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Malkova A, Evdokimov I, Shirmanov M, Irkitova A, Dudnik D. Development of a microbiological preparation for crops based on Bacillus pumilus strains. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213607012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Data of the microbial biopreparation development for protection and crop growth stimulation on the Bacillus bacteria basis are presented. Three B. pumilus strains isolated from the Altai region (the Russian Federation) plants rhizosphere were selected as active components of the bacterial preparation. L-bulone was chosen as the nutrient medium for flasks cultivation of the inoculum. A molasses-based nutrient medium was used to incubate the bacilli in a 15-liter fermenter. The finished microbial preparation was obtained in dry form. The biopreparation is a powder consisting of a lyophilically dried concentrates mixture of genus Bacillus spores. Bacilli biomass were pre-mixed with a protective medium based on gelatin and sucrose. The final number of bacteria in the microbial preparation is 1.29(±0.30) ×1012 CFU/g.
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Higazy NS, Saleh AE, Hassan ZU, Al Thani R, Migheli Q, Jaoua S. Investigation and application of Bacillus pumilus QBP344-3 in the control of Aspergillus carbonarius and ochratoxin A contamination. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Meena M, Swapnil P, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Harish, Tripathi YN, Zehra A, Marwal A, Upadhyay RS. PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:828-861. [PMID: 32815221 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avinash Marwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Vigyan Bhawan-Block B, New Campus, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kelley DE, Hodo CL, Aceino A, Lawhon SD, Hinrichs K, Brinsko SP. Abortion due to
Bacillus safensis
in a mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Kelley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - C. L. Hodo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - A. Aceino
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - S. D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - K. Hinrichs
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - S. P. Brinsko
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
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Identification of endophytic bacteria in medicinal plants and their antifungal activities against food spoilage fungi. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:5262-5270. [PMID: 31749473 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are fungi or bacteria living in the intracellular parts of the plants. In this study, 12 medicinal plants were examined for the presence of endophytic bacteria. Antifungal activities of the isolates were determined against Aspergillus flavus PTCC 5006, Penicillium citrinum PTCC 5304, Aspergillus fumigatus PTCC 5006, Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 284, and Rhizopus stolonifer. In order to determine the metabolites characteristics of these isolates, catalase and proteolytic enzyme treatments were assessed. Moreover, approximate molecular weights of the antifungal substance were measured by fractionation method and the volatile compounds were determined by using GC-mass spectroscopy. Finally, 16s rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the strain of the bacteria. Twenty-one endophytic bacteria, out of a total of 82 isolates, showed antifungal activities against all five spoilage fungi. The results of the PCR assay revealed two species: Bacillus pumilus and B. safensis. Proteolytic enzyme activities and the fractionation of the supernatants proved that more than one compound was responsible for the antifungal activities. This compound could be proteins, peptides, and other low-molecular compounds, such as Butanal, 3-methyl-, Propene, 2-butene, 2-heptanone, 6-methyl-5-methylene-, and 6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0] hexane, which all were identified in the headspace of the GC-mass spectroscopy.
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Stress-Responsive Alternative Sigma Factor SigB Plays a Positive Role in the Antifungal Proficiency of Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00178-19. [PMID: 30824454 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00178-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different Bacillus species with PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium) activity produce potent biofungicides and stimulate plant defense responses against phytopathogenic fungi. However, very little is known about how these PGPRs recognize phytopathogens and exhibit the antifungal response. Here, we report the antagonistic interaction between Bacillus subtilis and the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides We demonstrate that this bacterial-fungal interaction triggers the induction of the SigB transcription factor, the master regulator of B. subtilis stress adaptation. Dual-growth experiments performed with live or dead mycelia or culture supernatants of F. verticillioides showed that SigB was activated and required for the biocontrol of fungal growth. Mutations in the different regulatory pathways of SigB activation in the isogenic background revealed that only the energy-related RsbP-dependent arm of SigB activation was responsible for specific fungal detection and triggering the antagonistic response. The activation of SigB increased the expression of the operon responsible for the production of the antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptide surfactin (the srfA operon). SigB-deficient B. subtilis cultures produced decreased amounts of surfactin, and B. subtilis cultures defective in surfactin production (ΔsrfA) were unable to control the growth of F. verticillioides In vivo experiments of seed germination efficiency and early plant growth inhibition in the presence of F. verticillioides confirmed the physiological importance of SigB activity for plant bioprotection.IMPORTANCE Biological control using beneficial bacteria (PGPRs) represents an attractive and environment-friendly alternative to pesticides for controlling plant diseases. Different PGPR Bacillus species produce potent biofungicides and stimulate plant defense responses against phytopathogenic fungi. However, very little is known about how PGPRs recognize phytopathogens and process the antifungal response. Here, we report how B. subtilis triggers the induction of the stress-responsive sigma B transcription factor and the synthesis of the lipopeptide surfactin to fight the phytopathogen. Our findings show the participation of the stress-responsive regulon of PGPR Bacillus in the detection and biocontrol of a phytopathogenic fungus of agronomic impact.
