1
|
Sosa E, Mumu SK, Alvarado CC, Wu QY, Roberson I, Espinoza A, Hsu FM, Saito K, Hunt TJ, Faith JE, Lowe MG, DiRusso JA, Clark AT. Reconstituted ovaries self-assemble without an ovarian surface epithelium. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2190-2202. [PMID: 37890483 PMCID: PMC10679655 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell models of the ovary have the potential to benefit women's reproductive health research. One such model, the reconstituted ovary (rOvary) self-assembles with pluripotent stem cell-derived germ cells creating a 3D ovarian mimic competent to support the differentiation of functional oocytes inside follicles. In this study, we evaluated the cellular composition of the rOvary revealing the capacity to generate multiple follicles surrounded by NR2F2+ stroma cells. However, the rOvary does not develop a surface epithelium, the source of second-wave pre-granulosa cells, or steroidogenic theca. Therefore, the rOvary models represent the self-assembly of activated follicles in a pre-pubertal ovary poised but not yet competent for hormone production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Sosa
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sinthia Kabir Mumu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian C Alvarado
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qiu Ya Wu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isaias Roberson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alejandro Espinoza
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences - The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fei-Man Hsu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy J Hunt
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jared E Faith
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew G Lowe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan A DiRusso
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amander T Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu M, Schultz RM, Namekawa SH. Epigenetic programming in the ovarian reserve. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300069. [PMID: 37417392 PMCID: PMC10698196 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian reserve defines female reproductive lifespan, which in humans spans decades. The ovarian reserve consists of oocytes residing in primordial follicles arrested in meiotic prophase I and is maintained independent of DNA replication and cell proliferation, thereby lacking stem cell-based maintenance. Largely unknown is how cellular states of the ovarian reserve are established and maintained for decades. Our recent study revealed that a distinct chromatin state is established during ovarian reserve formation in mice, uncovering a novel window of epigenetic programming in female germline development. We showed that an epigenetic regulator, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), establishes a repressive chromatin state in perinatal mouse oocytes that is essential for prophase I-arrested oocytes to form the ovarian reserve. Here we discuss the biological roles and mechanisms underlying epigenetic programming in ovarian reserve formation, highlighting current knowledge gaps and emerging research areas in female reproductive biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Richard M. Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Satoshi H. Namekawa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Y, Roig I. Genetic control of meiosis surveillance mechanisms in mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1127440. [PMID: 36910159 PMCID: PMC9996228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1127440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates haploid gametes and is critical for successful sexual reproduction. During the extended meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes progressively pair, synapse and desynapse. These chromosomal dynamics are tightly integrated with meiotic recombination (MR), during which programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and subsequently repaired. Consequently, parental chromosome arms reciprocally exchange, ultimately ensuring accurate homolog segregation and genetic diversity in the offspring. Surveillance mechanisms carefully monitor the MR and homologous chromosome synapsis during meiotic prophase I to avoid producing aberrant chromosomes and defective gametes. Errors in these critical processes would lead to aneuploidy and/or genetic instability. Studies of mutation in mouse models, coupled with advances in genomic technologies, lead us to more clearly understand how meiosis is controlled and how meiotic errors are linked to mammalian infertility. Here, we review the genetic regulations of these major meiotic events in mice and highlight our current understanding of their surveillance mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize meiotic prophase genes, the mutations that activate the surveillance system leading to meiotic prophase arrest in mouse models, and their corresponding genetic variants identified in human infertile patients. Finally, we discuss their value for the diagnosis of causes of meiosis-based infertility in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Cytology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ignasi Roig
