1
|
Mao Q, Ye Q, Xu Y, Jiang J, Fan Y, Zhuang L, Liu G, Wang T, Zhang Z, Feng T, Kong S, Lu J, Zhang H, Wang H, Lin CP. Murine trophoblast organoids as a model for trophoblast development and CRISPR-Cas9 screening. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2992-3008.e7. [PMID: 38056451 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The placenta becomes one of the most diversified organs during placental mammal radiation. The main in vitro model for studying mouse trophoblast development is the 2D differentiation model of trophoblast stem cells, which is highly skewed to certain lineages and thus hampers systematic screens. Here, we established culture conditions for the establishment, maintenance, and differentiation of murine trophoblast organoids. Murine trophoblast organoids under the maintenance condition contain stem cell-like populations, whereas differentiated organoids possess various trophoblasts resembling placental ones in vivo. Ablation of Nubpl or Gcm1 in trophoblast organoids recapitulated their deficiency phenotypes in vivo, suggesting that those organoids are valid in vitro models for trophoblast development. Importantly, we performed an efficient CRISPR-Cas9 screening in mouse trophoblast organoids using a focused sgRNA (single guide RNA) library targeting G protein-coupled receptors. Together, our results establish an organoid model to investigate mouse trophoblast development and a practicable approach to performing forward screening in trophoblast lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Mao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qinying Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunhao Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhenwu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Teng Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Chao-Po Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farisoğullari N, Tanaçan A, Sakcak B, Denizli R, Özkavak OO, Turgut E, Kara Ö, Yazihan N, Şahin D. The Association of Serum Midkine Level with Invasion in Placenta Previa: A Case-Control Study from a Tertiary Reference Center. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:557-564. [PMID: 38126935 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the relationship between serum midkine levels and placental invasion in pregnant women with placenta previa. The study group consisted of 43 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa, whereas the control group consisted of 60 healthy pregnant women. Serum midkine levels were compared between pregnant women with placenta previa and the control group in this study's first part. Thereafter, the utility of midkine in the prediction of the abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) was investigated and optimal cutoff values were calculated. Significantly higher serum midkine level was observed in placenta previa cases than in the controls (1.16 ng/mL vs. 0.18 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Serum midkine level was also significantly higher in the AIP group among the placenta previa cases (P = 0.004). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cutoff value of the midkine level in predicting AIP was 1.19 ng/mL. This study revealed that the serum midkine level is higher in pregnant women with AIP. Maternal serum midkine level may be used as a complementary biomarker to the radiological and clinical findings for the prediction of the AIP in placenta previa cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Farisoğullari
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Atakan Tanaçan
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Bedri Sakcak
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Denizli
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Osman Onur Özkavak
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Turgut
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kara
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Internal Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Şahin
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sakcak B, Tanacan A, Denizli R, Farisogullari N, Onur Ozkavak O, Turgut E, Kara O, Yazihan N, Sahin D. Evaluation of Midkine levels in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes: A cohort study from a tertiary hospital. Cytokine 2023; 164:156141. [PMID: 36746097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess midkine (MK) levels in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and compare them to healthy pregnant women. We also assessed the performance of the maternal serum MK level in predicting neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requirement in the PPROM group. METHODS Forty pregnant women who presented to our clinic at 24-37 gestational weeks and were diagnosed with PPROM were included in the study group. During the same period, 40 healthy pregnant women at similar gestational weeks were randomly selected as the control group. Clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers, and serum MK levels were compared between the groups. The same parameters were then compared between the PPROM cases with and without NICU requirement. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of MK for NICU requirement. RESULTS The PPROM and control groups were similar in terms of demographics. The MK level of the pregnant woman with PPROM was significantly higher than that of the controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the MK levels of the cases with and without NICU requirement in the PPROM group. In the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of was found to be 0.287, at which it had 63 % sensitivity and 65 % specificity (area under the curve(AUC): 0.78, 95 % confidence interval(CI): 0.683-0.881, p < 0.001) for the prediction of NICU requirement in cases with PPROM. In the same analysis performed for the prediction of PPROM, when the optimal cut-off value was taken as 0.298, MK had 56 % sensitivity and 60 % specificity (AUC: 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.522-0.770, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Serum MK seems to be associated with complicated inflammatory processes leading to PPROM, and this novel marker has the potential to predict NICU requirement in PPROM cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bedri Sakcak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atakan Tanacan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Denizli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihat Farisogullari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Onur Ozkavak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Turgut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Internal Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sahin
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oluklu D, Beser DM, Hendem DU, Kara O, Yazihan N, Sahin D. Maternal serum midkine level in fetal growth restriction: a case-control study. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:396-402. [PMID: 35607756 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare maternal serum midkine (MK) level in pregnant women with idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) and healthy. In addition, we assessed the value of maternal serum MK level in predicting neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. METHODS A total of 144 pregnant women were included, 72 with idiopathic FGR and 72 healthy in this study. The control group was matched for the mother's age, parity, gestational age, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with the idiopathic FGR group at the time of recruitment into the study and sample collection. RESULTS Serum MK level is higher in the idiopathic FGR than the control group (0.24 ng/mL (0.19-0.32) vs. 0.18 ng/mL (0.14-0.23), p<0.001). In addition, we compared the maternal serum MK level of those with and without NICU admission in the FGR group (0.25 ng/mL (0.19-0.37) vs. 0.21 ng/mL (0.18-0.28), p=0.014). We performed ROC curve analysis to serum MK level predicting NICU admission in the FGR group (AUC: 0.668, %95 CI [0.550, 0.785], p=0.014). A sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 62% for the serum MK level were achieved with a cut-off value of 0.22 for NICU admission. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare maternal serum MK level in pregnant women with idiopathic FGR and healthy. We showed that maternal serum MK level was significantly elevated in pregnant women with FGR than healthy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Oluklu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Menekse Beser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Uyan Hendem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Internal Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim DH, Cho HJ, Park CY, Cho MS, Kim DW. Transplantation of PSA-NCAM-Positive Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promotes Functional Recovery in an Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1349-1358. [PMID: 36036887 PMCID: PMC9679075 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent impairment of motor and sensory functions at and below the lesion site. There is no therapeutic option to the functional recovery of SCI involving diverse injury responses of different cell types in the lesion that limit endogenous nerve regeneration. In this regard, cell replacement therapy utilizing stem cells or their derivatives has become a highly promising approach to promote locomotor recovery. For this reason, the demand for a safe and efficient multipotent cell source that can differentiate into various neural cells is increasing. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of human polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive neural precursor cells (hNPCsPSA-NCAM+) as a treatment for SCI. METHODS One hundred thousand hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ isolated from human embryonic stem cell-derived NPCs were transplanted into the lesion site by microinjection 7 days after contusive SCI at the thoracic level. We examined the histological characteristics of the graft and behavioral improvement in the SCI rats 10 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS Locomotor activity improvement was estimated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Behavioral tests revealed that the transplantation of the hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ into the injured spinal cords of rats significantly improved locomotor function. Histological examination showed that hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ had differentiated into neural cells and successfully integrated into the host tissue with no evidence of tumor formation. We investigated cytokine expressions, which led to the early therapeutic effect of hNPCsPSA-NCAM+, and found that some undifferentiated NPCs still expressed midkine, a well-known neurotrophic factor involved in neural development and inflammatory responses, 10 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ serve as a safe and efficient cell source which has the potential to improve impaired motor function following SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Chul-Yong Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Myung Soo Cho
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Majaj M, Weckbach LT. Midkine—A novel player in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1003104. [PMID: 36204583 PMCID: PMC9530663 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a 13-kDa heparin-binding cytokine and growth factor with anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, that enable it to partake in a series of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the past, research revolving around MK has concentrated on its roles in reproduction and development, tissue protection and repair as well as inflammatory and malignant processes. In the recent few years, MK's implication in a wide scope of cardiovascular diseases has been rigorously investigated. Nonetheless, there is still no broadly accepted consensus on whether MK exerts generally detrimental or favorable effects in cardiovascular diseases. The truth probably resides somewhere in-between and depends on the underlying physiological or pathophysiological condition. It is therefore crucial to thoroughly examine and appraise MK's participation in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we introduce the MK gene and protein, its multiple receptors and signaling pathways along with its expression in the vascular system and its most substantial functions in cardiovascular biology. Further, we recapitulate the current evidence of MK's expression in cardiovascular diseases, addressing the various sources and modes of MK expression. Moreover, we summarize the most significant implications of MK in cardiovascular diseases with particular emphasis on MK's advantageous and injurious functions, highlighting its ample diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Also, we focus on conflicting roles of MK in a number of cardiovascular diseases and try to provide some clarity and guidance to MK's multifaceted roles. In summary, we aim to pave the way for MK-based diagnostics and therapies that could present promising tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Majaj