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Mandal V, Sen SK, Mandal NC. Detection, Isolation and Partial Characterization of Antifungal Compound(s) Produced by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5 produces antifungal compound(s), as well as bacteriocin, which was isolated from vacuum packed fermented meat. This bacterium exhibits varying degrees of antifungal activity against a number of food and feed borne molds and plant pathogenic fungi, such as Alternaria solani, Aspergillus fumigaus, A. parasiticus, Cladosporium herbarum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Microsporium sp, Mucor sp, and Penicillium sp. The production of antifungal compound(s) showed a great degree of media specificity and it was strictly restricted to MRS agar media. No production of antifungal compounds was detected in TGE, and TGE+ Tween 80 plates, though the latter supported the highest amount of bacteriocin production at 37°C after 24 hrs. Antifungal compound produced by LAB 5 was extracted using diethyl ether. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the compound were determined against Curvularia lunata. Chemically the antifungal substance was a phenolic compound with aromatic unsaturation, as evidenced by UV and IR spectroscopy. This is the first report of the production of antifungal compounds by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Mandal
- Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling 734 101, India
| | - Sukanta K. Sen
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan- 731 235, India
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8
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Isler Ceyhan D, Celekli A, Can C. Relationship between soil composition, diversity and antifungal properties of Bacillus spp. isolated from southeastern Anatolia. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1559095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Isler Ceyhan
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Abuzer Celekli
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Canan Can
- Biology Department, Science and Letter Faculty, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Liang Y, Kong Q, Yao Y, Xu S, Xie X. Fusion expression and anti-Aspergillus flavus activity of a novel inhibitory protein DN-AflR. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 290:184-192. [PMID: 30347354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory gene (aflR) encodes AflR, a positive regulator of transcriptional pathway that activates aflatoxin biosynthesis. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that L-Asp-L-Asn (DN) extracted from Bacillus megaterium inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus. We fused gene encoding DN with the gene encoding specific dinuclear zinc finger cluster protein of AflR, then fusion protein competed with the AflS-AflR complex for the AflR binding site and significantly improved anti-A. flavus activity (growth of A. flavus and biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1) of DN. The fusion gene dn-aflR was cloned into pET32a and recombinant plasmid was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21. The highest expression was observed after 10 h induction and fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography column. Compared with DN, the novel fusion protein DN-AflR significantly inhibited the growth of A. flavus and biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (P < 0.05). This study promoted the use of competitive inhibition of fusion proteins to reduce the expression of regulatory genes in the biosynthetic pathway of aflatoxin. Moreover, it provided more supports for deep research and industrialization of such novel anti-A. flavus bio-inhibitors and biological control of microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Kong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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10
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Mannaa M, Kim KD. Biocontrol Activity of Volatile-Producing Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas protegens Against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. Predominant in Stored Rice Grains: Study II. MYCOBIOLOGY 2018; 46:52-63. [PMID: 29998033 PMCID: PMC6037079 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1454015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, Bacillus megaterium KU143, Microbacterium testaceum KU313, and Pseudomonas protegens AS15 have been shown to be antagonistic to Aspergillus flavus in stored rice grains. In this study, the biocontrol activities of these strains were evaluated against Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium fellutanum, and Penicillium islandicum, which are predominant in stored rice grains. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the bacterial strains were evaluated against the fungi on media and rice grains, respectively. The antifungal activities of the volatiles produced by the strains against fungal development and population were also tested using I-plates. In in vitro tests, the strains produced secondary metabolites capable of reducing conidial germination, germ-tube elongation, and mycelial growth of all the tested fungi. In in vivo tests, the strains significantly inhibited the fungal growth in rice grains. Additionally, in I-plate tests, strains KU143 and AS15 produced volatiles that significantly inhibited not only mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of the fungi on media but also fungal populations on rice grains. GC-MS analysis of the volatiles by strains KU143 and AS15 identified 12 and 17 compounds, respectively. Among these, the antifungal compound, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole, was produced by strain KU143 and the antimicrobial compounds, 2-butyl 1-octanal, dimethyl disulfide, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, and 4-trifluoroacetoxyhexadecane, were produced by strain AS15. These results suggest that the tested strains producing extracellular metabolites and/or volatiles may have a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against the grain fungi. In particular, B. megaterium KU143 and P. protegens AS15 may be potential biocontrol agents against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. during rice grain storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mannaa
