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Nawa M, Mwansa J, Mwaba J, Kaonga P, Mukubesa AN, Simuyandi M, Chisenga CC, Alabi P, Mwananyanda L, Thea DM, Chilengi R, Kwenda G. Microbiologic and virulence characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from Zambian children presenting with acute pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:3084-3093. [PMID: 36056795 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moraxella catarrhalis is one of the bacterial pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia, but its clinical importance is not clearly defined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the microbiologic and virulence characteristics of M. catarrhalis isolates obtained from children with pneumonia in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed 91 M. catarrhalis isolates from induced sputum samples of children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2014. Bacteria identification and virulence genes detection were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS All the M. catarrhalis isolates were obtained from good-quality sputum samples and were the predominant bacteria. These isolates harbored virulence genes copB (100%), ompE (69.2%), ompCD (71.4%), uspA1 (92.3%), and uspA2 (69.2%) and were all β-lactamase producers. They showed resistance to ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (92.3%), ciprofloxacin (46.2%), chloramphenicol (45.1%), erythromycin (36.3%), tetracycline (25.3%), cefuroxime (11.0%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (2.2%), with 71.4% displaying multi-drug resistant phenotype but all susceptible to imipenem (100%). CONCLUSION This study showed that M. catarrhalis isolates were the predominant or only bacterial isolates from the sputum samples analyzed. The findings provide supportive evidence for the pathogenic potential role of this bacterium in pediatric pneumonia. High multidrug resistance was also observed amongst the isolates, which can result in affected patients not responding to standard treatment, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukena Nawa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - James Mwansa
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, School of Medicine, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Mwaba
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kaonga
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew N Mukubesa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Peter Alabi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lawrence Mwananyanda
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald M Thea
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Zhao N, Ren H, Deng J, Du Y, Li Q, Zhou P, Zhou H, Jiang X, Qin T. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis from Patients and Healthy Asymptomatic Participants among Preschool Children. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090984. [PMID: 36145417 PMCID: PMC9503219 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: M. catarrhalis can ascend into the middle ear, where it is a prevalent causative agent of otitis media in children, or enter the lower respiratory tract, where it is associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this study, we aimed to provide an overview of the prevalence of M. catarrhalis in preschool children. (2) Methods: M. catarrhalis strains were isolated from samples. All isolates were characterized in terms of serotypes (STs), virulence genes, multilocus sequence type, and antibiotic susceptibility. (3) Results: The percentages of strains expressing lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), serotype A, B, C, or unknown were 67.61%, 15.71%, 4.28%, and 12.38%, respectively. Among the strains, 185 (88.10%) carried ompB2, 207 (98.57%) carried ompE, and 151 (71.90%) carried ompCD. The most frequently identified STs were ST449 (n = 13), ST64 (n = 11), and ST215 (n = 10). The resistance rates to the antibiotics cefuroxime, azithromycin, and erythromycin were 43.33%, 28.10%, and 39.05%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: High prevalence of some-specific ST types and high rates of antibiotic resistance indicate the necessity for an increased vigilance of resistant strains, a rational use of antibiotics in preschool children, and most importantly, the surveillance of healthy asymptomatic participants preschool children with M. catarrhalis. Our findings provide a platform for the development of novel M. catarrhalis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Control and Prevention of Zigong City, Zigong 643002, China
| | - Yinju Du
- Disease Control and Prevention of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng 252001, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Control and Prevention of Zigong City, Zigong 643002, China
| | - Pu Zhou
- Disease Control and Prevention of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng 252001, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Xiangkun Jiang
- Disease Control and Prevention of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng 252001, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102211, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-58900783
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3
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Liu YL, Ding R, Jia XM, Huang JJ, Yu S, Chan HT, Li W, Mao LL, Zhang L, Zhang XY, Wu W, Ni AP, Xu YC. Correlation of Moraxella catarrhalis macrolide susceptibility with the ability to adhere and invade human respiratory epithelial cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2055-2068. [PMID: 35904140 PMCID: PMC9448378 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis has been reported, especially among Chinese children. The fitness cost of resistance is reported to render the resistant bacteria less virulent. To investigate the correlation between macrolide susceptibility of M. catarrhalis and pathogenicity, the whole genome of 70 M. catarrhalis isolates belonging to four clonal complexes with different macrolide susceptibilities was sequenced. The gene products were annotated with the Gene Ontology terms. Based on 46 extracted essential virulence genes, 19 representative isolates were selected to infect type II alveolar cells (A549 cells). The ability of these isolates to adhere and invade human epithelial cells and to produce cytokines was comparatively analysed. Furthermore, mice were infected with a pair of M. catarrhalis isolates with different pathogenic behaviours and macrolide susceptibilities to examine pulmonary clearance, histological findings, and the production of cytokines. The percentages of annotations for binding, metabolic process, cellular process, and cell were non-significantly different between the macrolide-resistant and macrolide-susceptible groups. The presence of uspA2, uspA2H, pilO, lbpB, lex1, modM, mboIA, and mboIB significantly differed among the four clonal complexes and macrolide susceptibility groups. Furthermore, compared with those in macrolide-susceptible isolates, the adhesion ability was stronger (P = 0.0019) and the invasion ability was weaker (P < 0.0001) in the macrolide-resistant isolates. Mouse experiments revealed that pulmonary macrophages elicit immune responses against M. catarrhalis infection by significantly upregulating the Csf2, Il4, Il13, Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Il18. Therefore, M. catarrhalis populations exhibited diverse pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Xin-Miao Jia
- Medical Research Center, State Key laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Lei-Li Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Xin-Yao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - An-Ping Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107)
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China (Li Zhang, Employee ID: 10107).,Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
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4
