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Herzog E, Ishida K, Scherlach K, Chen X, Bartels B, Niehs SP, Cheaib B, Panagiotou G, Hertweck C. Antibacterial Siderophores of Pandoraea Pathogens and Their Impact on the Diseased Lung Microbiota. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025:e202505714. [PMID: 40178319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202505714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria of the genus Pandoraea, frequently acquired from the environment, are an emerging cause of opportunistic respiratory infections, especially in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, their specialized metabolites, including niche and virulence factors, remained unknown. Through genome mining of environmental and clinical isolates of diverse Pandoraea species, we identified a highly conserved biosynthesis gene cluster (pan) that codes for a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembling a new siderophore. Using bioinformatics-guided metabolic profiling of wild type and a targeted null mutant, we discovered the corresponding metabolites, pandorabactin A and B. Their structures and chelate (gallium) complexes were elucidated by a combination of chemical degradation, derivatization, NMR, and MS analysis. Metagenomics and bioinformatics of sputum samples of CF patients indicated that the presence of the pan gene locus correlates with the prevalence of specific bacteria in the lung microbiome. Bioassays and mass spectrometry imaging showed that pandorabactins have antibacterial activities against various lung pathogens (Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas) through depleting iron in the competitors. Taken together, these findings offer first insight into niche factors of Pandoraea and indicate that pandorabactins shape the diseased lung microbiota through the competition for iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herzog
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiuqiang Chen
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bartels
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah P Niehs
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bachar Cheaib
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999999, China
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Balance in the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Ren JY, Yu HQ, Xu S, Zhou WJ, Liu ZH. Putative pathogenic factors underlying Streptococcus oralis opportunistic infections. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2025; 58:157-163. [PMID: 39261123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus oralis, belonging to the viridans group streptococci (VGS), has been considered a component of the normal flora predominantly inhabiting the oral cavity. In recent years, a growing body of literature has revealed that dental procedures or daily tooth brushing activities can cause the spread of S. oralis from the oral cavity into various body sites leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) and meningitis. However, very little is currently known about the pathogenicity of S. oralis. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the current understanding of the pathogenic potential of S. oralis to pave the way for the prevention and treatment of S. oralis opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Ren
- Department of Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhou
- Department of Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; Yantai Engineering Research Center for Digital Technology of Stomatology, Yantai, China; Characteristic Laboratories of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province for Digital Stomatology, Yantai, China.
| | - Zhong-Hao Liu
- Department of Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; Yantai Engineering Research Center for Digital Technology of Stomatology, Yantai, China; Characteristic Laboratories of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province for Digital Stomatology, Yantai, China
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Kalizang'oma A, Richard D, Kwambana-Adams B, Coelho J, Broughton K, Pichon B, Hopkins KL, Chalker V, Beleza S, Bentley SD, Chaguza C, Heyderman RS. Population genomics of Streptococcus mitis in UK and Ireland bloodstream infection and infective endocarditis cases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7812. [PMID: 39242612 PMCID: PMC11379897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mitis is a leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE). However, our understanding of the genomic epidemiology and pathogenicity of IE-associated S. mitis is hampered by low IE incidence. Here we use whole genome sequencing of 129 S. mitis bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates collected between 2001-2016 from clinically diagnosed IE cases in the UK to investigate genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity. We show high genetic diversity of IE-associated S. mitis with virtually all isolates belonging to distinct lineages indicating no predominance of specific lineages. Additionally, we find a highly variable distribution of known pneumococcal virulence genes among the isolates, some of which are overrepresented in disease when compared to carriage strains. Our findings suggest that S. mitis in patients with clinically diagnosed IE is not primarily caused by specific hypervirulent or antimicrobial resistant lineages, highlighting the accidental pathogenic nature of S. mitis in patients with clinically diagnosed IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akuzike Kalizang'oma
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK. akuzike.kalizang'
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. akuzike.kalizang'
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Oral Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi. akuzike.kalizang'
| | - Damien Richard
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brenda Kwambana-Adams