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Deok Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Disease and Biocontrol, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Riera N, Handique U, Zhang Y, Dewdney MM, Wang N. Characterization of Antimicrobial-Producing Beneficial Bacteria Isolated from Huanglongbing Escape Citrus Trees. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2415. [PMID: 29375487 PMCID: PMC5770638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome associated with crop plants has a strong impact on their health and productivity. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the bacterial pathogen responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, lives inside the phloem of citrus plants including the root system. It has been suggested that Las negatively affects citrus microbiome. On the other hand, members of citrus microbiome also influence the interaction between Las and citrus. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of multiple putative beneficial bacteria from healthy citrus rhizosphere. Firstly, six bacterial strains showing antibacterial activity against two bacteria closely related to Las: Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Sinorhizobium meliloti were selected. Among them, Burkholderia metallica strain A53 and Burkholderia territorii strain A63 are within the β-proteobacteria class, whereas Pseudomonas granadensis strain 100 and Pseudomonas geniculata strain 95 are within the γ-proteobacteria class. Additionally, two gram-positive bacteria Rhodococcus jialingiae strain 108 and Bacillus pumilus strain 104 were also identified. Secondly, antimicrobial activity against three fungal pathogens: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum acutatum, Phyllosticta citricarpa, and two oomycetes: Phytophthora nicotianae and Phytophthora palmivora. Four bacterial strains Burkholderia territorii A63, Burkholderia metallica A53, Pseudomonas geniculata 95, and Bacillus pumilus 104 were shown to have antagonistic activity against the citrus root pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae based on dual culture antagonist assays and compartmentalized petri dish assays. The four selected bacteria were sequenced. Genes involved in phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and iron acquisition, volatile organic compound production, osmoprotection and osmotic tolerance, phytohormone production, antagonism, and nutrient competition were predicted and discussed related to the beneficial traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Riera
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Utpal Handique
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Megan M. Dewdney
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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González-Vázquez R, Mayorga-Reyes L, Monroy-López A, Reyes-Nava LA, Rivera-Espinoza Y, Azaola-Espinosa A. Antibiotic resistance and tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions of eight hemolytic Bacillus pumilus isolated from pulque, a traditional Mexican beverage. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:447-452. [PMID: 30263563 PMCID: PMC6049431 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional fermented sap beverages from two provinces of Mexico were studied for the isolation of pathogenic bacteria from these beverages. Eight strains of hemolytic Gram positive bacteria, identified as Bacillus pumilus (B. pumilus), were isolated. They showed different antibiotic resistance profiles and tolerances to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. All the B. pumilus isolated were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. Regarding the simulated gastrointestinal conditions, strains S1 and S3 were able to tolerate all the conditions. Hemolytic activity has been associated with a health risk and is often considered as a virulence determinant associated with pathogenicity. Therefore, the hemolytic activity along with the ability to tolerate gastrointestinal conditions and the resistance to antibiotics exhibited by B. pumilus strains S1 and S3 could be associated with a health risk for pulque consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lino Mayorga-Reyes
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City, 04960 Mexico
| | - Armando Monroy-López
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, 07738 Mexico
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Nava
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, 07738 Mexico
| | - Yadira Rivera-Espinoza
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, 07738 Mexico
| | - Alejandro Azaola-Espinosa
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Coyoacán, México City, 04960 Mexico
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13
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Ismail A, Ktari L, Ahmed M, Bolhuis H, Boudabbous A, Stal LJ, Cretoiu MS, El Bour M. Antimicrobial Activities of Bacteria Associated with the Brown Alga Padina pavonica. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1072. [PMID: 27462308 PMCID: PMC4940378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae belonging to the genus Padina are known to produce antibacterial compounds that may inhibit growth of human- and animal pathogens. Hitherto, it was unclear whether this antibacterial activity is produced by the macroalga itself or by secondary metabolite producing epiphytic bacteria. Here we report antibacterial activities of epiphytic bacteria isolated from Padina pavonica (Peacocks tail) located on northern coast of Tunisia. Eighteen isolates were obtained in pure culture and tested for antimicrobial activities. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences the isolates were closely related to Proteobacteria (12 isolates; 2 Alpha- and 10 Gammaproteobacteria), Firmicutes (4 isolates) and Actinobacteria (2 isolates). The antimicrobial activity was assessed as inhibition of growth of 12 species of pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Vibrio alginoliticus, V. proteolyticus, V. vulnificus) and one pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). Among the Firmicutes, isolate P8, which is closely related to Bacillus pumilus, displayed the largest spectrum of growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria tested. The results emphasize the potential use of P. pavonica associated antagonistic bacteria as producers of novel antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ismail