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Morris DE, Osman KL, Cleary DW, Clarke SC. The characterization of Moraxella catarrhalis carried in the general population. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000820. [PMID: 35639578 PMCID: PMC9465073 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of respiratory tract infection, particularly otitis media in children, whilst it is also associated with the onset of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. Despite the need for an efficacious vaccine against M. catarrhalis, no candidates have progressed to clinical trial. This study, therefore, aimed to characterize the diversity of M. catarrhalis isolated from the upper respiratory tract of healthy children and adults, to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of M. catarrhalis and the distribution of genes associated with virulence factors, to aid vaccine efforts. Isolates were sequenced and the presence of target genes reported. Contrary to prevailing data, this study found that lipooligosaccharide (LOS) B serotypes are not exclusively associated with 16S type 1. In addition, a particularly low prevalence of LOS B and high prevalence of LOS C serotypes was observed. M. catarrhalis isolates showed low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and a high gene prevalence for a number of the target genes investigated: ompB2 (also known as copB), ompCD, ompE, ompG1a, ompG1b, mid (also known as hag), mcaP, m35, tbpA, lbpA, tbpB, lbpB, msp22, msp75 and msp78, afeA, pilA, pilQ, pilT, mod, oppA, sbp2, mcmA and mclS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E. Morris
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Karen L. Osman
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David W. Cleary
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stuart C. Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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5
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Ysebaert C, Castado C, Mortier MC, Rioux S, Feron C, Di Paolo E, Weynants V, Blais N, Devos N, Hermand P. UspA2 is a cross-protective Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine antigen. Vaccine 2021; 39:5641-5649. [PMID: 34446318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) is a key pathogen associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults and playing a significant role in otitis media in children. A vaccine would help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. UspA2 is an Mcat surface antigen considered earlier as vaccine candidate before the interest in this molecule vanished due to sequence variability. However, the observation that some conserved domains are the target of bactericidal antibodies prompted us to reconsider UspA2 as a potential vaccine antigen. We first determined its prevalence among the COPD patients from the AERIS study, as the prevalence of UspA2 in a COPD-restricted population had yet to be documented. The gene was found in all Mcat isolates either as UspA2 or UspA2H variant. The percentage of UspA2H variant was higher than in any report so far, reaching 51%. A potential link between the role of UspA2H in biofilm formation and this high prevalence is discussed. To study further UspA2 as a vaccine antigen, recombinant UspA2 molecules were designed and used in animal models and bactericidal assays. We showed that UspA2 is immunogenic and that UspA2 immunization clears Mcat pulmonary challenge in a mouse model. In a serum bactericidal assay, anti-UspA2 antibodies generated in mice, guinea pigs or rabbits were able to kill Mcat strains of various origins, including a subset of isolates from the AERIS study, cross-reacting with UspA2H and even UspA1, a closely related Mcat surface protein. In conclusion, UspA2 is a cross-reactive Mcat antigen presenting the characteristics of a vaccine candidate.
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6
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Tzani-Tzanopoulou P, Skliros D, Megremis S, Xepapadaki P, Andreakos E, Chanishvili N, Flemetakis E, Kaltsas G, Taka S, Lebessi E, Doudoulakakis A, Papadopoulos NG. Interactions of Bacteriophages and Bacteria at the Airway Mucosa: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 1:617240. [PMID: 35386933 PMCID: PMC8974763 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2020.617240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the primary site where inhaled and resident microbiota interacts between themselves and the host, potentially playing an important role on allergic asthma development and pathophysiology. With the advent of culture independent molecular techniques and high throughput technologies, the complex composition and diversity of bacterial communities of the airways has been well-documented and the notion of the lungs' sterility definitively rejected. Recent studies indicate that the microbial composition of the asthmatic airways across the spectrum of disease severity, differ significantly compared with healthy individuals. In parallel, a growing body of evidence suggests that bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or simply phages), regulating bacterial populations, are present in almost every niche of the human body and can also interact directly with the eukaryotic cells. The triptych of airway epithelial cells, bacterial symbionts and resident phages should be considered as a functional and interdependent unit with direct implications on the respiratory and overall homeostasis. While the role of epithelial cells in asthma pathophysiology is well-established, the tripartite interactions between epithelial cells, bacteria and phages should be scrutinized, both to better understand asthma as a system disorder and to explore potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tzani-Tzanopoulou
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research of the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, GA, United States
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Lebessi
- Department of Microbiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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7
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Genotypic differences in CC224, CC363, CC449 and CC446 of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates based on whole genome SNP, MLST and PFGE typing. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 310:151357. [PMID: 31570247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary path of M. catarrhalis from macrolide-susceptible to macrolide-resistant organism, is important for hindering macrolide resistance from propagation. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome SNP typing (WGST), as useful and practical typing tools, have both advantages and disadvantages. We studied the utility of these 3 typing methods, including the level of agreement, consistency and drawbacks, in characterizing M. catarrhalis clones and clonal complexes. We focused on four clonal complexes [CC224, CC363, CC449 (CCN10) and CC446 (CCN08)] and found that PFGE and WGST had a high level of agreement and a proper consistency of the same clone or very closely related clones, while MLST is less discriminatory for different clones. Furthermore, we also established an evolutionary distance cut-off value for "The same clone". Moreover, we detected macrolide-resistant M. catarrhalis in CC224, which had previously been considered as a macrolide-susceptible clonal complex. A higher number of isolates belonged to ST215 compared to ST446, implying that ST215 is more likely to be the primary founder. Our study also demonstrated that all the four clonal complexes belong to the M. catarrhalis lineage 1, which is considered to be related to increased virulence potential and serum resistance. We also observed that copB II was highly related to CC449 and LOS type B was mainly confined in CC224. In conclusion, these findings provide further insight into the evolutionary characteristics of M. catarrhalis.