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Oral Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Juliana Coelho
- Public Health Microbiology Division, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Karen Broughton
- Public Health Microbiology Division, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Bruno Pichon
- Public Health Microbiology Division, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Katie L Hopkins
- Public Health Microbiology Division, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | | | - Sandra Beleza
- University of Leicester, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Chrispin Chaguza
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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Interrogation of the contribution of (endo)lysin domains to tune their bacteriolytic efficiency provides a novel clue to design superior antibacterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1042-1053. [PMID: 36370862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage-derived endolysins and bacterial autolysins (hereinafter lysins) represent a completely new class of efficient antibacterials. They prevent the development of bacterial resistance and help protect commensal microbiota, producing cell wall lysis. Here we have investigated whether the acquisition of enzymatic active domains (EADs) and cell wall binding domains (CWBDs) of balancing efficiencies could be a way of tuning natural lysin activity. The concept was applied to produce a chimeric lysin of superior antibacterial capacity using the endolysin Skl and the major pneumococcal autolysin LytA. Combination of the Skl EAD and the cell wall choline-binding domain (CBD) of LytA in the chimera QSLA increased the bacterial killing by 2 logs or more compared to parental enzymes at an equal concentration and extended the substrate range to resistant and emergent pneumococci and other pathogens of the mitis group. Contrarily, QLAS, containing LytA EAD and Skl CBD, was inactive against all tested strains, although domain structures were preserved and hydrolysis of purified cell walls maintained in both chimeras. As a whole, our study provides a novel clue to design superior lysins to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens based on domain selection, and a powerful in-vivo active lysin (QSLA) with promising therapeutic perspectives.
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Joyce LR, Youngblom MA, Cormaty H, Gartstein E, Barber KE, Akins RL, Pepperell CS, Palmer KL. Comparative Genomics of Streptococcus oralis Identifies Large Scale Homologous Recombination and a Genetic Variant Associated with Infection. mSphere 2022; 7:e0050922. [PMID: 36321824 PMCID: PMC9769543 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00509-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a large consortium of commensal streptococci that colonize the human body. Many species within this group are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE), yet little is known about why some strains cause invasive disease. Identification of virulence determinants is complicated by the difficulty of distinguishing between the closely related species of this group. Here, we analyzed genomic data from VGS that were isolated from blood cultures in patients with invasive infections and oral swabs of healthy volunteers and then determined the best-performing methods for species identification. Using whole-genome sequence data, we characterized the population structure of a diverse sample of Streptococcus oralis isolates and found evidence of frequent recombination. We used multiple genome-wide association study tools to identify candidate determinants of invasiveness. These tools gave consistent results, leading to the discovery of a single synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that was significantly associated with invasiveness. This SNP was within a previously undescribed gene that was conserved across the majority of VGS species. Using the growth in the presence of human serum and a simulated infective endocarditis vegetation model, we were unable to identify a phenotype for the enriched allele in laboratory assays, suggesting a phenotype may be specific to natural infection. These data highlighted the power of analyzing natural populations for gaining insight into pathogenicity, particularly for organisms with complex population structures like the VGS. IMPORTANCE The viridians group streptococci (VGS) are a large collection of closely related commensal streptococci, with many being opportunistic pathogens causing invasive diseases, such as bacteremia and infective endocarditis. Little is known about virulence determinants in these species, and there is a distinct lack of genomic information available for the VGS. In this study, we collected VGS isolates from invasive infections and healthy volunteers and performed whole-genome sequencing for a suite of downstream analyses. We focused on a diverse sample of Streptococcus oralis genomes and identified high rates of recombination in the population as well as a single genome variant highly enriched in invasive isolates. The variant lies within a previously uncharacterized gene, nrdM, which shared homology with the anaerobic ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase, nrdD, and was highly conserved among VGS. This work increased our knowledge of VGS genomics and indicated that differences in virulence potential among S. oralis isolates were, at least in part, genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Joyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Madison A. Youngblom
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Harshini Cormaty
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Evelyn Gartstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Katie E. Barber
