1
|
Sveiven M, Gassman A, Rosenberg J, Chan M, Boniface J, O’Donoghue AJ, Laurent LC, Hall DA. A dual-binding magnetic immunoassay to predict spontaneous preterm birth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1256267. [PMID: 37790251 PMCID: PMC10542577 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1256267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complications posed by preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy) are a leading cause of newborn morbidity and mortality. The previous discovery and validation of an algorithm that includes maternal serum protein biomarkers, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IBP4), with clinical factors to predict preterm birth represents an opportunity for the development of a widely accessible point-of-care assay to guide clinical management. Toward this end, we developed SHBG and IBP4 quantification assays for maternal serum using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors and a self-normalizing dual-binding magnetic immunoassay. The assays have a picomolar limit of detections (LOD) with a relatively broad dynamic range that covers the physiological level of the analytes as they change throughout gestation. Measurement of serum from pregnant donors using the GMR assays was highly concordant with those obtained using a clinical mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay for the same protein markers. The MS assay requires capitally intense equipment and highly trained operators with a few days turnaround time, whereas the GMR assays can be performed in minutes on small, inexpensive instruments with minimal personnel training and microfluidic automation. The potential for high sensitivity, accuracy, and speed of the GMR assays, along with low equipment and personnel requirements, make them good candidates for developing point-of-care tests. Rapid turnaround risk assessment for preterm birth would enable patient testing and counseling at the same clinic visit, thereby increasing the timeliness of recommended interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sveiven
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Gassman
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joshua Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jay Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Drew A. Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baláž P, Žonda M, Carva K, Maldonado P, Oppeneer PM. Transport theory for femtosecond laser-induced spin-transfer torques. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:115801. [PMID: 29412190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaad95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast demagnetization of magnetic layers pumped by a femtosecond laser pulse is accompanied by a nonthermal spin-polarized current of hot electrons. These spin currents are studied here theoretically in a spin valve with noncollinear magnetizations. To this end, we introduce an extended model of superdiffusive spin transport that enables the treatment of noncollinear magnetic configurations, and apply it to the perpendicular spin valve geometry. We show how spin-transfer torques arise due to this mechanism and calculate their action on the magnetization present, as well as how the latter depends on the thicknesses of the layers and other transport parameters. We demonstrate that there exists a certain optimum thickness of the out-of-plane magnetized spin-current polarizer such that the torque acting on the second magnetic layer is maximal. Moreover, we study the magnetization dynamics excited by the superdiffusive spin-transfer torque due to the flow of hot electrons employing the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Thereby we show that a femtosecond laser pulse applied to one magnetic layer can excite small-angle precessions of the magnetization in the second magnetic layer. We compare our calculations with recent experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Baláž
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waitz M, Bello RY, Metz D, Lower J, Trinter F, Schober C, Keiling M, Lenz U, Pitzer M, Mertens K, Martins M, Viefhaus J, Klumpp S, Weber T, Schmidt LPH, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Serov VV, Kheifets AS, Argenti L, Palacios A, Martín F, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2266. [PMID: 29273745 PMCID: PMC5741688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depends on those of the other electrons and the nuclei. Such correlations have escaped direct observation by imaging techniques so far. Here, we implement an imaging scheme which visualizes correlations between electrons by coincident detection of the reaction fragments after high energy photofragmentation. With this technique, we examine the H2 two-electron wave function in which electron–electron correlation beyond the mean-field level is prominent. We visualize the dependence of the wave function on the internuclear distance. High energy photoelectrons are shown to be a powerful tool for molecular imaging. Our study paves the way for future time resolved correlation imaging at FELs and laser based X-ray sources. Electron-electron correlation is a complex and interesting phenomenon that occurs in multi-electron systems. Here, the authors demonstrate the imaging of the correlated two-electron wave function in hydrogen molecule using the coincident detection of the electron and proton after the photoionization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Y Bello
