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Roy S, Sinha S, Silas AJ, Ghassemian M, Kufareva I, Ghosh P. Growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of Gα i shapes canonical signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade8041. [PMID: 38833528 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A long-standing question in the field of signal transduction is how distinct signaling pathways interact with each other to control cell behavior. Growth factor receptors and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes. Given that the mechanisms by which they signal independently have been extensively characterized, we investigated how they may cross-talk with each other. Using linear ion trap mass spectrometry and cell-based biophysical, biochemical, and phenotypic assays, we found at least three distinct ways in which epidermal growth factor affected canonical G protein signaling by the Gi-coupled GPCR CXCR4 through the phosphorylation of Gαi. Phosphomimicking mutations in two residues in the αE helix of Gαi (tyrosine-154/tyrosine-155) suppressed agonist-induced Gαi activation while promoting constitutive Gβγ signaling. Phosphomimicking mutations in the P loop (serine-44, serine-47, and threonine-48) suppressed Gi activation entirely, thus completely segregating growth factor and GPCR pathways. As expected, most of the phosphorylation events appeared to affect intrinsic properties of Gαi proteins, including conformational stability, nucleotide binding, and the ability to associate with and to release Gβγ. However, one phosphomimicking mutation, targeting the carboxyl-terminal residue tyrosine-320, promoted mislocalization of Gαi from the plasma membrane, a previously uncharacterized mechanism of suppressing GPCR signaling through G protein subcellular compartmentalization. Together, these findings elucidate not only how growth factor and chemokine signals cross-talk through the phosphorylation-dependent modulation of Gαi but also how such cross-talk may generate signal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Roy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ananta James Silas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular and Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Arnold CR, Mangesius J, Portnaia I, Ganswindt U, Wolff HA. Innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome radioresistance in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1379986. [PMID: 38873260 PMCID: PMC11169591 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1379986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a comparatively favorable prognosis relative to other malignancies, breast cancer continues to significantly impact women's health globally, partly due to its high incidence rate. A critical factor in treatment failure is radiation resistance - the capacity of tumor cells to withstand high doses of ionizing radiation. Advancements in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance, coupled with enhanced characterization of radioresistant cell clones, are paving the way for the development of novel treatment modalities that hold potential for future clinical application. In the context of combating radioresistance in breast cancer, potential targets of interest include long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and their associated signaling pathways, along with other signal transduction routes amenable to pharmacological intervention. Furthermore, technical, and methodological innovations, such as the integration of hyperthermia or nanoparticles with radiotherapy, have the potential to enhance treatment responses in patients with radioresistant breast cancer. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive survey of the current scientific landscape, focusing on novel therapeutic advancements specifically addressing radioresistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Mangesius
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iana Portnaia
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Andreas Wolff
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Radiotherapy, Radiology Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Hanes R, Ayuda-Durán P, Rønneberg L, Nakken S, Hovig E, Zucknick M, Enserink JM. screenwerk: a modular tool for the design and analysis of drug combination screens. Bioinformatics 2022; 39:6961189. [PMID: 36573326 PMCID: PMC9825784 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION There is a rapidly growing interest in high-throughput drug combination screening to identify synergizing drug interactions for treatment of various maladies, such as cancer and infectious disease. This creates the need for pipelines that can be used to design such screens, perform quality control on the data and generate data files that can be analyzed by synergy-finding bioinformatics applications. RESULTS screenwerk is an open-source, end-to-end modular tool available as an R-package for the design and analysis of drug combination screens. The tool allows for a customized build of pipelines through its modularity and provides a flexible approach to quality control and data analysis. screenwerk is adaptable to various experimental requirements with an emphasis on precision medicine. It can be coupled to other R packages, such as bayesynergy, to identify synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions in cell lines or patient samples. screenwerk is scalable and provides a complete solution for setting up drug sensitivity screens, read raw measurements and consolidate different datasets, perform various types of quality control and analyze, report and visualize the results of drug sensitivity screens. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The R-package and technical documentation is available at https://github.com/Enserink-lab/screenwerk; the R source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Enserink-lab/screenwerk under GNU General Public License v3.0; bayesynergy is accessible at https://github.com/ocbe-uio/bayesynergy. Selected modules are available through Galaxy, an open-source platform for FAIR data analysis at https://oncotools.elixir.no. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hanes
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway,Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pilar Ayuda-Durán
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Rønneberg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway,MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Sigve Nakken
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0379, Norway,Department of Informatics, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0379, Norway,Department of Informatics, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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4
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Gentile MT, Muto G, Lus G, Lövblad KO, Svenningsen ÅF, Colucci-D’Amato L. Angiogenesis and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: A Glance at New Pharmaceutical Approaches. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164643. [PMID: 36012883 PMCID: PMC9410525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and destruction of axons. The most common form of the disease is the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in which episodic attacks with typical neurological symptoms are followed by episodes of partial or complete recovery. One of the underestimated factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is excessive angiogenesis. Here, we review the role of angiogenesis in the onset and in the development of the disease, the molecular mechanisms underlying angiogenesis, the current therapeutic approaches, and the potential therapeutic strategies with a look at natural compounds as multi-target drugs with both neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Gentile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianluca Muto
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Lus
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, II Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Karl-Olof Lövblad
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Åsa Fex Svenningsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Luca Colucci-D’Amato
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences (CIRN), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-366-9763554
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Weiss F, Lauffenburger D, Friedl P. Towards targeting of shared mechanisms of cancer metastasis and therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:157-173. [PMID: 35013601 PMCID: PMC10399972 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic treatment and metastatic progression jointly determine a fatal outcome of cancer. Cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance are traditionally studied as separate fields using non-overlapping strategies. However, emerging evidence, including from in vivo imaging and in vitro organotypic culture, now suggests that both programmes cooperate and reinforce each other in the invasion niche and persist upon metastatic evasion. As a consequence, cancer cell subpopulations exhibiting metastatic invasion undergo multistep reprogramming that - beyond migration signalling - supports repair programmes, anti-apoptosis processes, metabolic adaptation, stemness and survival. Shared metastasis and therapy resistance signalling are mediated by multiple mechanisms, such as engagement of integrins and other context receptors, cell-cell communication, stress responses and metabolic reprogramming, which cooperate with effects elicited by autocrine and paracrine chemokine and growth factor cues present in the activated tumour microenvironment. These signals empower metastatic cells to cope with therapeutic assault and survive. Identifying nodes shared in metastasis and therapy resistance signalling networks should offer new opportunities to improve anticancer therapy beyond current strategies, to eliminate both nodular lesions and cells in metastatic transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Weiss
- Department of Cell Biology, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Cancer Genomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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6
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Roy R, Majumder J, Datta HK, Parveen R, Dastidar P. Supramolecular Hydrogels Developed from Mafenide and Indomethacin as a Plausible Multidrug Self-Delivery System as Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Topical Gels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:610-621. [PMID: 35143154 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Following a structural rationale, a series of simple organic salts derived from mafenide (a drug for treating burn wounds) and n-alkyl carboxylic acids (Me-(CH2)n-COOH; n = 1-3, 10-15) and various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, indomethacin (IND), diclofenac (DIC), meclofenamic acid (MEC), tolfenamic acid (TOL), and flufenamic acid (FLU) (designated as salts 1-14, respectively) were synthesized as potential hydrogelators. Gelation studies revealed that mafenide n-alkyl carboxylates with n = 11-14, i.e., salts 5-8, and the indomethacin salt of mafenide, i.e., salt 10, were hydrogelators. The corresponding hydrogels, namely, 5(HG)-8(HG) and 10(HG), were characterized by table-top and dynamic rheology and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Single-crystal structures of the nongelator salts 1-3 and the gelator salt 10 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The results obtained from various studies, which included the solubility, biostability, biocompatibility (MTT assay), and anti-inflammatory (PGE2 assay) response of salt 10, the antibacterial response (zone inhibition assay) of salt 10, its components, and 10(HG), and the release of salt 10 in vitro from the corresponding hydrogel bed to the bulk solvent at 37 °C in 24 h, suggested their plausible use in developing multidrug-derived topical hydrogels for self-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Joydeb Majumder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rumana Parveen
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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7
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Biswas P, Datta HK, Dastidar P. Designing Coordination Polymers as Multi-drug-self-delivery System for Tuberculosis and Cancer Therapy: in vitro Viability and in vivo Toxicity Assessment. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6201-6216. [PMID: 36097681 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00752e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A proof of the concept for designing multi-drug-delivery system suitable for self-drug-delivery is disclosed. Simple coordination chemistry was employed to anchor two kinds of drugs namely isoniazid (IZ – anti-tuberculosis),...