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Caitlin S. Pepperell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelli L. Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Chahal G, Quintana-Hayashi MP, Gaytán MO, Benktander J, Padra M, King SJ, Linden SK. Streptococcus oralis Employs Multiple Mechanisms of Salivary Mucin Binding That Differ Between Strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:889711. [PMID: 35782137 PMCID: PMC9247193 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.889711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus oralis is an oral commensal and opportunistic pathogen that can enter the bloodstream and cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of S. oralis binding to oral mucins using clinical isolates, isogenic mutants and glycoconjugates. S. oralis bound to both MUC5B and MUC7, with a higher level of binding to MUC7. Mass spectrometry identified 128 glycans on MUC5B, MUC7 and the salivary agglutinin (SAG). MUC7/SAG contained a higher relative abundance of Lewis type structures, including Lewis b/y, sialyl-Lewis a/x and α2,3-linked sialic acid, compared to MUC5B. S. oralis subsp. oralis binding to MUC5B and MUC7/SAG was inhibited by Lewis b and Lacto-N-tetraose glycoconjugates. In addition, S. oralis binding to MUC7/SAG was inhibited by sialyl Lewis x. Binding was not inhibited by Lacto-N-fucopentaose, H type 2 and Lewis x conjugates. These data suggest that three distinct carbohydrate binding specificities are involved in S. oralis subsp. oralis binding to oral mucins and that the mechanisms of binding MUC5B and MUC7 differ. Efficient binding of S. oralis subsp. oralis to MUC5B and MUC7 required the gene encoding sortase A, suggesting that the adhesin(s) are LPXTG-containing surface protein(s). Further investigation demonstrated that one of these adhesins is the sialic acid binding protein AsaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Chahal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Meztlli O. Gaytán
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children´s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John Benktander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Medea Padra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samantha J. King
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children´s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Sara K. Linden, ; Samantha J. King,
| | - Sara K. Linden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sara K. Linden, ; Samantha J. King,
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Blondeau JM, Proskin HM, Sanfilippo CM, DeCory HH. Characterization of Polybacterial versus Monobacterial Conjunctivitis Infections in Pediatric Subjects Across Multiple Studies and Microbiological Outcomes with Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension 0.6. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:4419-4430. [PMID: 34785887 PMCID: PMC8591116 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s335197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The choice of empiric therapy for bacterial conjunctivitis should be guided by an awareness of typical causative pathogen distributions. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be polybacterial, although pediatric-specific data are lacking. Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of data in pediatric subjects (1–17 years) from five bacterial conjunctivitis trials evaluating besifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.6%. Results Of the 730 pediatric subjects with culture-confirmed conjunctivitis, nearly one-fourth (23.6%) had polybacterial infections and three-fourths (76.4%) had monobacterial infections at baseline. In both polybacterial and monobacterial infections, the most prevalent organisms were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mitis/S. mitis group. In polybacterial versus monobacterial infections, S. mitis/S. mitis group (8.7% vs 4.3%; P=0.032) and Moraxella catarrhalis (4.7% vs 0.5%; P<0.001) were identified more frequently, whereas S. pneumoniae (14.0% vs 28.1%; P<0.001) was identified less frequently, as the dominant infecting species. MICs for individual species were similar for tested antibiotics regardless of polybacterial or monobacterial infection, except Staphylococcus epidermidis for which fluoroquinolone MICs were ≥3 dilutions higher for isolates of this species sourced from polybacterial compared to monobacterial infections. Treatment with besifloxacin resulted in microbial eradication in 79.1% of polybacterial and 92.3% of monobacterial infections (P≤0.005 vs vehicle). Discussion One in four pediatric bacterial conjunctivitis infections is polybacterial, highlighting the need for a broad-spectrum antibiotic when choosing empiric therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Blondeau
- Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - Heleen H DeCory
- Pharmaceutical Medical Affairs, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA
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Karacam K, Demir T, Baris O. Identification of Dominant Bacteria Isolated From Periodontal Abscesses. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Various methods investigating the bacterial content causing periodontal abscesses have been applied in studies conducted until today. However, these studies have focused on periodontopathogens. Our study was carried out to research whether different pathogens other than the known periodontopathogens are present in periodontal abscess formation. Therefore, dominant bacterial samples obtained from the periodontal abscess content using the culture-dependent method were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained using a syringe or a periopaper from periodontal abscesses of 20 volunteers who met the research criteria. The three different bacterial colonies that were observed most intensely in each sample were selected and purified, and the isolates obtained were kept until the next characterization. Genomic DNA was isolated from each isolate; 16S rRNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and identified using DNA sequencing analyses. Results: As a result of culture-dependent methods, bacterial species belonging to Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Morococcus, Moraxella, and Enterococcus genera were isolated from a total of 60 bacterial isolates, three of which were the most densely growing colonies from each periodontal abscess sample. Conclusion: In our study, most of the bacterial species detected were identified for the first time in the bacterial content of periodontal abscesses. In some previously done studies, most of these bacteria species were shown to cause abscesses in different parts of the body. It was concluded that further studies are needed to determine the number and proportion of these bacteria species in total bacterial content to evaluate whether they cause periodontal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Karacam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Turgut Demir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Baris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gisch N, Peters K, Thomsen S, Vollmer W, Schwudke D, Denapaite D. Commensal Streptococcus mitis produces two different lipoteichoic acids of type I and type IV. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1655-1669. [PMID: 34314482 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus mitis possesses, like other members of the Mitis group of viridans streptococci, phosphorylcholine (P-Cho)-containing teichoic acids (TAs) in its cell wall. Bioinformatic analyses predicted the presence of TAs that are almost identical with those identified in the pathogen S. pneumoniae, but a detailed analysis of S. mitis lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was not performed to date. Here we determined the structures of LTA from two S. mitis strains, the high-level beta-lactam and multiple antibiotic resistant strain B6 and the penicillin-sensitive strain NCTC10712. In agreement with bioinformatic predictions we found that the structure of one LTA (type IV) was like pneumococcal LTA, except the exchange of a glucose moiety with a galactose within the repeating units. Further genome comparisons suggested that the majority of S. mitis strains should contain the same type IV LTA as S. pneumoniae, providing a more complete understanding of the biosynthesis of these P-Cho-containing TAs in members of the Mitis group of streptococci. Remarkably, we observed besides type IV LTA an additional polymer belonging to LTA type I in both investigated S. mitis strains. This LTA consists of β-galactofuranosyl-(1,3)-diacylglycerol as glycolipid anchor and a poly-glycerol-phosphate chain at the O-6 position of the furanosidic galactose. Hence, these bacteria are capable of synthesizing two different LTA polymers, most likely produced by distinct biosynthesis pathways. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed the prevalence of the LTA synthase LtaS, most probably responsible for the second LTA version (type I), amongst S. mitis and S. pseudopneumoniae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Peters
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simone Thomsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site: Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Dalia Denapaite
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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IgA Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Complication of Streptococcus mitis Bacteremia. Case Rep Hematol 2020; 2020:8823908. [PMID: 33101741 PMCID: PMC7569424 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8823908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This case presents a patient with bacteremia of an unusual organism with a history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MGUS is typically thought to be asymptomatic until potential progression of the disease. This case reports a patient with a history of MGUS who does not show disease progression, however, may be showing symptoms, such as immunodeficiency. This case displays bacteremia with Streptococcus mitis within a two-week period of an invasive procedure. Recent studies parallel this case by showing MGUS patients may have two times the risk of infections compared to the unaffected population. This report brings up the question of taking prophylactic measures for this patient population to prevent future complications.
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11
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Zhou J, Sun T, Kang W, Tang D, Feng Q. Pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance genes in Streptococcus oralis strains revealed by comparative genome analysis. Genomics 2020; 112:3783-3793. [PMID: 32334114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus oralis is an early colonizer bacterium in dental plaques and is considered a potential pathogen of infective endocarditis (IE) disease. In this study, we built a complete genome map of Streptococcus oralis strain SOT, Streptococcus oralis strain SOD and Streptococcus infantis strain SO and performed comparative genomic analysis among these three strains. The results showed that there are five genomic islands (GIs) in strain SOT and one CRISPR in strain SOD. Each genome harbors various pathogenic genes related to diseases and drug resistance, while the antibiotic resistance genes in strains SOT and SOD were quite similar but different from those in strain SO. In addition, we identified 17 main virulence factors and capsule-related genes in three strains. These results suggest the pathogenic potential of Streptococcus strains, which lay a foundation for the prevention and treatment of a Streptococcus oralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Zhou
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyong Sun
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University,266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China.