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8
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Silva MD, Sillankorva S. Otitis media pathogens – A life entrapped in biofilm communities. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:595-612. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1660616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniela Silva
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO – Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO – Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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9
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Warnke P, Köller T, Kreikemeyer B, Barrantes I, Mach H, Podbielski A. Molecular epidemiology study of a nosocomial Moraxella catarrhalis outbreak in a neurological rehabilitation unit. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:27-34. [PMID: 31054937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moraxella catarrhalis is a common agent causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly of ventilated patients. The bacteria are transmitted between humans by direct and indirect contacts. However, reports of nosocomial outbreaks by this pathogen are scarce. AIM To analyse M. catarrhalis strains isolated during an outbreak in a medical rehabilitation centre to reveal their clonal relationship and to elucidate potential transmission routes. METHODS Extensive environmental and medical staff sampling was performed. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of 15 isolates were executed, including repetitive element palindromic polymerase chain reaction (repPCR) and whole-genome sequencing. Furthermore, an intensified hygiene regimen was installed. FINDINGS The clonal nature of nine patient isolates and a simultaneous presence of separate entities including a strain isolated from a physician during staff screening was confirmed. Although neither asymptomatic carriers among the staff persons nor outbreak strain-contaminated fomites were identified for a specific intervention, the outbreak ceased due to maximum general and specific hygiene precautions. Retrospective analysis showed the increasing prevalence of M. catarrhalis strains over a period of two years before the incidence. Since then and after returning to the regular hygiene regimen, only one patient with a phenotypically diverse M. catarrhalis isolate has been documented. CONCLUSION The first M. catarrhalis outbreak involving nine patients of a neurological and trauma rehabilitation centre was reported. Potential transmission pathways were discussed. Comprehensive outbreak analyses insinuated the extension of routine laboratory storage time for defined species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Warnke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology & Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany.
| | - T Köller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology & Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - B Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology & Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - I Barrantes
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - H Mach
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Waldeck-Schwaan, Germany
| | - A Podbielski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology & Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
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10
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Blakeway LV, Tan A, Lappan R, Ariff A, Pickering JL, Peacock CS, Blyth CC, Kahler CM, Chang BJ, Lehmann D, Kirkham LAS, Murphy TF, Jennings MP, Bakaletz LO, Atack JM, Peak IR, Seib KL. Moraxella catarrhalis Restriction-Modification Systems Are Associated with Phylogenetic Lineage and Disease. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2932-2946. [PMID: 30335144 PMCID: PMC6241649 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-adapted pathogen, and a major cause of otitis media (OM) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The species is comprised of two main phylogenetic lineages, RB1 and RB2/3. Restriction–modification (R-M) systems are among the few lineage-associated genes identified in other bacterial genera and have multiple functions including defense against foreign invading DNA, maintenance of speciation, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we define the repertoire of R-M systems in 51 publicly available M. catarrhalis genomes and report their distribution among M. catarrhalis phylogenetic lineages. An association with phylogenetic lineage (RB1 or RB2/3) was observed for six R-M systems, which may contribute to the evolution of the lineages by restricting DNA transformation. In addition, we observed a relationship between a mutually exclusive Type I R-M system and a Type III R-M system at a single locus conserved throughout a geographically and clinically diverse set of M. catarrhalis isolates. The Type III R-M system at this locus contains the phase-variable Type III DNA methyltransferase, modM, which controls a phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). We observed an association between modM presence and OM-associated middle ear isolates, indicating a potential role for ModM-mediated epigenetic regulation in OM pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke V Blakeway
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aimee Tan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachael Lappan
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amir Ariff
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janessa L Pickering
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher S Peacock
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Chilren's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charlene M Kahler
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara J Chang
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah Lehmann
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lea-Ann S Kirkham
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy F Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian R Peak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate L Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Król-Turmińska K, Olender A. Alternations in DNA gyrase genes in low-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in Poland. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1047-1053. [PMID: 30122961 PMCID: PMC6084068 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s162006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis clinical strains isolated in Lublin, Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 non-duplicate clinical strains of M. catarrhalis were obtained from individuals with signs of upper respiratory tract infection. Bacterial identification was corroborated on the basis of phenotypic and biochemical characteristics as well as with the use of molecular tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility of M. catarrhalis isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method and Etest. Mutations in the gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase (parC and parE) genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. RESULTS It was observed that 16.7% of the studied isolates were drug resistant. Resistance to tetracycline was detected for 12% of the strains. Resistance to nalidixic acid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin was exhibited by 2.7% of the strains; 1.3% of the strains were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 0.7% to erythromycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the four strains demonstrating fluoroquinolone resistance were: 6-12 mg/L for nalidixic acid, 1-1.5 mg/L for levofloxacin, 1 mg/L for moxifloxacin, and 0.25-0.5 mg/L for ciprofloxacin. The research resulted in the detection of mutations in 4 strains, in gyrase gyrA and gyrB genes. In gyrA gene, there occurred mutation G412C as well as four silent transition mutations. Within gyrB gene, there occurred mutation, substitution A1481G, as well as two identical silent mutations. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that resistance to fluoroquinolones in M. catarrhalis is connected with amino acid substitutions in gyrA and gyrB genes. To our knowledge, this work is the first description of fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical strains of M. catarrhalis with described mutations in gyrA and gyrB genes isolated in Poland and in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Olender