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Affiliation(s)
- Protap Biswas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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8
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Kazim N, Yen A. Evidence of off-target effects of bosutinib that promote retinoic acid-induced differentiation of non-APL AML cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2638-2651. [PMID: 34836491 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2005275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the effects of the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor, Bosutinib, and the engineered loss of the Lyn SFK on all-trans retinoic acid-induced leukemic cell differentiation. Retinoic acid (RA) is an embryonic morphogen and dietary factor that demonstrates chemotherapeutic efficacy in inducing differentiation of a non-APL AML cell model, the HL-60 human myeloblastic (FAB-M2) leukemia cell line, via activation of a novel signalsome containing an ensemble of signaling molecules that drive differentiation. Bosutinib is an inhibitor of SFKs used to treat myeloid leukemias where prominent high expression of SFKs, in particular Lyn, has been observed. Using either Bosutinib or loss of Lyn expression due to shRNA promoted RA-induced phenotypic differentiation, G0 arrest, and respiratory burst (functional differentiation) of HL-60 cells. Signaling events putatively seminal to RA-induced differentiation, the expression of Fgr, Cbl, Slp-76 and Vav, and the phosphorylation of c-Raf (pS259), Vav (p-tyr), and Slp76 (p-tyr) were not inhibited by Bosutinib or loss of Lyn. Nor was RA-induced upregulation of p-tyr phosphorylation of p47phox, a member of the NADPH complex that produces ROS, a putative phosphorylation dependent signaling regulator. Surprisingly, Bosutinib still works in the absence of Lyn to enhance RA-induced differentiation and neither compromised RA-induced expression, nor phosphorylation of signaling molecules that drive differentiation. These findings suggested there is a novel, off-target, Lyn-independent effect of Bosutinib that is of therapeutic significance to differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Kazim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Su P, Mao F, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang M, Xu Y, Tian Z. Circular RNA UBR1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion but represses apoptosis of lung cancer cells via modulating microRNA-545-5p/SSFA2 axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12135-12147. [PMID: 34787049 PMCID: PMC8809928 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence in the world, and its specific pathogenesis is still unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs that play a key role in the development and progression of various cancers. The expression pattern and function of circRNAs in LC are still not completely distinct. In this study, it was aimed to study the expression and potential mechanism of circ-UBR1 in LC cells. Then it was found that circ-UBR1 was up-regulated in LC cells, and had microRNA (miR)-545-5p binding sites. Meanwhile, it was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay that circ-UBR1 directly bound to miR-545-5p and then repressed its expression. MiR-545-5p was down-regulated in LC cells and refrained its expression by binding to the downstream target gene SSFA2. Knockdown circ-UBR1 or enhancive miR-545-5p repressed A549 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but accelerated apoptosis. After transfection with circ-UBR1 low expression vector, upregulation of SSFA2 apparently reversed the depression of reduced circ-UBR1 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the promotion of cell apoptosis. Further tumor xenograft experiments in nude mice also confirmed that knockdown of circ-UBR1 could increase the expression of miR-545-5p, but decrease the expression of SSFA2, thus alleviating the progression of LC in vivo. Therefore, these results fully indicate that circ-UBR1 promotes LC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but represses apoptosis via the circ-UBR1 axis, which may be a closely related marker and therapeutic target of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Su
- Department of Thoracic Fifth, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang City, HeBei Province, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ShangHai City, 200030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (East), ShiJiaZhuang City, HeBei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ShangHai City, 200030, China
| | - MingBo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Fifth, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang City, HeBei Province, China
| | - YanZhao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Fifth, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang City, HeBei Province, China
| | - ZiQiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Fifth, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, ShiJiaZhuang City, HeBei Province, China
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10
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Bianchini G, De Angelis C, Licata L, Gianni L. Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer - expanded options, evolving needs. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 19:91-113. [PMID: 34754128 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity and a long-standing paucity of effective therapies other than chemotherapy have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the subtype with the least favourable outcomes. In the past few years, advances in omics technologies have shed light on the relevance of the TNBC microenvironment heterogeneity, unveiling a close dynamic relationship with cancer cell features. An improved understanding of tumour-immune system co-evolution supports the need to adopt a more comprehensive view of TNBC as an ecosystem that encompasses the intrinsic and extrinsic features of cancer cells. This new appreciation of the biology of TNBC has already led to the development of novel targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which are revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape and providing new opportunities both for patients with early-stage TNBC and for those with advanced-stage disease. The current therapeutic scenario is only the tip of the iceberg, as hundreds of new compounds and combinations are in development. The translation of these experimental therapies into clinical benefit is a welcome and ongoing challenge. In this Review, we describe the current and upcoming therapeutic landscape of TNBC and discuss how an integrated view of the TNBC ecosystem can define different levels of risk and provide improved opportunities for tailoring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Laster and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luca Licata
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Untiveros G, Dezi L, Gillette M, Sidor J, Strizzi L. Normal Skin Cells Increase Aggressiveness of Cutaneous Melanoma by Promoting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via Nodal and Wnt Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11719. [PMID: 34769150 PMCID: PMC8583838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a lethal form of skin cancer triggered by genetic and environmental factors. Excision of early-stage, poorly aggressive melanoma often leads to a successful outcome; however, left undiagnosed these lesions can progress to metastatic disease. This research investigates whether the exposure of poorly aggressive melanoma to certain normal skin cells can explain how non-metastatic melanoma becomes more aggressive while still confined to the skin. To this end, we used a serial co-culture approach to sequentially expose cells from two different, poorly aggressive human melanoma cell lines against normal cells of the skin beginning with normal melanocytes, then epidermal keratinocytes, and finally dermal fibroblasts. Protein extraction of melanoma cells occurred at each step of the co-culture sequence for western blot (WB) analysis. In addition, morphological and functional changes were assessed to detect differences between the serially co-cultured melanoma cells and non-co-cultured cells. Results show that the co-cultured melanoma cells assumed a more mesenchymal morphology and displayed a significant increase in proliferation and invasiveness compared to control or reference cells. WB analysis of protein from the co-cultured melanoma cells showed increased expression of Snail and decreased levels of E-cadherin suggesting that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is occurring in these co-cultured cells. Additional WB analysis showed increased levels of Nodal protein and signaling and signs of increased Wnt activity in the co-cultured melanoma cells compared to reference cells. These data suggest that interaction between poorly aggressive melanoma cells with normal cells of the skin may regulate the transition from localized, poorly aggressive melanoma to invasive, metastatic disease via Nodal and/or Wnt induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Untiveros
- Department of Pathology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Lindsay Dezi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Megan Gillette
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (M.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Sidor
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (M.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Luigi Strizzi
- Department of Pathology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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12
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Sommariva S, Caviglia G, Ravera S, Frassoni F, Benvenuto F, Tortolina L, Castagnino N, Parodi S, Piana M. Computational quantification of global effects induced by mutations and drugs in signaling networks of colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19602. [PMID: 34599254 PMCID: PMC8486743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly and commonly diagnosed tumors worldwide. Several genes are involved in its development and progression. The most frequent mutations concern APC, KRAS, SMAD4, and TP53 genes, suggesting that CRC relies on the concomitant alteration of the related pathways. However, with classic molecular approaches, it is not easy to simultaneously analyze the interconnections between these pathways. To overcome this limitation, recently these pathways have been included in a huge chemical reaction network (CRN) describing how information sensed from the environment by growth factors is processed by healthy colorectal cells. Starting from this CRN, we propose a computational model which simulates the effects induced by single or multiple concurrent mutations on the global signaling network. The model has been tested in three scenarios. First, we have quantified the changes induced on the concentration of the proteins of the network by a mutation in APC, KRAS, SMAD4, or TP53. Second, we have computed the changes in the concentration of p53 induced by up to two concurrent mutations affecting proteins upstreams in the network. Third, we have considered a mutated cell affected by a gain of function of KRAS, and we have simulated the action of Dabrafenib, showing that the proposed model can be used to determine the most effective amount of drug to be delivered to the cell. In general, the proposed approach displays several advantages, in that it allows to quantify the alteration in the concentration of the proteins resulting from a single or multiple given mutations. Moreover, simulations of the global signaling network of CRC may be used to identify new therapeutic targets, or to disclose unexpected interactions between the involved pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Caviglia
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Benvenuto
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tortolina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Castagnino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Parodi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
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13