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12
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DeCory HH, Sanfilippo CM, Proskin HM, Blondeau JM. Characterization of baseline polybacterial versus monobacterial infections in three randomized controlled bacterial conjunctivitis trials and microbial outcomes with besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237603. [PMID: 32841261 PMCID: PMC7447040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose To date, studies examining polymicrobial infections in ocular disease have mostly been limited to keratitis or endophthalmitis. We characterized polybacterial infections compared to monobacterial infections in prior clinical studies evaluating besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and report on associated microbiological outcomes. Methods In this post-hoc analysis, microbiological data for subjects with conjunctivitis due to one or more than one bacterial species in three previous studies (two vehicle-, one active-controlled) of besifloxacin were extracted. Bacterial species identified at baseline were deemed causative if their colony count equaled or exceeded species-specific prespecified threshold criteria. In subjects with polybacterial infections, the fold-increase over threshold was used to rank order the contribution of individual species. Baseline pathogens and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for common ophthalmic antibiotics were compared by infection type, as were microbial eradication rates following treatment with besifloxacin. Results Of 1041 subjects with culture-confirmed conjunctivitis, 17% had polybacterial and 83% had monobacterial conjunctivitis at baseline. In polybacterial compared to monobacterial infections, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified less frequently as the dominant infecting species (P = 0.042 and P<0.001, respectively), whereas Streptococcus mitis/S. mitis group was identified more frequently as dominant (P<0.001). Viral coinfection was also identified more frequently in polybacterial infections (P<0.001). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common coinfecting species in polybacterial infections and the second most common dominant species in such infections. With few exceptions, MICs for individual species were comparable regardless of infection type. Clinical microbial eradication rates with besifloxacin were high regardless of infection type (P≤0.016 vs vehicle at follow-up visits). Conclusions Approximately one in five subjects with bacterial conjunctivitis are infected with more than one bacterial species underscoring the need for a broad-spectrum antibiotic for such infections. Besifloxacin treatment resulted in robust eradication rates of these infections comparable to monobacterial infections. Trial registration NCT000622908, NCT00347932, NCT00348348
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H. DeCory
- Medical Affairs, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Howard M. Proskin
- Howard M. Proskin & Associates, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Blondeau
- Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Species-Specific Identification of Streptococcus based on DNA Marker in 16S-23S rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1569-1579. [PMID: 32253469 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus is closely correspondent to human. The accurate species-specific identification method of Streptococcus is important for the bacteria clinical diagnosis, molecular epidemiological analysis, and microecological study. In the last decades, DNA markers are widely utilized for identification of prokaryotic species. However, 16S rDNA, the most popular bacterial DNA marker, cannot properly distinguish closely related Streptococcus species. In present study, we employed 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence to explore the species-specific DNA marker. We predicted the secondary structure of Streptococcus ITS sequence transcribed products. Then we identified that the specific and consensus sequences in the primary structure can be found occupying an individual subunit in the secondary structure, which explained the foundation of the mosaic-like structure of ITS. We evaluated the specificity of ITS in Streptococcus, and found that the specificity can be detected by a further analysis of a BLAST result. Then, we developed an identification procedure based on the ITS sequence. We verified the procedure by 500 ITS sequence. The accuracy rate of this procedure was 100% for Streptococcus at genus level, and 99.3% at species level. It suggested that ITS can be utilized to accurately identify Streptococcus at the species level. This work suggests that further exploration of ITS could be applied in other bacterial genera for identification and classification, which may be a useful topic for future microbiology studies.
