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Ibrahim MAA, Hamad MHA, Mahmoud AHM, Mekhemer GAH, Sayed SRM, El-Rahman MKA, Sidhom PA, Dabbish E, Shoeib T. On the Use of Graphene Nanosheets for Drug Delivery: A Case Study of Cisplatin and Some of Its Analogs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1640. [PMID: 37376088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene (GN) nanosheets have been widely exploited in biomedical applications as potential nanocarriers for various drugs due to their distinct physical and chemical properties. In this regard, the adsorption behavior of cisplatin (cisPtCl2) and some of its analogs on a GN nanosheet was investigated in perpendicular and parallel configurations by using density functional theory (DFT). According to the findings, the most significant negative adsorption energies (Eads) within the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes (where X = Cl, Br, and I) were observed for the parallel configuration, with values up to -25.67 kcal/mol at the H@GN site. Within the perpendicular configuration of the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes, three orientations were investigated for the adsorption process, namely, X/X, X/NH3, and NH3/NH3. The negative Eads values of the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes increased with the increasing atomic weight of the halogen atom. The Br@GN site showed the largest negative Eads values for the cisPtX2⋯GN complexes in the perpendicular configuration. The Bader charge transfer outcomes highlighted the electron-accepting properties of cisPtI2 within the cisPtI2⋯GN complexes in both configurations. The electron-donating character of the GN nanosheet increased as the electronegativity of the halogen atom increased. The band structure and density of state plots revealed the occurrence of the physical adsorption of the cisPtX2 on the GN nanosheet, which was indicated by the appearance of new bands and peaks. Based on the solvent effect outlines, the negative Eads values generally decreased after the adsorption process in a water medium. The recovery time results were in line with the Eads findings, where the cisPtI2 in the parallel configuration took the longest time to be desorbed from the GN nanosheet with values of 61.6 × 108 ms at 298.15 K. The findings of this study provide better insights into the utilization of GN nanosheets in drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Manar H A Hamad
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amna H M Mahmoud
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Gamal A H Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Shaban R M Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter A Sidhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Koruprolu VBR, Nirmala G. Development of process flow scheme on a low-grade calcareous graphite ore by split flotation technique. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2136575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bhadra Rao Koruprolu
- Mechanical Operation Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Gnanasundaram Nirmala
- Mechanical Operation Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Hess P. Bonding, structure, and mechanical stability of 2D materials: the predictive power of the periodic table. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:856-892. [PMID: 34494064 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review describes the ongoing effort to convert main-group elements of the periodic table and their combinations into stable 2D materials, which is sometimes called modern 'alchemy'. Theory is successfully approaching this goal, whereas experimental verification is lagging far behind in the synergistic interplay between theory and experiment. The data collected here gives a clear picture of the bonding, structure, and mechanical performance of the main-group elements and their binary compounds. This ranges from group II elements, with two valence electrons, to group VI elements with six valence electrons, which form not only 1D structures but also, owing to their variable oxidation states, low-symmetry 2D networks. Outside of these main groups reviewed here, predominantly ionic bonding may be observed, for example in group II-VII compounds. Besides high-symmetry graphene with its shortest and strongest bonds and outstanding mechanical properties, low-symmetry 2D structures such as various borophene and tellurene phases with intriguing properties are receiving increasing attention. The comprehensive discussion of data also includes bonding and structure of few-layer assemblies, because the electronic properties, e.g., the band gap, of these heterostructures vary with interlayer layer separation and interaction energy. The available data allows the identification of general relationships between bonding, structure, and mechanical stability. This enables the extraction of periodic trends and fundamental rules governing the 2D world, which help to clear up deviating results and to estimate unknown properties. For example, the observed change of the bond length by a factor of two alters the cohesive energy by a factor of four and the extremely sensitive Young's modulus and ultimate strength by more than a factor of 60. Since the stiffness and strength decrease with increasing atom size on going down the columns of the periodic table, it is important to look for suitable allotropes of elements and binaries in the upper rows of the periodic table when mechanical stability and robustness are issues. On the other hand, the heavy compounds are of particular interest because of their low-symmetry structures with exotic electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hess
