1
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Pollex T, Rabinowitz A, Gambetta MC, Marco-Ferreres R, Viales RR, Jankowski A, Schaub C, Furlong EEM. Enhancer-promoter interactions become more instructive in the transition from cell-fate specification to tissue differentiation. Nat Genet 2024; 56:686-696. [PMID: 38467791 PMCID: PMC11018526 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
To regulate expression, enhancers must come in proximity to their target gene. However, the relationship between the timing of enhancer-promoter (E-P) proximity and activity remains unclear, with examples of uncoupled, anticorrelated and correlated interactions. To assess this, we selected 600 characterized enhancers or promoters with tissue-specific activity in Drosophila embryos and performed Capture-C in FACS-purified myogenic or neurogenic cells during specification and tissue differentiation. This enabled direct comparison between E-P proximity and activity transitioning from OFF-to-ON and ON-to-OFF states across developmental conditions. This showed remarkably similar E-P topologies between specified muscle and neuronal cells, which are uncoupled from activity. During tissue differentiation, many new distal interactions emerge where changes in E-P proximity reflect changes in activity. The mode of E-P regulation therefore appears to change as embryogenesis proceeds, from largely permissive topologies during cell-fate specification to more instructive regulation during terminal tissue differentiation, when E-P proximity is coupled to activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pollex
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Directors' Research Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Rabinowitz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Gambetta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Marco-Ferreres
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca R Viales
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Jankowski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph Schaub
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eileen E M Furlong
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Vieira Contreras F, Auger GM, Müller L, Richter V, Huetteroth W, Seufert F, Hildebrand PW, Scholz N, Thum AS, Ljaschenko D, Blanco-Redondo B, Langenhan T. The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor mayo/CG11318 controls midgut development in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113640. [PMID: 38180839 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a large family of cell surface molecules with versatile tasks in organ development. Many aGPCRs still await their functional and pharmacological deorphanization. Here, we characterized the orphan aGPCR CG11318/mayo of Drosophila melanogaster and found it expressed in specific regions of the gastrointestinal canal and anal plates, epithelial specializations that control ion homeostasis. Genetic removal of mayo results in tachycardia, which is caused by hyperkalemia of the larval hemolymph. The hyperkalemic effect can be mimicked by a raise in ambient potassium concentration, while normal potassium levels in mayoKO mutants can be restored by pharmacological inhibition of potassium channels. Intriguingly, hyperkalemia and tachycardia are caused non-cell autonomously through mayo-dependent control of enterocyte proliferation in the larval midgut, which is the primary function of this aGPCR. These findings characterize the ancestral aGPCR Mayo as a homeostatic regulator of gut development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vieira Contreras
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Genevieve M Auger
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Müller
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vincent Richter
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas S Thum
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Ljaschenko
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Blanco-Redondo
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Germany.
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3
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Barwell T, Seroude L. Polyglutamine disease in peripheral tissues. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3303-3311. [PMID: 37642359 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This year is a milestone anniversary of the discovery that Huntington's disease is caused by the presence of expanded polyglutamine repeats in the huntingtin gene leading to the formation of huntingtin aggregates. 30 years have elapsed and there is still no cure and the only FDA-approved treatment to alleviate the debilitating locomotor impairments presents several adverse effects. It has long been neglected that the huntingtin gene is almost ubiquitously expressed in many tissues outside of the nervous system. Growing evidence indicates that these peripheral tissues can contribute to the symptoms of the disease. New findings in Drosophila have shown that the selective expression of mutant huntingtin in muscle or fat is sufficient to cause detrimental effects in the absence of any neurodegeneration. In addition, it was discovered that a completely different tissue distribution of Htt aggregates in Drosophila muscles is responsible for a drastic aggravation of the detrimental effects. This review examines the peripheral tissues that express huntingtin with an added focus on the nature and distribution of the aggregates, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Barwell
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Seroude
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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4
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Varland S, Silva RD, Kjosås I, Faustino A, Bogaert A, Billmann M, Boukhatmi H, Kellen B, Costanzo M, Drazic A, Osberg C, Chan K, Zhang X, Tong AHY, Andreazza S, Lee JJ, Nedyalkova L, Ušaj M, Whitworth AJ, Andrews BJ, Moffat J, Myers CL, Gevaert K, Boone C, Martinho RG, Arnesen T. N-terminal acetylation shields proteins from degradation and promotes age-dependent motility and longevity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6774. [PMID: 37891180 PMCID: PMC10611716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic proteins are N-terminally acetylated, but the functional impact on a global scale has remained obscure. Using genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in human cells, we reveal a strong genetic dependency between a major N-terminal acetyltransferase and specific ubiquitin ligases. Biochemical analyses uncover that both the ubiquitin ligase complex UBR4-KCMF1 and the acetyltransferase NatC recognize proteins bearing an unacetylated N-terminal methionine followed by a hydrophobic residue. NatC KO-induced protein degradation and phenotypes are reversed by UBR knockdown, demonstrating the central cellular role of this interplay. We reveal that loss of Drosophila NatC is associated with male sterility, reduced longevity, and age-dependent loss of motility due to developmental muscle defects. Remarkably, muscle-specific overexpression of UbcE2M, one of the proteins targeted for NatC KO-mediated degradation, suppresses defects of NatC deletion. In conclusion, NatC-mediated N-terminal acetylation acts as a protective mechanism against protein degradation, which is relevant for increased longevity and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Varland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006, Bergen, Norway.
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Rui Duarte Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ine Kjosås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Faustino
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Annelies Bogaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maximilian Billmann
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hadi Boukhatmi
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6290, 35065, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Kellen
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Michael Costanzo
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Adrian Drazic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Osberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine Chan
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Amy Hin Yan Tong
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Simonetta Andreazza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Juliette J Lee
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lyudmila Nedyalkova
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Matej Ušaj
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Brenda J Andrews
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1×8, Canada
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Boone
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan
| | - Rui Gonçalo Martinho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Departmento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Thomas Arnesen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Poliacikova G, Barthez M, Rival T, Aouane A, Luis NM, Richard F, Daian F, Brouilly N, Schnorrer F, Maurel-Zaffran C, Graba Y, Saurin AJ. M1BP is an essential transcriptional activator of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3187. [PMID: 37268614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is the predominant energy source for aerobic muscle contraction in adult animals. How the cellular and molecular components that support aerobic muscle physiology are put in place during development through their transcriptional regulation is not well understood. Using the Drosophila flight muscle model, we show that the formation of mitochondria cristae harbouring the respiratory chain is concomitant with a large-scale transcriptional upregulation of genes linked with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during specific stages of flight muscle development. We further demonstrate using high-resolution imaging, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses that Motif-1-binding protein (M1BP) transcriptionally regulates the expression of genes encoding critical components for OXPHOS complex assembly and integrity. In the absence of M1BP function, the quantity of assembled mitochondrial respiratory complexes is reduced and OXPHOS proteins aggregate in the mitochondrial matrix, triggering a strong protein quality control response. This results in isolation of the aggregate from the rest of the matrix by multiple layers of the inner mitochondrial membrane, representing a previously undocumented mitochondrial stress response mechanism. Together, this study provides mechanistic insight into the transcriptional regulation of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development and identifies M1BP as a critical player in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poliacikova
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marine Barthez
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Aïcha Aouane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Richard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Corinne Maurel-Zaffran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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6