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Wandee J, Srinontong P, Prawan A, Senggunprai L, Kongpetch S, Yenjai C, Kukongviriyapan V. Derrischalcone suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cells through targeting ROS-mediated mitochondrial cell death, Akt/mTOR, and FAK pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1929-1940. [PMID: 34086099 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a palliative treatment for unresectable patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, drug resistance is a major cause of the failure of this treatment. Derrischalcone (DC), a novel chalcone isolated from Derris indica fruit, has been shown pharmacologically active; though, the effect of DC on CCA is unknown. The present study investigated the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, anti-migration, and anti-invasion effects and underlying mechanisms of DC on CCA KKU-M156 and KKU-100 cells. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated by acridine orange and ethidium bromide fluorescent staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by dihydroethidium assay. Cell proliferation and reproductive cell death were assessed by sulforhodamine B staining and colony-forming assay. Migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and transwell chamber assays. Protein expressions associated with cell death, proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by western immunoblotting. We found that DC induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in association with ROS formation and oxidative stress. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine suppressed ROS formation and attenuated DC-induced cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. DC increased the expression of p53, p21, Bax, and cytochrome c proteins in association with cell death. DC-induced antiproliferation, colony formation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion were associated with the suppression of Akt/mTOR/cyclin D1 and FAK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that the multi-targeting strategies with DC may be a novel treatment for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroon Wandee
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand. .,Bioveterinary Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Srinontong
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.,Bioveterinary Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kongpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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14
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Li Y, Guo F, Chen T, Zhang L, Qin Y. Anthraquinone derivative C10 inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression in colon cancer cells via the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115481. [PMID: 33722666 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, anthraquinone has become very valuable as a lead compound in the development of anti-cancer drugs. Previously, we designed and synthesized a new type of amide anthraquinone derivative (1-nitro-2-acylanthraquinone glycine, C10) with good activity against colon cancer. However, its effect and the underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, C10 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. C10 also plays a role in cell cycle arrest by reducing the protein and gene expression levels of cyclin B1 and its downstream signaling molecule cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1). In addition, molecular docking studies showed that C10 has high affinity for Jak2, the first target in the cell cycle-related Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, C10 downregulated the expression of Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway-related signaling molecules proteins and genes, and up-regulated the expression of PIAS-3, the upstream signaling molecule of Stat3, thereby down-regulating Stat3 phosphorylation. C10 reversed the expression of Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway-related molecules activated by IL-6. Overall, our results indicate for the first time that C10 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. This study provides new insights into the potential role of Jak2/Stat3 in the regulating cell cycle-related signaling pathways that mediate the inhibitory effects of C10 on colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tinggui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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15
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Heterogeneous Off-Target Effects of Ultra-Low Dose Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Targetable Signaling Events in Lung Cancer In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062819. [PMID: 33802212 PMCID: PMC8001778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targetable alterations in cancer offer novel opportunities to the drug discovery process. However, pre-clinical testing often requires solubilization of these drugs in cosolvents like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Using a panel of cell lines commonly used for in vitro drug screening and pre-clinical testing, we explored the DMSO off-target effects on functional signaling networks, drug targets, and downstream substrates. Eight Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were incubated with three concentrations of DMSO (0.0008%, 0.002%, and 0.004% v/v) over time. Expression and activation levels of 187 proteins, of which 137 were kinases and downstream substrates, were captured using the Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA). The DMSO effect was heterogeneous across cell lines and varied based on concentration, exposure time, and cell line. Of the 187 proteins measured, all were statistically different in at least one comparison at the highest DMSO concentration, followed by 99.5% and 98.9% at lower concentrations. Only 46% of the proteins were found to be statistically different in more than 5 cell lines, indicating heterogeneous response across models. These cell line specific alterations modulate response to in vitro drug screening. Ultra-low DMSO concentrations have broad and heterogeneous effects on targetable signaling proteins. Off-target effects need to be carefully evaluated in pre-clinical drug screening and testing.
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16
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Ahmed S, Mohamed HT, El-Husseiny N, El Mahdy MM, Safwat G, Diab AA, El-Sherif AA, El-Shinawi M, Mohamed MM. IL-8 secreted by tumor associated macrophages contribute to lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer via activation of Src/STAT3/ERK1/2-mediated EGFR signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118995. [PMID: 33667527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is an aggressive disease characterized by late clinical presentation, large tumor size, treatment resistance and low survival rate. Expression of EGFR/HER2 and activation of intracellular tyrosine kinase domains in LABC are associated with poor prognosis. Thus, target therapies such as the anti-receptor tyrosine kinases lapatinib drug have been more developed in the past decade. The response to lapatinib involves the inhibition of RTKs and subsequently signaling molecules such as Src/STAT3/Erk1/2 known also to be activated by the cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The aim of the present study is to identify the major cytokine that might contribute to lapatinib resistance in EGFR+/HER2+ LABC patients. Indeed, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main source of cytokines in the TME. Herein, we isolated TAMs from LABC during modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Cytokine profile of TAMs revealed that IL-8 is the most prominent highly secreted cytokine by TAMs of LABC patients. Using in-vitro cell culture model we showed that recombinant IL-8 (50 and 100 ng/mL) at different time intervals interfere with lapatinib action via activation of Src/EGFR and signaling molecules known to be inhibited during treatment. We proposed that to improve LABC patients' response to lapatinib treatment it is preferred to use combined therapy that neutralize or block the action of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Husseiny
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Manal M El Mahdy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Diab
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherif
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Vice President for International Affairs, Galala University, Suez 43511, Egypt
| | - Mona Mostafa Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Director of Biotechnology program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, 43511 Suez, Egypt.
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17
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Hernández-Lemus E, Martínez-García M. Pathway-Based Drug-Repurposing Schemes in Cancer: The Role of Translational Bioinformatics. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605680. [PMID: 33520715 PMCID: PMC7841291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a set of complex pathologies that has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide for decades. A myriad of therapeutic strategies is indeed available. However, the wide variability in tumor physiology, response to therapy, added to multi-drug resistance poses enormous challenges in clinical oncology. The last years have witnessed a fast-paced development of novel experimental and translational approaches to therapeutics, that supplemented with computational and theoretical advances are opening promising avenues to cope with cancer defiances. At the core of these advances, there is a strong conceptual shift from gene-centric emphasis on driver mutations in specific oncogenes and tumor suppressors-let us call that the silver bullet approach to cancer therapeutics-to a systemic, semi-mechanistic approach based on pathway perturbations and global molecular and physiological regulatory patterns-we will call this the shrapnel approach. The silver bullet approach is still the best one to follow when clonal mutations in driver genes are present in the patient, and when there are targeted therapies to tackle those. Unfortunately, due to the heterogeneous nature of tumors this is not the common case. The wide molecular variability in the mutational level often is reduced to a much smaller set of pathway-based dysfunctions as evidenced by the well-known hallmarks of cancer. In such cases "shrapnel gunshots" may become more effective than "silver bullets". Here, we will briefly present both approaches and will abound on the discussion on the state of the art of pathway-based therapeutic designs from a translational bioinformatics and computational oncology perspective. Further development of these approaches depends on building collaborative, multidisciplinary teams to resort to the expertise of clinical oncologists, oncological surgeons, and molecular oncologists, but also of cancer cell biologists and pharmacologists, as well as bioinformaticians, computational biologists and data scientists. These teams will be capable of engaging on a cycle of analyzing high-throughput experiments, mining databases, researching on clinical data, validating the findings, and improving clinical outcomes for the benefits of the oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Chen X, Hu Z, Zhou L, Zhang F, Wan J, Wang H. Self-assembling a natural small molecular inhibitor that shows aggregation-induced emission and potentiates antitumor efficacy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:33-42. [PMID: 33210687 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy using small molecular inhibitors has been developed to rewire key signaling pathways in tumor cells, but these inhibitors have had mixed success in the clinic due to their poor pharmaceutical properties and suboptimal intratumoral concentrations. Here, we developed a "self-assembling natural molecular inhibitor" strategy to test the efficacy and feasibility of the water-insoluble agent dasatinib (DAS), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for cancer therapy. By exploiting a facile reprecipitation protocol, the DAS inhibitor self-assembled into soluble supramolecular nanoparticles (termed sDNPs) in aqueous solution, without an exogenous excipient. This strategy is applicable for generating systemically injectable and colloid-stable therapeutic nanoparticles of hydrophobic small-molecule inhibitors. Concurrently, during this process, we observed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of fluorescence for this self-assembled DAS, which makes sDNPs suitable for bioimaging and tracing of cellular trafficking. Notably, in an orthotopic model of breast cancer, administration of sDNPs induced a durable inhibition of primary tumors and reduced the metastatic tumor burden, significantly surpassing the effects of the free DAS inhibitor after oral delivery. In addition, low toxicity was observed for this platform, with effective avoidance of immunotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge, our studies provide the first successful demonstration of self-assembling natural molecular inhibitors with AIE and highlight the feasibility of this approach for the preparation of therapeutic nanoparticles for highly lethal human cancers and many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China.