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,
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12
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Augustyniak D, Seredyński R, McClean S, Roszkowiak J, Roszniowski B, Smith DL, Drulis-Kawa Z, Mackiewicz P. Virulence factors of Moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles are major targets for cross-reactive antibodies and have adapted during evolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4955. [PMID: 29563531 PMCID: PMC5862889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a common human respiratory tract pathogen. Its virulence factors associated with whole bacteria or outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) aid infection, colonization and may induce specific antibodies. To investigate pathogen-host interactions, we applied integrated bioinformatic and immunoproteomic (2D-electrophoresis, immunoblotting, LC-MS/MS) approaches. We showed that OMV proteins engaged exclusively in complement evasion and colonization strategies, but not those involved in iron transport and metabolism, are major targets for cross-reacting antibodies produced against phylogenetically divergent M. catarrhalis strains. The analysis of 31 complete genomes of M. catarrhalis and other Moraxella revealed that OMV protein-coding genes belong to 64 orthologous groups, five of which are restricted to M. catarrhalis. This species showed a two-fold increase in the number of OMV protein-coding genes relative to its ancestors and animal-pathogenic Moraxella. The appearance of specific OMV factors and the increase in OMV-associated virulence proteins during M. catarrhalis evolution is an interesting example of pathogen adaptation to optimize colonization. This precisely targeted cross-reactive immunity against M. catarrhalis may be an important strategy of host defences to counteract this phenomenon. We demonstrate that cross-reactivity is closely associated with the anti-virulent antibody repertoire which we have linked with adaptation of this pathogen to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Seredyński
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physical Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD O'Brien Centre for Science West, B304, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justyna Roszkowiak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Roszniowski
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Darren L Smith
- Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Ellison Building EBD222, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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13
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Blakeway LV, Tan A, Peak IRA, Seib KL. Virulence determinants of Moraxella catarrhalis: distribution and considerations for vaccine development. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1371-1384. [PMID: 28893369 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted opportunistic bacterial pathogen of the respiratory mucosa. It frequently colonizes the nasopharynx asymptomatically, but is also an important causative agent of otitis media (OM) in children, and plays a significant role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. As the current treatment options for M. catarrhalis infection in OM and exacerbations of COPD are often ineffective, the development of an efficacious vaccine is warranted. However, no vaccine candidates for M. catarrhalis have progressed to clinical trials, and information regarding the distribution of M. catarrhalis virulence factors and vaccine candidates is inconsistent in the literature. It is largely unknown if virulence is associated with particular strains or subpopulations of M. catarrhalis, or if differences in clinical manifestation can be attributed to the heterogeneous expression of specific M. catarrhalis virulence factors in the circulating population. Further investigation of the distribution of M. catarrhalis virulence factors in the context of carriage and disease is required so that vaccine development may be targeted at relevant antigens that are conserved among disease-causing strains. The challenge of determining which of the proposed M. catarrhalis virulence factors are relevant to human disease is amplified by the lack of a standardized M. catarrhalis typing system to facilitate direct comparisons of worldwide isolates. Here we summarize and evaluate proposed relationships between M. catarrhalis subpopulations and specific virulence factors in the context of colonization and disease, as well as the current methods used to infer these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke V Blakeway
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aimee Tan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian R A Peak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate L Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Liu YL, Xiao M, Cheng JW, Xu HP, Xu ZP, Ye S, Zhang WJ, Kudinha T, Kong F, Xu YC. Moraxella catarrhalis Macrolide-Resistant Isolates Are Highly Concentrated in Two MLST Clonal Complexes -CCN10 and CC363. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:201. [PMID: 28239374 PMCID: PMC5300973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain some insights into the molecular evolution of Moraxella catarrhalis macrolide resistance, PCR and sequencing analysis of the 23S rRNA gene, copB typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on 181 M. catarrhalis isolates. The isolates were obtained from children (n = 47) and adults (n = 134) presenting with respiratory disease in the years 2010–2014. Macrolide resistance was highly age-related, and nucleotide position alterations at A2330T could be detected in all macrolide-resistant isolates. copB 0 and copB NT (non-typable) were only found in macrolide-susceptible isolates from adults. Furthermore, copB I/III was the main type in adult or macrolide-susceptible isolates, while copB II was the most common type in children or macrolide-resistant isolates. Twenty-two different MLST clusters (sharing 7 of the 8 identical loci) were detected and only four likely primary founders (ST224, ST363, STN08, and STN10) which belong to clonal complex (CC) 224, CC363, CCN08, and CCN10, were detected, respectively. Macrolide-resistant M. catarrhalis isolates were highly concentrated in two CCs (CCN10 and CC363), which indicates some potential evolutionary advantage or co-evolution to some extent. However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the evolution of CCN10 and CC363 in macrolide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - He-Ping Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Sha Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bazhou People's Hospital Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University/Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Baoding Hebei, China
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- Charles Sturt University, Orange Campus, OrangeNSW, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, WestmeadNSW, Australia
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW, Australia
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China
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15