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ktari
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Mehboob Ahmed
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityYerseke, Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | - Henk Bolhuis
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University Yerseke, Netherlands
| | - Abdellatif Boudabbous
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lucas J Stal
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityYerseke, Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariana Silvia Cretoiu
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University Yerseke, Netherlands
| | - Monia El Bour
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies Salammbô, Tunisia
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An in-depth characterization of the entomopathogenic strain Bacillus pumilus 15.1 reveals that it produces inclusion bodies similar to the parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3637-54. [PMID: 26782747 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the local isolate Bacillus pumilus 15.1 has been morphologically and biochemically characterized in order to gain a better understanding of this novel entomopathogenic strain active against Ceratitis capitata. This strain could represent an interesting biothechnological tool for the control of this pest. Here, we report on its nutrient preferences, extracellular enzyme production, motility mechanism, biofilm production, antibiotic suceptibility, natural resistance to chemical and physical insults, and morphology of the vegetative cells and spores. The pathogen was found to be β-hemolytic and susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. We also report a series of biocide, thermal, and UV treatments that reduce the viability of B. pumilus 15.1 by several orders of magnitude. Heat and chemical treatments kill at least 99.9 % of vegetative cells, but spores were much more resistant. Bleach was the only chemical that was able to completely eliminate B. pumilus 15.1 spores. Compared to the B. subtilis 168 spores, B. pumilus 15.1 spores were between 2.67 and 350 times more resistant to UV radiation while the vegetative cells of B. pumilus 15.1 were almost up to 3 orders of magnitude more resistant than the model strain. We performed electron microscopy for morphological characterization, and we observed geometric structures resembling the parasporal crystal inclusions synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis. Some of the results obtained here such as the parasporal inclusion bodies produced by B. pumilus 15.1 could potentially represent virulence factors of this novel and potentially interesting strain.
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Adiguzel A, Nadaroglu H, Adiguzel G. Purification and characterization of [Formula: see text]-mannanase from Bacillus pumilus (M27) and its applications in some fruit juices. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:5292-5298. [PMID: 26243955 PMCID: PMC4519521 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermo alkaline mannanase was purified from the bacteria of Bacillus pumilus (M27) using the techniques of ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S200 gel filtration chromatography with 111-fold and 36 % yield. It was determined that the enzyme had 2 sub-units including 35 kDa and 55 kDa in gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis systems. The optimum pH and temperature was determined as 8 and 60 °C, respectively. It was also noticed that the enzyme did not lose its activity at a wide interval such as pH 3-11 and at high temperatures such as 90 °C. Additionally, the effects of some metal ions on the mannanase enzyme activity. Moreover, the clarifying efficiency of purified mannanase enzyme with some fruit juices such as orange, apricot, grape and apple was also investigated. Enzymatic treatment was carried out with 1 mL L(-1) of purified mannanase for 1 h at 60 °C. It was determined that the highest pure enzyme was efficient upon clarifying the apple juice at 154 % rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Adiguzel
- />Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
- />Department of Food Technology, Erzurum Vocational Training School, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Adiguzel
- />Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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The inhibitory effect of Bacillus megaterium on aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid biosynthetic pathway gene expression in Aspergillus flavus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5161-72. [PMID: 24652062 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is one of the major moulds that colonize peanut in the field and during storage. The impact to human and animal health, and to the economy in agriculture and commerce, is significant since this mold produces the most potent known natural toxins, aflatoxins, which are carcinogenic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and teratogenic. A strain of marine Bacillus megaterium isolated from the Yellow Sea of East China was evaluated for its effect in inhibiting aflatoxin formation in A. flavus through down-regulating aflatoxin pathway gene expression as demonstrated by gene chip analysis. Aflatoxin accumulation in potato dextrose broth liquid medium and liquid minimal medium was almost totally (more than 98 %) inhibited by co-cultivation with B. megaterium. Growth was also reduced. Using expression studies, we identified the fungal genes down-regulated by co-cultivation with B. megaterium across the entire fungal genome and specifically within the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster (aflF, aflT, aflS, aflJ, aflL, aflX). Modulating the expression of these genes could be used for controlling aflatoxin contamination in crops such as corn, cotton, and peanut. Importantly, the expression of the regulatory gene aflS was significantly down-regulated during co-cultivation. We present a model showing a hypothesis of the regulatory mechanism of aflatoxin production suppression by AflS and AflR through B. megaterium co-cultivation.