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19
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Receptor tyrosine kinases activate heterotrimeric G proteins via phosphorylation within the interdomain cleft of Gαi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28763-28774. [PMID: 33139573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004699117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heterotrimeric G proteins, two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes, independently relay signals across the plasma membrane have been extensively characterized. How these hubs cross-talk has been a long-standing question, but answers remain elusive. Using linear ion-trap mass spectrometry in combination with biochemical, cellular, and computational approaches, we unravel a mechanism of activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by RTKs and chart the key steps that mediate such activation. Upon growth factor stimulation, the guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator dissociates Gαi•βγ trimers, scaffolds monomeric Gαi with RTKs, and facilitates the phosphorylation on two tyrosines located within the interdomain cleft of Gαi. Phosphorylation triggers the activation of Gαi and inhibits second messengers (cAMP). Tumor-associated mutants reveal how constitutive activation of this pathway impacts cell's decision to "go" vs. "grow." These insights define a tyrosine-based G protein signaling paradigm and reveal its importance in eukaryotes.
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20
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Huang TY, Chang TC, Chin YT, Pan YS, Chang WJ, Liu FC, Hastuti ED, Chiu SJ, Wang SH, Changou CA, Li ZL, Chen YR, Chu HR, Shih YJ, Cheng RH, Wu A, Lin HY, Wang K, Whang-Peng J, Mousa SA, Davis PJ. NDAT Targets PI3K-Mediated PD-L1 Upregulation to Reduce Proliferation in Gefitinib-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081830. [PMID: 32756527 PMCID: PMC7464180 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The property of drug-resistance may attenuate clinical therapy in cancer cells, such as chemoresistance to gefitinib in colon cancer cells. In previous studies, overexpression of PD-L1 causes proliferation and metastasis in cancer cells; therefore, the PD-L1 pathway allows tumor cells to exert an adaptive resistance mechanism in vivo. Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT) has been shown to enhance the anti-proliferative effect induced by first-line chemotherapy in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this work, we attempted to explore whether NDAT could enhance the anti-proliferative effect of gefitinib in CRC and clarified the mechanism of their interaction. The MTT assay was utilized to detect a reduction in cell proliferation in four primary culture tumor cells treated with gefitinib or NDAT. The gene expression of PD-L1 and other tumor growth-related molecules were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, the identification of PI3K and PD-L1 in treated CRC cells were detected by western blotting analysis. PD-L1 presentation in HCT116 xenograft tumors was characterized by specialized immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain). The correlations between the change in PD-L1 expression and tumorigenic characteristics were also analyzed. (3) The PD-L1 was highly expressed in Colo_160224 rather than in the other three primary CRC cells and HCT-116 cells. Moreover, the PD-L1 expression was decreased by gefitinib (1 µM and 10 µM) in two cells (Colo_150624 and 160426), but 10 µM gefitinib stimulated PD-L1 expression in gefitinib-resistant primary CRC Colo_160224 cells. Inactivated PI3K reduced PD-L1 expression and proliferation in CRC Colo_160224 cells. Gefitinib didn’t inhibit PD-L1 expression and PI3K activation in gefitinib-resistant Colo_160224 cells. However, NDAT inhibited PI3K activation as well as PD-L1 accumulation in gefitinib-resistant Colo_160224 cells. The combined treatment of NDAT and gefitinib inhibited pPI3K and PD-L1 expression and cell proliferation. Additionally, NDAT reduced PD-L1 accumulation and tumor growth in the HCT116 (K-RAS mutant) xenograft experiment. (4) Gefitinib might suppress PD-L1 expression but did not inhibit proliferation through PI3K in gefitinib-resistant primary CRC cells. However, NDAT not only down-regulated PD-L1 expression via blocking PI3K activation but also inhibited cell proliferation in gefitinib-resistant CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Cheng Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan;
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Wong-Jin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Ema Dwi Hastuti
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (E.D.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (E.D.H.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shwu-Huey Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Core Facility Center, Department of Research Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chun A. Changou
- Core Facility Center, Department of Research Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Ru Chu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - R. Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Alexander Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (H.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2-697-2035 (A.W.); +886-2-7361661 (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.A.M.); (P.J.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (H.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2-697-2035 (A.W.); +886-2-7361661 (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.P.); (W.-J.C.); (Z.-L.L.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-R.C.); (Y.-J.S.); (J.W.-P.)
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.A.M.); (P.J.D.)
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (S.A.M.); (P.J.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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21
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Samaržija I, Dekanić A, Humphries JD, Paradžik M, Stojanović N, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. Integrin Crosstalk Contributes to the Complexity of Signalling and Unpredictable Cancer Cell Fates. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1910. [PMID: 32679769 PMCID: PMC7409212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of α and β subunits that control adhesion, proliferation and gene expression. The integrin heterodimer binding to ligand reorganises the cytoskeletal networks and triggers multiple signalling pathways that can cause changes in cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. In addition, integrins have been identified as targets for many different diseases, including cancer. Integrin crosstalk is a mechanism by which a change in the expression of a certain integrin subunit or the activation of an integrin heterodimer may interfere with the expression and/or activation of other integrin subunit(s) in the very same cell. Here, we review the evidence for integrin crosstalk in a range of cellular systems, with a particular emphasis on cancer. We describe the molecular mechanisms of integrin crosstalk, the effects of cell fate determination, and the contribution of crosstalk to therapeutic outcomes. Our intention is to raise awareness of integrin crosstalk events such that the contribution of the phenomenon can be taken into account when researching the biological or pathophysiological roles of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
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22
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Hastings JF, O'Donnell YEI, Fey D, Croucher DR. Applications of personalised signalling network models in precision oncology. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107555. [PMID: 32320730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As our ability to provide in-depth, patient-specific characterisation of the molecular alterations within tumours rapidly improves, it is becoming apparent that new approaches will be required to leverage the power of this data and derive the full benefit for each individual patient. Systems biology approaches are beginning to emerge within this field as a potential method of incorporating large volumes of network level data and distilling a coherent, clinically-relevant prediction of drug response. However, the initial promise of this developing field is yet to be realised. Here we argue that in order to develop these precise models of individual drug response and tailor treatment accordingly, we will need to develop mathematical models capable of capturing both the dynamic nature of drug-response signalling networks and key patient-specific information such as mutation status or expression profiles. We also review the modelling approaches commonly utilised within this field, and outline recent examples of their use in furthering the application of systems biology for a precision medicine approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan F Hastings
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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23
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Smerekanych S, Johnson TS, Huang K, Zhang Y. Pseudogene-gene functional networks are prognostic of patient survival in breast cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:51. [PMID: 32241256 PMCID: PMC7118805 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the vast range of molecular mechanisms giving rise to breast cancer, it is unlikely universal cures exist. However, by providing a more precise prognosis for breast cancer patients through integrative models, treatments can become more individualized, resulting in more successful outcomes. Specifically, we combine gene expression, pseudogene expression, miRNA expression, clinical factors, and pseudogene-gene functional networks to generate these models for breast cancer prognostics. Establishing a LASSO-generated molecular gene signature revealed that the increased expression of genes STXBP5, GALP and LOC387646 indicate a poor prognosis for a breast cancer patient. We also found that increased CTSLP8 and RPS10P20 and decreased HLA-K pseudogene expression indicate poor prognosis for a patient. Perhaps most importantly we identified a pseudogene-gene interaction, GPS2-GPS2P1 (improved prognosis) that is prognostic where neither the gene nor pseudogene alone is prognostic of survival. Besides, miR-3923 was predicted to target GPS2 using miRanda, PicTar, and TargetScan, which imply modules of gene-pseudogene-miRNAs that are potentially functionally related to patient survival. RESULTS In our LASSO-based model, we take into account features including pseudogenes, genes and candidate pseudogene-gene interactions. Key biomarkers were identified from the features. The identification of key biomarkers in combination with significant clinical factors (such as stage and radiation therapy status) should be considered as well, enabling a specific prognostic prediction and future treatment plan for an individual patient. Here we used our PseudoFuN web application to identify the candidate pseudogene-gene interactions as candidate features in our integrative models. We further identified potential miRNAs targeting those features in our models using PseudoFuN as well. From this study, we present an interpretable survival model based on LASSO and decision trees, we also provide a novel feature set which includes pseudogene-gene interaction terms that have been ignored by previous prognostic models. We find that some interaction terms for pseudogenes and genes are significantly prognostic of survival. These interactions are cross-over interactions, where the impact of the gene expression on survival changes with pseudogene expression and vice versa. These may imply more complicated regulation mechanisms than previously understood. CONCLUSIONS We recommend these novel feature sets be considered when training other types of prognostic models as well, which may provide more comprehensive insights into personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Smerekanych
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43022, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Travis S Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC - James), Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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SIRT2 Affects Primary Cilia Formation by Regulating mTOR Signaling in Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062240. [PMID: 32213867 PMCID: PMC7139600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT2, a member of the Class III HDAC family, participates in diverse cellular processes and regulates several pathological conditions. Although a few reports show that SIRT2 regulates the cell cycle, the causes and outcomes of SIRT2-dependent cell proliferation remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of SIRT2 suppression in human RPE1 cells using siRNA targeting SIRT2, and AK-1, a SIRT2-specific inhibitor. The number of primary cilia in SIRT2-suppressed cells increased under serum-present conditions. Suppressing SIRT2 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by inactivating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, possibly through mTORC1. Treatment with torin 1, an inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2, yielded results similar to those observed after SIRT2 suppression. However, SIRT2 suppression did not affect primary cilia formation or mTOR signaling following serum starvation. This suggests that SIRT2 acts as a critical sensor that links growth factor-dependent signal transduction and primary cilia formation by regulating the cell cycle.