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Marina Majaj ;
| | - Ludwig T. Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ludwig T. Weckbach
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hutchinson PE, Pringle JH. Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:408-424. [PMID: 35445563 PMCID: PMC9322395 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that Vitamin D has a beneficial, inhibitory effect on cancer development and subsequent progression, including melanoma (MM), and favourable MM outcome has been reported as directly related to vitamin D3 status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3 ) levels taken at diagnosis. It has been recommended that MM patients with deficient levels of 25(OH)D3 be given vitamin D3 . We examine possible beneficial or detrimental effects of treating established cancer with vitamin D3 . We consider the likely biological determinants of cancer outcome, the reported effects of vitamin D3 on these in both cancerous and non-cancerous settings, and how the effect of vitamin D3 might change depending on the integrity of tumour vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling. We would argue that the effect of defective tumour VDR signalling could result in loss of suppression of growth, reduction of anti-tumour immunity, with potential antagonism of the elimination phase and enhancement of the escape phase of tumour immunoediting, possibly increased angiogenesis but continued suppression of inflammation. In animal models, having defective VDR signalling, vitamin D3 administration decreased survival and increased metastases. Comparable studies in man are lacking but in advanced disease, a likely marker of defective VDR signalling, studies have shown modest or no improvement in outcome with some evidence of worsening. Work is needed in assessing the integrity of tumour VDR signalling and the safety of vitamin D3 supplementation when defective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. Pringle
- Leicester Cancer Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Context-aware deconvolution of cell-cell communication with Tensor-cell2cell. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3665. [PMID: 35760817 PMCID: PMC9237099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell interactions determine phenotypes, and intercellular communication is shaped by cellular contexts such as disease state, organismal life stage, and tissue microenvironment. Single-cell technologies measure the molecules mediating cell–cell communication, and emerging computational tools can exploit these data to decipher intercellular communication. However, current methods either disregard cellular context or rely on simple pairwise comparisons between samples, thus limiting the ability to decipher complex cell–cell communication across multiple time points, levels of disease severity, or spatial contexts. Here we present Tensor-cell2cell, an unsupervised method using tensor decomposition, which deciphers context-driven intercellular communication by simultaneously accounting for multiple stages, states, or locations of the cells. To do so, Tensor-cell2cell uncovers context-driven patterns of communication associated with different phenotypic states and determined by unique combinations of cell types and ligand-receptor pairs. As such, Tensor-cell2cell robustly improves upon and extends the analytical capabilities of existing tools. We show Tensor-cell2cell can identify multiple modules associated with distinct communication processes (e.g., participating cell–cell and ligand-receptor pairs) linked to severities of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Thus, we introduce an effective and easy-to-use strategy for understanding complex communication patterns across diverse conditions. Cellular contexts such as disease state, organismal life stage and tissue microenvironment, shape intercellular communication, and ultimately affect an organism’s phenotypes. Here, the authors present Tensor-cell2cell, an unsupervised method for deciphering context-driven intercellular communication.
Collapse
|
9
|
Karg MM, John L, Refaian N, Buettner C, Rottmar T, Sommer J, Bock B, Resheq YJ, Ksander BR, Heindl LM, Mackensen A, Bosch JJ. Midkine promotes metastasis and therapeutic resistance via mTOR/RPS6 in uveal melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1320-1336. [PMID: 35503453 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma that originates in the eye, exerts widespread therapeutic resistance and displays an inherent propensity for hepatic metastases. Since metastatic disease is characterized by poor survival, there is an unmet clinical need to identify new therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Here, we show that the pleiotropic cytokine midkine is expressed in uveal melanoma. Midkine expression in primary uveal melanoma significantly correlates with poor survival and is elevated in patients that develop metastatic disease. Monosomy 3 and histopathological staging parameters are associated with midkine expression. In addition, we demonstrate that midkine promotes survival, migration across a barrier of hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells and resistance to AKT/mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, midkine is secreted and mediates mTOR activation by maintaining phosphorylation of the mTOR target RPS6 in uveal melanoma cells. Therefore, midkine is identified as a uveal melanoma cell survival factor that drives metastasis and therapeutic resistance, and could be exploited as a biomarker as well as a new therapeutic target. Implications: Midkine is identified as a survival factor that drives liver metastasis and therapeutic resistance in melanoma of the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas John
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nasrin Refaian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne and Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Buettner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Mackensen
- Dept. of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oluklu D, Menekse Beser D, Uyan Hendem D, Sinaci S, Turgut E, Yazihan N, Sahin D. Maternal serum midkine level increases in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:329-332. [PMID: 35236197 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2045937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare maternal serum midkine level in pregnant women with different types of diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy pregnant women. We also assessed maternal serum midkine level performance to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in the DM group. METHODS The study included 57 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 41 pregnant women with preexisting DMThe control group consisted of 98 healthy pregnant women. RESULTS Serum midkine level is higher in the DM group than healthy ones (0.93 ± 0.8 vs. 0.23 ± 0.2, p<.001). When the diabetic groups were compared, the highest serum midkine level was found in GDM, followed by Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM (1.33 ± 0.9 ng/ml, 0.58 ± 0.5 ng/ml vs. 0.30 ± 0.2, respectively). Maternal serum midkine level was higher in the DM group with adverse perinatal outcomes than those without adverse outcomes, but there was no statistical difference (0.97 ± 0.91vs. 0.87 ± 0.73, p=.571). CONCLUSIONS Serum midkine level was significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM, Type 1, and 2 DM than healthy ones. Serum midkine level did not predict adverse neonatal outcomes in the DM group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Oluklu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Menekse Beser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Uyan Hendem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcan Sinaci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Turgut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Internal Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bergantini L, Mainardi A, d’Alessandro M, Cameli P, Bennett D, Bargagli E, Sestini P. Common Molecular Pathways Between Post-COVID19 Syndrome and Lung Fibrosis: A Scoping Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:748931. [PMID: 35308222 PMCID: PMC8931519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.748931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanism of post-Covid-19 pulmonary fibrosis is currently a topic of intense research interest, but still largely unexplored. The aim of this work was to carry out a systematic exploratory search of the literature (Scoping review) to identify and systematize the main pathogenetic mechanisms that are believed to be involved in this phenomenon, in order to highlight the same molecular aspect of the lung. These aims could be essential in the future for therapeutic management. We identified all primary studies involving in post COVID19 syndrome with pulmonary fibrosis as a primary endpoint by performing data searches in various systematic review databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed all abstracts (398) and full text data. The quality of study has been assess through SANRA protocol. A total of 32 studies involving were included, included the possible involvement of inflammatory cytokines, concerned the renin-angiotensin system, the potential role of galectin-3, epithelial injuries in fibrosis, alveolar type 2 involvement, Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the others implied other specific aspects (relationship with clinical and mechanical factors, epithelial transition mesenchymal, TGF-β signaling pathway, midkine, caspase and macrophages, genetics). In most cases, these were narrative reviews or letters to the editor, except for 10 articles, which presented original data, albeit sometimes in experimental models. From the development of these researches, progress in the knowledge of the phenomenon and hopefully in its prevention and therapy may originate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergantini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Respiratory Diseases and Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
mdka Expression Is Associated with Quiescent Neural Stem Cells during Constitutive and Reactive Neurogenesis in the Adult Zebrafish Telencephalon. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020284. [PMID: 35204047 PMCID: PMC8870249 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish display an extraordinary capacity to heal injuries and repair damage in the central nervous system. Pivotal for the regenerative capacity of the zebrafish brain at adult stages is the precise control of neural stem cell (NSC) behavior and the maintenance of the stem cell pool. The gene mdka, a member of a small family of heparin binding growth factors, was previously shown to be involved in regeneration in the zebrafish retina, heart, and fin. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of the gene mdka and its paralogue mdkb in the zebrafish adult telencephalon under constitutive and regenerative conditions. Our findings show that only mdka expression is specifically restricted to the telencephalic ventricle, a stem cell niche of the zebrafish telencephalon. In this brain region, mdka is particularly expressed in the quiescent stem cells. Interestingly, after brain injury, mdka expression remains restricted to the resting stem cell, which might suggest a role of mdka in regulating stem cell quiescence.