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Vishal K, Barajas Alonso E, DeAguero AA, Waters JA, Chechenova MB, Cripps RM. Phosphorylation of the Myogenic Factor Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 Impacts Myogenesis In Vivo. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:241-253. [PMID: 37184381 PMCID: PMC10251773 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2198167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of the myogenic regulatory protein myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) is modulated by post-translational modification. We investigated the in vivo phosphorylation of Drosophila MEF2, and identified serine 98 (S98) as a phosphorylated residue. Phospho-mimetic (S98E) and phospho-null (S98A) isoforms of MEF2 did not differ from wild-type in their activity in vitro, so we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate an S98A allele of the endogenous gene. In mutant larvae we observed phenotypes characteristic of reduced MEF2 function, including reduced body wall muscle size and reduced expression of myofibrillar protein genes; conversely,S98A homozygotes showed enhanced MEF2 function through muscle differentiation within the adult myoblasts associated with the wing imaginal disc. In adults, S98A homozygotes were viable with normal mobility, yet showed patterning defects in muscles that were enhanced when the S98A allele was combined with a Mef2 null allele. Overall our data indicate that blocking MEF2 S98 phosphorylation in myoblasts enhances its myogenic capability, whereas blocking S98 phosphorylation in differentiating muscles attenuates MEF2 function. Our studies are among the first to assess the functional significance of MEF2 phosphorylation sites in the intact animal, and suggest that the same modification can have profoundly different effects upon MEF2 function depending upon the developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vishal
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Ashley A. DeAguero
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Waters
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maria B. Chechenova
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard M. Cripps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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7
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Huynh K, Smith BR, Macdonald SJ, Long AD. Genetic variation in chromatin state across multiple tissues in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010439. [PMID: 37146087 PMCID: PMC10191298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We use ATAC-seq to examine chromatin accessibility for four different tissues in Drosophila melanogaster: adult female brain, ovaries, and both wing and eye-antennal imaginal discs from males. Each tissue is assayed in eight different inbred strain genetic backgrounds, seven associated with a reference quality genome assembly. We develop a method for the quantile normalization of ATAC-seq fragments and test for differences in coverage among genotypes, tissues, and their interaction at 44099 peaks throughout the euchromatic genome. For the strains with reference quality genome assemblies, we correct ATAC-seq profiles for read mis-mapping due to nearby polymorphic structural variants (SVs). Comparing coverage among genotypes without accounting for SVs results in a highly elevated rate (55%) of identifying false positive differences in chromatin state between genotypes. After SV correction, we identify 1050, 30383, and 4508 regions whose peak heights are polymorphic among genotypes, among tissues, or exhibit genotype-by-tissue interactions, respectively. Finally, we identify 3988 candidate causative variants that explain at least 80% of the variance in chromatin state at nearby ATAC-seq peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoi Huynh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Brittny R. Smith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stuart J. Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
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8
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Bomkamp C, Musgrove L, Marques DMC, Fernando GF, Ferreira FC, Specht EA. Differentiation and Maturation of Muscle and Fat Cells in Cultivated Seafood: Lessons from Developmental Biology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:1-29. [PMID: 36374393 PMCID: PMC9931865 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat, also known as cultured or cell-based meat, is meat produced directly from cultured animal cells rather than from a whole animal. Cultivated meat and seafood have been proposed as a means of mitigating the substantial harms associated with current production methods, including damage to the environment, antibiotic resistance, food security challenges, poor animal welfare, and-in the case of seafood-overfishing and ecological damage associated with fishing and aquaculture. Because biomedical tissue engineering research, from which cultivated meat draws a great deal of inspiration, has thus far been conducted almost exclusively in mammals, cultivated seafood suffers from a lack of established protocols for producing complex tissues in vitro. At the same time, fish such as the zebrafish Danio rerio have been widely used as model organisms in developmental biology. Therefore, many of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of muscle, fat, and other relevant tissue are relatively well understood for this species. The same processes are understood to a lesser degree in aquatic invertebrates. This review discusses the differentiation and maturation of meat-relevant cell types in aquatic species and makes recommendations for future research aimed at recapitulating these processes to produce cultivated fish and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Lisa Musgrove
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland Australia
| | - Diana M. C. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo F. Fernando
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth A. Specht
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
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9
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Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy: Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223528. [PMID: 36428957 PMCID: PMC9688544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle ClC-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored ClC-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered ClC-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of ClC-a inhibition in statin-associated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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10
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Bu L, Cripps RM. Promoter architecture of Drosophila genes regulated by Myocyte enhancer factor-2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271554. [PMID: 35862472 PMCID: PMC9302807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain understanding into the mechanisms of transcriptional activation of muscle genes, we sought to determine if genes targeted by the myogenic transcription factor Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) were enriched for specific core promoter elements. We identified 330 known MEF2 target promoters in Drosophila, and analyzed them for for the presence and location of 17 known consensus promoter sequences. As a control, we also searched all Drosophila RNA polymerase II-dependent promoters for the same sequences. We found that promoter motifs were readily detected in the MEF2 target dataset, and that many of them were slightly enriched in frequency compared to the control dataset. A prominent sequence over-represented in the MEF2 target genes was NDM2, that appeared in over 50% of MEF2 target genes and was 2.5-fold over-represented in MEF2 targets compared to background. To test the functional significance of NDM2, we identified two promoters containing a single copy of NDM2 plus an upstream MEF2 site, and tested the activity of these promoters in vivo. Both the sticks and stones and Kahuli fragments showed strong skeletal myoblast-specific expression of a lacZ reporter in embryos. However, the timing and level of reporter expression was unaffected when the NDM2 site in either element was mutated. These studies identify variations in promoter architecture for a set of regulated genes compared to all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes, and underline the potential redundancy in the activities of some core promoter elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Bu
- Department of Biology and Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Cripps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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11
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Wang M, Hu Q, Lv T, Wang Y, Lan Q, Xiang R, Tu Z, Wei Y, Han K, Shi C, Guo J, Liu C, Yang T, Du W, An Y, Cheng M, Xu J, Lu H, Li W, Zhang S, Chen A, Chen W, Li Y, Wang X, Xu X, Hu Y, Liu L. High-resolution 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of developing Drosophila embryos and larvae. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1271-1283.e4. [PMID: 35512700 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila has long been a successful model organism in multiple biomedical fields. Spatial gene expression patterns are critical for the understanding of complex pathways and interactions, whereas temporal gene expression changes are vital for studying highly dynamic physiological activities. Systematic studies in Drosophila are still impeded by the lack of spatiotemporal transcriptomic information. Here, utilizing spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq), we dissected the spatiotemporal transcriptomic changes of developing Drosophila with high resolution and sensitivity. We demonstrated that Stereo-seq data can be used for the 3D reconstruction of the spatial transcriptomes of Drosophila embryos and larvae. With these 3D models, we identified functional subregions in embryonic and larval midguts, uncovered spatial cell state dynamics of larval testis, and revealed known and potential regulons of transcription factors within their topographic background. Our data provide the Drosophila research community with useful resources of organism-wide spatiotemporally resolved transcriptomic information across developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Tianhang Lv
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Lan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Zhencheng Tu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanrong Wei
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kai Han
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Chang Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Junfu Guo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Tao Yang
- China National Gene Bank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wensi Du
- China National Gene Bank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yanru An
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- China National Gene Bank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wangsheng Li
- China National Gene Bank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shaofang Zhang
- China National Gene Bank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China.