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Cytology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yun Y, Lee S, So C, Manhas R, Kim C, Wibowo T, Hori M, Hunter N. Oocyte Development and Quality in Young and Old Mice following Exposure to Atrazine. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:117007. [PMID: 36367780 PMCID: PMC9651182 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg development has unique features that render it vulnerable to environmental perturbation. The herbicide atrazine is an endocrine disruptor shown to have detrimental effects on reproduction across several vertebrate species. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine whether exposure to low levels of atrazine impairs meiosis in female mammals, using a mouse model; in particular, the study's researchers sought to determine whether and how the fidelity of oocyte chromosome segregation may be affected and whether aging-related aneuploidy is exacerbated. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to two levels of atrazine in drinking water: The higher level equaled aqueous saturation, and the lower level corresponded to detected environmental contamination. To model developmental exposure, atrazine was ingested by pregnant females at 0.5 d post coitum and continued until pups were weaned at 21 d postpartum. For adult exposure, 2-month-old females ingested atrazine for 3 months. Following exposure, various indicators of oocyte development and quality were determined, including: a) chromosome synapsis and crossing over in fetal oocytes using immunofluorescence staining of prophase-I chromosome preparations; b) sizes of follicle pools in sectioned ovaries; c) efficiencies of in vitro fertilization and early embryogenesis; d) chromosome alignment and segregation in cultured oocytes; e) chromosomal errors in metaphase-I and -II (MI and MII) preparations; and f) sister-chromatid cohesion via immunofluorescence intensity of cohesin subunit REC8 on MI-chromosome preparations, and measurement of interkinetochore distances in MII preparations. RESULTS Mice exposed to atrazine during development showed slightly higher levels of defects in chromosome synapsis, but sizes of initial follicle pools were indistinguishable from controls. However, although more eggs were ovulated, oocyte quality was lower. At the chromosome level, frequencies of spindle misalignment and numerical and structural abnormalities were greater at both meiotic divisions. In vitro fertilization was less efficient, and there were more apoptotic cells in blastocysts derived from eggs of atrazine-exposed females. Similar levels of chromosomal defects were seen in oocytes following both developmental and adult exposure regimens, suggesting quiescent primordial follicles may be a consequential target of atrazine. An important finding was that defects were observed long after exposure was terminated. Moreover, chromosomally abnormal eggs were very frequent in older mice, implying that atrazine exposure during development exacerbates effects of maternal aging on oocyte quality. Indeed, analogous to the effects of maternal age, weaker cohesion between sister chromatids was observed in oocytes from atrazine-exposed animals. CONCLUSION Low-level atrazine exposure caused persistent changes to the female mammalian germline in mice, with potential consequences for reproductive lifespan and congenital disease. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11343.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sunkyung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christina So
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rushali Manhas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carol Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tabitha Wibowo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael Hori
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Neil Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
PRC1-mediated epigenetic programming is required to generate the ovarian reserve. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4510. [PMID: 35948547 PMCID: PMC9365831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovarian reserve defines the female reproductive lifespan, which in humans spans decades due to robust maintenance of meiotic arrest in oocytes residing in primordial follicles. Epigenetic reprogramming, including DNA demethylation, accompanies meiotic entry, but the chromatin changes that underpin the generation and preservation of ovarian reserves are poorly defined. We report that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) establishes repressive chromatin states in perinatal mouse oocytes that directly suppress the gene expression program of meiotic prophase-I and thereby enable the transition to dictyate arrest. PRC1 dysfuction causes depletion of the ovarian reserve and leads to premature ovarian failure. Our study demonstrates a fundamental role for PRC1-mediated gene silencing in female reproductive lifespan, and reveals a critical window of epigenetic programming required to establish ovarian reserve. In humans, the ovarian reserve is maintained over decades by meiotic arrest of oocytes. Here the authors show that Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1)-mediated epigenetic programming is essential for formation of ovarian reserve and thus female reproductive lifespan.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shang Y, Huang J, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Shao Q, Tan T, Yin S, Zhang L, Wang S. MEIOK21 regulates oocyte quantity and quality via modulating meiotic recombination. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22357. [PMID: 35593531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101950r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive life span of females is largely determined by the number and quality of oocytes. Previously, we identified MEIOK21 as a meiotic recombination regulator required for male fertility. Here, we characterize the important roles of MEIOK21 in regulating female meiosis and oocyte number and quality. MEIOK21 localizes at recombination sites as a component of recombination bridges in oogenesis like in spermatogenesis. Meiok21-/- female mice show subfertility. Consistently, the size of the primordial follicle pool in Meiok21-/- females is only ~40% of wild-type females because a great number of oocytes with defects in meiotic recombination and/or synapsis are eliminated. Furthermore, the numbers of primordial and growing follicles show a more marked decrease in an age-dependent manner compared with wild-type females. Further analysis shows Meiok21-/- oocytes also have reduced rates of germinal vesicle breakdown and the first polar body extrusion when cultured in vitro, indicating poor oocyte quality. Additionally, Meiok21-/- oocytes have more chromosomes bearing a single distally localized crossover (chiasmata), suggesting a possible defect in crossover maturation. Taken together, our findings indicate critical roles for MEIOK21 in ensuring the number and quality of oocytes in the follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Shang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Shao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taicong Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Foe VE. Does the Pachytene Checkpoint, a Feature of Meiosis, Filter Out Mistakes in Double-Strand DNA Break Repair and as a side-Effect Strongly Promote Adaptive Speciation? Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac008. [PMID: 36827645 PMCID: PMC8998493 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This essay aims to explain two biological puzzles: why eukaryotic transcription units are composed of short segments of coding DNA interspersed with long stretches of non-coding (intron) DNA, and the near ubiquity of sexual reproduction. As is well known, alternative splicing of its coding sequences enables one transcription unit to produce multiple variants of each encoded protein. Additionally, padding transcription units with non-coding DNA (often many thousands of base pairs long) provides a readily evolvable way to set how soon in a cell cycle the various mRNAs will begin being expressed and the total amount of mRNA that each transcription unit can make during a cell cycle. This regulation complements control via the transcriptional promoter and facilitates the creation of complex eukaryotic cell types, tissues, and organisms. However, it also makes eukaryotes exceedingly vulnerable to double-strand DNA breaks, which end-joining break repair pathways can repair incorrectly. Transcription units cover such a large fraction of the genome that any mis-repair producing a reorganized chromosome has a high probability of destroying a gene. During meiosis, the synaptonemal complex aligns homologous chromosome pairs and the pachytene checkpoint detects, selectively arrests, and in many organisms actively destroys gamete-producing cells with chromosomes that cannot adequately synapse; this creates a filter favoring transmission to the next generation of chromosomes that retain the parental organization, while selectively culling those with interrupted transcription units. This same meiotic checkpoint, reacting to accidental chromosomal reorganizations inflicted by error-prone break repair, can, as a side effect, provide a mechanism for the formation of new species in sympatry. It has been a long-standing puzzle how something as seemingly maladaptive as hybrid sterility between such new species can arise. I suggest that this paradox is resolved by understanding the adaptive importance of the pachytene checkpoint, as outlined above.
Collapse
|
8
|
Park CJ, Oh JE, Feng J, Cho YM, Qiao H, Ko C. Lifetime changes of the oocyte pool: Contributing factors with a focus on ovulatory inflammation. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2022; 49:16-25. [PMID: 35255655 PMCID: PMC8923630 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2021.04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian species, females are born with a number of oocytes exceeding what they release via ovulation. In humans, an average girl is born with over a thousand times more oocytes than she will ovulate in her lifetime. The reason for having such an excessive number of oocytes in a neonatal female ovary is currently unknown. However, it is well established that the oocyte number decreases throughout the entire lifetime until the ovary loses them all. In this review, data published in the past 80 years were used to assess the current knowledge regarding the changing number of oocytes in humans and mice, as well as the reported factors that contribute to the decline of oocyte numbers. Briefly, a collective estimation indicates that an average girl is born with approximately 600,000 oocytes, which is 2,000 times more than the number of oocytes that she will ovulate in her lifetime. The oocyte number begins to decrease immediately after birth and is reduced to half of the initial number by puberty and almost zero by age 50 years. Multiple factors that are either intrinsic or extrinsic to the ovary contribute to the decline of the oocyte number. The inflammation caused by the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge is discussed as a potential contributing factor to the decline of the oocyte pool during the reproductive lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Park