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, INF 253, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ou M, Wang X, Yu L, Liu C, Tao W, Ji X, Mei L. The Emergence and Evolution of Borophene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001801. [PMID: 34194924 PMCID: PMC8224432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring carbon and sandwiched between non-metals and metals in the periodic table of the elements, boron is one of the most chemically and physically versatile elements, and can be manipulated to form dimensionally low planar structures (borophene) with intriguing properties. Herein, the theoretical research and experimental developments in the synthesis of borophene, as well as its excellent properties and application in many fields, are reviewed. The decade-long effort toward understanding the size-dependent structures of boron clusters and the theory-directed synthesis of borophene, including bottom-up approaches based on different foundations, as well as up-down approaches with different exfoliation modes, and the key factors influencing the synthetic effects, are comprehensively summarized. Owing to its excellent chemical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, borophene has shown great promise in supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen-storage, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, borophene nanoplatforms used in various biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and photonic therapy, are highlighted. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of borophene in large-scale production and other prospective applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
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Moon JY, Kim M, Kim SI, Xu S, Choi JH, Whang D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Park DS, Seo J, Cho SH, Son SK, Lee JH. Layer-engineered large-area exfoliation of graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabc6601. [PMID: 33115746 PMCID: PMC7608796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The competition between quality and productivity has been a major issue for large-scale applications of two-dimensional materials (2DMs). Until now, the top-down mechanical cleavage method has guaranteed pure perfect 2DMs, but it has been considered a poor option in terms of manufacturing. Here, we present a layer-engineered exfoliation technique for graphene that not only allows us to obtain large-size graphene, up to a millimeter size, but also allows selective thickness control. A thin metal film evaporated on graphite induces tensile stress such that spalling occurs, resulting in exfoliation of graphene, where the number of exfoliated layers is adjusted by using different metal films. Detailed spectroscopy and electron transport measurement analysis greatly support our proposed spalling mechanism and fine quality of exfoliated graphene. Our layer-engineered exfoliation technique can pave the way for the development of a manufacturing-scale process for graphene and other 2DMs in electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Moon
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Seung-Il Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuigang Xu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Physics, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmok Whang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16409, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dong Seop Park
- Mobile Display Process Architecture, Samsung Display, Asan 31454, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Seo
- Mobile Display Process Architecture, Samsung Display, Asan 31454, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Cho
- Mobile Display Process Architecture, Samsung Display, Asan 31454, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Kyun Son
- Department of Physics, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Trong Tam N, Viet Phuong N, Hong Khoi P, Ngoc Minh P, Afrand M, Van Trinh P, Hung Thang B, Żyła G, Estellé P. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Nanofluids for Direct Thermal Solar Absorption. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061199. [PMID: 32575460 PMCID: PMC7353102 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many scientists have been making remarkable efforts to enhance the efficiency of direct solar thermal absorption collectors that depends on working fluids. There are a number of heat transfer fluids being investigated and developed. Among these fluids, carbon nanomaterial-based nanofluids have become the candidates with the most potential by the heat absorbing and transfer properties of the carbon nanomaterials. This paper provides an overview of the current achievements in preparing and exploiting carbon nanomaterial-based nanofluids to direct thermal solar absorption. In addition, a brief discussion of challenges and recommendations for future work is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trong Tam
- Institute of Materials Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.); (P.N.M.)
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Basic-Fundamental Sciences, Vietnam Maritime University, 484 Lach Tray Road, Le Chan, Hai Phong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Phuong
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Phan Hong Khoi
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Phan Ngoc Minh
- Institute of Materials Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.); (P.N.M.)
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Masoud Afrand
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Electrical—Electronic Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Trinh
- Institute of Materials Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.); (P.N.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.V.T.); (B.H.T.); (G.Ż.); (P.E.)
| | - Bui Hung Thang
- Institute of Materials Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.); (P.N.M.)
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Correspondence: (P.V.T.); (B.H.T.); (G.Ż.); (P.E.)
| | - Gaweł Żyła
- Department of Experimental Physics, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-905 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.V.T.); (B.H.T.); (G.Ż.); (P.E.)
| | - Patrice Estellé
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Génie Mécanique, LGCGM, Université Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (P.V.T.); (B.H.T.); (G.Ż.); (P.E.)