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Huang X, Yong X, Zhang R, Shen Q, Yang X. The supernatant of Bacillus pumilus SQR-N43 has antifungal activity towards Rhizoctonia solani. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:657-63. [PMID: 23417338 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For clarification of the antagonistic mechanism of Bacillus pumilus SQR-N43 (N43) against Rhizoctonia solani Q1, production of antibiotics by N43 was determined, and the effect of the antibiotics on the pathogen mycelium was microscopically observed. Further more, the control efficiencies of the antifungal compounds on damping-off disease were investigated. The results obtained are listed as follows: N43 produced antibiotic substances towards R. solani Q1 at logarithmic growth phase. The antibiotics caused hyphal deformation and enlargement of cytoplasmic vacuoles in R. solani Q1 mycelia. 70% saturation of ammonium sulfate made a complete precipitation of the antibiotics in culture broth. When treated with protease K and trypsase, the activities of antibiotics were decreased by 79% and 53%, respectively, compared with control. The antibiotics were sensitive to high temperature and were alkaline stable. The molecular weights of the substances were about 500-1000 Da. The bio-control efficiencies of the antibiotics had no significant difference with that of N43 cell suspension. It is a first report that B. pumilus strain produced oligopeptides which had inhibitory effect on R. solani Q1 at logarithmic growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Development of a high-efficient transformation system of Bacillus pumilus strain DX01 to facilitate gene isolation via gfp-tagged insertional mutagenesis and visualize bacterial colonization of rice roots. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abrar M, Anjum FM, Butt MS, Pasha I, Randhawa MA, Saeed F, Waqas K. Aflatoxins: Biosynthesis, Occurrence, Toxicity, and Remedies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:862-74. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.563154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Hassi M, Guendouzi SE, Haggoud A, David S, Ibnsouda S, Houari A, Iraqui M. Antimycobacterial activity of a Brevibacillus laterosporusstrain isolated from a moroccan soil. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1516-22. [PMID: 24031983 PMCID: PMC3769022 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120004000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tuberculosis has become more difficult with the worldwide spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, the prevalence of human disease caused by atypical mycobacteria has also increased in the past two decades and has further complicated the problem of the treatment of mycobacterial infections. It is therefore urgent to develop new highly active molecules against these bacteria. The present study reports the isolation from a Moroccan soil of a Bacillus strain that exhibits an important antimycobacterial activity. The strain was identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus using DNA sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The antimycobacterial activity was assigned to a substance with a protein nature. This nature was revealed using a liquid-liquid extraction with organic solvents, precipitation with ammonium sulfate and treatment with a protease. This study suggested the identification and the characterization of this active metabolite enabling therapeutic investigations further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hassi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Fès , B.P: 2202, Fès , Maroc
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Mukhopadhyay J, Braig HR, Rowton ED, Ghosh K. Naturally occurring culturable aerobic gut flora of adult Phlebotomus papatasi, vector of Leishmania major in the Old World. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35748. [PMID: 22629302 PMCID: PMC3358311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected, vector-borne parasitic disease and is responsible for persistent, often disfiguring lesions and other associated complications. Leishmania, causing zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Old World are mainly transmitted by the predominant sand fly vector, Phlebotomus papatasi. To date, there is no efficient control measure or vaccine available for this widespread insect-borne infectious disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A survey was carried out to study the abundance of different natural gut flora in P. papatasi, with the long-term goal of generating a paratransgenic sand fly that can potentially block the development of Leishmania in the sand fly gut, thereby preventing transmission of leishmania in endemic disease foci. Sand flies, in particular, P. papatasi were captured from different habitats of various parts of the world. Gut microbes were cultured and identified using 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. We found variation in the species and abundance of gut flora in flies collected from different habitats. However, a few Gram-positive, nonpathogenic bacteria including Bacillus flexus and B. pumilus were common in most of the sites examined. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that there is a wide range of variation of aerobic gut flora inhabiting sand fly guts, which possibly reflect the ecological condition of the habitat where the fly breeds. Also, some species of bacteria (B. pumilus, and B. flexus) were found from most of the habitats. Important from an applied perspective of dissemination, our results support a link between oviposition induction and adult gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaba Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Henk R. Braig
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Edgar D. Rowton