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL ,USA.,Epivara Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL ,USA
| | - Jianan Feng
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL ,USA
| | - Yoon Min Cho
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL ,USA
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL ,USA
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL ,USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Z, Yang X, Pan Y, Shang L, Chen S, Yang J, Jin L, Zhang F, Wu Y. Temporal transcriptomic landscape of postnatal mouse ovaries reveals dynamic gene signatures associated with ovarian aging. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1941-1954. [PMID: 34137841 PMCID: PMC8522635 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovary is the most important organ for maintaining female reproductive health, but it fails before most other organs. Aging-associated alterations in gene expression patterns in mammalian ovaries remain largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptomic landscape of postnatal mouse ovaries over the reproductive lifespan was investigated using bulk RNA sequencing in C57BL/6 mice. Gene expression dynamics revealed that the lifespan of postnatal mouse ovaries comprised four sequential stages, during which 2517 genes were identified as differentially enriched. Notably, the DNA repair pathway was found to make a considerable and specific contribution to the process of ovarian aging. Temporal gene expression patterns were dissected to identify differences in gene expression trajectories over the lifespan. In addition to DNA repair, distinct biological functions (including hypoxia response, epigenetic modification, fertilization, mitochondrial function, etc.) were overrepresented in particular clusters. Association studies were further performed to explore the relationships between known genes responsible for ovarian function and differentially expressed genes identified in this work. We found that the causative genes of human premature ovarian insufficiency were specifically enriched in distinct gene clusters. Taken together, our findings reveal a comprehensive transcriptomic landscape of the mouse ovary over the lifespan, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying mammalian ovarian aging and supporting future etiological studies of aging-associated ovarian disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuncheng Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lingyue Shang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bergero R, Ellis P, Haerty W, Larcombe L, Macaulay I, Mehta T, Mogensen M, Murray D, Nash W, Neale MJ, O'Connor R, Ottolini C, Peel N, Ramsey L, Skinner B, Suh A, Summers M, Sun Y, Tidy A, Rahbari R, Rathje C, Immler S. Meiosis and beyond - understanding the mechanistic and evolutionary processes shaping the germline genome. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:822-841. [PMID: 33615674 PMCID: PMC8246768 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The separation of germ cell populations from the soma is part of the evolutionary transition to multicellularity. Only genetic information present in the germ cells will be inherited by future generations, and any molecular processes affecting the germline genome are therefore likely to be passed on. Despite its prevalence across taxonomic kingdoms, we are only starting to understand details of the underlying micro-evolutionary processes occurring at the germline genome level. These include segregation, recombination, mutation and selection and can occur at any stage during germline differentiation and mitotic germline proliferation to meiosis and post-meiotic gamete maturation. Selection acting on germ cells at any stage from the diploid germ cell to the haploid gametes may cause significant deviations from Mendelian inheritance and may be more widespread than previously assumed. The mechanisms that affect and potentially alter the genomic sequence and allele frequencies in the germline are pivotal to our understanding of heritability. With the rise of new sequencing technologies, we are now able to address some of these unanswered questions. In this review, we comment on the most recent developments in this field and identify current gaps in our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bergero
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JTU.K.
| | - Peter Ellis
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | | | - Lee Larcombe
- Applied Exomics LtdStevenage Bioscience CatalystStevenageSG1 2FXU.K.
| | - Iain Macaulay
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Tarang Mehta
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Mette Mogensen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - David Murray
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - Will Nash
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Matthew J. Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9RHU.K.
| | | | | | - Ned Peel
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Luke Ramsey
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAU.K.
| | - Ben Skinner
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterCO4 3SQU.K.
| | - Alexander Suh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
- Department of Organismal BiologyUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DUppsala752 36Sweden
| | - Michael Summers
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
- The Bridge Centre1 St Thomas Street, London BridgeLondonSE1 9RYU.K.
| | - Yu Sun
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, Colney LnNorwichNR4 7UGU.K.