Collapse
|
13
|
Moayednia M, Dehghani L, Safi A, Shaygannejad V, Sohrabi K, Rezvani M, Akrami MR, Soghrati M, Aboutalebi MM, Barzegar M. The Serum Level of Midkine in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:199-204. [PMID: 34925716 PMCID: PMC8672672 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.1009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, is involved in neurological diseases by mediating the inflammatory responses through enhancing the leukocyte migration. The present study assesses the serum concentration of this growth factor among newly developed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) patients. Methods The present research, as a cross-sectional study, was performed at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan City, Iran. All samples were selected from patients who visited Kashani and Alzahra hospitals for two years (2014 to 2016). The MK level was assessed in 80 new MS cases, 80 NMO patients, and 80 healthy subjects. After collecting blood sera samples, MK serum level was measured using the ELISA. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS. Results The Mean±SD MK level was 1038.58±44.73 pg/mL in the MS group, which was significantly higher than the Mean±SD MK level in the NMO (872.62±55.42 pg/mL) and control groups (605.02±9.42 pg/mL). Conclusion Overall, these results demonstrated that MK plays a prominent role in inflammatory reactions and neuroautoimmune diseases, especially in MS. So, the MK level may be used for earlier diagnosis and also prevention of disease progression by using a special inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moayednia
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Safi
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Sohrabi
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Rezvani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Akrami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Soghrati
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Aboutalebi
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barzegar
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Serum midkine level might be a diagnostic tool for COVID19 disease in pregnancy: From the disease severity, hospitalization and disease progression respects. Cytokine 2021; 149:155751. [PMID: 34739899 PMCID: PMC8556549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the COVID-19 disease are the most important topics to be studied recently. We aimed to investigate the association between midkine levels and disease severity in pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS Totally 186 pregnant women were participated in this study. 96 of them were healthy pregnant women, 90 of them were pregnant women with COVID19. Pregnant women were evaluated according to their trimesters. Serum midkine level, biochemical profile clinical and disease severity outcomes of pregnant women were obtained. RESULTS Our results showed that pregnant women with COVID19 have significantly increased serum midkine level compared to healthy pregnant women (1.801 ± 0.977 vs 0.815 ± 0.294 ng/dL). According to the data among each trimester, it was shown that there were significant increase in serum midkine level during all pregnancy trimesters (1st trimester Control Group: 0.714 ± 0.148, COVID-19 group 1.623 ± 0.824, p < 0.0001; 2nd trimester Control Group: 0.731 ± 0.261, COVID-19 group 2.059 ± 1.146, p < 0.0001; 3rd trimester Control Group: 1.0 ± 0.35, COVID-19 group 1.723 ± 0.907, p = 0.001). Serum midkine levels were significantly different between disease severity subgroups of pregnant women with COVID19; moderate and severe/critic groups had significantly higher serum midkine level than mild group. There was also significant correlation between serum midkine level and severity status (p:0.0001, r: 0.468). The most striking results of serum midkine levels were corelation between length of hospitalization (p: 0.01, r: 0.430) and O2 saturation (p < 0.0001, r: -0.521). ROC curve analysis showed that serum midkine level might be a tool for predicting COVID-19 in pregnant women with COVID-19 (AUC: 0.912, 95% CI: [0.871, 0.952], p < 0.0001) CONCLUSION: Our data showed that there is an obvious relation between COVID19 progression and serum midkine level for the first time which might be used for monitoring the disease process.
Collapse
|
15
|
Metwalley KA, Farghaly HS, Gabri MF, Abdel-Aziz SM, Ismail AM, Raafat DM, Elnakeeb IF. Midkine: Utility as a Predictor of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:293-299. [PMID: 33565751 PMCID: PMC8388054 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2020.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the role of serum midkine (MK) as a biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) before microalbuminuria emerges. Methods A total of 120 children with T1DM, comprising 60 microalbuminuric patients (Group 1), 60 normoalbuminuric patients (Group 2), and 60 healthy participants as a control group (Group 3) were included. Detailed medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory assessment of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c percentage (HbA1c%), lipid profile, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), serum MK and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine were performed in all participants. Results Both Group 1 and Group 2 had significantly higher serum MK compared to controls (p<0.001). Additionally, significantly higher MK concentrations were present in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the MK concentration cutoff value of 1512 pg/mL was able to predict microalbuminuria with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 92%. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that HbA1c%, hs-CRP, and ACR were independently related to MK levels (p<0.001 for each). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that serum MK is a useful, novel, practical marker for the evaluation of renal involvement in children with T1DM, especially in normoalbuminuric children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hekma Saad Farghaly
- Assiut University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Duaa Mohamed Raafat
- Assiut University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Islam Fathy Elnakeeb
- Aswan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Aswan, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Experimental agents to improve fracture healing: utilizing the WNT signaling pathway. Injury 2021; 52 Suppl 2:S44-S48. [PMID: 33234263 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The process of bone healing largely recapitulates bone development in the embryo and ideally achieves complete restoration of bone shape and structure. However, because successful fracture healing requires tight interactions of numerous cell types and signaling molecules, any disruption of this highly coordinated processes can result in delayed healing or even non-union formation. The rate of fracture healing complications in orthopedic patients is reported to be 5-20%. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies to improve fracture healing in patients with healing complications. One treatment strategy would include the easy and safe application of a pharmacological agent inducing osteoanabolic effects during fracture healing. One potential promising molecular target is the osteoanabolic WNT signaling pathway. This pathway plays an important role during embryonic bone development, homeostasis, mechanotransduction, development of osteoporosis and bone regeneration. This review focuses on preclinical studies targeting WNT signaling molecules to accelerate fracture healing. The three main investigated antagonists of the WNT signaling pathway, which can be blocked experimentally by antibodies, are Sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 and Midkine. Treating animals with antibodies against these proteins enhanced bone formation in the fracture callus. This indicates a therapeutic potential for these antibodies to accelerate fracture healing in patients with orthopedic complications.