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25
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Ding L, Billadeau DD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β: a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:417-426. [PMID: 32178549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1743681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States with a single-digit 5-year survival rate despite advances in understanding the genetics and biology of the disease. Glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β are serine/threonine kinases that localize to the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus. Although they are highly homologous within their kinase domains and phosphorylate an overlapping set of target proteins, genetic studies have shown that GSK-3β regulates the activity of several proteins that promote neoplastic transformation. Significantly, GSK-3β is progressively overexpressed during PDAC development where it participates in tumor progression, survival and chemoresistance. Thus, GSK-3β has become an attractive target for treating PDAC.Areas covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms regulating GSK-3β activity, including upstream translational and post-translational regulation, as well as the downstream targets and their functions in PDAC cell growth, metastasis and chemoresistance.Expert opinion: The activity of GSK-3 kinases are considered cell- and context-specific. In PDAC, oncogenic KRas drives the transcriptional expression of the GSK-3β gene, which has been shown to regulate cancer cell proliferation and survival, as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the combination of GSK-3 inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs could be a promising strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Zhang T, Cheng G, Deng L, Yang Y, Sun L, Chen P, He X, Su D, Bi N, Qiu B. Silence of S1 RNA binding domain 1 represses cell growth and promotes apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 8:760-774. [PMID: 32010555 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of S1 RNA binding domain 1 (SRBD1) in non-small cell lung cancer tissue and the effects of SRBD1 silencing on the biological behaviors of human non-small cell lung cancer cells, and to explore the molecular mechanism of SRBD1functions in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Methods Expressions of SRBD1 in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues and cell lines were examined by immunostaining and RT-PCR. shRNAs of SRBD1 were chemically synthesized and transfected into A549 and NCI-H1299 cells by lentivirus. Cell proliferation was assayed by cell counting, MTT and clone formation. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. Tumorigenicity was assessed by cell injection into BALB/c athymic nude mouse. Gene chip analysis was employed to explore genomic changes in A549 cells. Potential classical signaling pathways, upstream regulators and gene interaction networks were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and verified by western blot analysis. Results SRBD1 was specifically expressed in human squamous cell carcinoma and highly expressed in lung cancer cell lines, NCI-H1299, A549 and NCI-H1975. SRBD1 directed-shRNA (shSRBD1) effectively reduced the expression of SRBD1 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. SRBD1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and suppressed tumorigenesis in a nude mouse model. In addition, we found silencing of SRBD1 expression resulted in marked changes in gene expression in A549 cells. Besides, in shSRBD1 group, the protein levels of EPS 15, IGF1R, MYC, PYCR1 and HNRNPA0 were downregulated, and the expressions of several classical factors involved in the growth and apoptosis of cancer cells were also decreased. Conclusions We found that SRBD1 were specifically expressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissue. Silencing of SRBD1 inhibits cell growth and promotes cell apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and suppresses tumorigenesis in vivo, suggesting that SRBD1 may be a new diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Guowei Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huan Xing, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huan Xing, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huan Xing, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Xiangling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huan Xing, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huan Xing, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10021, China
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27
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Jo MJ, Jin IS, Park CW, Hwang BY, Chung YB, Kim JS, Shin DH. Revolutionizing technologies of nanomicelles for combinatorial anticancer drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:100-109. [PMID: 31989478 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient efficacy of current single drug therapy of cancers have led to the advancement of combination drug-loaded formulations. Specifically, polymeric micelles have been focused on as efficient injectable vehicles for the delivery of several anticancer drugs simultaneously to cancer cells. These nano delivery systems have evolved with advancements in the area of nanotechnology. The current review presents a summary of the past events that have led to the procession of nanomicelles and novel nanotechnologies for combinatorial drug delivery. It also focuses on the advantages, disadvantages, and considerations for the design of nanotechnologies for combinatorial drug delivery systems. The opportunities and challenges of nanotechnologies in drug delivery to overcome current disadvantages are also discussed. Furthermore, we have added findings regarding the trends and perspectives regarding nanotechnologies for combinatorial anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Sup Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Bok Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Kim
- Drug Information Research Institute (DIRI), College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Hwan Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Bera S, Chowdhury A, Sarkar K, Dastidar P. Design and Synthesis of Zn II -Coordination Polymers Anchored with NSAIDs: Metallovesicle Formation and Multi-drug Delivery. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:503-510. [PMID: 31886623 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of coordination polymers synthesized from a bis-pyridyl linker, namely 4,4'-azopyridine (L), selected non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely diclofenac (Dic), ibuprofen (Ibu), flurbiprofen (Flu), mefenamic acid (Mefe), and naproxen (Nap), and Zn(NO3 )2 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. One of the coordination polymers, namely CP3 derived from Flu, was able to form metallovesicles in DMSO, DMSO/H2 O and DMSO/DMEM (biological media) as revealed by TEM, AFM and DLS. Metallovesicle formation by CP3 was further supported by loading a fluorescent dye, namely calcein, as well as an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), as revealed by UV-vis and emission spectra, and fluorescence microscopy. DOX-loaded metallovesicles of CP3 (DOX@CP3-vesicle) could be delivered in vitro to a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line, namely MDA-MB-231, as revealed by MTT and cell migration assays, and also cell imaging performed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Thus, a proof of concept for developing a multi-drug delivery system derived from a metallovesicle for delivering an anti-cancer drug to cancer cells is demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhinanda Chowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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Ramón Y Cajal S, Sesé M, Capdevila C, Aasen T, De Mattos-Arruda L, Diaz-Cano SJ, Hernández-Losa J, Castellví J. Clinical implications of intratumor heterogeneity: challenges and opportunities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:161-177. [PMID: 31970428 PMCID: PMC7007907 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the role of intratumoral heterogeneity, focusing on the clinical and biological ramifications this phenomenon poses. Intratumoral heterogeneity arises through complex genetic, epigenetic, and protein modifications that drive phenotypic selection in response to environmental pressures. Functionally, heterogeneity provides tumors with significant adaptability. This ranges from mutual beneficial cooperation between cells, which nurture features such as growth and metastasis, to the narrow escape and survival of clonal cell populations that have adapted to thrive under specific conditions such as hypoxia or chemotherapy. These dynamic intercellular interplays are guided by a Darwinian selection landscape between clonal tumor cell populations and the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the involved drivers and functional consequences of such tumor heterogeneity is challenging but also promises to provide novel insight needed to confront the problem of therapeutic resistance in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. .,Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sesé
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Capdevila
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Trond Aasen
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia De Mattos-Arruda
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, c/Natzaret, 115-117, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador J Diaz-Cano
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellví
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Yu X, Yang F, Jiang H, Fan L. RGFP966 Suppresses Tumor Growth and Migration Through Inhibition of EGFR Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:121-128. [PMID: 32021097 PMCID: PMC6959505 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s234871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been suggested to play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present report, we aimed to identify the effects of RGFP966, a specific HDAC3 inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and migration of HCC cell lines. Methods Human HCC cell lines, which were identified using short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiling analysis, were used in this report. Cell proliferation assay was used to identify the growth viability of cells. Wound healing and transwell assay were used to identify the migration ability of cells. Further, a human phospho-receptor tyrosine kinases array kit was used to screen out RGFP966 effects on key receptor tyrosine kinases. Then, the mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR, and protein expression was identified by Western blot immunoassay. Results We found that RGFP966 inhibited both proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Further, RGFP966 represses the expression and phosphorylation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in HCC cells. Moreover, HDAC3 is involved in the inhibition of EGFR by RGFP966. Overall, we elucidated an inhibitive function of RGFP966 in HCC progression. Conclusion RGFP966 inhibits EGFR signaling pathway and suppresses proliferation and migration of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Yu
- Second Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Third Neonatal Ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Second Neonatal Ward, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Fan
- Second Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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31
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Pandey S, Patil S, Ballav N, Basu S. Spatial targeting of Bcl-2 on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in cancer cells by lipid nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4259-4266. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the same proteins at different sub-cellular locations with completely different functions adds to the complexity of signalling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune
- Pune
- India
| | - Sohan Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune
- Pune
- India
| | - Nirmalya Ballav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune
- Pune
- India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Gandhinagar
- Gandhinagar
- India
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Quantitative multi-omics analysis of the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1211-1226. [PMID: 31832712 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, combined genome, transcriptome, and metabolome analysis was performed for eight Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial respiration-deficient mutants. Each mutant exhibited a unique nuclear genome mutation pattern; the nuclear genome mutations, and thus potentially affected genes and metabolic pathways, showed a co-occurrence frequency of ≤ 3 among the eight mutants. For example, only a lipid metabolism-related pathway was likely to be affected by the nuclear genome mutations in one of the mutants. However, large deletions in the mitochondrial genome were the shared characteristic among the eight mutants. At the transcriptomic level, lipid metabolism was the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) co-occurring in both ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 mutants. Any identified DEG enriched in lipid metabolism showed the same up-/down-regulated pattern among nearly all eight mutants. Further, 126 differentially expressed lipid species (DELS) were identified, which also showed the same up-/down-regulated pattern among nearly all investigated mutants. It was conservatively demonstrated that the similar change pattern of lipid metabolism in the entire investigated mutant population was attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. The change spectrum of lipid species was presented, suggesting that the number and change degree of up-regulated lipid species were higher than those of down-regulated lipid species. Additionally, energy storage lipids increased in content and plasma-membrane phospholipid compositions varied in the relative proposition. The results for the genome, transcriptome, and lipidome were mutually validated, which provides quantitative data revealing the roles of mitochondria from a global cellular perspective.