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kashinath Ghosh
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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22
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Todorović B, Milijasević-Marčić S, Potočnik I, Stepanović M, Rekanović E, Nikolić-Bujanović L, Cekerevac M. In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas tolaasii, pathogen of cultivated button mushroom. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:175-179. [PMID: 22375589 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.632282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In vitro antibacterial activity tests of seven biofungicides (Ekstrasol, Bisolbisan, Bisolbifit, Serenade, Sonata, Timorex, F-Stop) and two disinfectants (colloidal silver alone and in combination with hydrogen peroxide) against the Pseudomonas tolaasii strain (NS3B6) were carried out by the disc-diffusion, broth microdilution and broth macrodilution method. Biofungicides tested in this study did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity in neither one of the methods used. Disc diffusion method revealed high sensitivity of the tested P. tolaasii strain to Ecocute based on colloidal silver and hydrogen peroxide. Both microdilution and macrodilution methods identified the same MICs and MBCs of Ecocute (0.19 mg/L) for P. tolaasii strain. MICs and MBCs values of silver alone were much higher (10 mg/L) compared to silver in combination with hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Todorović
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
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Toledo A, Alippi A, de Remes Lenicov A. Growth inhibition of Beauveria bassiana by bacteria isolated from the cuticular surface of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli, two important vectors of maize pathogens. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:29. [PMID: 21529147 PMCID: PMC3281398 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The phytosanitary importance of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (De Long and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the planthopper, Delphacodes kuscheli Fennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) lies in their ability to transmit phloem-associated plant pathogens, mainly viruses and mollicutes, and to cause considerable mechanical damage to corn plants during feeding and oviposition. Fungi, particularly some members of the Ascomycota, are likely candidates for biocontrol agents against these insect pests, but several studies revealed their failure to invade the insect cuticle possibly because of the presence of inhibitory compounds such as phenols, quinones, and lipids and also by the antibiosis effect of the microbiota living on the cuticular surface of the host. The present work aims to understand interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamao-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and bacterial antagonists isolated from the cuticular surface of D. maidis and D. kuscheli. A total of 155 bacterial isolates were recovered from the insect's cuticle and tested against B. bassiana. Ninety-one out of 155 strains inhibited the growth of B. bassiana. Bacterial strains isolated from D. maidis were significantly more antagonistic against B. bassiana than those isolates from D. kuscheli. Among the most effective antagonistic strains, six isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaeae (after B. subtilis)), one isolate of B. mycoides Flügge, eight isolates of B. megaterium de Bary, five isolates of B.pumilus Meyer and Gottheil, one isolate of B. licheniformis (Weigmann) Chester, and four isolates of B. subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Toledo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFl), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119, s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A.M. Alippi
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFl), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119, s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A.M.M. de Remes Lenicov
- División Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Caldeira AT, Arteiro JM, Roseiro JC, Neves J, Vicente H. An artificial intelligence approach to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051 cultures: application to the production of anti-fungal compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1496-1502. [PMID: 20801027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of incubation time (IT) and aspartic acid concentration (AA) on the predicted biomass concentration (BC), Bacillus sporulation (BS) and anti-fungal activity of compounds (AFA) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCMI 1051, was studied using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The values predicted by ANN were in good agreement with experimental results, and were better than those obtained when using Response Surface Methodology. The database used to train and validate ANNs contains experimental data of B. amyloliquefaciens cultures (AFA, BS and BC) with different incubation times (1-9 days) using aspartic acid (3-42 mM) as nitrogen source. After the training and validation stages, the 2-7-6-3 neural network results showed that maximum AFA can be achieved with 19.5 mM AA on day 9; however, maximum AFA can also be obtained with an incubation time as short as 6 days with 36.6 mM AA. Furthermore, the model results showed two distinct behaviors for AFA, depending on IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teresa Caldeira
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química e Centro de Química de Évora, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
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25