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Lower
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schober
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Keiling
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Lenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Universität Kassel, Heinr.-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - K Mertens
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Viefhaus
- FS-PE, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klumpp
- FS-FLASH-D, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V V Serov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physical Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - L Argenti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physics and CREOL College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - A Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileo de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Müller K, Korb M, Koo C, Klingeler R, Miesel D, Hildebrandt A, Rüffer T, Lang H. Tri- (M = Cu II ) and hexanuclear (M = Ni II , Co II ) heterometallic coordination compounds with ferrocene monocarboxylate ligands: Solid-state structures and thermogravimetric, electrochemical and magnetic properties. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Taniguchi T, Grollier J, Stiles MD. Spin-transfer torque in ferromagnetic bilayers generated by anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9931:99310W. [PMID: 28057977 PMCID: PMC5207049 DOI: 10.1117/12.2235822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
We propose an experimental scheme to determine the spin-transfer torque efficiency excited by the spin-orbit interaction in ferromagnetic bilayers from the measurement of the longitudinal magnetoresistace. Solving a diffusive spin-transport theory with appropriate boundary conditions gives an analytical formula of the longitudinal charge current density. The longitudinal charge current has a term that is proportional to the square of the spin-transfer torque efficiency and that also depends on the ratio of the film thickness to the spin diffusion length of the ferromagnet. Extracting this contribution from measurements of the longitudinal resistivity as a function of the thickness can give the spin-transfer torque efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Taniguchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Spintronics Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Julie Grollier
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales and Université Paris Sud 11, 1 Avenue Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - M D Stiles
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jamali M, Lee JS, Jeong JS, Mahfouzi F, Lv Y, Zhao Z, Nikolić BK, Mkhoyan KA, Samarth N, Wang JP. Giant Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in the Presence of Surface and Bulk Spin-Orbit Coupling of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7126-7132. [PMID: 26367103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators are known for their strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the existence of spin-textured surface states that might be potentially exploited for "topological spintronics." Here, we use spin pumping and the inverse spin Hall effect to demonstrate successful spin injection at room temperature from a metallic ferromagnet (CoFeB) into the prototypical 3D topological insulator Bi2Se3. The spin pumping process, driven by the magnetization dynamics of the metallic ferromagnet, introduces a spin current into the topological insulator layer, resulting in a broadening of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line width. Theoretical modeling of spin pumping through the surface of Bi2Se3, as well as of the measured angular dependence of spin-charge conversion signal, suggests that pumped spin current is first greatly enhanced by the surface SOC and then converted into a dc-voltage signal primarily by the inverse spin Hall effect due to SOC of the bulk of Bi2Se3. We find that the FMR line width broadens significantly (more than a factor of 5) and we deduce a spin Hall angle as large as 0.43 in the Bi2Se3 layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jamali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joon Sue Lee
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jong Seok Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Farzad Mahfouzi
- Department of Physics, California State University , Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Branislav K Nikolić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716-2570, United States
| | - K Andre Mkhoyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nitin Samarth
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tuning ferromagnetism in zinc oxide nanoparticles by chromium doping. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-014-0394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Butler WH, MacLaren JM, Zhang XG. Giant Magnetoresistance Calculated from First Principles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe Layer Korringa Kohn Rostoker-Coherent Potential Approximation technique was used to calculate the low temperature Giant Magnetoresistance from first principles for Co|Cu and permalloy|Cu superlattices. Our calculations predict large giant Magnetoresis-tance ratios for Co|Cu and extremely large ratios for permalloy|Cu for current perpendicular to the layers. Mechanisms such as spin-orbit coupling which mix spin channels are expected to greatly reduce the GMR effect for permalloy|Cu.