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12
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Fu X, Li S, Jia M, Xu B, Yang L, Ma R, Cheng H, Yang W, Hu P. Myogenesis controlled by a long non-coding RNA 1700113A16RIK and post-transcriptional regulation. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 35366685 PMCID: PMC8977255 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc) RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes. The function of the vast majority of lncRNAs remains unknown. Here we identified that lncRNA-1700113A16RIK existed in skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and was significantly elevated during MuSC differentiation. Knockdown of 1700113A16RIK inhibits the differentiation of muscle stem cells. In contrast, overexpression of 1700113A16RIK promotes the differentiation of muscle stem cells. Further study shows the muscle specific transcription factor Myogenin (MyoG) positively regulates the expression of 1700113A16RIK by binding to the promoter region of 1700113A16RIK. Mechanistically, 1700113A16RIK may regulate the expression of myogenic genes by directly binding to 3'UTR of an important myogenic transcription factor MEF2D, which in turn promotes the translation of MEF2D. Taken together, our results defined 1700113A16RIK as a positive regulator of MuSC differentiation and elucidated a mechanism as to how 1700113A16RIK regulated MuSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Minzhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruimiao Ma
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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13
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Secchia S, Forneris M, Heinen T, Stegle O, Furlong EEM. Simultaneous cellular and molecular phenotyping of embryonic mutants using single-cell regulatory trajectories. Dev Cell 2022; 57:496-511.e8. [PMID: 35176234 PMCID: PMC8893321 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Developmental progression and cellular diversity are largely driven by transcription factors (TFs); yet, characterizing their loss-of-function phenotypes remains challenging and often disconnected from their underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we combine single-cell regulatory genomics with loss-of-function mutants to jointly assess both cellular and molecular phenotypes. Performing sci-ATAC-seq at eight overlapping time points during Drosophila mesoderm development could reconstruct the developmental trajectories of all major muscle types and reveal the TFs and enhancers involved. To systematically assess mutant phenotypes, we developed a single-nucleus genotyping strategy to process embryo pools of mixed genotypes. Applying this to four TF mutants could identify and quantify their characterized phenotypes de novo and discover new ones, while simultaneously revealing their regulatory input and mode of action. Our approach is a general framework to dissect the functional input of TFs in a systematic, unbiased manner, identifying both cellular and molecular phenotypes at a scale and resolution that has not been feasible before. scATAC time course constructs regulatory trajectories of Drosophila muscle lineages Combining a wild-type trajectory with mutants identifies and quantifies phenotypes de novo Digital nuclear genotyping enables the processing of pooled embryos of mixed genotypes This framework simultaneously uncovers cellular and molecular phenotypes in embryos
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Secchia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Mattia Forneris
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Heinen
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Eileen E M Furlong
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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14
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Junion G, Jagla K. Diversification of muscle types in Drosophila embryos. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112950. [PMID: 34838813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila embryonic somatic muscles represent a simple and tractable model system to study the gene regulatory networks that control diversification of cell types. Somatic myogenesis in Drosophila is initiated by intrinsic action of the mesodermal master gene twist, which activates a cascade of transcriptional outputs including myogenic differentiation factor Mef2, which triggers all aspects of the myogenic differentiation program. In parallel, the expression of a combinatorial code of identity transcription factors (iTFs) defines discrete particular features of each muscle fiber, such as number of fusion events, and specific attachment to tendon cells or innervation, thus ensuring diversification of muscle types. Here, we take the example of a subset of lateral transverse (LT) muscles and discuss how the iTF code and downstream effector genes progressively define individual LT properties such as fusion program, attachment and innervation. We discuss new challenges in the field including the contribution of posttranscriptional and epitranscriptomic regulation of gene expression in the diversification of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Junion
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (iGReD), CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute (iGReD), CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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15
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Sosa P, Alcalde-Estévez E, Asenjo-Bueno A, Plaza P, Carrillo-López N, Olmos G, López-Ongil S, Ruiz-Torres MP. Aging-related hyperphosphatemia impairs myogenic differentiation and enhances fibrosis in skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1266-1279. [PMID: 34337906 PMCID: PMC8517361 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia has been related to the development of sarcopenia in aging mice. We describe the intracellular mechanisms involved in the impairment of the myogenic differentiation promoted by hyperphosphatemia and analyse these mechanisms in the muscle from older mice. METHODS C2 C12 cells were grown in 2% horse serum in order to promote myogenic differentiation, in the presence or absence of 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) for 7 days. Troponin T, paired box 7 (Pax-7), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2C), P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), fibronectin, vimentin, and collagen I were analysed at 48, 72, and 168 h, by western blotting or by immunofluorescence staining visualized by confocal microscopy. Studies in mice were performed in 5- and 24-month-old C57BL6 mice. Three months before sacrifice, 21-month-old mice were fed with a standard diet or a low phosphate diet, containing 0.6% or 0.2% phosphate, respectively. Serum phosphate concentration was assessed by a colorimetric method and forelimb strength by a grip test. Fibrosis was observed in the tibialis anterior muscle by Sirius Red staining. In gastrocnemius muscle, MyoG, MEF2C, and fibronectin expressions were analysed by western blotting. RESULTS Cells differentiated in the presence of BGP showed near five times less expression of troponin T and kept higher levels of Pax-7 than control cells indicating a reduced myogenic differentiation. BGP reduced Myf5 about 50% and diminished MyoD transcriptional activity by increasing the expression of HDAC1 and reducing the expression of PCAF. Consequently, BGP reduced to 50% the expression of MyoG and MEF2C. A significant increase in the expression of fibrosis markers as collagen I, vimentin, and fibronectin was found in cells treated with BGP. In mice, serum phosphate (17.24 ± 0.77 mg/dL young; 23.23 ± 0.81 mg/dL old; 19.09 ± 0.75 mg/dL old with low phosphate diet) correlates negatively (r = -0.515, P = 0.001) with the muscular strength (3.13 ± 0.07 gf/g young; 1.70 ± 0.12 gf/g old; 2.10 ± 0.09 gf/g old with low phosphate diet) and with the expression of MyoG (r = -0.535, P = 0.007) and positively with the expression of fibronectin (r = 0.503, P = 0.001) in gastrocnemius muscle. The tibialis anterior muscle from old mice showed muscular fibrosis. Older mice fed with a low phosphate diet showed improved muscular parameters relative to control mice of similar age. CONCLUSIONS Hyperphosphatemia impairs myogenic differentiation, by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of MyoD, and enhances the expression of fibrotic genes in cultured myoblasts. Experiments carried out in older mice demonstrate a close relationship between age-related hyperphosphatemia and the decrease in the expression of myogenic factors and the increase in factors related to muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sosa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Asenjo-Bueno
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Olmos
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ongil
- Unidad de Investigación de la Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica (IRSIN) de la Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain.,Area 3-Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Shewale B, Dubois N. Of form and function: Early cardiac morphogenesis across classical and emerging model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:107-118. [PMID: 33994301 PMCID: PMC8434962 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the earliest organ to develop during embryogenesis and is remarkable in its ability to function efficiently as it is being sculpted. Cardiac heart defects account for a high burden of childhood developmental disorders with many remaining poorly understood mechanistically. Decades of work across a multitude of model organisms has informed our understanding of early cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis and has simultaneously opened new and unanswered questions. Here we have synthesized current knowledge in the field and reviewed recent developments in the realm of imaging, bioengineering and genetic technology and ex vivo cardiac modeling that may be deployed to generate more holistic models of early cardiac morphogenesis, and by extension, new platforms to study congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Shewale
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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17
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Kögler AC, Kherdjemil Y, Bender K, Rabinowitz A, Marco-Ferreres R, Furlong EEM. Extremely rapid and reversible optogenetic perturbation of nuclear proteins in living embryos. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2348-2363.e8. [PMID: 34363757 PMCID: PMC8387026 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental regulators have complex and context-specific roles in different tissues and stages, making the dissection of their function extremely challenging. As regulatory processes often occur within minutes, perturbation methods that match these dynamics are needed. Here, we present the improved light-inducible nuclear export system (iLEXY), an optogenetic loss-of-function approach that triggers translocation of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. By introducing a series of mutations, we substantially increased LEXY's efficiency and generated variants with different recovery times. iLEXY enables rapid (t1/2 < 30 s), efficient, and reversible nuclear protein depletion in embryos, and is generalizable to proteins of diverse sizes and functions. Applying iLEXY to the Drosophila master regulator Twist, we phenocopy loss-of-function mutants, precisely map the Twist-sensitive embryonic stages, and investigate the effects of timed Twist depletions. Our results demonstrate the power of iLEXY to dissect the function of pleiotropic factors during embryogenesis with unprecedented temporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Kögler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Yacine Kherdjemil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Katharina Bender
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Adam Rabinowitz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Raquel Marco-Ferreres
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Eileen E M Furlong
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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18