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García López E, Martín-Galiano AJ. The Versatility of Opportunistic Infections Caused by Gemella Isolates Is Supported by the Carriage of Virulence Factors From Multiple Origins. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:524. [PMID: 32296407 PMCID: PMC7136413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of the pathogenesis of the opportunistic invasive infections caused by isolates of the Gemella genus remains largely unknown. Moreover, inconsistencies in the current species assignation were detected after genome-level comparison of 16 public Gemella isolates. A literature search detected that, between the two most pathogenic species, Gemella morbillorum causes about twice the number of cases compared to Gemella haemolysans. These two species shared their mean diseases - sepsis and endocarditis - but differed in causing other syndromes. A number of well-known virulence factors were harbored by all species, such as a manganese transport/adhesin sharing 83% identity from oral endocarditis-causing streptococci. Likewise, all Gemellae carried the genes required for incorporating phosphorylcholine into their cell walls and encoded some choline-binding proteins. In contrast, other proteins were species-specific, which may justify the known epidemiological differences. G. haemolysans, but not G. morbillorum, harbor a gene cluster potentially encoding a polysaccharidic capsule. Species-specific surface determinants also included Rib and MucBP repeats, hemoglobin-binding NEAT domains, peptidases of C5a complement factor and domains that recognize extracellular matrix molecules exposed in damaged heart valves, such as collagen and fibronectin. Surface virulence determinants were associated with several taxonomically dispersed opportunistic genera of the oral microbiota, such as Granulicatella, Parvimonas, and Streptococcus, suggesting the existence of a horizontally transferrable gene reservoir in the oral environment, likely facilitated by close proximity in biofilms and ultimately linked to endocarditis. The identification of the Gemella virulence pool should be implemented in whole genome-based protocols to rationally predict the pathogenic potential in ongoing clinical infections caused by these poorly known bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto García López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Martín-Galiano
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain
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Similar genomic patterns of clinical infective endocarditis and oral isolates of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2728. [PMID: 32066773 PMCID: PMC7026040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis belong to the Mitis group streptococci, which mostly are commensals in the human oral cavity. Though they are oral commensals, they can escape their niche and cause infective endocarditis, a severe infection with high mortality. Several virulence factors important for the development of infective endocarditis have been described in these two species. However, the background for how the commensal bacteria, in some cases, become pathogenic is still not known. To gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of the pathogenic potential, we performed a comparative analysis of 38 blood culture strains, S. sanguinis (n = 20) and S. gordonii (n = 18) from patients with verified infective endocarditis, along with 21 publicly available oral isolates from healthy individuals, S. sanguinis (n = 12) and S. gordonii (n = 9). Using whole genome sequencing data of the 59 streptococci genomes, functional profiles were constructed, using protein domain predictions based on the translated genes. These functional profiles were used for clustering, phylogenetics and machine learning. A clear separation could be made between the two species. No clear differences between oral isolates and clinical infective endocarditis isolates were found in any of the 675 translated core-genes. Additionally, random forest-based machine learning and clustering of the pan-genome data as well as amino acid variations in the core-genome could not separate the clinical and oral isolates. A total of 151 different virulence genes was identified in the 59 genomes. Among these homologs of genes important for adhesion and evasion of the immune system were found in all of the strains. Based on the functional profiles and virulence gene content of the genomes, we believe that all analysed strains had the ability to become pathogenic.
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Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani Produces Monolateral Serine-Rich Repeat Protein Fibrils, One of Which Contributes to Saliva Binding via Sialic Acid. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00406-19. [PMID: 31308084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00406-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies reveal that the oral colonizer and cause of infective endocarditis Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani displays a striking monolateral distribution of surface fibrils. Furthermore, our data suggest that these fibrils impact the structure of adherent bacterial chains. Mutagenesis studies indicate that these fibrils are dependent on three serine-rich repeat proteins (SRRPs), here named fibril-associated protein A (FapA), FapB, and FapC, and that each SRRP forms a different fibril with a distinct distribution. SRRPs are a family of bacterial adhesins that have diverse roles in adhesion and that can bind to different receptors through modular nonrepeat region domains. Amino acid sequence and predicted structural similarity searches using the nonrepeat regions suggested that FapA may contribute to interspecies interactions, that FapA and FapB may contribute to intraspecies interactions, and that FapC may contribute to sialic acid binding. We demonstrate that a fapC mutant was significantly reduced in binding to saliva. We confirmed a role for FapC in sialic acid binding by demonstrating that the parental strain was significantly reduced in adhesion upon addition of a recombinantly expressed, sialic acid-specific, carbohydrate binding module, while the fapC mutant was not reduced. However, mutation of a residue previously shown to be essential for sialic acid binding did not decrease bacterial adhesion, leaving the precise mechanism of FapC-mediated adhesion to sialic acid to be defined. We also demonstrate that the presence of any one of the SRRPs is sufficient for efficient biofilm formation. Similar structures were observed on all infective endocarditis isolates examined, suggesting that this distribution is a conserved feature of this S. oralis subspecies.