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7
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Reis CL, Martins JL. Practical band interpolation with a modified tight-binding method. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:215501. [PMID: 30790774 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme that interpolates the energy bands of a crystal with a modified tight-binding Hamiltonian. We start from a pseudopotential plane-wave calculation of the eigenvalues in a three-dimensional coarse uniform grid of k-points in the Brillouin zone and from the evaluation of the single particle Hamiltonian and overlap matrix elements for a small localised basis set of atomic orbitals in the same k-point grid. A simple matrix manipulation procedure that replaces the eigenvalues obtained from the atomic orbital method by the eigenvalues of the plane-wave method generates the modified tight-binding Hamiltonian on the coarse grid. A subsequent three-dimensional Fourier interpolation of the modified tight-binding Hamiltonian and overlap matrices leads to a fast, yet accurate, determination of interpolated Hamiltonians and overlap matrices at an arbitrary k-point, or in a denser grid of k-points. We present examples of the application of the scheme to density functional calculations of germanium, graphite, graphene, copper and a SiGe superlattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Reis
- INESC-MN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Jung JH, Park CH, Ihm J. A Rigorous Method of Calculating Exfoliation Energies from First Principles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2759-2765. [PMID: 29667831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The exfoliation energy, the energy required to peel off an atomic layer from the surface of a bulk material, is of fundamental importance in the science and engineering of two-dimensional materials. Traditionally, the exfoliation energy of a material has been obtained from first-principles by calculating the difference in the ground-state energy between (i) a slab of N atomic layers ( N ≫ 1) and (ii) a slab of N - 1 atomic layers plus an atomic layer separated from the slab. In this paper, we prove that the exfoliation energy can be obtained exactly as the difference in the ground-state energy between a bulk material (per atomic layer) and a single isolated layer. The proposed method is (i) tremendously lower in computational cost than the traditional approach because it does not require calculations on thick slabs, (ii) still valid even if there is a surface reconstruction of any kind, (iii) capable of taking into account the relaxation of the single exfoliated layer (both in-plane lattice parameters and atomic positions), and (iv) easily combined with all kinds of many-body computational methods. As a proof of principles, we calculated exfoliation energies of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, MoS2, and phosphorene using density-functional theory. In addition, we found that the in-plane relaxation of an exfoliated layer accounts for 5% of one-layer exfoliation energy of phosphorene while it is negligible (<0.4%) in the other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Cheol-Hwan Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jisoon Ihm
- Department of Physics , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
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Tailor PM, Wheatley RJ, Besley NA. Simulation of the Raman spectroscopy of multi-layered carbon nanomaterials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28001-28010. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05908j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A empirical potential based model for simulating the Raman spectroscopy of layered carbon nanomaterials is introduced.
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11
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Jahangiri M. Systematic periodicity in waviness of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes explained by helical buckling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:375706. [PMID: 28699920 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7f6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A hypothesis is proposed in this work to account for the geometry of individual vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) that not only justifies the directionality of their growth, but also explains the origin of the waviness frequently reported for these nanotube forests. Such waviness has fundamental effects on the transport/conduction properties of VACNTs, either through or along them, regarding phenomena such as mass, stress, heat and electricity. Despite the general opinion about randomness of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tortuosity, we demonstrate here that rules of helical buckling of tubular strings is applicable to VACNTs, based on which a regular 3D helical geometry is proposed for VACNTs, with a 2D sine wave shape side-profile. In this framework, gradual increase of the total free surface energy by growth of CNTs ensues their partial cohesion, driven by van der Waals interactions, to reduce the excess surface energy. On the other hand, their cohesion is accompanied by their deformation and loss of straightness, which in turn, translates to buildup of an elastic strain energy in the system. The balance of the two energies along with the spatial constraints on each CNT at its contact points with neighboring CNTs, is manifested in its helical buckling, that is systematically influenced by nanostructural characteristics of VACNTs, such as their diameter, wall thickness and inter-CNT spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jahangiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Park Y, Shim J, Jeong S, Yi GR, Chae H, Bae JW, Kim SO, Pang C. Microtopography-Guided Conductive Patterns of Liquid-Driven Graphene Nanoplatelet Networks for Stretchable and Skin-Conformal Sensor Array. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606453. [PMID: 28370499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thin-film sensors have been developed for practical uses in invasive or noninvasive cost-effective healthcare devices, which requires high sensitivity, stretchability, biocompatibility, skin/organ-conformity, and often transparency. Graphene nanoplatelets can be spontaneously assembled into transparent and conductive ultrathin coatings on micropatterned surfaces or planar substrates via a convective Marangoni force in a highly controlled manner. Based on this versatile graphene assembled film preparation, a thin, stretchable and skin-conformal sensor array (144 pixels) is fabricated having microtopography-guided, graphene-based, conductive patterns embedded without any complicated processes. The electrically controlled sensor array for mapping spatial distributions (144 pixels) shows high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor ≈1697), skin-like stretchability (<48%), high cyclic stability or durability (over 105 cycles), and the signal amplification (≈5.25 times) via structure-assisted intimate-contacts between the device and rough skin. Furthermore, given the thin-film programmable architecture and mechanical deformability of the sensor, a human skin-conformal sensor is demonstrated with a wireless transmitter for expeditious diagnosis of cardiovascular and cardiac illnesses, which is capable of monitoring various amplified pulse-waveforms and evolved into a mechanical/thermal-sensitive electric rubber-balloon and an electronic blood-vessel. The microtopography-guided and self-assembled conductive patterns offer highly promising methodology and tool for next-generation biomedical devices and various flexible/stretchable (wearable) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Shim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Jeong