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Yadav V, Tolwinski N, Saunders TE. Spatiotemporal sensitivity of mesoderm specification to FGFR signalling in the Drosophila embryo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14091. [PMID: 34238963 PMCID: PMC8266908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the Drosophila embryonic mesoderm is controlled through both internal and external inputs to the mesoderm. One such factor is Heartless (Htl), a Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) expressed in the mesoderm. Although Htl has been extensively studied, the dynamics of its action are poorly understood after the initial phases of mesoderm formation and spreading. To begin to address this challenge, we have developed an optogenetic version of the FGFR Heartless in Drosophila (Opto-htl). Opto-htl enables us to activate the FGFR pathway in selective spatial (~ 35 μm section from one of the lateral sides of the embryo) and temporal domains (ranging from 40 min to 14 h) during embryogenesis. Importantly, the effects can be tuned by the intensity of light-activation, making this approach significantly more flexible than other genetic approaches. We performed controlled perturbations to the FGFR pathway to define the contribution of Htl signalling to the formation of the developing embryonic heart and somatic muscles. We find a direct correlation between Htl signalling dosage and number of Tinman-positive heart cells specified. Opto-htl activation favours the specification of Tinman positive cardioblasts and eliminates Eve-positive DA1 muscles. This effect is seen to increase progressively with increasing light intensity. Therefore, fine tuning of phenotypic responses to varied Htl signalling dosage can be achieved more conveniently than with other genetic approaches. Overall, Opto-htl is a powerful new tool for dissecting the role of FGFR signalling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Yadav
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N. Tolwinski
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yale-NUS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T. E. Saunders
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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19
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Domsch K, Schröder J, Janeschik M, Schaub C, Lohmann I. The Hox Transcription Factor Ubx Ensures Somatic Myogenesis by Suppressing the Mesodermal Master Regulator Twist. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108577. [PMID: 33406430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early lineage-specific master regulators are essential for the specification of cell types. However, once cells are committed to a specific fate, it is critical to restrict the activity of such factors to enable differentiation. To date, it remains unclear how these factors are silenced. Using the Drosophila mesoderm as a model and a comparative genomic approach, we identify the Hox transcription factor Ultrabithorax (Ubx) to be critical for the repression of the master regulator Twist. Mesoderm-specific Ubx loss-of-function experiments using CRISPR-Cas9 and overexpression studies demonstrate that Ubx majorly impacts twist transcription. A mechanistic analysis reveals that Ubx requires the NK-homeodomain protein Tinman to bind to the twist promoter. Furthermore, we find these factor interactions to be critical for silencing by recruiting the Polycomb DNA binding protein Pleiohomeotic. Altogether, our data reveal that Ubx is a critical player in mediating the silencing of Twist, which is crucial for coordinated muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Domsch
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Schröder
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Janeschik
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaub
- Erlangen-Nürnberg University, Developmental Biology, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Lohmann
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Panta M, Kump AJ, Dalloul JM, Schwab KR, Ahmad SM. Three distinct mechanisms, Notch instructive, permissive, and independent, regulate the expression of two different pericardial genes to specify cardiac cell subtypes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241191. [PMID: 33108408 PMCID: PMC7591092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a complex organ involves the specification and differentiation of diverse cell types constituting that organ. Two major cell subtypes, contractile cardial cells (CCs) and nephrocytic pericardial cells (PCs), comprise the Drosophila heart. Binding sites for Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)], an integral transcription factor in the Notch signaling pathway, are enriched in the enhancers of PC-specific genes. Here we show three distinct mechanisms regulating the expression of two different PC-specific genes, Holes in muscle (Him), and Zn finger homeodomain 1 (zfh1). Him transcription is activated in PCs in a permissive manner by Notch signaling: in the absence of Notch signaling, Su(H) forms a repressor complex with co-repressors and binds to the Him enhancer, repressing its transcription; upon alleviation of this repression by Notch signaling, Him transcription is activated. In contrast, zfh1 is transcribed by a Notch-instructive mechanism in most PCs, where mere alleviation of repression by preventing the binding of Su(H)-co-repressor complex is not sufficient to activate transcription. Our results suggest that upon activation of Notch signaling, the Notch intracellular domain associates with Su(H) to form an activator complex that binds to the zfh1 enhancer, and that this activator complex is necessary for bringing about zfh1 transcription in these PCs. Finally, a third, Notch-independent mechanism activates zfh1 transcription in the remaining, even skipped-expressing, PCs. Collectively, our data show how the same feature, enrichment of Su(H) binding sites in PC-specific gene enhancers, is utilized by two very distinct mechanisms, one permissive, the other instructive, to contribute to the same overall goal: the specification and differentiation of a cardiac cell subtype by activation of the pericardial gene program. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the zfh1 enhancer drives expression in two different domains using distinct Notch-instructive and Notch-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Panta
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Kump
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John M. Dalloul
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
- Terre Haute South Vigo High School, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kristopher R. Schwab
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shaad M. Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
- The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, United States of America
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21
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Muscle development : a view from adult myogenesis in Drosophila. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Disabled-2: a positive regulator of the early differentiation of myoblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:493-508. [PMID: 32607799 PMCID: PMC7431403 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dab2 is an adaptor protein and a tumor suppressor. Our previous study has found that Dab2 was expressed in early differentiating skeletal muscles in mouse embryos. In this study, we determined the role of Dab2 in the skeletal muscle differentiation using C2C12 myoblasts in vitro and Xenopus laevis embryos in vivo. The expression of Dab2 was increased in C2C12 myoblasts during the formation of myotubes in vitro. Knockdown of Dab2 expression in C2C12 myoblasts resulted in a reduction of myotube formation, whereas the myotube formation was enhanced upon overexpression of Dab2. Re-expression of Dab2 in C2C12 myoblasts with downregulated expression of Dab2 restored their capacity to form myotubes. Microarray profiling and subsequent network analyses on the 155 differentially expressed genes after Dab2 knockdown showed that Mef2c was an important myogenic transcription factor regulated by Dab2 through the p38 MAPK pathway. It was also involved in other pathways that are associated with muscular development and functions. In Xenopus embryos developed in vivo, XDab2 was expressed in the myotome of somites where various myogenic markers were also expressed. Knockdown of XDab2 expression with antisense morpholinos downregulated the expression of myogenic markers in somites. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide solid evidence to show that Dab2 is a positive regulator of the early myoblast differentiation.
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Poovathumkadavil P, Jagla K. Genetic Control of Muscle Diversification and Homeostasis: Insights from Drosophila. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061543. [PMID: 32630420 PMCID: PMC7349286 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the larval somatic muscles or the adult thoracic flight and leg muscles are the major voluntary locomotory organs. They share several developmental and structural similarities with vertebrate skeletal muscles. To ensure appropriate activity levels for their functions such as hatching in the embryo, crawling in the larva, and jumping and flying in adult flies all muscle components need to be maintained in a functionally stable or homeostatic state despite constant strain. This requires that the muscles develop in a coordinated manner with appropriate connections to other cell types they communicate with. Various signaling pathways as well as extrinsic and intrinsic factors are known to play a role during Drosophila muscle development, diversification, and homeostasis. In this review, we discuss genetic control mechanisms of muscle contraction, development, and homeostasis with particular emphasis on the contractile unit of the muscle, the sarcomere.
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Strah N, Romano G, Introna C, Klima R, Marzullo M, Ciapponi L, Megighian A, Nizzardo M, Feiguin F. TDP-43 promotes the formation of neuromuscular synapses through the regulation of Disc-large expression in Drosophila skeletal muscles. BMC Biol 2020; 18:34. [PMID: 32216790 PMCID: PMC7099817 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ribonuclear protein TDP-43 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with genetic mutations being linked to the neurological symptoms of the disease. Though alterations in the intracellular distribution of TDP-43 have been observed in skeletal muscles of patients suffering from ALS, it is not clear whether such modifications play an active role in the disease or merely represent an expression of muscle homeostatic mechanisms. Also, the molecular and metabolic pathways regulated by TDP-43 in the skeletal muscle remain largely unknown. Here, we analyze the function of TBPH, the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of TDP-43, in skeletal muscles. Results We modulated the activity of TDP-43 in Drosophila muscles by means of RNA interference and observed that it is required to promote the formation and growth of neuromuscular synapses. TDP-43 regulated the expression levels of Disc-large (Dlg), and restoring Dlg expression either in skeletal muscles or in motoneurons was sufficient to suppress the locomotive and synaptic defects of TDP-43-null flies. These results were validated by the observation of a decrease in Dlg levels in human neuroblastoma cells and iPSC-differentiated motoneurons derived from ALS patients, suggesting similar mechanisms may potentially be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Conclusions Our results help to unveil the physiological role of TDP-43 in skeletal muscles as well as the mechanisms responsible for the autonomous and non-autonomous behavior of this protein concerning the organization of neuromuscular synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Strah
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Romano
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Clelia Introna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaella Klima
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta Marzullo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ciapponi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 3, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DePT), Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabian Feiguin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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25