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Inbakandan D, Murthy PS, Venkatesan R, Khan SA. 16S rDNA sequence analysis of culturable marine biofilm forming bacteria from a ship's hull. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:893-899. [PMID: 21038149 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.530347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria from the hull of a ship in the form of biofilms or microfouling were isolated, cultured, and identified by phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences. With an average length of 946 bp, all the 16 sequences were classified using the Ribosomal database project (RDP) and were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the 16 strains belonged to the Firmicutes (IK-MB6 Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, IK-MB7 Exiguobacterium arabatum, IK-MB8 Exiguobacterium arabatum, IK-MB9 Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius, IK-MB10 Bacillus megaterium, IK-MB11 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB12 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB13 Bacillus pumilus, IK-MB14 Bacillus megaterium), High GC, Gram-positive bacteria (IK-MB2 Micrococcus luteus, IK-MB5 Micrococcus luteus, IK-MB16 Arthrobacter mysorens), G-Proteobacteria (IK-MB3 Halomonas aquamarina, IK-MB15 Halotalea alkalilenta), CFB group bacteria (IK-MB1 Myroides odoratimimus), and Enterobacteria (IK-MB4 Proteus mirabilis). Among the 16 strains, representatives of the Firmicutes were dominant (56.25%) compared to the high GC, Gram-positive bacteria (18.75%), G-Proteobacteria (12.5%), CFB group bacteria (6.25%), and Enterobacteria (6.25%). Analysis revealed that majority of marine species found in marine biofilm are of anthropogenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Inbakandan
- Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.
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Molina CA, Caña-Roca JF, Osuna A, Vilchez S. Selection of a Bacillus pumilus strain highly active against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) larvae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:1320-7. [PMID: 20038689 PMCID: PMC2832396 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01624-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. The medfly is a polyphagous species that causes losses in many crops, which leads to huge economic losses. Entomopathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus have been proven to be safe, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective tools to control pest populations. As no control method for C. capitata based on these bacteria has been developed, isolation of novel strains is needed. Here, we report the isolation of 115 bacterial strains and the results of toxicity screening with adults and larvae of C. capitata. As a result of this analysis, we obtained a novel Bacillus pumilus strain, strain 15.1, that is highly toxic to C. capitata larvae. The toxicity of this strain for C. capitata was related to the sporulation process and was observed only when cultures were incubated at low temperatures before they were used in a bioassay. The mortality rate for C. capitata larvae ranged from 68 to 94% depending on the conditions under which the culture was kept before the bioassay. Toxicity was proven to be a special characteristic of the newly isolated strain, since other B. pumilus strains did not have a toxic effect on C. capitata larvae. The results of the present study suggest that B. pumilus 15.1 could be considered a strong candidate for developing strategies for biological control of C. capitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Alfonso Molina
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan F. Caña-Roca
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Vilchez
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Ghasemi S, Ahmadian G, Jelodar NB, Rahimian H, Ghandili S, Dehestani A, Shariati P. Antifungal chitinases from Bacillus pumilus SG2: preliminary report. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Characterization and selection ofBacillus sp. strains, effective biocontrol agents againstFusarium oxysporum f. sp.radicis-lycopersici, the causal agent of Fusarium crown and root rot in tomato. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03178317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cho KM, Math RK, Hong SY, Asraful Islam SM, Mandanna DK, Cho JJ, Yun MG, Kim JM, Yun HD. Iturin produced by Bacillus pumilus HY1 from Korean soybean sauce (kanjang) inhibits growth of aflatoxin producing fungi. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Adams AS, Six DL, Adams SM, Holben WE. In vitro interactions between yeasts and bacteria and the fungal symbionts of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2008; 56:460-466. [PMID: 18322728 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multi-trophic interactions between prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes, and ecologically intertwined metazoans are presumably common in nature, yet rarely described. The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is associated with two filamentous fungi, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium. Other microbes, including yeasts and bacteria, are also present in the phloem, but it is not known whether they interact with the symbiotic fungi or the host beetle. To test whether such interactions occur, we performed a suite of in vitro assays. Overall, relative yield of O. montium grown with microbes isolated from larval galleries was significantly greater than when the fungus was grown alone. Conversely, the yield of G. clavigera grown with these same microbes was less than or equal to when it was grown alone, suggesting that O. montium, and at least some microbes in larval galleries, have a mutualistic or commensal relationship, while G. clavigera and those same microbes have an antagonistic relationship. A bacterium isolated from phloem not colonized by beetles was found to inhibit growth of both G. clavigera and O. montium and appears to be an antagonist to both fungi. Our results suggest that bacteria and yeasts likely influence the distribution of mycangial fungi in the host tree, which, in turn, may affect the fitness of D. ponderosae.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Basidiomycota/genetics