Collapse
|
17
|
Nagashima M, Hitchcock PF. Inflammation Regulates the Multi-Step Process of Retinal Regeneration in Zebrafish. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040783. [PMID: 33916186 PMCID: PMC8066466 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regenerate tissues varies between species and between tissues within a species. Mammals have a limited ability to regenerate tissues, whereas zebrafish possess the ability to regenerate almost all tissues and organs, including fin, heart, kidney, brain, and retina. In the zebrafish brain, injury and cell death activate complex signaling networks that stimulate radial glia to reprogram into neural stem-like cells that repair the injury. In the retina, a popular model for investigating neuronal regeneration, Müller glia, radial glia unique to the retina, reprogram into stem-like cells and undergo a single asymmetric division to generate multi-potent retinal progenitors. Müller glia-derived progenitors then divide rapidly, numerically matching the magnitude of the cell death, and differentiate into the ablated neurons. Emerging evidence reveals that inflammation plays an essential role in this multi-step process of retinal regeneration. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the inflammatory events during retinal regeneration and highlights the mechanisms whereby inflammatory molecules regulate the quiescence and division of Müller glia, the proliferation of Müller glia-derived progenitors and the survival of regenerated neurons.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanino G, Bosco M, Terrazzano G. Physiology of Midkine and Its Potential Pathophysiological Role in COVID-19. Front Physiol 2020; 11:616552. [PMID: 33414726 PMCID: PMC7783444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.616552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV2 infection not only causes abnormal severe pneumonia but also induces other relevant pathophysiological effects on several tissues and organs. In this regard, the clinical complications observed in COVID-19 include acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, myocarditis and, in the severe cases, the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Literature on COVID-19 highlighted the central role of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in the determinism of SARS-CoV2 cellular internalization in the target tissues. Lung degeneration and respiratory distress appear to be dependent on the perturbance of physiological mechanisms, such as the uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a dysregulation of the fibrinolytic coagulative cascade and the hyperactivation of immune effector cells. In this mini review, we address the physiology of Midkine, a growth factor able to bind heparin, and its pathophysiological potential role in COVID-19 determinism. Midkine increases in many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and correlates with several dysfunctional immune-inflammatory responses that appear to show similarities with the pathophysiological elicited by SARS-CoV2. Midkine, together with its receptor, could facilitate the virus entry, fostering its accumulation and increasing its affinity with Ace2 receptor. We also focus on Netosis, a particular mechanism of pathogen clearance exerted by neutrophils, which under certain pathological condition becomes dysfunctional and can cause tissue damage. Moreover, we highlight the mechanism of autophagy that the new coronavirus could try to escape in order to replicate itself, as well as on pulmonary fibrosis induced by hypoxia and on the release of cytokines and mediators of inflammation, correlating the interplay between Midkine and SARS-CoV2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sanino
- Farmacia Municipale 2, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) CN1, Fossano, Italy
| | - Martino Bosco
- Anatomia Patologica, Hospital “Michele e Pietro Ferrero”, Verduno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cerezo-Wallis D, Contreras-Alcalde M, Troulé K, Catena X, Mucientes C, Calvo TG, Cañón E, Tejedo C, Pennacchi PC, Hogan S, Kölblinger P, Tejero H, Chen AX, Ibarz N, Graña-Castro O, Martinez L, Muñoz J, Ortiz-Romero P, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Gómez-López G, Al-Shahrour F, Rabadán R, Levesque MP, Olmeda D, Soengas MS. Midkine rewires the melanoma microenvironment toward a tolerogenic and immune-resistant state. Nat Med 2020; 26:1865-1877. [PMID: 33077955 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An open question in aggressive cancers such as melanoma is how malignant cells can shift the immune system to pro-tumorigenic functions. Here we identify midkine (MDK) as a melanoma-secreted driver of an inflamed, but immune evasive, microenvironment that defines poor patient prognosis and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistically, MDK was found to control the transcriptome of melanoma cells, allowing for coordinated activation of nuclear factor-κB and downregulation of interferon-associated pathways. The resulting MDK-modulated secretome educated macrophages towards tolerant phenotypes that promoted CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In contrast, genetic targeting of MDK sensitized melanoma cells to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatment. Emphasizing the translational relevance of these findings, the expression profile of MDK-depleted tumors was enriched in key indicators of a good response to immune checkpoint blockers in independent patient cohorts. Together, these data reveal that MDK acts as an internal modulator of autocrine and paracrine signals that maintain immune suppression in aggressive melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Contreras-Alcalde
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Troulé
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Catena
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cynthia Mucientes
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tonantzin G Calvo
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Cañón
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejedo
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula C Pennacchi
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Hogan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Tejero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew X Chen
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departament of Systems Biology, Departament of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nuria Ibarz
- Proteomics Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and ProteoRed-ISCIII, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Martinez
- Proteomics Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and ProteoRed-ISCIII, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz-Romero
- Dermatology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense Madrid Medical School, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Rodriguez-Peralto
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense Madrid Medical School, Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense Madrid Medical School, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Rabadán
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departament of Systems Biology, Departament of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Olmeda
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María S Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cai YQ, Lv Y, Mo ZC, Lei J, Zhu JL, Zhong QQ. Multiple pathophysiological roles of midkine in human disease. Cytokine 2020; 135:155242. [PMID: 32799009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a low molecular-weight protein that was first identified as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene involved in embryonic development. Recent studies have indicated that MK levels are related to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal disease and autoimmune disease. MK is a growth factor involved in multiple pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, the repair of damaged tissues and cancer. The pathophysiological roles of MK are diverse. MK enhances the recruitment and migration of inflammatory cells upon inflammation directly and also through induction of chemokines, and contributes to tissue damage. In lung endothelial cells, oxidative stress increased the expression of MK, which induced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and the consequent conversion from Ang I to Ang II, leading to further oxidative stress. MK inhibited cholesterol efflux from macrophages by reducing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, which is involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting that MK is an important positive factor involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, MK can regulate the expansion, differentiation and activation of T cells as well as B-cell survival; mediate angiogenic and antibacterial activity; and possess anti-apoptotic activity. In this paper, we summarize the pathophysiological roles of MK in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Cai
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiashun Lei
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jing-Ling Zhu
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qiao-Qing Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
A balanced inflammatory response is important for successful fracture healing. The response of osteoporotic fracture healing is deranged and an altered inflammatory response can be one underlying cause. The objectives of this review were to compare the inflammatory responses between normal and osteoporotic fractures and to examine the potential effects on different healing outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted with relevant keywords in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science independently. Original preclinical studies and clinical studies involving the investigation of inflammatory response in fracture healing in ovariectomized (OVX) animals or osteoporotic/elderly patients with available full text and written in English were included. In total, 14 articles were selected. Various inflammatory factors were reported; of those tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 are two commonly studied markers. Preclinical studies showed that OVX animals generally demonstrated higher systemic inflammatory response and poorer healing outcomes compared to normal controls (SHAM). However, it is inconclusive if the local inflammatory response is higher or lower in OVX animals. As for clinical studies, they mainly examine the temporal changes of the inflammatory stage or perform comparison between osteoporotic/fragility fracture patients and normal subjects without fracture. Our review of these studies emphasizes the lack of understanding that inflammation plays in the altered fracture healing response of osteoporotic/elderly patients. Taken together, it is clear that additional studies, preclinical and clinical, are required to dissect the regulatory role of inflammatory response in osteoporotic fracture healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):368–385.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon K-H Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Ning Chim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jin-Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald M-Y Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Victoria M-H Choy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang X, Wang B, Chen W, Man X. MicroRNA-188 inhibits biological activity of lung cancer stem cells through targeting MDK and mediating the Hippo pathway. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1360-1372. [PMID: 32592428 PMCID: PMC7496401 DOI: 10.1113/ep088704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the function of microRNA‐188 in the biological characteristics of lung cancer stem cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. What is the main finding and its importance? This study highlights a new molecular mechanism involving microRNA‐188, MDK and the Hippo signalling pathway that plays a suppressive role in biological activity of lung cancer stem cells. This finding might offer new insights into gene‐based therapy for lung cancer.
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in lung cancer and reported as new promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cancer control. Here, we investigated the action of microRNA‐188 (miR‐188) in lung cancer stem cells. We first tested miR‐188 expression in clinical samples of lung cancer patients, and a low expression profile of miR‐188 was found. Next, we analysed the role of miR‐188 in lung cancer stem cells with cell growth assays. To verify the in vitro results, we used a xenograft model to validate the capability of miR‐188 in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of miR‐188 reduced viability and metastasis of cancer stem cells. Similar results were reproduced in vivo, where overexpression of miR‐188 retarded tumour growth in mice. We also identified MDK as a target of miR‐188, and overexpression of MDK was found in lung cancer samples. Overexpressed MDK promoted the malignant behaviours of lung cancer stem cells. In addition, the Hippo pathway was found to be inactivated in lung cancer tissues, presenting as increased levels of YAP and TAZ. Suppression of the Hippo pathway also enhanced lung cancer stem cell activity and promoted the growth of xenograft tumours. To sum up, our results reveal that miR‐188 inhibits the malignant behaviours of lung cancer stem cells and the growth of xenograft tumours. This study might offer new insights into gene‐based therapies for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Baogang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaxia Man