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Identification of Virulence-Associated Properties by Comparative Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. mitis, Three S. oralis Subspecies, and S. infantis. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01985-19. [PMID: 31481387 PMCID: PMC6722419 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01985-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important human pathogens but is closely related to Streptococcus mitis, with which humans live in harmony. The fact that the two species evolved from a common ancestor provides a unique basis for studies of both infection-associated properties and properties important for harmonious coexistence with the host. By detailed comparisons of genomes of the two species and other related streptococci, we identified 224 genes associated with virulence and 25 genes unique to the mutualistic species. The exclusive presence of the virulence factors in S. pneumoniae enhances their potential as vaccine components, as a direct impact on beneficial members of the commensal microbiota can be excluded. Successful adaptation of S. mitis and other commensal streptococci to a harmonious relationship with the host relied on genetic stability and properties facilitating life in biofilms. From a common ancestor, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis evolved in parallel into one of the most important pathogens and a mutualistic colonizer of humans, respectively. This evolutionary scenario provides a unique basis for studies of both infection-associated properties and properties important for harmonious coexistence with the host. We performed detailed comparisons of 60 genomes of S. pneumoniae, S. mitis, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, the three Streptococcus oralis subspecies oralis, tigurinus, and dentisani, and Streptococcus infantis. Nonfunctional remnants of ancestral genes in both S. pneumoniae and in S. mitis support the evolutionary model and the concept that evolutionary changes on both sides were required to reach their present relationship to the host. Confirmed by screening of >7,500 genomes, we identified 224 genes associated with virulence. The striking difference to commensal streptococci was the diversity of regulatory mechanisms, including regulation of capsule production, a significantly larger arsenal of enzymes involved in carbohydrate hydrolysis, and proteins known to interfere with innate immune factors. The exclusive presence of the virulence factors in S. pneumoniae enhances their potential as vaccine components, as a direct impact on beneficial members of the commensal microbiota can be excluded. In addition to loss of these virulence-associated genes, adaptation of S. mitis to a mutualistic relationship with the host apparently required preservation or acquisition of 25 genes lost or absent from S. pneumoniae. Successful adaptation of S. mitis and other commensal streptococci to a harmonious relationship with the host relied on genetic stability and properties facilitating life in biofilms.
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Daptomycin Dose-Ranging Evaluation with Single-Dose versus Multidose Ceftriaxone Combinations against Streptococcus mitis /oralis in an Ex Vivo Simulated Endocarditis Vegetation Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00386-19. [PMID: 30962347 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00386-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a heterogeneous group of organisms which are important components of the normal human oral flora. Among the VGS, the Streptococcus mitis /oralis subgroup is one of the most common causes of infective endocarditis (IE). Daptomycin (DAP) is a potential alternative therapeutic option for invasive S. mitis infections, given high rates of β-lactam resistance and vancomycin tolerance in such strains. However, the ability of these strains to rapidly evolve high-level and durable DAP resistance (DAP-R) is problematic. Recent data suggest that combination DAP-β-lactam therapy circumvents this issue. Human-simulated dose-escalating DAP-alone dose regimens (6, 8, 10, or 12 mg/kg/day times 4 days) versus DAP (6 mg/kg/day) plus ceftriaxone (CRO) (2 g once daily times 4 days or 0.5 g, single dose) were assessed against two prototypical DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) S. mitis /oralis strains (SF100 and 351), as measured by a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs). No DAP-alone regimen was effective, with regrowth of high-level DAP-R isolates observed for both strains over 96-h exposures. Combinations of DAP-CRO with either single- or multidose regimens yielded significant reductions in log10 CFU/g amounts within SEVs for both strains (∼6 log10 CFU/g) within 24 h. In addition, no DAP-R strains were detected in either DAP-CRO combination regimens over the 96-h exposure. In contrast to prior in vitro studies, no perturbations in two key cardiolipin biosynthetic genes (cdsA and pgsA) were identified in DAP-R SEV isolates emerging from strain 351, despite defective phospholipid production. The combination of DAP-CRO warrants further investigation for treatment of IE due to S. mitis /oralis.