- Basidiomycota/growth & development
- Coleoptera/microbiology
- Fungi/genetics
- Fungi/growth & development
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phloem
- Pinus
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Symbiosis/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Adams
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Prasanna R, Nain L, Tripathi R, Gupta V, Chaudhary V, Middha S, Joshi M, Ancha R, Kaushik BD. Evaluation of fungicidal activity of extracellular filtrates of cyanobacteria – possible role of hydrolytic enzymes. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 48:186-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200700199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Muscholl-Silberhorn A, Thiel V, Imhoff JF. Abundance and bioactivity of cultured sponge-associated bacteria from the Mediterranean sea. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2008; 55:94-106. [PMID: 17497228 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-007-9255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the search for new antibiotics was combined with quantitative ecological studies. The cultured fraction of the associated bacterial communities from ten different Mediterranean sponge species was investigated. To obtain quantitative and qualitative data of sponge-associated bacterial communities and to expand the cultured diversity, different media were used. The largest morphological diversity and highest yield of isolates was obtained by using oligotrophic media, which consisted of natural habitat seawater amended with (1% additional carbon sources. The dominant bacterial morphotypes were determined and bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity and identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. The sponge-associated most abundant morphotypes were all affiliated to the Alphaproteobacteria and showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the tested strains. In contrast, the ambient seawater was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. One single alphaproteobacterium, which was related to Pseudovibrio denitrificans, was shown to dominate the cultured community of at least six of the sponges. This designated MBIC3368-like alphaproteobacterium has been isolated from sponges before and seems to be restricted to associations with members of the phylum Porifera. It displays a weak and unstable antimicrobial activity, which gets easily lost during cultivation. However, this bioactive bacterium was present in the sponges by up to 10(6) cells per gram wet-weight sponge tissue and dominated the cultured fraction with up to 74%. The association of this alphaproteobacterium with sponges is probably evolutionary young and facultative and possibly involves biologically active secondary metabolites. Besides a demonstrated vertical transfer, additional horizontal transfer between the sponges is assumed. Members of the genus Bacillus displaying antimicrobial activity were found regularly, too. However, actinomycetes, which are known for their production of bioactive substances, were present in very low abundance.
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Yadav V, Mandhan R, Dabur R, Chhillar AK, Gupta J, Sharma GL. A fraction from Escherichia coli with anti-Aspergillus properties. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:375-379. [PMID: 15770023 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The products of various strains of Escherichia coli (BL21, DH5alpha, HB101 and XL Blue) were investigated for antimycotic properties using pathogenic isolates of Aspergillus. Co-culture experiments revealed that E. coli strains exhibited variable activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. The lysates prepared from DH5alpha, HB101 and XL Blue strains of E. coli showed inhibitory activity against A. fumigatus in the protein concentration range of 62.50 to 250.00 microg ml(-1). The highest activity was seen in the lysate of BL21, which inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus completely at a concentration of 31.25 microg protein ml(-1). The MIC of BL21 lysate against Aspergillus niger was found to be 62.50 microg ml(-1). The in vitro toxicity of BL21 lysate was evaluated using a haemolytic assay. A BL21 lysate protein concentration of 1250.00 microg ml(-1) was found to be nontoxic to human erythrocytes. The standard drug amphotericin B lysed 100 % of erythrocytes at a concentration of 37.50 microg ml(-1). SDS-PAGE showed the presence of at least 15 major proteins in the lysate of BL21. Ion-exchange chromatography resolved the BL21 lysate into five fractions and fraction III was found to be endowed with anti-Aspergillus properties. The MIC of this fraction was found to be 3.90 microg ml(-1). Further work on the purification of the active molecule and its characterization is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yadav
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhund University, Jhansi, India
| | - R Mandhan
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhund University, Jhansi, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhund University, Jhansi, India
| | - A K Chhillar
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhund University, Jhansi, India
| | - J Gupta
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhund University, Jhansi, India
| | - G L Sharma
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bundelkhund University, Jhansi, India
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