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kekilli M, Tanoğlu A, Karaahmet F, Doğan Z, Can M, Sayilir A, Çakal B, Düzenli T, Beyazit Y. Midkine level may be used as a noninvasive biomarker in Crohn’s disease. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:324-329. [PMID: 31905498 PMCID: PMC7164751 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1904-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Crohn’s disease (CD) is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease. Midkine (MDK) is an endogenous inflammatory marker. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MDK levels and inflammation and hence determine whether MDK can be used as a noninvasive biomarker in active CD. Materials and methods Sixty-five consecutive patients over the age of 18 with CD and 36 healthy controls were included in this study. CD patients’ venous blood samples were taken before treatment. Serum MDK levels were determined in human plasma samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results The mean age of the study patients was 44.8 ± 12.5 years, 35 patients were female, and 30 were male. Of these 65 patients, 37 had active CD and 28 were in the remission phase. MDK levels were significantly higher in active and remission CD than in healthy controls (P = 0.01, P = 0.038, respectively). Conclusion We report that there is an association between MDK levels and CD activation, and therefore with enhanced inflammation. MDK levels were significantly correlated with inflammatory indices. In line with our findings, we suggest the theory that MDK inhibitors may be useful in treating Crohn’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kekilli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Tanoğlu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karaahmet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynal Doğan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Sayilir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Park Karadeniz Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Başak Çakal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Düzenli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Beyazit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arteriogenesis of the Spinal Cord-The Network Challenge. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020501. [PMID: 32098337 PMCID: PMC7072838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a clinical complication following aortic repair that significantly impairs the quality and expectancy of life. Despite some strategies, like cerebrospinal fluid drainage, the occurrence of neurological symptoms, such as paraplegia and paraparesis, remains unpredictable. Beside the major blood supply through conduit arteries, a huge collateral network protects the central nervous system from ischemia—the paraspinous and the intraspinal compartment. The intraspinal arcades maintain perfusion pressure following a sudden inflow interruption, whereas the paraspinal system first needs to undergo arteriogenesis to ensure sufficient blood supply after an acute ischemic insult. The so-called steal phenomenon can even worsen the postoperative situation by causing the hypoperfusion of the spine when, shortly after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, muscles connected with the network divert blood and cause additional stress. Vessels are a conglomeration of different cell types involved in adapting to stress, like endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. This adaption to stress is subdivided in three phases—initiation, growth, and the maturation phase. In fields of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, pre-operative selective segmental artery occlusion may enable the development of a sufficient collateral network by stimulating collateral vessel growth, which, again, may prevent spinal cord ischemia. Among others, the major signaling pathways include the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway/the antiapoptotic kinase (AKT) pathway/the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, the Erk1, the delta-like ligand (DII), the jagged (Jag)/NOTCH pathway, and the midkine regulatory cytokine signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang P, Mao YM, Zhao CN, Wang JB, Li XM, Ye DQ, Pan HF. Association of Midkine and Pleiotrophin Gene Polymorphisms With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Susceptibility in Chinese Han Population. Front Immunol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32153561 PMCID: PMC7046794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we have reported an increased plasma midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) concentrations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the increase in MK and PTN associated with inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 level and some clinical manifestations, suggesting the underlying association of MK and PTN with SLE. This study was conducted to investigate the association between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MK and PTN gene and SLE susceptibility. A total of 989 subjects (496 SLE patients and 493 healthy controls) were included and genotyped for three MK SNPs and seven PTN SNPs in using improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). Results have demonstrated no significant differences for genotype and allele frequencies in all 10 SNPs between SLE patients and healthy controls. Case-only analysis in SLE revealed that, in MK gene, the genotype frequency of AA/AG (rs35324223) was significantly lower in patients with photosensitivity than those without; the allele frequency of A/G (rs20542) was significantly higher in patients without serositis. In PTN gene, the A/G allele frequency (rs322236), C/T allele frequency, and TT/CT genotype frequency (rs6970141) showed significantly increased results in patients with immunological disorder compared to those without. Furthermore, no significant differences in plasma MK and PTN concentrations with its SNPs genotypes were found. MK and PTN SNPs showed no associations with SLE genetic susceptibility, but it may be associated with the course of this disease; further studies are needed to focus on the mechanism of MK and PTN genes in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Chan-Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Jie-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsai SL, Baselga-Garriga C, Melton DA. Midkine is a dual regulator of wound epidermis development and inflammation during the initiation of limb regeneration. eLife 2020; 9:50765. [PMID: 31934849 PMCID: PMC6959999 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a specialized wound epidermis is required to initiate salamander limb regeneration. Yet little is known about the roles of the early wound epidermis during the initiation of regeneration and the mechanisms governing its development into the apical epithelial cap (AEC), a signaling structure necessary for outgrowth and patterning of the regenerate. Here, we elucidate the functions of the early wound epidermis, and further reveal midkine (mk) as a dual regulator of both AEC development and inflammation during the initiation of axolotl limb regeneration. Through loss- and gain-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that mk acts as both a critical survival signal to control the expansion and function of the early wound epidermis and an anti-inflammatory cytokine to resolve early injury-induced inflammation. Altogether, these findings unveil one of the first identified regulators of AEC development and provide fundamental insights into early wound epidermis function, development, and the initiation of limb regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Clara Baselga-Garriga
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Midkine-a Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression of Müller Glia during Neuronal Regeneration in the Vertebrate Retina. J Neurosci 2019; 40:1232-1247. [PMID: 31882403 PMCID: PMC7002140 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1675-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the retina of zebrafish, Müller glia have the ability to reprogram into stem cells capable of regenerating all classes of retinal neurons and restoring visual function. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the stem cell properties of Müller glia in zebrafish may provide cues to unlock the regenerative potential in the mammalian nervous system. Midkine is a cytokine/growth factor with multiple roles in neural development, tissue repair, and disease. In the retina of zebrafish, Müller glia have the ability to reprogram into stem cells capable of regenerating all classes of retinal neurons and restoring visual function. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the stem cell properties of Müller glia in zebrafish may provide cues to unlock the regenerative potential in the mammalian nervous system. Midkine is a cytokine/growth factor with multiple roles in neural development, tissue repair, and disease. In midkine-a loss-of-function mutants of both sexes, Müller glia initiate the appropriate reprogramming response to photoreceptor death by increasing expression of stem cell-associated genes, and entering the G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, transition from G1 to S phase is blocked in the absence of Midkine-a, resulting in significantly reduced proliferation and selective failure to regenerate cone photoreceptors. Failing to progress through the cell cycle, Müller glia undergo reactive gliosis, a pathological hallmark in the injured CNS of mammals. Finally, we determined that the Midkine-a receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, is upstream of the HLH regulatory protein, Id2a, and of the retinoblastoma gene, p130, which regulates progression through the cell cycle. These results demonstrate that Midkine-a functions as a core component of the mechanisms that regulate proliferation of stem cells in the injured CNS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The death of retinal neurons and photoreceptors is a leading cause of vision loss. Regenerating retinal neurons is a therapeutic goal. Zebrafish can regenerate retinal neurons from intrinsic stem cells, Müller glia, and are a powerful model to understand how stem cells might be used therapeutically. Midkine-a, an injury-induced growth factor/cytokine that is expressed by Müller glia following neuronal death, is required for Müller glia to progress through the cell cycle. The absence of Midkine-a suspends proliferation and neuronal regeneration. With cell cycle progression stalled, Müller glia undergo reactive gliosis, a pathological hallmark of the mammalian retina. This work provides a unique insight into mechanisms that control the cell cycle during neuronal regeneration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Midkine (MDK) growth factor: a key player in cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target. Oncogene 2019; 39:2040-2054. [PMID: 31801970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor, originally reported as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene during embryogenesis, but currently viewed as a multifaceted factor contributing to both normal tissue homeostasis and disease development. Midkine is abnormally expressed at high levels in various human malignancies and acts as a mediator for the acquisition of critical hallmarks of cancer, including cell growth, survival, metastasis, migration, and angiogenesis. Several studies have investigated the role of midkine as a cancer biomarker for the detection, prognosis, and management of cancer, as well as for monitoring the response to cancer treatment. Moreover, several efforts are also being made to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in therapeutic resistance and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment. We hereby summarize the current knowledge on midkine expression and function in cancer development and progression, and highlight its promising potential as a cancer biomarker and as a future therapeutic target in personalized cancer medicine.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abdel Ghafar MT, Abdel Haleem S, Shahba A, Sweilam AM. Diagnostic value of the serum Midkine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Investig Med 2019; 68:37-44. [PMID: 31324694 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity which is a potential therapeutic target, depends mainly on clinical presentation. However, laboratory tests may contribute to diagnosis and disease activity assessment of RA. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of serum Midkine as serological marker for RA diagnosis and its activity detection. All patients with RA were recruited during the period from January 2016 to August 2018 in addition to healthy subjects as control. Serum Midkine level was estimated using enzyme immunoassay. The accuracy was determined for serum Midkine against the used American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 classification criteria for RA diagnosis and disease activity score derivative for 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) score for assessment of RA disease activity. A total of 211 of patients with RA (group I) were enrolled in this study with 112 healthy subjects (group II). Patients with RA were divided into two subgroups according to the disease activity; patients with active RA (group IA) and RA in remission (group IB). We detected that the area under curve (AUC) of serum Midkine level (AUC=0.851) was significantly lower than that of rheumatoid factor IgM and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide IgG for RA diagnosis. However, Midkine presents a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.939) in detecting RA activity than that offered by C reactive protein (CRP) or ESR. Our study suggested that serum Midkine is a potential serological marker for detection of active inflammatory state with higher diagnostic accuracy than other inflammatory markers as CRP or ESR. Therefore, it can be used as an inflammatory marker for detection of disease activity rather than diagnosis of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheir Abdel Haleem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Shahba