| | - Alison Tidy
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Plant Science, Sutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDU.K.
| | | | - Claudia Rathje
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | - Simone Immler
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muyle A, Bachtrog D, Marais GAB, Turner JMA. Epigenetics drive the evolution of sex chromosomes in animals and plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200124. [PMID: 33866802 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We review how epigenetics affect sex chromosome evolution in animals and plants. In a few species, sex is determined epigenetically through the action of Y-encoded small RNAs. Epigenetics is also responsible for changing the sex of individuals through time, even in species that carry sex chromosomes, and could favour species adaptation through breeding system plasticity. The Y chromosome accumulates repeats that become epigenetically silenced which leads to an epigenetic conflict with the expression of Y genes and could accelerate Y degeneration. Y heterochromatin can be lost through ageing, which activates transposable elements and lowers male longevity. Y chromosome degeneration has led to the evolution of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in eutherians (placentals) and marsupials, and dosage compensation mechanisms in animals and plants. X-inactivation convergently evolved in eutherians and marsupials via two independently evolved non-coding RNAs. In Drosophila, male X upregulation by the male specific lethal (MSL) complex can spread to neo-X chromosomes through the transposition of transposable elements that carry an MSL-binding motif. We discuss similarities and possible differences between plants and animals and suggest future directions for this dynamic field of research. This article is part of the theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?'
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Muyle
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Doris Bachtrog
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel A B Marais
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.,LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Samaddar M, Goudeau J, Sanchez M, Hall DH, Bohnert KA, Ingaramo M, Kenyon C. A genetic screen identifies new steps in oocyte maturation that enhance proteostasis in the immortal germ lineage. eLife 2021; 10:e62653. [PMID: 33848238 PMCID: PMC8043744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells age and die, but the germ-cell lineage is immortal. In Caenorhabditis elegans, germline immortality involves proteostasis renewal at the beginning of each new generation, when oocyte maturation signals from sperm trigger the clearance of carbonylated proteins and protein aggregates. Here, we explore the cell biology of this proteostasis renewal in the context of a whole-genome RNAi screen. Oocyte maturation signals are known to trigger protein-aggregate removal via lysosome acidification. Our findings suggest that lysosomes are acidified as a consequence of changes in endoplasmic reticulum activity that permit assembly of the lysosomal V-ATPase, which in turn allows lysosomes to clear the aggregates via microautophagy. We define two functions for mitochondria, both of which appear to be independent of ATP generation. Many genes from the screen also regulate lysosome acidification and age-dependent protein aggregation in the soma, suggesting a fundamental mechanistic link between proteostasis renewal in the germline and somatic longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Goudeau
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - David H Hall
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - K Adam Bohnert
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Maria Ingaramo
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cynthia Kenyon
- Calico Life Sciences LLCSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dello Stritto MR, Bauer B, Barraud P, Jantsch V. DNA topoisomerase 3 is required for efficient germ cell quality control. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211935. [PMID: 33798260 PMCID: PMC8025215 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An important quality control mechanism eliminates meiocytes that have experienced recombination failure during meiosis. The culling of defective oocytes in Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis resembles late oocyte elimination in female mammals. Here we show that topoisomerase 3 depletion generates DNA lesions in both germline mitotic and meiotic compartments that are less capable of triggering p53 (cep-1)–dependent apoptosis, despite the activation of DNA damage and apoptosis signaling. Elimination of nonhomologous, alternative end joining and single strand annealing repair factors (CKU-70, CKU-80, POLQ-1, and XPF-1) can alleviate the apoptosis block. Remarkably, the ability of single mutants in the other members of the Bloom helicase-topoisomerase-RMI1 complex to elicit apoptosis is not compromised, and depletion of Bloom helicase in topoisomerase 3 mutants restores an effective apoptotic response. Therefore, uncontrolled Bloom helicase activity seems to direct DNA repair toward normally not used repair pathways, and this counteracts efficient apoptosis. This implicates an as-yet undescribed requirement for topoisomerase 3 in mounting an effective apoptotic response to ensure germ cell quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Dello Stritto