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Ouyang H, Yu J, Chen X, Wang Z, Nie Q. A novel transcript of MEF2D promotes myoblast differentiation and its variations associated with growth traits in chicken. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8351. [PMID: 32117604 PMCID: PMC7006513 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of skeletal muscle is closely related to broiler production traits. The myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor (MEF) 2D gene (MEF2D) and its variant transcripts play important parts in myogenesis. Methods To identify the transcript variants of chicken MEF2D gene and their function, this study cloned chicken MEF2D gene and identified its transcript variants from different tissue samples. The expression levels of different transcripts of MEF2D gene in different tissues and different periods were measured, and their effects on myoblast proliferation and differentiation were investigated. Variations in MEF2D were identified and association analysis with chicken production traits carried out. Results Four novel transcript variants of MEF2D were obtained, all of which contained highly conserved sequences, including MADS-Box and MEF2-Domain functional regions. Transcript MEF2D-V4 was expressed specifically in muscle, and its expression was increased during embryonic muscle development. The MEF2D-V4 could promote differentiation of chicken myoblasts and its expression was regulated by RBFOX2. The single nucleotide polymorphism g.36186C > T generated a TAG stop codon, caused MEF2D-V4 to terminate translation early, and was associated with several growth traits, especially on early body weight. Conclusion We cloned the muscle-specific transcript of MEF2D and preliminarily revealed its role in embryonic muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Ouyang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pereira AHM, Cardoso AC, Consonni SR, Oliveira RR, Saito A, Vaggione MLB, Matos-Souza JR, Carazzolle MF, Gonçalves A, Fernandes JL, Ribeiro GCA, Lopes MM, Molkentin JD, Franchini KG. MEF2C repressor variant deregulation leads to cell cycle re-entry and development of heart failure. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102571. [PMID: 31911274 PMCID: PMC6948164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A pathophysiological link exists between dysregulation of MEF2C transcription factors and heart failure (HF), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Alternative splicing of MEF2C exons α, β and γ provides transcript diversity with gene activation or repression functionalities. Methods Neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes were used to overexpress MEF2C splicing variants γ+ (repressor) or γ-, or the inactive MEF2Cγ+23/24 (K23T/R24L). Phenotypic alterations in cardiomyocytes were determined by confocal and electron microscopy, flow cytometry and DNA microarray. We used transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of MEF2Cγ+ or MEF2Cγ− to explore the impact of MEF2C variants in cardiac phenotype. Samples of non-infarcted areas of the left ventricle from patients and mouse model of myocardial infarction were used to detect the expression of MEF2Cγ+ in failing hearts. Findings We demonstrate a previously unrealized upregulation of the transrepressor MEF2Cγ+ isoform in human and mouse failing hearts. We show that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of MEF2Cγ+ downregulates multiple MEF2-target genes, and drives incomplete cell-cycle reentry, partial dedifferentiation and apoptosis in the neonatal and adult rat. None of these changes was observed in cardiomyocytes overexpressing MEF2Cγ-. Transgenic mice overexpressing MEF2Cγ+, but not the MEF2Cγ-, developed dilated cardiomyopathy, correlated to cell-cycle reentry and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Interpretation Our results provide a mechanistic link between MEF2Cγ+ and deleterious abnormalities in cardiomyocytes, supporting the notion that splicing dysregulation in MEF2C towards the selection of the MEF2Cγ+ variant contributes to the pathogenesis of HF by promoting cardiomyocyte dropout. Funding São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Helena M Pereira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson C Cardoso
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio R Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata R Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Saito
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa B Vaggione
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose R Matos-Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Gonçalves
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Kleber G Franchini
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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27
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Geisbrecht ER, Baylies MK. In memoriam: Susan Abmayr (1956–2019) – “What do we do? Whatever it takes!”. Skelet Muscle 2019. [PMCID: PMC6882191 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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28
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Wu W, Kuo T, Kao C, Girardot C, Hung S, Liu T, Furlong EEM, Liu Y. Expanding the mesodermal transcriptional network by genome‐wide identification of Zinc finger homeodomain 1 (Zfh1) targets. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1698-1710. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Hang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Tai‐Hong Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Wei Kao
- Department of Life Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Charles Girardot
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sheng‐Jou Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Tsunglin Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Eileen E. M. Furlong
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ya‐Hsin Liu
- Department of Life Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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Domsch K, Carnesecchi J, Disela V, Friedrich J, Trost N, Ermakova O, Polychronidou M, Lohmann I. The Hox transcription factor Ubx stabilizes lineage commitment by suppressing cellular plasticity in Drosophila. eLife 2019; 8:42675. [PMID: 31050646 PMCID: PMC6513553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During development cells become restricted in their differentiation potential by repressing alternative cell fates, and the Polycomb complex plays a crucial role in this process. However, how alternative fate genes are lineage-specifically silenced is unclear. We studied Ultrabithorax (Ubx), a multi-lineage transcription factor of the Hox class, in two tissue lineages using sorted nuclei and interfered with Ubx in mesodermal cells. We find that depletion of Ubx leads to the de-repression of genes normally expressed in other lineages. Ubx silences expression of alternative fate genes by retaining the Polycomb Group protein Pleiohomeotic at Ubx targeted genomic regions, thereby stabilizing repressive chromatin marks in a lineage-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that Ubx stabilizes lineage choice by suppressing the multipotency encoded in the genome via its interaction with Pho. This mechanism may explain why the Hox code is maintained throughout the lifecycle, since it could set a block to transdifferentiation in adult cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Domsch
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Disela
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Friedrich
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Trost
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Ermakova
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Lohmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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RNAi Screen in Tribolium Reveals Involvement of F-BAR Proteins in Myoblast Fusion and Visceral Muscle Morphogenesis in Insects. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:1141-1151. [PMID: 30733382 PMCID: PMC6469413 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In a large-scale RNAi screen in Tribolium castaneum for genes with knock-down phenotypes in the larval somatic musculature, one recurring phenotype was the appearance of larval muscle fibers that were significantly thinner than those in control animals. Several of the genes producing this knock-down phenotype corresponded to orthologs of Drosophila genes that are known to participate in myoblast fusion, particularly via their effects on actin polymerization. A new gene previously not implicated in myoblast fusion but displaying a similar thin-muscle knock-down phenotype was the Tribolium ortholog of Nostrin, which encodes an F-BAR and SH3 domain protein. Our genetic studies of Nostrin and Cip4, a gene encoding a structurally related protein, in Drosophila show that the encoded F-BAR proteins jointly contribute to efficient myoblast fusion during larval muscle development. Together with the F-Bar protein Syndapin they are also required for normal embryonic midgut morphogenesis. In addition, Cip4 is required together with Nostrin during the profound remodeling of the midgut visceral musculature during metamorphosis. We propose that these F-Bar proteins help govern proper morphogenesis particularly of the longitudinal midgut muscles during metamorphosis.
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31
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A Large Scale Systemic RNAi Screen in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum Identifies Novel Genes Involved in Insect Muscle Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:1009-1026. [PMID: 30733381 PMCID: PMC6469426 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although muscle development has been widely studied in Drosophila melanogaster there are still many gaps in our knowledge, and it is not known to which extent this knowledge can be transferred to other insects. To help in closing these gaps we participated in a large-scale RNAi screen that used the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a screening platform. The effects of systemic RNAi were screened upon double-stranded RNA injections into appropriate muscle-EGFP tester strains. Injections into pupae were followed by the analysis of the late embryonic/early larval muscle patterns, and injections into larvae by the analysis of the adult thoracic muscle patterns. Herein we describe the results of the first-pass screens with pupal and larval injections, which covered ∼8,500 and ∼5,000 genes, respectively, of a total of ∼16,500 genes of the Tribolium genome. Apart from many genes known from Drosophila as regulators of muscle development, a collection of genes previously unconnected to muscle development yielded phenotypes in larval body wall and leg muscles as well as in indirect flight muscles. We then present the main candidates from the pupal injection screen that remained after being processed through a series of verification and selection steps. Further, we discuss why distinct though overlapping sets of genes are revealed by the Drosophila and Tribolium screening approaches.
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32
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Crittenden JR, Skoulakis EMC, Goldstein ES, Davis RL. Drosophila mef2 is essential for normal mushroom body and wing development. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.035618. [PMID: 30115617 PMCID: PMC6176937 DOI: 10.1242/bio.035618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) transcription factors are found in the brain and muscle of insects and vertebrates and are essential for the differentiation of multiple cell types. We show that in the fruit fly Drosophila, MEF2 is essential for the formation of mushroom bodies in the embryonic brain and for the normal development of wings in the adult. In embryos mutant for mef2, there is a striking reduction in the number of mushroom body neurons and their axon bundles are not detectable. The onset of MEF2 expression in neurons of the mushroom bodies coincides with their formation in the embryo and, in larvae, expression is restricted to post-mitotic neurons. In flies with a mef2 point mutation that disrupts nuclear localization, we find that MEF2 is restricted to a subset of Kenyon cells that project to the α/β, and γ axonal lobes of the mushroom bodies, but not to those forming the α’/β’ lobes. Summary:Drosophila mef2 expression is restricted to subsets of mushroom body neurons, from the time of their differentiation to adulthood, and is essential for mushroom body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Elliott S Goldstein
- School of Life Science, Cellular, Molecular and Bioscience Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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33
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Imbriano C, Molinari S. Alternative Splicing of Transcription Factors Genes in Muscle Physiology and Pathology. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020107. [PMID: 29463057 PMCID: PMC5852603 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle formation is a multi-step process that is governed by complex networks of transcription factors. The regulation of their functions is in turn multifaceted, including several mechanisms, among them alternative splicing (AS) plays a primary role. On the other hand, altered AS has a role in the pathogenesis of numerous muscular pathologies. Despite these premises, the causal role played by the altered splicing pattern of transcripts encoding myogenic transcription factors in neuromuscular diseases has been neglected so far. In this review, we systematically investigate what has been described about the AS patterns of transcription factors both in the physiology of the skeletal muscle formation process and in neuromuscular diseases, in the hope that this may be useful in re-evaluating the potential role of altered splicing of transcription factors in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Imbriano
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, Modena, Italy.
| | - Susanna Molinari
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, Modena, Italy.