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Kwon JH, Kim KJ, Sung JH, Suh KJ, Lee JY, Kim JW, Kim SH, Lee JO, Kim JW, Kim YJ, Lee KW, Kim JH, Bang SM, Kim S, Yoon SS, Lee JS. Afatinib Overcomes Pemetrexed-Acquired Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Harboring an EML4-ALK Rearrangement. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121538. [PMID: 31795298 PMCID: PMC6953071 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of acquired resistance to pemetrexed in echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: We analyzed the sensitivity to pemetrexed and the expression patterns of various proteins after pemetrexed treatment in the cell lines, A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H2228 harboring EML4-ALK variant 3, and NCI-H3122 harboring EML4-ALK variant 1. Pemetrexed-resistant cell lines were also generated through long-term exposure to pemetrexed. Results: The EML4-ALK variant 1 rearranged NCI-H3122 was found to be more sensitive than the other cell lines. Cell cycle analysis after pemetrexed treatment showed that the fraction of cells in the S phase increased in A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H2228, whereas the fraction in the apoptotic sub-G1 phase increased in NCI-H3122. The pemetrexed-resistant NCI-H3122 cell line showed increased expression of EGFR and HER2 compared to the parent cell line, whereas A549 and NCI-H460 did not show this change. The pan-HER inhibitor afatinib inhibited this alternative signaling pathway, resulting in a superior cytotoxic effect in pemetrexed-resistant NCI-H3122 cell lines compared to that in the parental cells line. Conclusion: The activation of EGFR-HER2 contributes to the acquisition of resistance to pemetrexed in EML4-ALK rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. However, the inhibition of this alternative survival signaling pathway with RNAi against EGFR-HER2 and with afatinib overcomes this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kwon
- Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Ji Hea Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Soo-Mee Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (J.H.S.); (K.J.S.); (J.Y.L.); (J.-W.K.); (S.H.K.); (J.-O.L.); (J.W.K.); (Y.J.K.); (K.-W.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-787-7022; Fax: +82-31-787-4052
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Machine learning and data mining frameworks for predicting drug response in cancer: An overview and a novel in silico screening process based on association rule mining. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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He J, Wink S, de Bont H, Le Dévédec S, Zhang Y, van de Water B. FRET biosensor-based kinase inhibitor screen for ERK and AKT activity reveals differential kinase dependencies for proliferation in TNBC cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Complex disease such as cancer is often caused by genetic mutations that eventually alter the signal flow in the intra-cellular signaling network and result in different cell fate. Therefore, it is crucial to identify control targets that can most effectively block such unwanted signal flow. For this purpose, systems biological analysis provides a useful framework, but mathematical modeling of complicated signaling networks requires massive time-series measurements of signaling protein activity levels for accurate estimation of kinetic parameter values or regulatory logics. Here, we present a novel method, called SFC (Signal Flow Control), for identifying control targets without the information of kinetic parameter values or regulatory logics. Our method requires only the structural information of a signaling network and is based on the topological estimation of signal flow through the network. SFC will be particularly useful for a large-scale signaling network to which parameter estimation or inference of regulatory logics is no longer applicable in practice. The identified control targets have significant implication in drug development as they can be putative drug targets.
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Gao X, Cai Y, Wang Z, He W, Cao S, Xu R, Chen H. Estrogen receptors promote NSCLC progression by modulating the membrane receptor signaling network: a systems biology perspective. J Transl Med 2019; 17:308. [PMID: 31511014 PMCID: PMC6737693 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptors (ERs) are thought to play an important role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effect of ERs in NSCLC is still controversial and needs further investigation. A new consideration is that ERs may affect NSCLC progression through complicated molecular signaling networks rather than individual targets. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of ERs in NSCLC from the perspective of cancer systems biology. Methods The gene expression profile of NSCLC samples in TCGA dataset was analyzed by bioinformatics method. Variations of cell behaviors and protein expression were detected in vitro. The kinetic process of molecular signaling network was illustrated by a systemic computational model. At last, immunohistochemical (IHC) and survival analysis was applied to evaluate the clinical relevance and prognostic effect of key receptors in NSCLC. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ERs might affect many cancer-related molecular events and pathways in NSCLC, particularly membrane receptor activation and signal transduction, which might ultimately lead to changes in cell behaviors. Experimental results confirmed that ERs could regulate cell behaviors including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration; ERs also regulated the expression or activation of key members in membrane receptor signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Notch1 and Glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-Catenin (GSK3β/β-Catenin) pathways. Modeling results illustrated that the promotive effect of ERs in NSCLC was implemented by modulating the signaling network composed of EGFR, Notch1 and GSK3β/β-Catenin pathways; ERs maintained and enhanced the output of oncogenic signals by adding redundant and positive-feedback paths into the network. IHC results echoed that high expression of ERs, EGFR and Notch1 had a synergistic effect on poor prognosis of advanced NSCLC. Conclusions This study indicated that ERs were likely to promote NSCLC progression by modulating the integrated membrane receptor signaling network composed of EGFR, Notch1 and GSK3β/β-Catenin pathways and then affecting tumor cell behaviors. It also complemented the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of NSCLC and provided new opportunities for optimizing therapeutic scheme of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjuan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, HangKong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Liao Z, Tan ZW, Zhu P, Tan NS. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment – Accomplices in tumor malignancy. Cell Immunol 2019; 343:103729. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Flashner-Abramson E, Vasudevan S, Adejumobi IA, Sonnenblick A, Kravchenko-Balasha N. Decoding cancer heterogeneity: studying patient-specific signaling signatures towards personalized cancer therapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:5149-5165. [PMID: 31410207 PMCID: PMC6691586 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The past years have witnessed a rapid increase in the amount of large-scale tumor datasets. The challenge has now become to find a way to obtain useful information from these masses of data that will allow to determine which combination of FDA-approved drugs is best suited to treat the specific tumor. Various statistical analyses are being developed to extract significant signals from cancer datasets. However, tumors are still being assigned to pre-defined categories (breast luminal A, triple negative, etc.), conceptually contradicting the vast heterogeneity that is known to exist among tumors, and likely overlooking unique tumors that must be addressed and treated individually. We present herein an approach based on information theory that, rather than searches for what makes a tumor similar to other tumors, addresses tumors individually and unbiasedly, and impartially decodes the critical patient-specific molecular network reorganization in every tumor. Methods: Using a large dataset obtained from ~3500 tumors of 11 types we decipher the altered protein network structure in each tumor, namely the patient-specific signaling signature. Each signature can harbor several altered protein subnetworks. We suggest that simultaneous targeting of central proteins from every altered subnetwork is essential to efficiently disturb the altered signaling in each tumor. We experimentally validate our ability to dissect sample-specific signaling signatures and to rationally design personalized drug combinations. Results: We unraveled a surprisingly simple order that underlies the extreme apparent complexity of tumor tissues, demonstrating that only 17 altered protein subnetworks characterize ~3500 tumors of 11 types. Each tumor was described by a specific subset of 1-4 subnetworks out of 17, i.e. a tumor-specific altered signaling signature. We show that the majority of tumor-specific signaling signatures are extremely rare, and are shared by only 5 tumors or less, supporting a personalized, comprehensive study of tumors in order to design the optimal combination therapy for every patient. We validate the results by confirming that the processes identified in the 11 original cancer types characterize patients harboring a different cancer type as well. We show experimentally, using different cancer cell lines, that the individualized combination therapies predicted by us achieved higher rates of killing than the clinically prescribed treatments. Conclusions: We present a new strategy to deal with the inter-tumor heterogeneity and to break down the high complexity of cancer systems into simple, easy to crack, patient-specific signaling signatures that guide the rational design of personalized drug therapies.