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Bauer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre Barraud
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, UMR 8261, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientific, Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Verena Jantsch
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yun Y, Ito M, Sandhu S, Hunter N. Cytological Monitoring of Meiotic Crossovers in Spermatocytes and Oocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2153:267-286. [PMID: 32840786 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0644-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crossing-over between homologous chromosomes is essential for accurate chromosome segregation at anaphase-I of meiosis. Defective crossing-over is associated with infertility, pregnancy miscarriage, and congenital disease. This chapter presents optimized protocols for the analysis of meiotic crossovers at the cytological level in spermatocytes and oocytes from mouse. The first approach employs immunocytology to detect MLH1, a DNA mismatch-repair protein that specifically marks crossover sites in the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase-I. These immunocytological methods have general utility for the analysis of other recombination steps, such as initiation and DNA strand exchange. The second approach visualizes chiasmata, the points of physical exchange between homologous chromosomes that are present during the diakinesis and metaphase-I stages. Both approaches are readily adaptable to the analysis of crossing over in other vertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Davis, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Masaru Ito
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Davis, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sumit Sandhu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Davis, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Davis, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martínez-Marchal A, Huang Y, Guillot-Ferriols MT, Ferrer-Roda M, Guixé A, Garcia-Caldés M, Roig I. The DNA damage response is required for oocyte cyst breakdown and follicle formation in mice. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009067. [PMID: 33206637 PMCID: PMC7710113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oogonia proliferate without completing cytokinesis, forming cysts. Within these, oocytes differentiate and initiate meiosis, promoting double-strand break (DSBs) formation, which are repaired by homologous recombination (HR) causing the pairing and synapsis of the homologs. Errors in these processes activate checkpoint mechanisms, leading to apoptosis. At the end of prophase I, in contrast with what is observed in spermatocytes, oocytes accumulate unrepaired DSBs. Simultaneously to the cyst breakdown, there is a massive oocyte death, which has been proposed to be necessary to enable the individualization of the oocytes to form follicles. Based upon all the above-mentioned information, we hypothesize that the apparently inefficient HR occurring in the oocytes may be a requirement to first eliminate most of the oocytes and enable cyst breakdown and follicle formation. To test this idea, we compared perinatal ovaries from control and mutant mice for the effector kinase of the DNA Damage Response (DDR), CHK2. We found that CHK2 is required to eliminate ~50% of the fetal oocyte population. Nevertheless, the number of oocytes and follicles found in Chk2-mutant ovaries three days after birth was equivalent to that of the controls. These data revealed the existence of another mechanism capable of eliminating oocytes. In vitro inhibition of CHK1 rescued the oocyte number in Chk2-/- mice, implying that CHK1 regulates postnatal oocyte death. Moreover, we found that CHK1 and CHK2 functions are required for the timely breakdown of the cyst and to form follicles. Thus, we uncovered a novel CHK1 function in regulating the oocyte population in mice. Based upon these data, we propose that the CHK1- and CHK2-dependent DDR controls the number of oocytes and is required to properly break down oocyte cysts and form follicles in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez-Marchal
- Unitat de Citologia i Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yan Huang
- Unitat de Citologia i Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Guillot-Ferriols
- Unitat de Citologia i Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mònica Ferrer-Roda
- Unitat de Citologia i Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Guixé
- Unitat de Citologia i Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Caldés
- Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ignasi Roig