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aalaa M Sweilam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cui R, Lwigale P. Expression of the heparin-binding growth factors Midkine and pleiotrophin during ocular development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:28-37. [PMID: 30825522 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN) belong to a group of heparin-binding growth factors that has been shown to have pleiotropic functions in various biological processes during development and disease. Development of the vertebrate eye is a multistep process that involves coordinated interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, but very little is known about the potential function of MDK and PTN in these processes. In this study, we demonstrate by section in situ hybridization, the spatiotemporal expression of MDK and PTN during ocular development in chick and mouse. We show that MDK and PTN are expressed in dynamic patterns that overlap in a few non-neuronal tissues in the anterior eye and in neuronal cell layers of the posterior eye. We show that the expression patterns of MDK and PTN are only conserved in a few tissues in chick and mouse but they overlap with the expression of some of their receptors LRP1, RPTPZ, ALK, NOTCH2, ITGβ1, SDC1, and SDC3. The dynamic expression patterns of MDK, PTN and their receptors suggest that they function together during the multistep process of ocular development and they may play important roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration of neuronal and non-neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruda Cui
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Lwigale
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aynacıoğlu AŞ, Bilir A, Tuna MY. Involvement of midkine in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:567-571. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1523701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Şükrü Aynacıoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Aydin University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bilir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Aydin University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yakup Tuna
- Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Aydin University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Weckbach LT, Preissner KT, Deindl E. The Role of Midkine in Arteriogenesis, Involving Mechanosensing, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Vasodilation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2559. [PMID: 30158425 PMCID: PMC6163309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in blood circulation such as shear stress play a predominant role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes related to vascular responses or vessel remodeling. Arteriogenesis, defined as the growth of pre-existing arterioles into functional collateral arteries compensating for stenosed or occluded arteries, is such a process. Midkine, a pleiotropic protein and growth factor, has originally been identified to orchestrate embryonic development. In the adult organism its expression is restricted to distinct tissues (including tumors), whereby midkine is strongly expressed in inflamed tissue and has been shown to promote inflammation. Recent investigations conferred midkine an important function in vascular remodeling and growth. In this review, we introduce the midkine gene and protein along with its cognate receptors, and highlight its role in inflammation and the vascular system with special emphasis on arteriogenesis, particularly focusing on shear stress-mediated vascular cell proliferation and vasodilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Z, Qin Z. Characterization of Midkine in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)and its role on the germ layer genesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 226:64-72. [PMID: 30114527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (Mdk) is a cytokine involved in controlling tissue repair and new tissue development, and regulating inflammation involved in several signaling pathway, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. But the role of Mdk in the development of Cynoglossus semilaevis is poorly understood. In this study, the Midkine of C. semilaevis (CsMdk) was cloned, and its spatiotemporal expression pattern and structural characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, the essential genes related to nervous system development and germ layer formation marker gene were identified by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization after overexpression the CsMdk via zebrafish model. The result showed CsMdk was mainly expressed in the brain of embryo, especially in the diencephalon, mid-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and hindbrain. In adult fish, it could only be detected in brain. Overexpression of CsMdk mRNA in zebrafish embryos suppressed the development of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and the notochord in zebrafish and influence the development of the mesoderm. All results showed CsMdk played a significant role on the germ layer and nervous development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marpaung B, Ginting AR, Sjah OM. Serum Midkine Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1323-1327. [PMID: 30159050 PMCID: PMC6108788 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine (MK) induces inflammation and could inhibit inducible regulatory T cell differentiation. These reports suggest that MK may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease including SLE, but data about MK in SLE patients was still limited, and the role of Midkine in SLE is largely unknown. AIM The purpose of this study was to compare serum level MK in SLE patients and control, also analysed the relationship between the serum MK level and disease activity in SLE. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Adam Malik Hospital from January-June 2017. Diagnosis of SLE was established according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria, and disease activity was assessed using the Mexican Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (MEX-SLEDAI). Subjects with evidence of malignancy and systemic disease (pulmonary, kidney, liver, metabolic disorder, etc.) were excluded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22nd version. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There were 90 subjects and divided into 2 groups: SLE patients group (n=40) and healthy control groups (n = 50). Midkine levels were increased in the serum of SLE patients compared by health control. There was a significant difference in the median serum Midkine levels between SLE patients and healthy control (P < 0.001). Elevated Midkine serum levels were a significant difference between active disease and remission (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Elevated Midkine serum level could be a marker of SLE disease activity and have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blondina Marpaung
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Andi Raga Ginting
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ok Moehad Sjah
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu GC, Yuan H, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Elevated plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40181-40189. [PMID: 27903979 PMCID: PMC5522313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that two heparin-binding growth factor, midkine and pleiotrophin are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including SLE. To investigate the plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels in SLE patients, as well as their correlation with major clinical parameters and interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in SLE, 83 SLE patients and 123 controls including 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, 21 Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients and 82 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Plasma midkine, pleiotrophin and IL-17 levels were detected by ELISA. Midkine and pleiotrophin levels were significantly higher in SLE, RA and SS patients compared with HCs (all P < 0.05). There were significantly lower midkine and pleiotrophin levels in SLE compared to SS (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). No significant differences in midkine and pleiotrophin levels were found between SLE and RA (P = 0.240 and P = 0.074, respectively). Both plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels were associated with rash and anti-SSA in SLE. In addition, both midkine and pleiotrophin levels were positively associated with IL-17 level in SLE (both P < 0.001). Area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for midkine and pleiotrophin were 0.606 (0.527–0.681) and 0.605 (0.526–0.680) respectively. In conclusion, elevated plasma midkine and pleiotrophin levels and their associations with rash, anti-SSA and IL-17 in SLE patients suggest their involvement in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Cui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lautz T, Lasch M, Borgolte J, Troidl K, Pagel JI, Caballero-Martinez A, Kleinert EC, Walzog B, Deindl E. Midkine Controls Arteriogenesis by Regulating the Bioavailability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 and 3. EBioMedicine 2017; 27:237-246. [PMID: 29233575 PMCID: PMC5828057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine is a pleiotropic factor, which is involved in angiogenesis. However, its mode of action in this process is still ill defined. The function of midkine in arteriogenesis, the growth of natural bypasses from pre-existing collateral arteries, compensating for the loss of an occluded artery has never been investigated. Arteriogenesis is an inflammatory process, which relies on the proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. We show that midkine deficiency strikingly interferes with the proliferation of endothelial cells in arteriogenesis, thereby interfering with the process of collateral artery growth. We identified midkine to be responsible for increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), necessary and sufficient to promote endothelial cell proliferation in growing collaterals. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that leukocyte domiciled midkine mediates increased plasma levels of VEGFA relevant for upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3, necessary for proper endothelial cell proliferation, and that non-leukocyte domiciled midkine additionally improves vasodilation. The data provided on the role of midkine in endothelial proliferation are likely to be relevant for both, the process of arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, our data might help to estimate the therapeutic effect of clinically applied VEGFA in patients with vascular occlusive diseases. Leukocyte domiciled midkine is decisive for collateral endothelial cell proliferation in arteriogenesis. Midkine controls the bioavailability of VEGFA mediating endothelial Nos1 and Nos3 expression. Nos1 and Nos3, relevant for endothelial cell proliferation, can substitute for each other.
Arteriogenesis is a life and tissue saving process as it compensates for the loss of an occluded artery. Decoding the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutic options to treat patients with vascular occlusive diseases. Lautz et al. identified midkine to be responsible for the increased bioavailability of VEGFA during arteriogenesis, necessary and sufficient to promote endothelial cell proliferation. These data might help to estimate the therapeutic effect of clinically applied VEGFA. As the identified mechanisms might also apply for angiogenesis, they are likely to be of broader relevance, e.g. in terms of tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lautz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Borgolte
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University-Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Division of Arteriogenesis Research, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Judith-Irina Pagel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Hospital of the University of Munich, Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Amelia Caballero-Martinez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Christian Kleinert
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is normally expressed in mid-gestational development mediating mesenchymal and epithelial interactions. As organisms age, expression of MDK diminishes; however, in adults, MDK expression is associated with acute and chronic pathologic conditions such as myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF). The role of MDK is not clear in cardiovascular disease and currently there is no consensus if it plays a beneficial or detrimental role in HF. The lack of clarity in the literature is exacerbated by differing roles that circulating and myocardial MDK play in signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes (some of which have yet to be elucidated). Of particular interest, serum MDK is elevated in adults with chronic heart failure and higher circulating MDK is associated with worse cardiac function. In addition, pediatric HF patients have higher levels of myocardial MDK. This review focuses on what is known about the effect of exogenous versus myocardial MDK in various cardiac disease models in an effort to better clarify the role of midkine in HF.