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Abstract
The TET (Ten-eleven translocation) 1, 2 and 3 proteins have been shown to function as DNA hydroxymethylases in vertebrates and their requirements have been documented extensively. Recently, the Tet proteins have been shown to also hydroxylate 5-methylcytosine in RNA. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmrC) is enriched in messenger RNA but the function of this modification has yet to be elucidated. Because Cytosine methylation in DNA is barely detectable in Drosophila, it serves as an ideal model to study the biological function of 5hmrC. Here, we characterized the temporal and spatial expression and requirement of Tet throughout Drosophila development. We show that Tet is essential for viability as Tet complete loss-of-function animals die at the late pupal stage. Tet is highly expressed in neuronal tissues and at more moderate levels in somatic muscle precursors in embryos and larvae. Depletion of Tet in muscle precursors at early embryonic stages leads to defects in larval locomotion and late pupal lethality. Although Tet knock-down in neuronal tissue does not cause lethality, it is essential for neuronal function during development through its affects upon locomotion in larvae and the circadian rhythm of adult flies. Further, we report the function of Tet in ovarian morphogenesis. Together, our findings provide basic insights into the biological function of Tet in Drosophila, and may illuminate observed neuronal and muscle phenotypes observed in vertebrates.
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Taylor MV, Hughes SM. Mef2 and the skeletal muscle differentiation program. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:33-44. [PMID: 29154822 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mef2 is a conserved and significant transcription factor in the control of muscle gene expression. In cell culture Mef2 synergises with MyoD-family members in the activation of gene expression and in the conversion of fibroblasts into myoblasts. Amongst its in vivo roles, Mef2 is required for both Drosophila muscle development and mammalian muscle regeneration. Mef2 has functions in other cell-types too, but this review focuses on skeletal muscle and surveys key findings on Mef2 from its discovery, shortly after that of MyoD, up to the present day. In particular, in vivo functions, underpinning mechanisms and areas of uncertainty are highlighted. We describe how Mef2 sits at a nexus in the gene expression network that controls the muscle differentiation program, and how Mef2 activity must be regulated in time and space to orchestrate specific outputs within the different aspects of muscle development. A theme that emerges is that there is much to be learnt about the different Mef2 proteins (from different paralogous genes, spliced transcripts and species) and how the activity of these proteins is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Taylor
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL UK
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Arredondo JJ, Vivar J, Laine-Menéndez S, Martínez-Morentin L, Cervera M. CF2 transcription factor is involved in the regulation of Mef2 RNA levels, nuclei number and muscle fiber size. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179194. [PMID: 28617826 PMCID: PMC5472297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CF2 and Mef2 influence a variety of developmental muscle processes at distinct stages of development. Nevertheless, the exact nature of the CF2-Mef2 relationship and its effects on muscle building remain yet to be resolved. Here, we explored the regulatory role of CF2 in the Drosophila embryo muscle formation. To address this question and not having proper null CF2 mutants we exploited loss or gain of function strategies to study the contribution of CF2 to Mef2 transcription regulation and to muscle formation. Our data point to CF2 as a factor involved in the regulation of muscle final size and/or the number of nuclei present in each muscle. This function is independent of its role as a Mef2 collaborative factor in the transcriptional regulation of muscle-structural genes. Although Mef2 expression patterns do not change, reductions or increases in parallel in CF2 and Mef2 transcript abundance were observed in interfered and overexpressed CF2 embryos. Since CF2 expression variations yield altered Mef2 expression levels but with correct spatio-temporal Mef2 expression patterns, it can be concluded that only the mechanism controlling expression levels is de-regulated. Here, it is proposed that CF2 regulates Mef2 expression through a Feedforward Loop circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Arredondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERER), c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JJA); (MC)
| | - Jorge Vivar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERER), c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Laine-Menéndez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERER), c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Martínez-Morentin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERER), c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Cervera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERER), c/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JJA); (MC)
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Shilts J, Broadie K. Secreted tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase restricts trans-synaptic signaling to coordinate synaptogenesis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2344-2358. [PMID: 28576972 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptogenesis is coordinated by trans-synaptic signals that traverse the specialized synaptomatrix between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) activity sculpts this environment, balanced by secreted tissue inhibitors of Mmp (Timp). Here, we use the simplified Drosophila melanogaster matrix metalloproteome to test the consequences of eliminating all Timp regulatory control of Mmp activity at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Using in situ zymography, we find Timp limits Mmp activity at the NMJ terminal and shapes extracellular proteolytic dynamics surrounding individual synaptic boutons. In newly generated timp null mutants, NMJs exhibit architectural overelaboration with supernumerary synaptic boutons. With cell-targeted RNAi and rescue studies, we find that postsynaptic Timp limits presynaptic architecture. Functionally, timp null mutants exhibit compromised synaptic vesicle cycling, with activity that is lower in amplitude and fidelity. NMJ defects manifest in impaired locomotor function. Mechanistically, we find that Timp limits BMP trans-synaptic signaling and the downstream synapse-to-nucleus signal transduction. Pharmacologically restoring Mmp inhibition in timp null mutants corrects bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and synaptic properties. Genetically restoring BMP signaling in timp null mutants corrects NMJ structure and motor function. Thus, Timp inhibition of Mmp proteolytic activity restricts BMP trans-synaptic signaling to coordinate synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Shilts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Gene expression profiling in Pekin duck embryonic breast muscle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174612. [PMID: 28472139 PMCID: PMC5417483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lean-type Pekin duck is a breed gained through long-term selection and great effort has been exerted to understand the mechanisms underlying increased muscle yields. However, the genes involved in Pekin duck embryonic breast muscle development have not been explored to date. In this study, we investigated gene expression profiles in Pekin Duck embryonic breast muscle at hatched day 13 (E13), E19, and E27 using RNA-seq. In total, we produced 519,312,178 raw reads resulting in 497,348,158 high-quality reads after filtering. The mapping, distribution of reads along annotated genes, and consistency across replicates demonstrates the high quality of the RNA-seq data used in this study, allowing us to continue with the downstream analysis. Significantly fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between E13 and E19 (203 DEGs) compared to E27 and E19 (2,797 DEGs). Many DEGs highly expressed in E19 are involved in metabolic processes and cell division. KEGG analysis showed many pathways associated with fat development were significantly enriched for DEGs highly expressed in E27. These results provide a basis for the further investigation of the mechanisms involved in Pekin duck embryonic breast muscle development.
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Dissecting the Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Heart Disease: Lessons from the Drosophila Genetic Model. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4020024. [PMID: 29056683 PMCID: PMC5606597 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffold within organs and tissues that enables cell morphogenesis and provides structural support. Changes in the composition and organisation of the cardiac ECM are required for normal development. Congenital and age-related cardiac diseases can arise from mis-regulation of structural ECM proteins (Collagen, Laminin) or their receptors (Integrin). Key regulators of ECM turnover include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMP expression is increased in mice, pigs, and dogs with cardiomyopathy. The complexity and longevity of vertebrate animals makes a short-lived, genetically tractable model organism, such as Drosophila melanogaster, an attractive candidate for study. We survey ECM macromolecules and their role in heart development and growth, which are conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates, with focus upon the consequences of altered expression or distribution. The Drosophila heart resembles that of vertebrates during early development, and is amenable to in vivo analysis. Experimental manipulation of gene function in a tissue- or temporally-regulated manner can reveal the function of adhesion or ECM genes in the heart. Perturbation of the function of ECM proteins, or of the MMPs that facilitate ECM remodelling, induces cardiomyopathies in Drosophila, including cardiodilation, arrhythmia, and cardia bifida, that provide mechanistic insight into cardiac disease in mammals.