Collapse
|
9
|
Willekens M, Swagten H, Duif A, Bloemen P, Van Kempen R, Lenczowski S, De Jonge W. Magnetic and Transport Behavior of Af-Coupled Layers with a Limited Number of Repetitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-313-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe investigated the magnetization behavior of [(Co/Pd) 4-Ru]x samples with perpendicular anisotropy and a limited number of repetitions (x = 1,‥,22). In these systems the Co/Pd Multilayers behave as single magnetic entities. A detailed analysis and comparison of the magnetization curves observed by MOKE and VSM permits us to observe the magnetization reversal and hysteresis of the individual layers and to determine the antiferromagnetic coupling J between each pair of layers. A gradual increase in J is observed in all samples when going from the bottom layer to the top layer. Magnetoresistance curves show the same sharp transitions as the magnetization curves. A clear distinction can be made between an outer layer and an inner layer. These results will be compared with model calculations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang J, Wang CY, Hung MH, Jiang X, Chang LT, He L, Liu PH, Yang HJ, Tuan HY, Chen LJ, Wang KL. Ferromagnetic germanide in Ge nanowire transistors for spintronics application. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5710-7. [PMID: 22658951 DOI: 10.1021/nn301956m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore spintronics applications for Ge nanowire heterostructures formed by thermal annealing, it is critical to develop a ferromagnetic germanide with high Curie temperature and take advantage of the high-quality interface between Ge and the formed ferromagnetic germanide. In this work, we report, for the first time, the formation and characterization of Mn(5)Ge(3)/Ge/Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire transistors, in which the room-temperature ferromagnetic germanide was found through the solid-state reaction between a single-crystalline Ge nanowire and Mn contact pads upon thermal annealing. The atomically clean interface between Mn(5)Ge(3) and Ge with a relatively small lattice mismatch of 10.6% indicates that Mn(5)Ge(3) is a high-quality ferromagnetic contact to Ge. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements on the Mn(5)Ge(3)/Ge/Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire heterostructure reveal a Schottky barrier height of 0.25 eV for the Mn(5)Ge(3) contact to p-type Ge. The Ge nanowire field-effect transistors built on the Mn(5)Ge(3)/Ge/Mn(5)Ge(3) heterostructure exhibit a high-performance p-type behavior with a current on/off ratio close to 10(5), and a hole mobility of 150-200 cm(2)/(V s). Temperature-dependent resistance of a fully germanided Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire shows a clear transition behavior near the Curie temperature of Mn(5)Ge(3) at about 300 K. Our findings of the high-quality room-temperature ferromagnetic Mn(5)Ge(3) contact represent a promising step toward electrical spin injection into Ge nanowires and thus the realization of high-efficiency spintronic devices for room-temperature applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshi Tang
- Device Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu X. Half-metallic antiferromagnet as a prospective material for spintronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:294-298. [PMID: 22329004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spintronics is expected as the next-generation technology based on the novel notch of spin degree of freedom of electrons. Half-metals, a class of materials which behave as a metal in one spin direction and an insulator in the opposite spin direction, are ideal for spintronic applications. Half-metallic antiferromagnets as a subclass of half-metals are characterized further by totally compensated spin moments in a unit cell, and have the advantage of being able to generate fully spin-polarized current while exhibiting zero macroscopic magnetization. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the search for this novel material, from which we may get useful insights for prospective material exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics,National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaster RS, Xu L, Han SJ, Wilson RJ, Hall DA, Osterfeld SJ, Yu H, Wang SX. Quantification of protein interactions and solution transport using high-density GMR sensor arrays. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:314-20. [PMID: 21478869 PMCID: PMC3089684 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the kinetics of protein interactions on a high-density sensor array is vital to drug development and proteomic analysis. Label-free kinetic assays based on surface plasmon resonance are the current gold standard, but they have poor detection limits, suffer from non-specific binding, and are not amenable to high-throughput analyses. Here, we show that magnetically responsive nanosensors that have been scaled to over 100,000 sensors per cm² can be used to measure the binding kinetics of various proteins with high spatial and temporal resolution. We present an analytical model that describes the binding of magnetically labelled antibodies to proteins that are immobilized on the sensor surface. This model is able to quantify the kinetics of antibody-antigen binding at sensitivities as low as 20 zeptomoles of solute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Gaster
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shu-Jen Han
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Drew A. Hall
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Heng Yu
- MagArray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94089
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to: Shan X. Wang (), Stanford Center for Magnetic Nanotechnology, Phone: 650-723-8671, Mail address: Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, McCullough Building, Room 351, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4045