Collapse
|
38
|
Haffner-Luntzer M, Fischer V, Prystaz K, Liedert A, Ignatius A. The inflammatory phase of fracture healing is influenced by oestrogen status in mice. Eur J Med Res 2017; 22:23. [PMID: 28683813 PMCID: PMC5501454 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fracture healing is known to be delayed in postmenopausal, osteoporotic females under oestrogen-deficient conditions. Confirming this, experimental studies demonstrated impaired callus formation in ovariectomised animals. Oestrogen-deficiency is known to affect the immune system and the inflammatory response during wound healing. Because a balanced immune response is required for proper bone healing, we were interested to ascertain whether the early immune response after facture is affected by oestrogen depletion. Methods To address the above question, female mice received either a bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or were sham-operated, and femur osteotomy was performed 8 weeks after OVX/sham operation. The effects of OVX on the presence of immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry of the fracture calli on days 1 and 3 after fracture. Results One day after fracture, immune cell numbers and populations in the fracture haematoma did not differ between OVX- and sham-mice. However, on day 3 after fracture, OVX-mice displayed significantly greater numbers of neutrophils. Local expression of the oestrogen-responsive and pro-inflammatory cytokine midkine (Mdk) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the fracture callus were increased in OVX-mice on day 3 after fracture compared with sham-mice, indicating that both factors might be involved in the increased presence of neutrophils. Confirming this, Mdk-antibody treatment decreased the number of neutrophils in the fracture callus and reduced local IL-6 expression in OVX-mice. Conclusions These data indicate that oestrogen-deficiency influences the early inflammatory phase after fracture. This may contribute to delayed fracture healing after oestrogen depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 9, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 9, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Prystaz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 9, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Liedert
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 9, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 9, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen H, He D, Lasek AW. Midkine in the mouse ventral tegmental area limits ethanol intake and Ccl2 gene expression. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 16:699-708. [PMID: 28398003 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a cytokine and neurotrophic factor that is more highly expressed in the brains of alcoholics and in mice predisposed to drink large amounts of ethanol, suggesting that MDK may regulate ethanol consumption. Here we measured ethanol consumption in male and female Mdk knockout (-/-) mice using the two-bottle choice and the drinking in the dark (DID) tests. We found that Mdk -/- mice consumed significantly more ethanol than wild-type controls in both tests. To determine if MDK acts in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to regulate ethanol consumption, we delivered lentivirus expressing a Mdk shRNA into the VTA of male C57BL/6J mice to locally knockdown Mdk and performed the DID test. Mice expressing a Mdk shRNA in the VTA consumed more ethanol than mice expressing a control non-targeting shRNA, demonstrating that the VTA is one site in the brain through which MDK acts to regulate ethanol consumption. Since MDK also controls the expression of inflammatory cytokines in other organs, we examined gene expression of interleukin-1 beta (Il1b), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfα) and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2) in the VTA of Mdk -/- mice and in mice expressing Mdk shRNA in the VTA. Expression of Ccl2 was elevated in the VTA of Mdk -/- mice and in mice expressing Mdk shRNA in the VTA. These results demonstrate that MDK functions in the VTA to limit ethanol consumption and levels of CCL2, a chemokine known to increase ethanol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D He
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rohde M, Sievers E, Janzer A, Willmann D, Egert A, Schorle H, Schüle R, Kirfel J. Overexpression of histone demethylase Fbxl10 leads to enhanced migration in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
41
|
Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression Associated with Growth and Reproduction of Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) Revealed by Brain Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091402. [PMID: 27571066 PMCID: PMC5037682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of one- and two-year-old male and female brains of Cynoglossus semilaevis by high-throughput Illumina sequencing. A total of 77,066 transcripts, corresponding to 21,475 unigenes, were obtained with a N50 value of 4349 bp. Of these unigenes, 33 genes were found to have significant differential expression and potentially associated with growth, from which 18 genes were down-regulated and 12 genes were up-regulated in two-year-old males, most of these genes had no significant differences in expression among one-year-old males and females and two-year-old females. A similar analysis was conducted to look for genes associated with reproduction; 25 genes were identified, among them, five genes were found to be down regulated and 20 genes up regulated in two-year-old males, again, most of the genes had no significant expression differences among the other three. The performance of up regulated genes in Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was significantly different between two-year-old males and females. Males had a high gene expression in genetic information processing, while female’s highly expressed genes were mainly enriched on organismal systems. Our work identified a set of sex-biased genes potentially associated with growth and reproduction that might be the candidate factors affecting sexual dimorphism of tongue sole, laying the foundation to understand the complex process of sex determination of this economic valuable species.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shindo E, Nanki T, Kusunoki N, Shikano K, Kawazoe M, Sato H, Kaneko K, Muraoka S, Kaburaki M, Akasaka Y, Shimada H, Hasunuma T, Kawai S. The growth factor midkine may play a pathophysiological role in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:54-59. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1179860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Shindo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Natsuko Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kotaro Shikano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Mai Kawazoe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Kaichi Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Makoto Kaburaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Yoshikiyo Akasaka
- Division of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, the Center for Advanced Research, Graduate School of Medical Science, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan, and
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasunuma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Serinkan Cinemre FB, Cinemre H, Karacaer C, Aydemir B, Nalbant A, Kaya T, Tamer A. Midkine in vitamin D deficiency and its association with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:143-50. [PMID: 26566633 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN The growth factor midkine (MK) is a protein that is involved in cancer, inflammation, immunity. Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) is reported in autoimmune disorders, some of which are among the causes of vitamin D deficiency. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible association of MK and ASCA with vitamin D deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS 208 adults presented to internal medicine outpatient clinic for history and physical examination has been studied. Serum biochemistry, vitamin D, MK, ASCA-IgG and -IgA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, PDGF, VEGF were obtained. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was 74.2%. Serum MK level was significantly higher in vitamin D-deficient compared to vitamin D-sufficient individuals (1138.1 ± 262.8 vs 958.6 ± 189 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.009). Serum MK levels were also significantly higher in both ASCA-IgG and -IgA positives compared to negatives (1318.5 ± 160.3 vs 1065.5 ± 256.1, P = 0.008 and 1347.7 ± 229.7 vs 1070.1 ± 250.9 pg/mL, P = 0.011, respectively). Vitamin D was significantly lower in ASCA positives (P = 0.044).Vitamin D showed positive correlation with IL-1β (r 0.338, P < 0.009) and negative correlation with VEGF (r -0.366, P < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS MK was significantly elevated in vitamin D deficiency and associated with ASCA positivity which was significantly increased in vitamin D deficiency. These findings suggested that molecular mechanism of vitamin D deficiency may be related with some inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F B Serinkan Cinemre
- Department of Biochemistry, Sakarya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Korucuk Kampüsü, Konuralp Bulvarı No:81/1, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Cinemre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Karacaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Birsen Aydemir
- Department of Biophysics, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Nalbant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Tezcan Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Tamer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
He D, Chen H, Muramatsu H, Lasek AW. Ethanol activates midkine and anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling in neuroblastoma cells and in the brain. J Neurochem 2015. [PMID: 26206265 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol engages signaling pathways in the brain. Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic factor that is over-expressed in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics. MDK and one of its receptors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), also regulate behavioral responses to ethanol in mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether MDK and ALK expression and signaling are activated by ethanol. We found that ethanol treatment of neuroblastoma cells increased MDK and ALK expression. We also assessed activation of ALK by ethanol in cells and found that ALK and ALK-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation increased rapidly with ethanol exposure. Similarly, treatment of cells with recombinant MDK protein increased ALK, ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that ethanol may utilize MDK to activate ALK signaling. In support of this, transfection of cells with MDK siRNAs attenuated ALK signaling in response to ethanol. Ethanol also activates ERK signaling in the brain. We found that inhibition of ALK or knockout of MDK attenuated ethanol-induced ERK phosphorylation in mouse amygdala. These results demonstrate that ethanol engages MDK and ALK signaling, which has important consequences for alcohol-induced neurotoxicity and the regulation of behaviors related to alcohol abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghong He
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hisako Muramatsu
- Faculty of Psychological and Physical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu C, Zhu S, Wu M, Zhao Y, Han W, Yu Y. The therapeutic effect of rhMK on osteoarthritis in mice, induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 37:1803-10. [PMID: 25366485 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide disease in aged people, causing not only physical suffering to the patients themselves, but also a great burden on their families and on society. Here we used a mouse OA model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), and studied the therapeutic effect of recombinant human midkine (rhMK) on this OA model. Our results indicated that the DMM surgery induced mechanical allodynia and locomotor activity obstacles, together with cartilage injury in the C57BL/6 mice. The rhMK treatment mitigated the OA related mechanical allodynia, improved locomotor activity capacity, and prevented degradation of the cartilage. Considering the safety issue of rhMK used as a biologic, we also inspected the main organs in the rhMK treated mice throughout the process and found no pathological change. These results suggest that rhMK could be used as a biologic to treat OA or OA related pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu T, Lin X, Yu H. Identifying genes related with rheumatoid arthritis via system biology analysis. Gene 2015; 571:97-106. [PMID: 26117171 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease that mainly attacks synovial joints. However, the underlying systematic relationship among different genes and biological processes involved in the pathogenesis are still unclear. By analyzing and comparing the transcriptional profiles from RA, OA (osteoarthritis) patients as well as ND (normal donors) with bioinformatics methods, we tend to uncover the potential molecular networks and critical genes which play important roles in RA and OA development. Initially, hierarchical clustering was performed to classify the overall transcriptional profiles. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ND and RA and OA patients were identified. Furthermore, PPI networks were constructed, functional modules were extracted, and functional annotation was also applied. Our functional analysis identifies 22 biological processes and 2 KEGG pathways enriched in the commonly-regulated gene set. However, we found that number of set of genes differentially expressed genes only between RA and ND reaches up to 244, indicating this gene set may specifically accounts for processing to disease of RA. Additionally, 142 biological processes and 19 KEGG pathways are over-represented by these 244 genes. Meanwhile, although another 21 genes were differentially expressed only in OA and ND, no biological process nor pathway is over-represented by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661 Huanghe Er Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China.