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Ow JR, Palanichamy Kala M, Rao VK, Choi MH, Bharathy N, Taneja R. G9a inhibits MEF2C activity to control sarcomere assembly. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34163. [PMID: 27667720 PMCID: PMC5036183 DOI: 10.1038/srep34163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that the lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibits sarcomere organization through regulation of the MEF2C-HDAC5 regulatory axis. Sarcomeres are essential for muscle contractile function. Presently, skeletal muscle disease and dysfunction at the sarcomere level has been associated with mutations of sarcomere proteins. This study provides evidence that G9a represses expression of several sarcomere genes and its over-expression disrupts sarcomere integrity of skeletal muscle cells. G9a inhibits MEF2C transcriptional activity that is essential for expression of sarcomere genes. Through protein interaction assays, we demonstrate that G9a interacts with MEF2C and its co-repressor HDAC5. In the presence of G9a, calcium signaling-dependent phosphorylation and export of HDAC5 to the cytoplasm is blocked which likely results in enhanced MEF2C-HDAC5 association. Activation of calcium signaling or expression of constitutively active CaMK rescues G9a-mediated repression of HDAC5 shuttling as well as sarcomere gene expression. Our results demonstrate a novel epigenetic control of sarcomere assembly and identifies new therapeutic avenues to treat skeletal and cardiac myopathies arising from compromised muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Rong Ow
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Monica Palanichamy Kala
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Rao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Min Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Narendra Bharathy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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Desjardins CA, Naya FJ. The Function of the MEF2 Family of Transcription Factors in Cardiac Development, Cardiogenomics, and Direct Reprogramming. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3. [PMID: 27630998 PMCID: PMC5019174 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper formation of the mammalian heart requires precise spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation of gene programs in cardiomyocytes. Sophisticated regulatory networks have evolved to not only integrate the activities of distinct transcription factors to control tissue-specific gene programs but also, in many instances, to incorporate multiple members within these transcription factor families to ensure accuracy and specificity in the system. Unsurprisingly, perturbations in this elaborate transcriptional circuitry can lead to severe cardiac abnormalities. Myocyte enhancer factor–2 (MEF2) transcription factor belongs to the evolutionarily conserved cardiac gene regulatory network. Given its central role in muscle gene regulation and its evolutionary conservation, MEF2 is considered one of only a few core cardiac transcription factors. In addition to its firmly established role as a differentiation factor, MEF2 regulates wide variety of, sometimes antagonistic, cellular processes such as cell survival and death. Vertebrate genomes encode multiple MEF2 family members thereby expanding the transcriptional potential of this core transcription factor in the heart. This review highlights the requirement of the MEF2 family and their orthologs in cardiac development in diverse animal model systems. Furthermore, we describe the recently characterized role of MEF2 in direct reprogramming and genome-wide cardiomyocyte gene regulation. A thorough understanding of the regulatory functions of the MEF2 family in cardiac development and cardiogenomics is required in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies to repair the diseased heart.
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Kuleesha Y, Puah WC, Wasser M. Live imaging of muscle histolysis in Drosophila metamorphosis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:12. [PMID: 27141974 PMCID: PMC4855724 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to muscle wasting disorders remains a matter of debate. Drosophila melanogaster metamorphosis offers the opportunity to study muscle cell death in the context of development. Using live cell imaging of the abdomen, two groups of larval muscles can be observed, doomed muscles that undergo histolysis and persistent muscles that are remodelled and survive into adulthood. Method To identify and characterize genes that control the decision between survival and cell death of muscles, we developed a method comprising in vivo imaging, targeted gene perturbation and time-lapse image analysis. Our approach enabled us to study the cytological and temporal aspects of abnormal cell death phenotypes. Results In a previous genetic screen for genes controlling muscle size and cell death in metamorphosis, we identified gene perturbations that induced cell death of persistent or inhibit histolysis of doomed larval muscles. RNA interference (RNAi) of the genes encoding the helicase Rm62 and the lysosomal Cathepsin-L homolog Cysteine proteinase 1 (Cp1) caused premature cell death of persistent muscle in early and mid-pupation, respectively. Silencing of the transcriptional co-repressor Atrophin inhibited histolysis of doomed muscles. Overexpression of dominant-negative Target of Rapamycin (TOR) delayed the histolysis of a subset of doomed and induced ablation of all persistent muscles. RNAi of AMPKα, which encodes a subunit of the AMPK protein complex that senses AMP and promotes ATP formation, led to loss of attachment and a spherical morphology. None of the perturbations affected the survival of newly formed adult muscles, suggesting that the method is useful to find genes that are crucial for the survival of metabolically challenged muscles, like those undergoing atrophy. The ablation of persistent muscles did not affect eclosion of adult flies. Conclusions Live imaging is a versatile approach to uncover gene functions that are required for the survival of muscle undergoing remodelling, yet are dispensable for other adult muscles. Our approach promises to identify molecular mechanisms that can explain the resilience of muscles to PCD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0113-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Kuleesha
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.,School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4-2A-05, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee Choo Puah
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Martin Wasser
- Imaging Informatics Division, Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore. .,Present address: BioImagingMW, Block 28D Dover Crescent, #31-73, Singapore, 134028, Republic of Singapore.
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Kuckwa J, Fritzen K, Buttgereit D, Rothenbusch-Fender S, Renkawitz-Pohl R. A new level of plasticity: Drosophila smooth-like testes muscles compensate failure of myoblast fusion. Development 2015; 143:329-38. [PMID: 26657767 PMCID: PMC4725342 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The testis of Drosophila resembles an individual testis tubule of mammals. Both are surrounded by a sheath of smooth muscles, which in Drosophila are multinuclear and originate from a pool of myoblasts that are set aside in the embryo and accumulate on the genital disc later in development. These muscle stem cells start to differentiate early during metamorphosis and give rise to all muscles of the inner male reproductive system. Shortly before the genital disc and the developing testes connect, multinuclear nascent myotubes appear on the anterior tips of the seminal vesicles. Here, we show that adhesion molecules are distinctly localized on the seminal vesicles; founder cell (FC)-like myoblasts express Dumbfounded (Duf) and Roughest (Rst), and fusion-competent myoblast (FCM)-like cells mainly express Sticks and stones (Sns). The smooth but multinuclear myotubes of the testes arose by myoblast fusion. RNAi-mediated attenuation of Sns or both Duf and Rst severely reduced the number of nuclei in the testes muscles. Duf and Rst probably act independently in this context. Despite reduced fusion in all of these RNAi-treated animals, myotubes migrated onto the testes, testes were shaped and coiled, muscle filaments were arranged as in the wild type and spermatogenesis proceeded normally. Hence, the testes muscles compensate for fusion defects so that the myofibres encircling the adult testes are indistinguishable from those of the wild type and male fertility is guaranteed. Summary:Drosophila testes muscles arise from stem cells and can compensate for fusion defects to safeguard fertility; this plasticity may compensate for the observed lack of satellite cells in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kuckwa
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Katharina Fritzen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Detlev Buttgereit
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Silke Rothenbusch-Fender
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Renate Renkawitz-Pohl
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
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Wang Y, Cruz T, Irion U, Moussian B. Differentiated muscles are mandatory for gas-filling of the Drosophila airway system. Biol Open 2015; 4:1753-61. [PMID: 26621831 PMCID: PMC4736026 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end of development, organs acquire functionality, thereby ensuring autonomy of an organism when it separates from its mother or a protective egg. In insects, respiratory competence starts when the tracheal system fills with gas just before hatching of the juvenile animal. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process are not fully understood. Analyses of the phenotype of Drosophila embryos with malformed muscles revealed that they fail to gas-fill their tracheal system. Indeed, we show that major regulators of muscle formation like Lame duck and Blown fuse are important, while factors involved in the development of subsets of muscles including cardiac and visceral muscles are dispensable for this process, suggesting that somatic muscles (or parts of them) are essential to enable tracheal terminal differentiation. Based on our phenotypic data, we assume that somatic muscle defect severity correlates with the penetrance of the gas-filling phenotype. This argues that a limiting molecular or mechanical muscle-borne signal tunes tracheal differentiation. We think that in analogy to the function of smooth muscles in vertebrate lungs, a balance of physical forces between muscles and the elasticity of tracheal walls may be decisive for tracheal terminal differentiation in Drosophila. Summary: During embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, without involving the nervous system, somatic muscles control terminal differentiation of the airway system by stimulating gas-filling before hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tina Cruz
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Uwe Irion
- Department of Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstr. 35, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Institute of Biology Valrose, University of Nice, Parc Valrose, Nice 06108, France Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Dresden D-01217, Germany
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45