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morgunov RB, Dmitriev AI. Ferromagnetic semiconductor nanostructures—future spintronics. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Matrix-insensitive protein assays push the limits of biosensors in medicine. Nat Med 2009; 15:1327-32. [PMID: 19820717 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biosensor technologies for in vitro diagnostics have the potential to transform the practice of medicine. Despite considerable work in the biosensor field, there is still no general sensing platform that can be ubiquitously applied to detect the constellation of biomolecules in diverse clinical samples (for example, serum, urine, cell lysates or saliva) with high sensitivity and large linear dynamic range. A major limitation confounding other technologies is signal distortion that occurs in various matrices due to heterogeneity in ionic strength, pH, temperature and autofluorescence. Here we present a magnetic nanosensor technology that is matrix insensitive yet still capable of rapid, multiplex protein detection with resolution down to attomolar concentrations and extensive linear dynamic range. The matrix insensitivity of our platform to various media demonstrates that our magnetic nanosensor technology can be directly applied to a variety of settings such as molecular biology, clinical diagnostics and biodefense.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang AF, Xin ZH, Song HY, Wu LP, Shi YM. Spin-dependent tunneling through a spin precession quantum dot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11741-008-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Crowley TA, Daly B, Morris MA, Erts D, Kazakova O, Boland JJ, Wu B, Holmes JD. Probing the magnetic properties of cobalt–germanium nanocable arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b502155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Sjöstedt E, Nordström L, Gustavsson F, Eriksson O. Uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy of metal/semiconductor interfaces: Fe/ZnSe(001). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:267203. [PMID: 12484854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.267203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the magnetic moments and the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of an interface between a cubic ferromagnet and a cubic semiconductor, Fe/ZnSe(001), is presented. Theory confirms the observed, much debated, uniaxial anisotropy of the iron film. This result is important since the calculations are for perfect interfaces with squarelike environments, proving that the fourfolded symmetry of the interface Fe atoms is broken beyond the nearest neighboring semiconducting layer, effects that are usually assumed small. It is demonstrated how the uniaxial anisotropy is produced by the directional covalent bonds at the interface, even without atomic relaxations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sjöstedt
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wolf SA, Awschalom DD, Buhrman RA, Daughton JM, von Molnár S, Roukes ML, Chtchelkanova AY, Treger DM. Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science 2001; 294:1488-95. [PMID: 11711666 DOI: 10.1126/science.1065389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1970] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This review describes a new paradigm of electronics based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron. Either adding the spin degree of freedom to conventional charge-based electronic devices or using the spin alone has the potential advantages of nonvolatility, increased data processing speed, decreased electric power consumption, and increased integration densities compared with conventional semiconductor devices. To successfully incorporate spins into existing semiconductor technology, one has to resolve technical issues such as efficient injection, transport, control and manipulation, and detection of spin polarization as well as spin-polarized currents. Recent advances in new materials engineering hold the promise of realizing spintronic devices in the near future. We review the current state of the spin-based devices, efforts in new materials fabrication, issues in spin transport, and optical spin manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Wolf
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chapter 1 Interlayer exchange coupling in layered magnetic structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(01)13005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
20
|
Barthélémy A, Fert A, Petroff F. Chapter 1 Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-2719(99)12005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
21
|
Antonov VN, Perlov AY, Oppeneer PM, Yaresko AN, Halilov SV. Mechanism of the Giant Magnetoresistance in UNiGa from First-Principles Calculations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:5253-5256. [PMID: 10062754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
22
|
Cowache C, Dieny B, Chamberod A, Benizri D, Berthet F, Auffret S, Giacomoni L, Nossov S. Magnetic and transport properties of NiFe/Ag and Co/NiFe/Co/Ag multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:15027-15035. [PMID: 9983299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
23
|
Korenivski V, Rao KV, Colino J, Schuller IK. Extraordinary Hall effect in giant magnetoresistive Fe/Cr multilayers: The role of interface scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R11938-R11941. [PMID: 9982892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
24
|
Butler WH, Zhang X, Nicholson DM, Schulthess TC, MacLaren JM. Giant magnetoresistance from an electron waveguide effect in cobalt-copper multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:3216-3219. [PMID: 10060904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
25
|
Swagten HJ, Strijkers GJ, Bloemen PJ, Willekens MM. Enhanced giant magnetoresistance in spin-valves sandwiched between insulating NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:9108-9114. [PMID: 9982411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.9108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