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Earl JP, de Vries SPW, Ahmed A, Powell E, Schultz MP, Hermans PWM, Hill DJ, Zhou Z, Constantinidou CI, Hu FZ, Bootsma HJ, Ehrlich GD. Comparative Genomic Analyses of the Moraxella catarrhalis Serosensitive and Seroresistant Lineages Demonstrate Their Independent Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:955-74. [PMID: 26912404 PMCID: PMC4860680 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial speciesMoraxella catarrhalishas been hypothesized as being composed of two distinct lineages (referred to as the seroresistant [SR] and serosensitive [SS]) with separate evolutionary histories based on several molecular typing methods, whereas 16S ribotyping has suggested an additional split within the SS lineage. Previously, we characterized whole-genome sequences of 12 SR-lineage isolates, which revealed a relatively small supragenome when compared with other opportunistic nasopharyngeal pathogens, suggestive of a relatively short evolutionary history. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing on 18 strains from both ribotypes of the SS lineage, an additional SR strain, as well as four previously identified highly divergent strains based on multilocus sequence typing analyses. All 35 strains were subjected to a battery of comparative genomic analyses which clearly show that there are three lineages-the SR, SS, and the divergent. The SR and SS lineages are closely related, but distinct from each other based on three different methods of comparison: Allelic differences observed among core genes; possession of lineage-specific sets of core and distributed genes; and by an alignment of concatenated core sequences irrespective of gene annotation. All these methods show that the SS lineage has much longer interstrain branches than the SR lineage indicating that this lineage has likely been evolving either longer or faster than the SR lineage. There is evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) within both of these lineages, and to a lesser degree between them. In particular, we identified very high rates of HGT between these two lineages for ß-lactamase genes. The four divergent strains aresui generis, being much more distantly related to both the SR and SS groups than these other two groups are to each other. Based on average nucleotide identities, gene content, GC content, and genome size, this group could be considered as a separate taxonomic group. The SR and SS lineages, although distinct, clearly form a single species based on multiple criteria including a large common core genome, average nucleotide identity values, GC content, and genome size. Although neither of these lineages arose from within the other based on phylogenetic analyses, the question of how and when these lineages split and then subsequently reunited in the human nasopharynx is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Earl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stefan P W de Vries
- Present address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Azad Ahmed
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Evan Powell
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Matthew P Schultz
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Darryl J Hill
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fen Z Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hester J Bootsma
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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16
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Koppen IJN, Bosch AATM, Sanders EAM, van Houten MA, Bogaert D. The respiratory microbiota during health and disease: a paediatric perspective. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2015; 6:90-100. [PMID: 31641583 PMCID: PMC5922343 DOI: 10.15172/pneu.2015.6/656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies investigating the relationship between the microbiota and disease are demonstrating novel concepts that could significantly alter the way we treat disease and promote health in the future. It is suggested that the microbiota acquired during childhood may shape the microbial community and affect immunological responses for later life, and could therefore be important in the susceptibility towards disease. Several diseases, including asthma, pneumonia, and otitis media, are associated with changes in composition and diversity of the respiratory microbiota. This review summarises current literature, focusing on the composition and development of the respiratory microbiota in children and its relationship with respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan J N Koppen
- 112Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,212Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid A T M Bosch
- 112Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands.,212Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- 112Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Debby Bogaert
- 112Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. No vaccine is currently available for M. catarrhalis. Promising M. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the detailed features and research status of current candidate target antigens for an M. catarrhalis vaccine. The approaches for assessing M. catarrhalis vaccine efficacy are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Targeting the key molecules contributing to serum resistance may be a viable strategy to identify effective vaccine targets among M. catarrhalis antigens. Elucidating the role and mechanisms of the serum and mucosal immune responses to M. catarrhalis is significant for vaccine target selection, testing and evaluation. Developing animal models closely simulating M. catarrhalis-caused human respiratory diseases is of great benefit in better understanding pathogenesis and evaluating vaccine efficacy. Carrying out clinical trials will be a landmark in the progress of M. catarrhalis vaccine research. Combined multicomponent vaccines will be a focus of future M. catarrhalis vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Ren
- a 1 Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital , 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA +1 585 922 3706 ;
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- b 2 Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital , 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Xu H, Xu Z, Kudinha T, Fan X, Xiao M, Kong F, Sun H, Xu Y. High-Level Macrolide-Resistant Moraxella catarrhalis and Development of an Allele-Specific PCR Assay for Detection of 23S rRNA Gene A2330T Mutation: A Three-Year Study at a Chinese Tertiary Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:507-11. [PMID: 25923017 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates is less common in adults than in children. However, few studies have investigated M. catarrhalis macrolide resistance mechanisms in adult patients. In this study, 124 M. catarrhalis isolates were collected from adult patients in a Chinese tertiary hospital, between 2010 and 2013, and investigated for antimicrobial resistance. We found that only seven isolates were macrolide resistant and all exhibited high-level macrolide resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations >256 μg/ml). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) suggested that M. catarrhalis has a diverse population; in particular, both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST revealed that all the seven high-level macrolide-resistant M. catarrhalis belonged to different clones. A 934-bp 23S rRNA gene sequencing showed that only nine isolates (including all the seven macrolide-resistant isolates) had mutations within the studied region, and only the seven macrolide-resistant isolates had mutation of A2330T. No other known macrolide-resistance determinant genes (ermA, ermB, mefA, or mefE) were detected. These findings support previous studies in children on M. catarrhalis macrolide-resistant isolates and suggest that the 23S rRNA gene A2330T mutation is responsible for the high M. catarrhalis macrolide resistance. The findings prompted us to successfully develop a simple allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for high-level macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA gene A2330T mutation for future clinical and further surveillance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Xu
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- 3 Charles Sturt University , Orange, New South Wales, Australia .,4 Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney , Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xin Fan
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanrong Kong
- 4 Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney , Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hongli Sun