- Unitat de Citologia i Histologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Grup d'Inestabilitat i Integritat del genoma, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Petrillo C, Barroca V, Ribeiro J, Lailler N, Livera G, Keeney S, Martini E, Jain D. shani mutation in mouse affects splicing of Spata22 and leads to impaired meiotic recombination. Chromosoma 2020; 129:161-179. [PMID: 32388826 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombination is crucial for chromosome pairing and segregation during meiosis. SPATA22, along with its direct binding partner and functional collaborator, MEIOB, is essential for the proper repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during meiotic recombination. Here, we describe a novel point-mutated allele (shani) of mouse Spata22 that we isolated in a forward genetic screen. shani mutant mice phenocopy Spata22-null and Meiob-null mice: mutant cells appear to form DSBs and initiate meiotic recombination, but are unable to complete DSB repair, leading to meiotic prophase arrest, apoptosis and sterility. shani mutants show precocious loss of DMC1 foci and improper accumulation of BLM-positive recombination foci, reinforcing the requirement of SPATA22-MEIOB for the proper progression of meiotic recombination events. The shani mutation lies within a Spata22 coding exon and molecular characterization shows that it leads to incorrect splicing of the Spata22 mRNA, ultimately resulting in no detectable SPATA22 protein. We propose that the shani mutation alters an exonic splicing enhancer element (ESE) within the Spata22 transcript. The affected DNA nucleotide is conserved in most tetrapods examined, suggesting that the splicing regulation we describe here may be a conserved feature of Spata22 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Petrillo
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Inserm, U1274, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jonathan Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Lailler
- Integrated Genomics Operation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Martini
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 92265, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Devanshi Jain
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tharp ME, Malki S, Bortvin A. Maximizing the ovarian reserve in mice by evading LINE-1 genotoxicity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:330. [PMID: 31949138 PMCID: PMC6965193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Female reproductive success critically depends on the size and quality of a finite ovarian reserve. Paradoxically, mammals eliminate up to 80% of the initial oocyte pool through the enigmatic process of fetal oocyte attrition (FOA). Here, we interrogate the striking correlation of FOA with retrotransposon LINE-1 (L1) expression in mice to understand how L1 activity influences FOA and its biological relevance. We report that L1 activity triggers FOA through DNA damage-driven apoptosis and the complement system of immunity. We demonstrate this by combined inhibition of L1 reverse transcriptase activity and the Chk2-dependent DNA damage checkpoint to prevent FOA. Remarkably, reverse transcriptase inhibitor AZT-treated Chk2 mutant oocytes that evade FOA initially accumulate, but subsequently resolve, L1-instigated genotoxic threats independent of piRNAs and differentiate, resulting in an increased functional ovarian reserve. We conclude that FOA serves as quality control for oocyte genome integrity, and is not obligatory for oogenesis nor fertility. Mammals lose up to 80% of their finite oocyte supply during fetal development. Here the authors interrogate mechanisms of fetal oocyte attrition in mice, driven by the simultaneous upregulation of LINE-1 retrotransposon activity and inhibit these mechanisms to increase the functional ovarian reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Tharp
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Safia Malki
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Alex Bortvin
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yun Y, Wei Z, Hunter N. Maternal obesity enhances oocyte chromosome abnormalities associated with aging. Chromosoma 2019; 128:413-421. [PMID: 31286204 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing globally, and maternal obesity has adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes and the long-term health of offspring. Maternal obesity has been associated with pregnancy failure through impaired oogenesis and embryogenesis. However, whether maternal obesity causes chromosome abnormalities in oocytes has remained unclear. Here we show that chromosome abnormalities are increased in the oocytes of obese mice fed a high-fat diet and identify weakened sister-chromatid cohesion as the likely cause. Numbers of full-grown follicles retrieved from obese mice were the same as controls and the efficiency of in vitro oocyte maturation remained high. However, chromosome abnormalities presenting in both metaphase-I and metaphase-II were elevated, most prominently the premature separation of sister chromatids. Weakened sister-chromatid cohesion in oocytes from obese mice was manifested both as the terminalization of chiasmata in metaphase-I and as increased separation of sister centromeres in metaphase II. Obesity-associated abnormalities were elevated in older mice implying that maternal obesity exacerbates the deterioration of cohesion seen with advancing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zijie Wei