| | - Xinmei Lin
- Department of Joint Surgery, affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661 Huanghe Er Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China.
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics in Binzhou People Hospital, No. 515 Huanghe Qi Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bădilă E, Daraban AM, Ţintea E, Bartoş D, Alexandru N, Georgescu A. Midkine proteins in cardio-vascular disease. Where do we come from and where are we heading to? Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:464-71. [PMID: 26101065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Midkine is a recently identified new growth factor/cytokine with pleiotropic functions in the human organism. First discovered in the late eighties, midkines have now become the subject of numerous studies in cardiovascular, neurologic, renal diseases and also various types of cancers. We summarize here the most important functions of midkine in cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing its role in inflammation and its antiapoptotic and proangiogenetic effects. Midkine has multiple roles in the organism, with the specific feature of being either beneficial or harmful depending on which tissue it acts on. Even though midkine has been shown to have cardiac protective effects against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury and to inhibit cardiac remodeling, it also promotes intimal hyperplasia and vascular stenosis. As such, different therapeutic strategies are currently being evaluated, consisting of administering either midkine proteins or midkine inhibitors depending on the desired outcome. More data is gathering to suggest that these novel therapies could become an adjunctive to standard cardiovascular therapy. Nonetheless, much is still to be learned about midkine. The encouraging results up till now require further studying in order to fully understand the complete profile of its mechanism of action and the clinical safety and efficacy of novel therapeutic opportunities offered by midkine molecular targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta Bădilă
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ana Maria Daraban
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Emma Ţintea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Bartoş
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Luo J, Wang X, Xia Z, Yang L, Ding Z, Chen S, Lai B, Zhang N. Transcriptional factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) promotes the proliferation of glioma cells by up-regulating midkine (MDK). Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:430-9. [PMID: 25428991 PMCID: PMC4310735 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) expression is associated with the proliferation of many cancers, including glioma. However, the upstream signaling that leads to MDK accumulation remains elusive. This study investigates the molecular mechanism that induces MDK overexpression in human glioma. The Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data was analyzed to identify potential MDK regulators. Expression of MDK and specificity protein 1 (SP1) was compared in glioma specimens. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to confirm the transcriptional regulation. MDK-force-expressed, SP1-silenced glioma cells were used to test rescue effects in vitro and in vivo. MDK and SP1 expression in gliomas was significantly higher than in adjacent tissues and was positively correlated in glioma clinical samples and cell lines. The promoter of the human MDK gene has a putative SP1 binding site. SP1 binds to the promoter of the MDK gene and directly regulates MDK expression. MDK or SP1 gene silencing inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells and reduced the tumor volume in nude mice. Overexpression of MDK in SP1-silenced cells could partially rescue the SP1 inhibition effects in vivo and in vitro. SP1 directly up-regulated the expression of MDK, and the SP1-MDK axis cooperated in glioma tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Luo
- Forevergen Biosciences Center, R&D Unit 602, Guangzhou 510000, China Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhibo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huang Pu Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Center of Genetic Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Bingquan Lai
- Forevergen Biosciences Center, R&D Unit 602, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jones DR. Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:2925-39. [PMID: 24460734 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a pleiotropic growth factor prominently expressed during embryogenesis but down-regulated to neglible levels in healthy adults. Many published studies have demonstrated striking MK overexpression compared with healthy controls in various pathologies, including ischaemia, inflammation, autoimmunity and, most notably, in many cancers. MK expression is detectable in biopsies of diseased, but not healthy, tissues. Significantly, because it is a soluble cytokine, elevated MK is readily apparent in the blood and other body fluids such as urine and CSF, making MK a relatively convenient, accessible, non-invasive and inexpensive biomarker for population screening and early disease detection. The first diagnostic tests that quantify MK are just now receiving regulatory clearance and entering the clinic. This review examines the current state of knowledge pertaining to MK as a biomarker and highlights promising indications and clinical settings where measuring MK could make a difference to patient treatment. I also raise outstanding questions about reported variants of MK as well as MK's bio-distribution in vivo. Answering these questions in future studies will enhance our understanding of the significance of measured MK levels in both patients and healthy subjects, and may reveal further opportunities for measuring MK to diagnose disease. MK has already proven to be a biomarker that can significantly improve detection, management and treatment of cancer, and there is significant promise for developing further MK-based diagnostics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Jones
- Cellmid Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chesné J, Danger R, Botturi K, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Mussot S, Stern M, Danner-Boucher I, Mornex JF, Pison C, Dromer C, Kessler R, Dahan M, Brugière O, Le Pavec J, Perros F, Humbert M, Gomez C, Brouard S, Magnan A. Systematic analysis of blood cell transcriptome in end-stage chronic respiratory diseases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109291. [PMID: 25329529 PMCID: PMC4203719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) have systemic consequences, such as weight loss and susceptibility to infection. However the mechanisms of such dysfunctions are as yet poorly explained. We hypothesized that the genes putatively involved in these mechanisms would emerge from a systematic analysis of blood mRNA profiles from pre-transplant patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary hypertension (PAH), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Whole blood was first collected from 13 patients with PAH, 23 patients with CF, and 28 Healthy Controls (HC). Microarray results were validated by quantitative PCR on a second and independent group (7PAH, 9CF, and 11HC). Twelve pre-transplant COPD patients were added to validate the common signature shared by patients with CRD for all causes. To further clarify a role for hypoxia in the candidate gene dysregulation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HC were analysed for their mRNA profile under hypoxia. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering allowed the identification of 3 gene signatures related to CRD. One was common to CF and PAH, another specific to CF, and the final one was specific to PAH. With the common signature, we validated T-Cell Factor 7 (TCF-7) and Interleukin 7 Receptor (IL-7R), two genes related to T lymphocyte activation, as being under-expressed. We showed a strong impact of the hypoxia on modulation of TCF-7 and IL-7R expression in PBMCs from HC under hypoxia or PBMCs from CRD. In addition, we identified and validated genes upregulated in PAH or CF, including Lectin Galactoside-binding Soluble 3 and Toll Like Receptor 4, respectively. Conclusions Systematic analysis of blood cell transcriptome in CRD patients identified common and specific signatures relevant to the systemic pathologies. TCF-7 and IL-7R were downregulated whatever the cause of CRD and this could play a role in the higher susceptibility to infection of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chesné
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l′Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064, and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Botturi
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l′Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sacha Mussot
- Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardiopulmonaire, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | | | - Isabelle Danner-Boucher
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l′Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Mornex
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- INRA, UMR_S 754, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Pison
- Clinique Universitaire Pneumologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- Inserm U1055, Grenoble, France
- European Institute of Systems Biology and Medicine, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Brugière
- Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie B et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Le Pavec
- Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardiopulmonaire, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Carine Gomez
- CHU de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1064, and Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l′Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|