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Augustyniak D, Piekut M, Majkowska-Skrobek G, Skała J. Bactericidal, opsonophagocytic and anti-adhesive effectiveness of cross-reactive antibodies against Moraxella catarrhalis. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftu026. [PMID: 25743473 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-restricted significant respiratory tract pathogen. The bacteria accounts for 15-20% of cases of otitis media in children and is an important causative agent of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. The acquisition of new M. catarrhalis strains plays a central role in the pathogenesis of both mentioned disorders. The antibody-dependent immune response to this pathogen is critical for its effective elimination. Thus, the knowledge about the protective threshold of cross-reactive antibodies with defined functionality seems to be important. The complex analysis of broad-spectrum effectiveness of cross-reactive antibodies against M. catarrhalis has never been performed. The goal of the present study was to demonstrate and compare the bactericidal, opsonophagocytic and blocking function of cross-reacting antibodies produced in response to this bacterium or purified outer membrane proteins incorporated in Zwittergent-based micelles. The multivalent immunogens were used in order to better mimic the natural response of the host. The demonstrated broad-spectrum effectiveness of cross-reactive antibodies in pathogen eradication or inhibition strongly indicates that this pool of antibodies by recognition of pivotal shared M. catarrhalis surface epitopes seems to be an essential additional source to control host-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Piekut
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Majkowska-Skrobek
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Skała
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Yi H, Yong D, Lee K, Cho YJ, Chun J. Profiling bacterial community in upper respiratory tracts. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:583. [PMID: 25391813 PMCID: PMC4236460 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by pathogenic viruses results in rapid epithelial damage and significantly impacts on the condition of the upper respiratory tract, thus the effects of viral infection may induce changes in microbiota. Thus, we aimed to define the healthy microbiota and the viral pathogen-affected microbiota in the upper respiratory tract. In addition, any association between the type of viral agent and the resultant microbiota profile was assessed. METHODS We analyzed the upper respiratory tract bacterial content of 57 healthy asymptomatic people (17 health-care workers and 40 community people) and 59 patients acutely infected with influenza, parainfluenza, rhino, respiratory syncytial, corona, adeno, or metapneumo viruses using culture-independent pyrosequencing. RESULTS The healthy subjects harbored primarily Streptococcus, whereas the patients showed an enrichment of Haemophilus or Moraxella. Quantifying the similarities between bacterial populations by using Fast UniFrac analysis indicated that bacterial profiles were apparently divisible into 6 oropharyngeal types in the tested subjects. The oropharyngeal types were not associated with the type of viruses, but were rather linked to the age of the subjects. Moraxella nonliquefaciens exhibited unprecedentedly high abundance in young subjects aged <6 years. The genome of M. nonliquefaciens was found to encode various proteins that may play roles in pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 6 oropharyngeal microbiome types. No virus-specific bacterial profile was discovered, but comparative analysis of healthy adults and patients identified a bacterium specific to young patients, M. nonliquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Yi
- School of Biosystem and Biomedial Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungwon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Jongsik Chun
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biological Sciences & Institute of Bioinformatics (BIOMAX), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Theoga Raj CJ, Shankar EM, Rothan HA, Rao UA. Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 24:270-8. [PMID: 25277715 DOI: 10.1159/000367662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis, a less virulent microorganism that colonizes the upper respiratory tract, has recently been associated with lower respiratory disease, especially in HIV-positive immunocompromised individuals and children. Here, we correlated the DNA clustering pattern of 24 clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis for β-lactamase production and drug resistance, from different disease groups using three different arbitrarily selected primers, P1 (5'-TCACGATGCA-3'), P14 (5'-GATCAAGTCC-3') and P17 (5'-GATCTGACAC-3'). M. catarrhalis revealed three distinct banding patterns with primer P1, four with P14 and P17. 71% (n = 17) of the isolates revealed pattern 2 with primer P1, which discriminated majority (12/21) of the isolates grouped under the major branch of the dendrogram. The minor branch had only three isolates. Separation of M. catarrhalis into two subpopulations (major and minor clusters) with primer P1 is suggestive of diverse genetic lineage. A high level of concordance between RAPD and antibiotic profile was observed. Clustering of M. catarrhalis recovered from different disease groups reflect the identical clinical background or the common geographical/temporal factors. The presence or absence of β-lactamase in a cluster confirmed their single source of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christol James Theoga Raj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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22
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Mawas F, Ho MM, Corbel MJ. Current progress withMoraxella catarrhalisantigens as vaccine candidates. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:77-90. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.8.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Murphy TF, Chonmaitree T, Barenkamp S, Kyd J, Nokso-Koivisto J, Patel JA, Heikkinen T, Yamanaka N, Ogra P, Swords WE, Sih T, Pettigrew MM. Panel 5: Microbiology and immunology panel. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:E64-89. [PMID: 23536533 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812459636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature from January 2007 through June 2011 on the virology, bacteriology, and immunology related to otitis media. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS Three subpanels with co-chairs comprising experts in the virology, bacteriology, and immunology of otitis media were formed. Each of the panels reviewed the literature in their respective fields and wrote draft reviews. The reviews were shared with all panel members, and a second draft was created. The entire panel met at the 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2011 and discussed the review and refined the content further. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by the panel. CONCLUSION Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing an understanding of the microbiology and immunology of otitis media. Advances include laboratory-based basic studies, cell-based assays, work in animal models, and clinical studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The advances of the past 4 years formed the basis of a series of short-term and long-term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhao C, Zhang F, Chen H, Chen M, Wang H. High prevalence and molecular analysis of macrolide-nonsusceptible Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from nasopharynx of healthy children in China. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 18:417-26. [PMID: 22394083 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three hundred eighty-three isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis were collected from healthy children aged less than 2 years in China and assessed for antimicrobial resistance. We found that 92.2% (n=353) produced a β-lactamase. Nonsusceptibility rates to erythromycin and azithromycin, determined using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints, were 40.3% and 22.5%, respectively; nonsusceptibility rates determined using pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics breakpoints, however, were 59% and 60.1%. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)(90) values were >256 μg/ml. Nonsusceptibility rates varied by region from 9.7% in Dongguan to 75.9% in Jinan. Further, concomitant resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was also observed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 27/37 high-level macrolide-resistant M. catarrhalis isolates showed that closely related pulsotypes dominated, with a total of 11 different pulsotypes being observed. The closely related pulsotypes were observed in isolates originating from all six Chinese cities investigated, possibly as a consequence of the mobility of the Chinese population. Sixteen patterns of 23S rRNA mutations were found among 97 selected isolates using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, but no known ermA, ermB, mefA, or mefE genes could be detected. Mutations A2982T and A2796T in 23S rRNA were related to high-level macrolide resistance (MICs ranging from 24 to >256 μg/ml), while an A2983T mutation was associated with low-level macrolide resistance (MICs ranging from 0.19 to 16 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Hays J. Mobile genetic elements in Moraxella catarrhalis. Mob Genet Elements 2011; 1:155-158. [PMID: 22016866 DOI: 10.4161/mge.1.2.17632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative diplococcus that is a strict human pathogen, which for a long period of time was regarded as a simple commensal. Research now shows that this organism is a pathogen its own right and is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Further, there appears to be a dichotomy in the pathogenic potential of M. catarrhalis with upper respiratory tract infections mainly occurring in children, and lower respiratory tract infections mainly occurring in adults with predisposing pulmonary complications e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hays
- Deptartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Temporal development of the humoral immune response to surface antigens of Moraxella catarrhalis in young infants. Vaccine 2011; 29:5603-10. [PMID: 21704103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary Moraxella catarrhalis-specific humoral immune response, and its association with nasopharyngeal colonization, was studied in a cohort of infants from birth to 2 years of age. Results indicated that the levels of antigen-specific IgG, IgA and IgM showed extensive inter-individual variability over time, with IgM and IgA levels to all 9 recombinant domains, from 7 different OMPs, being relatively low throughout the study period. In contrast, the level of antigen-specific IgG was significantly higher for the recombinant domains Hag³⁵⁸⁻⁸⁵³, MID⁷⁶⁴⁻⁹¹³, MID⁹⁶²⁻¹²⁰⁰, UspA1⁵⁵⁷⁻⁷⁰⁴ and UspA2¹⁶⁵⁻³¹⁸ in cord blood compared to 6 months of age (P ≤ 0.001). This was a most likely a consequence of maternal transmission of antigen-specific IgG to newborn babies, possibly indicating a future role for these 3 surface antigens in the development of an effective humoral immune response to M. catarrhalis. Finally, at 2 years of age, the levels of antigen-specific IgG still remained far below that obtained from cord blood samples, indicating that the immune response to M. catarrhalis has not matured at 2 years of age. We provide evidence that a humoral antibody response to OMPs UspA1, UspA2 and Hag/MID may play a role in the immune response to community acquired M. catarrhalis colonization events.
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27
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Mitov IG, Gergova RT, Ouzounova-Raykova VV. Distribution of Genes Encoding Virulence Factors ompB2, ompCD, ompE, β-Lactamase and Serotype in Pathogenic and Colonizing Strains of Moraxella catarrhalis. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:530-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Verhaegh SJC, Snippe ML, Levy F, Verbrugh HA, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Moll HA, van Belkum A, Hays JP. Colonization of healthy children by Moraxella catarrhalis is characterized by genotype heterogeneity, virulence gene diversity and co-colonization with Haemophilus influenzae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 157:169-178. [PMID: 20847012 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.042929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The colonization dynamics of Moraxella catarrhalis were studied in a population comprising 1079 healthy children living in Rotterdam, The Netherlands (the Generation R Focus cohort). A total of 2751 nasal swabs were obtained during four clinic visits timed to take place at 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months of age, yielding a total of 709 M. catarrhalis and 621 Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Between January 2004 and December 2006, approximate but regular 6-monthly cycles of colonization were observed, with peak colonization incidences occurring in the autumn/winter for M. catarrhalis, and winter/spring for H. influenzae. Co-colonization was significantly more likely than single-species colonization with either M. catarrhalis or H. influenzae, with genotypic analysis revealing no clonality for co-colonizing or single colonizers of either bacterial species. This finding is especially relevant considering the recent discovery of the importance of H. influenzae-M. catarrhalis quorum sensing in biofilm formation and host clearance. Bacterial genotype heterogeneity was maintained over the 3-year period of the study, even within this relatively localized geographical region, and there was no association of genotypes with either season or year of isolation. Furthermore, chronological and genotypic diversity in three immunologically important M. catarrhalis virulence genes (uspA1, uspA2 and hag/mid) was also observed. This study indicates that genotypic variation is a key factor contributing to the success of M. catarrhalis colonization of healthy children in the first years of life. Furthermore, variation in immunologically relevant virulence genes within colonizing populations, and even within genotypically identical M. catarrhalis isolates, may be a result of immune evasion by this pathogen. Finally, the factors facilitating M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae co-colonization need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J C Verhaegh
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L Snippe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Foster Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Henri A Verbrugh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Genome analysis of Moraxella catarrhalis strain BBH18, [corrected] a human respiratory tract pathogen. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:3574-83. [PMID: 20453089 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00121-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human-restricted respiratory tract pathogen that is a common cause of childhood otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. Here, we report the first completely assembled and annotated genome sequence of an isolate of M. catarrhalis, strain RH4, which originally was isolated from blood of an infected patient. The RH4 genome consists of 1,863,286 nucleotides that form 1,886 protein-encoding genes. Comparison of the RH4 genome to the ATCC 43617 contigs demonstrated that the gene content of both strains is highly conserved. In silico phylogenetic analyses based on both 16S rRNA and multilocus sequence typing revealed that RH4 belongs to the seroresistant lineage. We were able to identify almost the entire repertoire of known M. catarrhalis virulence factors and mapped the members of the biosynthetic pathways for lipooligosaccharide, peptidoglycan, and type IV pili. Reconstruction of the central metabolic pathways suggested that RH4 relies on fatty acid and acetate metabolism, as the genes encoding the enzymes required for the glyoxylate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the gluconeogenic pathway, the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, the beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids, and acetate metabolism were present. Moreover, pathways important for survival under challenging in vivo conditions, such as the iron-acquisition pathways, nitrogen metabolism, and oxidative stress responses, were identified. Finally, we showed by microarray expression profiling that approximately 88% of the predicted coding sequences are transcribed under in vitro conditions. Overall, these results provide a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of M. catarrhalis pathogenesis and vaccine development.