26
|
Barnas J, Bruynseraede Y. Electronic transport in ultrathin magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:5449-5460. [PMID: 9984152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
27
|
Butler WH, Zhang X, Nicholson DM, MacLaren JM. First-principles calculations of electrical conductivity and giant magnetoresistance of Co||Cu||Co spin valves. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:13399-13410. [PMID: 9980533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
28
|
Chico L, Falicov LM. Electron scattering at interfaces: A tight-binding approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:6640-6646. [PMID: 9981893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
29
|
Saito Y, Inomata K, Yusu K, Goto A, Yasuoka H. Correlation between the interface structure and magnetic and transport properties for Co/Cu(110) and Ni8Fe2/Cu/Co/Cu(110) superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:6500-6512. [PMID: 9981879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
30
|
Dugaev VK, Litvinov VI, Petrov PP. Electric-current transmission through the contact of two metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:5306-5312. [PMID: 9981719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
31
|
Camblong HE, Levy PM, Zhang S. Electron transport in magnetic inhomogeneous media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:16052-16072. [PMID: 9978587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
32
|
Zhao PB, Pu FC. Correlation of impurity potential, s-d scattering, and giant magnetoresistance in magnetic granular alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:11603-11608. [PMID: 9977895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.11603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
33
|
Renard J, Bruno P, Mégy R, Bartenlian B, Beauvillain P, Chappert C, Dupas C, Kolb E, Mulloy M, Veillet P, Vélu E. Inverse magnetoresistance in the simple spin-valve system Fe1-xVx/Au/Co. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:12821-12824. [PMID: 9978063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
34
|
Zhang X, Butler WH. Conductivity of metallic films and multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:10085-10103. [PMID: 9977684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
35
|
Bulka BR, Barnas J. Parallel magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:6348-6357. [PMID: 9977174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
36
|
Yang Q, Holody P, Loloee R, Henry LL, Pratt WP, Schroeder PA, Bass J. Prediction and measurement of perpendicular giant magnetoresistances of Co/Cu/Ni84Fe16/Cu multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3226-3229. [PMID: 9979114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
37
|
Saito Y, Inomata K, Goto A, Yasuoka H, Uji S, Terashima T, Aoki H. Magnon-excitation contribution to the interface magnetization in Co/Cu superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3930-3932. [PMID: 9979218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
38
|
Camblong HE. Linear transport theory of magnetoconductance in metallic multilayers: A real-space approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:1855-1865. [PMID: 9978909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
39
|
Beliën P, Schad R, Potter CD, Verbanck G, Moshchalkov VV, Bruynseraede Y. Relation between interface roughness and giant magnetoresistance in MBE-grown polycrystalline Fe/Cr superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:9957-9962. [PMID: 9975078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
40
|
Sheng L, Xing DY. Path-integral approach to the quasiclassical theory for giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:1001-1007. [PMID: 9975767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
41
|
Koelling DD. Magnetic multilayers with (Nb,Mo,Cr) spacer materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:273-290. [PMID: 9974541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
42
|
Tsui F, Uher C, Flynn CP. Positive giant magnetoresistance in Dy/Sc superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:3084-3087. [PMID: 10056063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
43
|
Visscher PB. Transport in magnetic multilayers from the quantum Boltzmann equation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:3907-3915. [PMID: 10011284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
44
|
Hood RQ, Falicov LM, Penn DR. Effects of interfacial roughness on the magnetoresistance of magnetic metallic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:368-377. [PMID: 10009294 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
45
|
Visscher PB, Zhang H. Quantum calculation of giant magnetoresistance in layered magnetic films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:6672-6675. [PMID: 10009229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
46
|
Valet T, Fert A. Theory of the perpendicular magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:7099-7113. [PMID: 10006879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
47
|
Hall MJ, Hickey BJ, Howson MA, Walker MJ, Xu J, Greig D, Wiser N. Magnetoresistance of Co/Cu superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:12785-12793. [PMID: 10005475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
48
|
Liu M, Xing DY. Analytical approach to the Camley-Barnas-acute theory for giant magnetoresistance in magnetic layered structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:12272-12275. [PMID: 10005404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
49
|
Magnetoresistance of Spin-Valve Sandwiches and Multilayers (Experiments and Theories). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1519-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
50
|
Jacob M, Reiss G, Brückl H, Hoffmann H. Electronic transport properties of giant-magnetoresistance Fe/Cr multilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:11208-11211. [PMID: 10003001 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|