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Yadav S, Pandey SK, Goel Y, Temre MK, Singh SM. Diverse Stakeholders of Tumor Metabolism: An Appraisal of the Emerging Approach of Multifaceted Metabolic Targeting by 3-Bromopyruvate. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31333455 PMCID: PMC6620530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells possess a unique metabolic machinery to endure unobstructed cell survival. It comprises several levels of metabolic networking consisting of 1) upregulated expression of membrane-associated transporter proteins, facilitating unhindered uptake of substrates; 2) upregulated metabolic pathways for efficient substrate utilization; 3) pH and redox homeostasis, conducive for driving metabolism; 4) tumor metabolism-dependent reconstitution of tumor growth promoting the external environment; 5) upregulated expression of receptors and signaling mediators; and 6) distinctive genetic and regulatory makeup to generate and sustain rearranged metabolism. This feat is achieved by a "battery of molecular patrons," which acts in a highly cohesive and mutually coordinated manner to bestow immortality to neoplastic cells. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a multitargeted therapeutic approach to achieve a formidable inhibition of the diverse arrays of tumor metabolism. Among the emerging agents capable of such multifaceted targeting of tumor metabolism, an alkylating agent designated as 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) has gained immense research focus because of its broad spectrum and specific antineoplastic action. Inhibitory effects of 3-BP are imparted on a variety of metabolic target molecules, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, and several other crucial stakeholders of tumor metabolism. Moreover, 3-BP ushers a reconstitution of the tumor microenvironment, a reversal of tumor acidosis, and recuperative action on vital organs and systems of the tumor-bearing host. Studies have been conducted to identify targets of 3-BP and its derivatives and characterization of target binding for further optimization. This review presents a brief and comprehensive discussion about the current state of knowledge concerning various aspects of tumor metabolism and explores the prospects of 3-BP as a safe and effective antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Wang K, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Apoptosis of cancer cells is triggered by selective crosslinking and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases. Commun Biol 2019; 2:231. [PMID: 31263775 PMCID: PMC6588694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) have been the most prevalent therapeutic targets in anti-cancer drug development. However, the emergence of drug resistance toward single target RTK inhibitors remains a major challenge to achieve long-term remissions. Development of alternative RTK inhibitory strategies that bypass drug resistance is much wanted. In the present study, we found that selected cell surface RTKs were inhibited and crosslinked into detergent resistant complexes by oligomeric but not monomeric concanavalin A (ConA). The inhibition of RTKs by ConA led to suppression of pro-survival pathways and induction of apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines, while overexpression of constitutively activated protein kinase B (AKT) reversed the apoptotic effect. However, major cell stress sensing checkpoints were not influenced by ConA. To our knowledge, selective crosslinking and inhibition of cell surface receptors by ConA-like molecules might represent a previously unidentified mechanism that could be potentially exploited for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yiying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
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Sugiura K, Mishima T, Takano S, Yoshitomi H, Furukawa K, Takayashiki T, Kuboki S, Takada M, Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M. The Expression of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Maintains Putative Cancer Stemness and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1863-1877. [PMID: 31220448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is related to tumor progression; however, its role in ICC remains unknown. We investigated the mechanism underlying YAP-mediated cancer progression by focusing on the property of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in ICC. Immunohistochemistry results revealed the positive YAP expression in 37 of 52 resected ICC cases. Those with positive YAP expression showed poor prognosis in Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.023). YAP expression was associated with vimentin and the putative CSC marker, hepatic oval cell marker 6 (OV-6). The knockdown of YAP expression using specific siRNAs in ICC cells decreased octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression in Western blot analyses and OV-6 and CD133 expression in flow cytometry analysis. Verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor, decreased N-cadherin and OCT4 expression in Western blot analyses. In vitro sphere formation and anoikis resistance assays revealed the impairment in CSC property and anoikis resistance in response to the decrease in YAP expression. Verteporfin treatment activated the protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway and dramatically impaired IL-6-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in ICC cells. The combination of verteporfin and rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin phosphorylation, inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth. In conclusion, verteporfin regulates multiple signaling pathways and, in combination with rapamycin, might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sugiura
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takayashiki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takada
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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Zeng Q, Lei F, Chang Y, Gao Z, Wang Y, Gao Q, Niu P, Li Q. An oncogenic gene, SNRPA1, regulates PIK3R1, VEGFC, MKI67, CDK1 and other genes in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109076. [PMID: 31203132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) caused more than 65,000 mortalities worldwide per year. It is a result of one or a combination of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, and microsatellite instability. SNRPA1 (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A) is a subunit of spliceosome complex that is involved in the RNA processing. Overexpression of SNRPA1 has been implicated in a variety of cancers including CRC. Besides from its role in mediating the RNA processing, the other aspects regarding its function in the progression of colorectal cancer have not been revealed. METHODS Herein, we combined regular gene overexpression or knock down in vitro and in vivo and microarray gene profiling analysis to decipher the unknow regulatory role of SNRPA1 in CRC. RESULTS We found SNRPA1 widely expression in many representative CRC cell lines. Knocking down expression of SNRPA1 by shRNA lentivirus inhibited the cell proliferation in vitro and impaired tumor formation from implanted CRC cells transduced with SNRPA1 silencing shRNA lentivirus in nude mice. It also promoted the cell apoptosis by upregulating the caspase 3/7 activity. Additional microarray gene profiling analysis uncovered the gene interaction network of SNRPA1, special focus was placed on its association with tumor suppressor or oncogenes. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of gene interaction network as well as qRT-PCR verification, it revealed that SNPRA1 regulates PIK3R1, VEGFC, MKI67, CDK1 in CRC. These novel findings identified new roles played by SNRPA1 in the progression of CRC and it may become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fuming Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Jin Yuan Zhuang Road No. 9, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Yigang Chang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhaoya Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Jin Yuan Zhuang Road No. 9, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Yanzhao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Jin Yuan Zhuang Road No. 9, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qingkun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Jin Yuan Zhuang Road No. 9, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Jin Yuan Zhuang Road No. 9, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qiang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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44
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Sammons RM, Ghose R, Tsai KY, Dalby KN. Targeting ERK beyond the boundaries of the kinase active site in melanoma. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1551-1570. [PMID: 31190430 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) constitute a point of convergence for complex signaling events that regulate essential cellular processes, including proliferation and survival. As such, dysregulation of the ERK signaling pathway is prevalent in many cancers. In the case of BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma, ERK inhibition has emerged as a viable clinical approach to abrogate signaling through the ERK pathway, even in cases where MEK and Raf inhibitor treatments fail to induce tumor regression due to resistance mechanisms. Several ERK inhibitors that target the active site of ERK have reached clinical trials, however, many critical ERK interactions occur at other potentially druggable sites on the protein. Here we discuss the role of ERK signaling in cell fate, in driving melanoma, and in resistance mechanisms to current BRAF-V600E melanoma treatments. We explore targeting ERK via a distinct site of protein-protein interaction, known as the D-recruitment site (DRS), as an alternative or supplementary mode of ERK pathway inhibition in BRAF-V600E melanoma. Targeting the DRS with inhibitors in melanoma has the potential to not only disrupt the catalytic apparatus of ERK but also its noncatalytic functions, which have significant impacts on spatiotemporal signaling dynamics and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Sammons
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Lun XK, Szklarczyk D, Gábor A, Dobberstein N, Zanotelli VRT, Saez-Rodriguez J, von Mering C, Bodenmiller B. Analysis of the Human Kinome and Phosphatome by Mass Cytometry Reveals Overexpression-Induced Effects on Cancer-Related Signaling. Mol Cell 2019; 74:1086-1102.e5. [PMID: 31101498 PMCID: PMC6561723 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinase and phosphatase overexpression drives tumorigenesis and drug resistance. We previously developed a mass-cytometry-based single-cell proteomics approach that enables quantitative assessment of overexpression effects on cell signaling. Here, we applied this approach in a human kinome- and phosphatome-wide study to assess how 649 individually overexpressed proteins modulated cancer-related signaling in HEK293T cells in an abundance-dependent manner. Based on these data, we expanded the functional classification of human kinases and phosphatases and showed that the overexpression effects include non-catalytic roles. We detected 208 previously unreported signaling relationships. The signaling dynamics analysis indicated that the overexpression of ERK-specific phosphatases sustains proliferative signaling. This suggests a phosphatase-driven mechanism of cancer progression. Moreover, our analysis revealed a drug-resistant mechanism through which overexpression of tyrosine kinases, including SRC, FES, YES1, and BLK, induced MEK-independent ERK activation in melanoma A375 cells. These proteins could predict drug sensitivity to BRAF-MEK concurrent inhibition in cells carrying BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Lun