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Dequéant ML, Fagegaltier D, Hu Y, Spirohn K, Simcox A, Hannon GJ, Perrimon N. Discovery of progenitor cell signatures by time-series synexpression analysis during Drosophila embryonic cell immortalization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12974-9. [PMID: 26438832 PMCID: PMC4620889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517729112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of time series profiling to identify groups of functionally related genes (synexpression groups) is a powerful approach for the discovery of gene function. Here we apply this strategy during Ras(V12) immortalization of Drosophila embryonic cells, a phenomenon not well characterized. Using high-resolution transcriptional time-series datasets, we generated a gene network based on temporal expression profile similarities. This analysis revealed that common immortalized cells are related to adult muscle precursors (AMPs), a stem cell-like population contributing to adult muscles and sharing properties with vertebrate satellite cells. Remarkably, the immortalized cells retained the capacity for myogenic differentiation when treated with the steroid hormone ecdysone. Further, we validated in vivo the transcription factor CG9650, the ortholog of mammalian Bcl11a/b, as a regulator of AMP proliferation predicted by our analysis. Our study demonstrates the power of time series synexpression analysis to characterize Drosophila embryonic progenitor lines and identify stem/progenitor cell regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kerstin Spirohn
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Amanda Simcox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Abstract
Immune responses and metabolic regulation are tightly coupled in all animals, but the underlying mechanistic connections are nowhere completely clear. In flies and in humans, prolonged or excessive immune activation can drive metabolic disruption and cause loss of metabolic stores. Conversely, disruptions of metabolic homeostasis, such as periods of malnutrition, can have significant impacts on immune function. We have recently identified the transcription factor MEF2 as a critical switch between anabolic and immune function in the adult Drosophila fat body. A conserved phosphorylation determines the affinity of MEF2 for the TATA-binding protein, effecting a choice between energy storage and immune function. The goal of this review is to place this molecular event in the broader context of metabolic-immune interaction in Drosophila, exploring what is and is not known about the ties between these 2 critical physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dionne
- a Centre for the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation; King's College London School of Medicine; London, United Kingdom
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47
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Asadzadeh J, Neligan N, Canabal-Alvear JJ, Daly AC, Kramer SG, Labrador JP. The Unc-5 Receptor Is Directly Regulated by Tinman in the Developing Drosophila Dorsal Vessel. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137688. [PMID: 26356221 PMCID: PMC4565662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During early heart morphogenesis cardiac cells migrate in two bilateral opposing rows, meet at the dorsal midline and fuse to form a hollow tube known as the primary heart field in vertebrates or dorsal vessel (DV) in Drosophila. Guidance receptors are thought to mediate this evolutionarily conserved process. A core of transcription factors from the NK2, GATA and T-box families are also believed to orchestrate this process in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Nevertheless, whether they accomplish their function, at least in part, through direct or indirect transcriptional regulation of guidance receptors is currently unknown. In our work, we demonstrate how Tinman (Tin), the Drosophila homolog of the Nkx-2.5 transcription factor, regulates the Unc-5 receptor during DV tube morphogenesis. We use genetics, expression analysis with single cell mRNA resolution and enhancer-reporter assays in vitro or in vivo to demonstrate that Tin is required for Unc-5 receptor expression specifically in cardioblasts. We show that Tin can bind to evolutionary conserved sites within an Unc-5 DV enhancer and that these sites are required for Tin-dependent transactivation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Asadzadeh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Neligan
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Judith J. Canabal-Alvear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Amanda C. Daly
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sunita Gupta Kramer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Juan-Pablo Labrador
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Lovato TL, Sensibaugh CA, Swingle KL, Martinez MM, Cripps RM. The Drosophila Transcription Factors Tinman and Pannier Activate and Collaborate with Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 to Promote Heart Cell Fate. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225919 PMCID: PMC4520567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the MADS domain transcription factor Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) is regulated by numerous and overlapping enhancers which tightly control its transcription in the mesoderm. To understand how Mef2 expression is controlled in the heart, we identified a late stage Mef2 cardiac enhancer that is active in all heart cells beginning at stage 14 of embryonic development. This enhancer is regulated by the NK-homeodomain transcription factor Tinman, and the GATA transcription factor Pannier through both direct and indirect interactions with the enhancer. Since Tinman, Pannier and MEF2 are evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates, and since their vertebrate homologs can convert mouse fibroblast cells to cardiomyocytes in different activator cocktails, we tested whether over-expression of these three factors in vivo could ectopically activate known cardiac marker genes. We found that mesodermal over-expression of Tinman and Pannier resulted in approximately 20% of embryos with ectopic Hand and Sulphonylurea receptor (Sur) expression. By adding MEF2 alongside Tinman and Pannier, a dramatic expansion in the expression of Hand and Sur was observed in almost all embryos analyzed. Two additional cardiac markers were also expanded in their expression. Our results demonstrate the ability to initiate ectopic cardiac fate in vivo by the combination of only three members of the conserved Drosophila cardiac transcription network, and provide an opportunity for this genetic model system to be used to dissect the mechanisms of cardiac specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- TyAnna L. Lovato
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131–1091, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Sensibaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131–1091, United States of America
| | - Kirstie L. Swingle
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131–1091, United States of America
| | - Melody M. Martinez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131–1091, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Cripps
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131–1091, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ho DM, Pallavi SK, Artavanis-Tsakonas S. The Notch-mediated hyperplasia circuitry in Drosophila reveals a Src-JNK signaling axis. eLife 2015. [PMID: 26222204 PMCID: PMC4517436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling controls a wide range of cell fate decisions during development and disease via synergistic interactions with other signaling pathways. Here, through a genome-wide genetic screen in Drosophila, we uncover a highly complex Notch-dependent genetic circuitry that profoundly affects proliferation and consequently hyperplasia. We report a novel synergistic relationship between Notch and either of the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src42A and Src64B to promote hyperplasia and tissue disorganization, which results in cell cycle perturbation, JAK/STAT signal activation, and differential regulation of Notch targets. Significantly, the JNK pathway is responsible for the majority of the phenotypes and transcriptional changes downstream of Notch-Src synergy. We previously reported that Notch-Mef2 also activates JNK, indicating that there are commonalities within the Notch-dependent proliferation circuitry; however, the current data indicate that Notch-Src accesses JNK in a significantly different fashion than Notch-Mef2. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05996.001 The cells within animals are organized into tissues and organs that perform particular roles. To develop and maintain these structures, the ability of individual cells to divide and grow is strictly controlled by the activities of many proteins, including one called Notch. This protein is found in all multicellular organisms and allows cells to communicate with each other. Mutations in the gene that encodes Notch can cause cells to divide excessively and lead to cancer and other diseases. Notch regulates the growth and division of cells by interacting with many other proteins. For example, Mef2 works with Notch to activate a communication system called the JNK pathway. This pathway is involved in controlling cell division, cell death, and cell movement. However, it is thought that Notch may also interact with other proteins that have not yet been identified. Now, Ho et al. have conducted a genome-wide screen in fruit flies to find proteins that interact with Notch. The experiments used flies that develop abnormally large eyes because they have an over-active Notch protein. Ho et al. identified hundreds of fruit fly genes that could increase or decrease the size of the flies' eyes in the presence of Notch activity. Many of these genes are known to be involved in development, cell division, or in controlling the activity of other genes. Ho et al. found that two of these genes encode similar proteins called Src42A and Src64B, which are similar to the Src proteins that are involved in many types of human cancers. The experiments show that both proteins interact with Notch to promote uncontrolled cell division and lead to tissues in the flies becoming more disorganized. The JNK pathway is also activated by Notch working with Src42A or Src64B, but in a different manner to how it is activated by Mef2 and Notch, and with different consequences for cells. This study provides new insights into how genes work together in order to influence cell division and other events in development. Also, it suggests that Notch activity may regulate the growth of cancers linked with defects in the Src proteins. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05996.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Ho
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - S K Pallavi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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Buffolo M, Batista Possidonio AC, Mermelstein C, Araujo H. A conserved role for calpains during myoblast fusion. Genesis 2015; 53:417-30. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Buffolo
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro; Rio De Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Desenvolvimento, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro; Rio De Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Batista Possidonio
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro; Rio De Janeiro Brazil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro; Rio De Janeiro Brazil
| | - Helena Araujo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Desenvolvimento, Instituto De Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro; Rio De Janeiro Brazil
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