alone, or both bullet-shaped magnetite and rectangular greigite magnetosomes. They showed north-seeking magnetotaxis, ping-pong motility and negative phototaxis at a velocity up to 300 μm s(-1) . During reproduction, they divided along either their long- or short-body axes. For genetic analysis, we sorted the ellipsoidal MMPs with micromanipulation and amplified their genomes using multiple displacement amplification. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene and found 6.9% sequence divergence from that of ellipsoidal MMPs, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis and > 8.3% divergence from those of spherical MMPs. Therefore, the novel MMPs belong to different species and genus compared with the currently known ellipsoidal and spherical MMPs respectively. The novel MMPs display a morphological cell differentiation, implying a potential division of labour. These findings provide new insights into the diversity of MMPs in general, and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity among prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.
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Lin W, Bazylinski DA, Xiao T, Wu LF, Pan Y. Life with compass: diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:2646-58. [PMID: 24148107 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are unique in their ability to synthesize intracellular nano-sized minerals of magnetite and/or greigite magnetosomes for magnetic orientation. Thus, they provide an excellent model system to investigate mechanisms of biomineralization. MTB play important roles in bulk sedimentary magnetism and have numerous versatile applications in paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and biotechnological and biomedical fields. Significant progress has been made in recent years in describing the composition of MTB communities and distribution through innovative cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques. In this review, the most recent contributions to the field of diversity and biogeography of MTB are summarized and reviewed. Emphasis is on the novel insights into various factors/processes potentially affecting MTB community distribution. An understanding of the present-day biogeography of MTB, and the ruling parameters of their spatial distribution, will eventually help us predict MTB community shifts with environmental changes and assess their roles in global iron cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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50
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Abreu F, Morillo V, Nascimento FF, Werneck C, Cantão ME, Ciapina LP, de Almeida LGP, Lefèvre CT, Bazylinski DA, de Vasconcelos ATR, Lins U. Deciphering unusual uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes through genomics. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 8:1055-68. [PMID: 24196322 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis (Ca. M. multicellularis) is a member of a group of uncultured magnetotactic prokaryotes that possesses a unique multicellular morphology. To better understand this organism's physiology, we used a genomic approach through pyrosequencing. Genomic data analysis corroborates previous structural studies and reveals the proteins that are likely involved in multicellular morphogenesis of this microorganism. Interestingly, some detected protein sequences that might be involved in cell adhesion are homologues to phylogenetically unrelated filamentous multicellular bacteria proteins, suggesting their contribution in the early development of multicellular organization in Bacteria. Genes related to the behavior of Ca. M. multicellularis (chemo-, photo- and magnetotaxis) and its metabolic capabilities were analyzed. On the basis of the genomic-physiologic information, enrichment media were tested. One medium supported chemoorganoheterotrophic growth of Ca. M. multicellularis and allowed the microorganisms to maintain their multicellular morphology and cell cycle, confirming for the first time that the entire life cycle of the MMP occurs in a multicellular form. Because Ca. M. multicellularis has a unique multicellular life style, its cultivation is an important achievement for further studies regarding the multicellular evolution in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviana Morillo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia F Nascimento
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Werneck
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Egidio Cantão
- 1] Departamento de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil [2] Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciane Prioli Ciapina
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Paula de Almeida
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Christopher T Lefèvre
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, CEA Cadarache/CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Ulysses Lins
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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