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Boekhout M, Karasu ME, Wang J, Acquaviva L, Pratto F, Brick K, Eng DY, Xu J, Camerini-Otero RD, Patel DJ, Keeney S. REC114 Partner ANKRD31 Controls Number, Timing, and Location of Meiotic DNA Breaks. Mol Cell 2019; 74:1053-1068.e8. [PMID: 31003867 PMCID: PMC6555648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate the homologous recombination that is crucial for meiotic chromosome pairing and segregation. Here, we unveil mouse ANKRD31 as a lynchpin governing multiple aspects of DSB formation. Spermatocytes lacking ANKRD31 have altered DSB locations and fail to target DSBs to the pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of sex chromosomes. They also have delayed and/or fewer recombination sites but, paradoxically, more DSBs, suggesting DSB dysregulation. Unrepaired DSBs and pairing failures-stochastic on autosomes, nearly absolute on X and Y-cause meiotic arrest and sterility in males. Ankrd31-deficient females have reduced oocyte reserves. A crystal structure defines a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in REC114 and its direct intermolecular contacts with ANKRD31. In vivo, ANKRD31 stabilizes REC114 association with the PAR and elsewhere. Our findings inform a model in which ANKRD31 is a scaffold anchoring REC114 and other factors to specific genomic locations, thereby regulating DSB formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Boekhout
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mehmet E Karasu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laurent Acquaviva
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Florencia Pratto
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Brick
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana Y Eng
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - R Daniel Camerini-Otero
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cahoon CK, Libuda DE. Leagues of their own: sexually dimorphic features of meiotic prophase I. Chromosoma 2019; 128:199-214. [PMID: 30826870 PMCID: PMC6823309 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a conserved cell division process that is used by sexually reproducing organisms to generate haploid gametes. Males and females produce different end products of meiosis: eggs (females) and sperm (males). In addition, these unique end products demonstrate sex-specific differences that occur throughout meiosis to produce the final genetic material that is packaged into distinct gametes with unique extracellular morphologies and nuclear sizes. These sexually dimorphic features of meiosis include the meiotic chromosome architecture, in which both the lengths of the chromosomes and the requirement for specific meiotic axis proteins being different between the sexes. Moreover, these changes likely cause sex-specific changes in the recombination landscape with the sex that has the longer chromosomes usually obtaining more crossovers. Additionally, epigenetic regulation of meiosis may contribute to sexually dimorphic recombination landscapes. Here we explore the sexually dimorphic features of both the chromosome axis and crossing over for each stage of meiotic prophase I in Mus musculus, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, we consider how sex-specific changes in the meiotic chromosome axes and the epigenetic landscape may function together to regulate crossing over in each sex, indicating that the mechanisms controlling crossing over may be different in oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cori K Cahoon
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA
| | - Diana E Libuda
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, 1370 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR, 97403-1229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qiao H, Rao HBDP, Yun Y, Sandhu S, Fong JH, Sapre M, Nguyen M, Tham A, Van BW, Chng TYH, Lee A, Hunter N. Impeding DNA Break Repair Enables Oocyte Quality Control. Mol Cell 2018; 72:211-221.e3. [PMID: 30270110 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte quality control culls eggs with defects in meiosis. In mouse, oocyte death can be triggered by defects in chromosome synapsis and recombination, which involve repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) between homologous chromosomes. We show that RNF212, a SUMO ligase required for crossing over, also mediates oocyte quality control. Both physiological apoptosis and wholesale oocyte elimination in meiotic mutants require RNF212. RNF212 sensitizes oocytes to DSB-induced apoptosis within a narrow window as chromosomes desynapse and cells transition into quiescence. Analysis of DNA damage during this transition implies that RNF212 impedes DSB repair. Consistently, RNF212 is required for HORMAD1, a negative regulator of inter-sister recombination, to associate with desynapsing chromosomes. We infer that oocytes impede repair of residual DSBs to retain a "memory" of meiotic defects that enables quality-control processes. These results define the logic of oocyte quality control and suggest RNF212 variants may influence transmission of defective genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Qiao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - H B D Prasada Rao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yan Yun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sumit Sandhu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jared H Fong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Manali Sapre
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Addy Tham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Van
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Y H Chng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|