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Conrads G, Westenberger J, Lürkens M, Abdelbary MMH. Isolation and Bacteriocin-Related Typing of Streptococcus dentisani. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:110. [PMID: 31041198 PMCID: PMC6476965 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus oralis subspecies dentisani is explored as an anti-cariogenic probiotic. Here, subjecting freshly stimulated saliva samples of 35 healthy volunteers, six epidemiologically unrelated and two related strains were isolated (prevalence around 20%) applying a newly developed three-step procedure. Furthermore, the probiotic strain S. dentisani 7746 (AB-Dentisanium®) was tested under a variety of environmental conditions for its inhibitory effect on six S. mutans, two S. sobrinus, 15 other oral or intestinal streptococci, 15 S. dentisani strains, and six representatives of other species including periodontopathogens. All except one of the S. mutans strains were inhibited by 7746 colonies or culture supernatant concentrate but only if either the test cell number was low or the producer or its bacteriocin concentration, respectively, was high. S. sanguinis OMI 332, S. salivarius OMI 315, S. parasanguinis OMI 335, S. vestibularis OMI 238, and the intestinal S. dysgalactiae OMI 339 were not inhibited, while the other 10 streptococcal strains (especially S. oralis OMI 334 and intestinal S. gallolyticus OMI 326) showed a certain degree of inhibition. From the panel of other bacterial species only Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was slightly inhibited. With the exception of OMI 285 and OMI 291 that possessed a 7746 bacteriocin-like gene cluster, all S. dentisani strains and especially type strain 7747T were strongly inhibited by 7746. In conclusion, probiotic strain 7746 might antagonize the initiation and progression of dental caries by reducing S. mutans if not too abundant. S. dentisani strains inhibit each other, but strains with similar bacteriocin-related gene clusters, including immunity genes, are able to co-exist due to cross-resistance. In addition, development of resistance and adaptation to 7746-bacteriocins was observed during our study and needs attention. Hence, mechanisms underlying such processes need to be further investigated using omics-approaches. On the manufacturing level, probiotic strains should be continuously tested for function. Further clinical studies investigating inhibition of S. mutans by AB-Dentisanium® are required that should also monitor the impact on the oral microbiome composition including resident S. dentisani strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Westenberger
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martha Lürkens
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M H Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Munson E, Carroll KC. An Update on the Novel Genera and Species and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacterial Organisms Described in 2016 and 2017. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e01181-18. [PMID: 30257907 PMCID: PMC6355528 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01181-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition and acknowledgment of novel bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature revisions can impact clinical practice, disease epidemiology, and routine clinical microbiology laboratory operations. The Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM) herein presents its biannual report summarizing such changes published in the years 2016 and 2017, as published and added by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Noteworthy discussion centers around descriptions of novel Corynebacteriaceae and an anaerobic mycolic acid-producing bacterium in the suborder Corynebacterineae; revisions within the Propionibacterium, Clostridium, Borrelia, and Enterobacter genera; and a major reorganization of the family Enterobacteriaceae. JCM intends to sustain this series of reports as advancements in molecular genetics, whole-genome sequencing, and studies of the human microbiome continue to produce novel taxa and clearer understandings of bacterial relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Conrads G, Bockwoldt JA, Kniebs C, Abdelbary MMH. Commentary: Health-Associated Niche Inhabitants as Oral Probiotics: The Case of Streptococcus dentisani. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29535701 PMCID: PMC5835103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia A Bockwoldt
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline Kniebs
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M H Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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