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Life Science Zürich Graduate School, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Damian Szklarczyk
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Attila Gábor
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Dobberstein
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vito Riccardo Tomaso Zanotelli
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Systems Biology PhD Program, Life Science Zürich Graduate School, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge, UK; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, BIOQUANT, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian von Mering
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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46
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Hussain S, Singh A, Nazir SU, Tulsyan S, Khan A, Kumar R, Bashir N, Tanwar P, Mehrotra R. Cancer drug resistance: A fleet to conquer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14213-14225. [PMID: 31037763 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that claims millions of lives each year across the world. Despite advancement in technologies and therapeutics for treating the disease, these modes are often found to turn ineffective during the course of treatment. The resistance against drugs in cancer patients stems from multiple factors, which constitute genetic heterogeneity like gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, exosomes, miRNAs, high rate of drug efflux from cells, and so on. This review attempts to collate all such known and reported factors that influence cancer drug resistance and may help researchers with information that might be useful in developing better therapeutics in near future to enable better management of several cancers across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showket Hussain
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sheeraz Un Nazir
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- Department of Lab Oncology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Nasreena Bashir
- College of Applied Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
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Rong X, Tian H, Yang L, Li W. Function-first ligandomics for ocular vascular research and drug target discovery. Exp Eye Res 2019; 182:57-64. [PMID: 30904565 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human eyes may develop different vascular diseases with neovascularization and/or leakage, including wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinopathy of prematurity, corneal neovascularization and intraocular tumors. A breakthrough in therapy is the advent and approval of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. However, anti-VEGF drugs not only have limited efficacy to treat AMD, DME and PDR but also are not approved for other ocular indications. The key to addressing these unmet clinical needs is to develop novel therapies against VEGF-independent angiogenic factors or signaling pathways for alternative or combination therapy. We recently developed the first paradigm of ligandomics for global mapping of cell-wide ligands as well as disease-selective ligands. Therapies targeting disease-selective angiogenic or vascular leakage factors likely have high efficacy, minimal side effects, wide therapeutic windows and relatively low drug attrition rates. A critical challenge is how to distinguish between genuine drug targets and spurious hits identified by high-throughput ligandomics. Here we exploited the unique advantages of the eye and extracellular ligands by combining ligandomics with "function-first" and/or "therapy-first" analyses to efficiently characterize functional activity, disease selectivity, pathogenic role and therapeutic potential of identified ligands. The innovative function- or therapy-first ligandomics will systematically and reliably delineate disease-selective angiogenic or vascular leakage factors and markedly facilitate ocular vascular research and ligand-guided targeted anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Rong
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Kalimutho M, Sinha D, Mittal D, Srihari S, Nanayakkara D, Shafique S, Raninga P, Nag P, Parsons K, Khanna KK. Blockade of PDGFRβ circumvents resistance to MEK-JAK inhibition via intratumoral CD8 + T-cells infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:85. [PMID: 30777101 PMCID: PMC6379987 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing progress in targeted and immune based-directed therapies for other solid organ malignancies, currently there is no targeted therapy available for TNBCs. A number of mechanisms have been reported both in pre-clinical and clinical settings that involve inherent, acquired and adaptive resistance to small molecule inhibitors. Here, we demonstrated a novel resistance mechanism in TNBC cells mediated by PDGFRβ in response to JAK2 inhibition. METHODS Multiple in vitro (subG1, western blotting, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, Immunoprecipitation), in vivo and publically available datasets were used. RESULTS We showed that TNBC cells exposed to MEK1/2-JAK2 inhibitors exhibit resistant colonies in anchorage-independent growth assays. Moreover, cells treated with various small molecule inhibitors including JAK2 promote PDGFRβ upregulation. Using publically available databases, we showed that patients expressing high PDGFRβ or its ligand PDGFB exhibit poor relapse-free survival upon chemotherapeutic treatment. Mechanistically we found that JAK2 expression controls steady state levels of PDGFRβ. Thus, co-blockade of PDGFRβ with JAK2 and MEK1/2 inhibitors completely eradicated resistant colonies in vitro. We found that triple-combined treatment had a significant impact on CD44+/CD24- stem-cell-like cells. Likewise, we found a significant tumor growth inhibition in vivo through intratumoral CD8+ T cells infiltration in a manner that is reversed by anti-CD8 antibody treatment. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of JAK2-mediated PDGFRβ proteolysis and provide an example of a PDGFRβ-mediated resistance mechanism upon specific target inhibition in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Deepak Mittal
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Devathri Nanayakkara
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Shagufta Shafique
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Purba Nag
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Kate Parsons
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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49
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He L, Gao L, Shay C, Lang L, Lv F, Teng Y. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress aggressiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via histone acetylation-independent blockade of the EGFR-Arf1 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:84. [PMID: 30777099 PMCID: PMC6379952 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A promising arsenal of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-targeted treatment has emerged in the past decade, as the abnormal targeting or retention of HDACs to DNA regulatory regions often occurs in many cancers. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide associated with poor overall survival in late-stage patients. HDAC inhibitors have great potential to treat this devastating disease; however, few has been studied regarding the beneficial role of HDAC inhibition in anti-HNSCC therapy and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound closure and Transwell assays. Protein levels and interactions were assessed by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. HDAC activity was measured with the fluorometric HDAC Activity Assay. Phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) profiling was determined by the Proteome Profiler Human Phospho-RTK Array. RESULTS ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), a small GTPase coordinating vesicle-mediated intracellular trafficking, can be inactivated by HDAC inhibitors through histone acetylation-independent degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, high levels of Arf1 activity are maintained by binding to phosphorylated EGFR which is localized on HNSCC cell plasma membrane. Decreased EGFR phosphorylation is associated with reduced EGFR protein levels in the presence of TSA, which inactivates Arf1 and eventually inhibits invasion in HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our insights explore the critical role of EGFR-Arf1 complex in driving HNSCC progression, and demonstrate the selective action of HDAC inhibitors on this specific axis for suppressing HNSCC invasion. This novel finding represents the first example of modulating the EGFR-Arf1 complex in HNSCC by small molecule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei He
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Chloe Shay
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Fenglin Lv
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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50
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Wang Z, Deisboeck TS. Dynamic Targeting in Cancer Treatment. Front Physiol 2019; 10:96. [PMID: 30890944 PMCID: PMC6413712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, design and development of anti-cancer drugs that are specifically targeted to individual or sets of genes or proteins has been an active research area in both academia and industry. The underlying motivation for this approach is to interfere with several pathological crosstalk pathways in order to inhibit or at the very least control the proliferation of cancer cells. However, after initially conferring beneficial effects, if sub-lethal, these artificial perturbations in cell function pathways can inadvertently activate drug-induced up- and down-regulation of feedback loops, resulting in dynamic changes over time in the molecular network structure and potentially causing drug resistance as seen in clinics. Hence, the targets or their combined signatures should also change in accordance with the evolution of the network (reflected by changes to the structure and/or functional output of the network) over the course of treatment. This suggests the need for a "dynamic targeting" strategy aimed at optimizing tumor control by interfering with different molecular targets, at varying stages. Understanding the dynamic changes of this complex network under various perturbed conditions due to drug treatment is extremely challenging under experimental conditions let alone in clinical settings. However, mathematical modeling can facilitate studying these effects at the network level and beyond, and also accelerate comparison of the impact of different dosage regimens and therapeutic modalities prior to sizeable investment in risky and expensive clinical trials. A dynamic targeting strategy based on the use of mathematical modeling can be a new, exciting research avenue in the discovery and development of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas S Deisboeck
- Department of Radiology, Harvard-MIT (HST) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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