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Khan MA, Northwood JB, Levy F, Verhaegh SJC, Farrell DJ, Van Belkum A, Hays JP. bro {beta}-lactamase and antibiotic resistances in a global cross-sectional study of Moraxella catarrhalis from children and adults. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:91-7. [PMID: 19889789 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare and contrast the geographic and demographic distribution of bro beta-lactamase and antibiotic MIC(50/90) for 1440 global Moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained from children and adults between 2001 and 2002. METHODS One thousand four hundred and forty M. catarrhalis isolates originating from seven world regions were investigated. The isolates were recovered from 411 children <5 years of age and 1029 adults >20 years of age. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was performed to determine bro prevalence and to distinguish between bro types. MIC values of 12 different antibiotics were determined using the CLSI (formerly NCCLS) broth microdilution method. RESULTS Of the 1440 isolates, 1313 (91%) possessed the bro-1 gene and 64 (4%) possessed the bro-2 gene. Additionally, the prevalence of bro positivity between the child and adult age groups was significantly different (P < 0.0001), though bro-1 and bro-2 prevalences within age groups were not significantly different. Consistently higher beta-lactam MICs were observed for M. catarrhalis isolates originating in the Far East. Significant correlations in MICs were observed for several antibiotic combinations, including all five beta-lactams with each other, and among the two quinolones. CONCLUSIONS The worldwide prevalence of bro gene carriage in clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis is now approaching 95%, with children significantly more likely to harbour bro-positive isolates than adults. Further, statistically significant differences in the distribution of beta-lactam MICs were observed between different world regions, particularly with respect to the Far East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq A Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Molecular aspects of Moraxella catarrhalis pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:389-406, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19721084 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00007-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. Further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in M. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. Additionally, in order to be successful in the host, M. catarrhalis has to be able to interact and compete with the commensal flora and overcome stressful environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with M. catarrhalis virulence and pathogenesis.
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Hays JP. The evaluation of putative endogenous control housekeeping genes for real-time polymerase chain reaction expression studies in Moraxella catarrhalis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 65:323-6. [PMID: 19717264 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of endogenous control genes in real-time polymerase chain reaction gene expression studies involving Moraxella catarrhalis are rare. This study shows that a combination of the iron sequestering gene copB and 16S rRNA genes would be useful for lineage 1 (16S rRNA type 1) isolates, but not lineage 2 (16S rRNA types 2 and 3) isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hag mediates adherence of Moraxella catarrhalis to ciliated human airway cells. Infect Immun 2009; 77:4597-608. [PMID: 19667048 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00212-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human pathogen causing otitis media in infants and respiratory infections in adults, particularly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The surface protein Hag (also designated MID) has previously been shown to be a key adherence factor for several epithelial cell lines relevant to pathogenesis by M. catarrhalis, including NCIH292 lung cells, middle ear cells, and A549 type II pneumocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that Hag mediates adherence to air-liquid interface cultures of normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) exhibiting mucociliary activity. Immunofluorescent staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that the M. catarrhalis wild-type isolates O35E, O12E, TTA37, V1171, and McGHS1 bind principally to ciliated NHBE cells and that their corresponding hag mutant strains no longer associate with cilia. The hag gene product of M. catarrhalis isolate O35E was expressed in the heterologous genetic background of a nonadherent Haemophilus influenzae strain, and quantitative assays revealed that the adherence of these recombinant bacteria to NHBE cultures was increased 27-fold. These experiments conclusively demonstrate that the hag gene product is responsible for the previously unidentified tropism of M. catarrhalis for ciliated NHBE cells.
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Identification of domains of the Hag/MID surface protein recognized by systemic and mucosal antibodies in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following clearance of Moraxella catarrhalis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:653-9. [PMID: 19321697 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00460-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of respiratory tract infection in the setting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adults with COPD acquire and clear strains of M. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract continuously and develop strain-specific protection following clearance of a strain. In previous work, we identified Hag/MID (Moraxella immunoglobulin D-binding protein), a large multifunctional surface protein that acts as an adhesin and hemagglutinin, as a target of antibody responses in adults with COPD after clearance of M. catarrhalis. The goal of the present study was to characterize the domains of Hag/MID to which humans make antibodies, including both systemic and mucosal antibody responses. Analysis of recombinant peptide constructs, which spanned the M. catarrhalis strain O35E Hag/MID protein, with well-characterized serum and sputum samples revealed that most adults with COPD made antibodies directed toward a region of the molecule bounded by amino acids 706 to 863. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA purified from sputum both recognized the same domain. Some flanking sequence of this fragment was necessary for the epitope(s) in this region to maintain its conformation to bind human antibodies. These results reveal that humans consistently generate both systemic and mucosal antibody responses to an immunodominant region of the Hag/MID molecule, which was previously shown to overlap with several biologically relevant domains, including epithelial cell adherence, IgD binding, collagen binding, and hemagglutination.
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Abstract
SUMMARYWe report an objective examination of nosocomial transmission events derived from long-term (10-year) data from a single medical centre. Cluster analysis, based on the temporal proximity of genetically identical isolates of the respiratory pathogenMoraxella catarrhalis, identified 40 transmission events involving 33 of the 52 genotypes represented by multiple isolates. There was no evidence of highly transmissible or outbreak-prone genotypes. Although most clusters were small (mean size 3·6 isolates) and of short duration (median duration 25 days), clustering accounted for 38·7% of all isolates. Significant risk factors for clustering were multi-bed wards, and winter and spring season, but bacterial antibiotic resistance, manifested as the ability to produce a β-lactamase was not a risk factor. The use of cluster analysis to identify transmission events and its application to long-term data demonstrate an approach to pathogen transmission that should find wide application beyond hospital populations.
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