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeop Chae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Bae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KI for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Vuong A, Trevethan T, Latham CD, Ewels CP, Erbahar D, Briddon PR, Rayson MJ, Heggie MI. Interlayer vacancy defects in AA-stacked bilayer graphene: density functional theory predictions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:155304. [PMID: 28181915 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa5f93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AA-stacked graphite and closely related structures, where carbon atoms are located in registry in adjacent graphene layers, are a feature of graphitic systems including twisted and folded bilayer graphene, and turbostratic graphite. We present the results of ab initio density functional theory calculations performed to investigate the complexes that are formed from the binding of vacancy defects across neighbouring layers in AA-stacked bilayers. As with AB stacking, the carbon atoms surrounding lattice vacancies can form interlayer structures with sp 2 bonding that are lower in energy than in-plane reconstructions. The sp 2 interlayer bonding of adjacent multivacancy defects in registry creates a type of stable sp 2 bonded 'wormhole' or tunnel defect between the layers. We also identify a new class of 'mezzanine' structure characterised by sp 3 interlayer bonding, resembling a prismatic vacancy loop. The V 6 hexavacancy variant, where six sp 3 carbon atoms sit midway between two carbon layers and bond to both, is substantially more stable than any other vacancy aggregate in AA-stacked layers. Our focus is on vacancy generation and aggregation in the absence of extreme temperatures or intense beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Liu X, Liu J, Antipina LY, Hu J, Yue C, Sanchez AM, Sorokin PB, Mao Z, Wei J. Direct Fabrication of Functional Ultrathin Single-Crystal Nanowires from Quasi-One-Dimensional van der Waals Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6188-6195. [PMID: 27579584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Micromechanical exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials has triggered an explosive interest in 2D material research. The extension of this idea to 1D van der Waals materials, possibly opening a new arena for 1D material research, has not yet been realized. In this paper, we demonstrate that 1D nanowire with sizes as small as six molecular ribbons, can be readily achieved in the Ta2(Pd or Pt)3Se8 system by simple micromechanical exfoliation. Exfoliated Ta2Pd3Se8 nanowires are n-type semiconductors, whereas isostructural Ta2Pt3Se8 nanowires are p-type semiconductors. Both types of nanowires show excellent electrical switching performance as the channel material for a field-effect transistor. Low-temperature transport measurement reveals a defect level inherent to Ta2Pd3Se8 nanowires, which enables the observed electrical switching behavior at high temperature (above 140 K). A functional logic gate consisting of both n-type Ta2Pd3Se8 and p-type Ta2Pt3Se8 field-effect transistors has also been successfully achieved. By taking advantage of the high crystal quality derived from the parent van der Waals bulk compound, our findings about the exfoliated Ta2(Pd or Pt)3Se8 nanowires demonstrate a new pathway to access single-crystal 1D nanostructures for the study of their fundamental properties and the exploration of their applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Liubov Yu Antipina
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials , Moscow, 142190, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Chunlei Yue
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel B Sorokin
- Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials , Moscow, 142190, Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jiang Wei
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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15
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Bonaccorso F, Bartolotta A, Coleman JN, Backes C. 2D-Crystal-Based Functional Inks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6136-66. [PMID: 27273554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to produce and process graphene, related 2D crystals, and heterostructures in the liquid phase makes them promising materials for an ever-growing class of applications as composite materials, sensors, in flexible optoelectronics, and energy storage and conversion. In particular, the ability to formulate functional inks with on-demand rheological and morphological properties, i.e., lateral size and thickness of the dispersed 2D crystals, is a step forward toward the development of industrial-scale, reliable, inexpensive printing/coating processes, a boost for the full exploitation of such nanomaterials. Here, the exfoliation strategies of graphite and other layered crystals are reviewed, along with the advances in the sorting of lateral size and thickness of the exfoliated sheets together with the formulation of functional inks and the current development of printing/coating processes of interest for the realization of 2D-crystal-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonaccorso
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, Messina, 98158, Italy
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claudia Backes
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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16
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Pykal M, Jurečka P, Karlický F, Otyepka M. Modelling of graphene functionalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6351-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This perspective describes the available theoretical methods and models for simulating graphene functionalization based on quantum and classical mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pykal
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Petr Jurečka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
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17
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Berland K, Cooper VR, Lee K, Schröder E, Thonhauser T, Hyldgaard P, Lundqvist BI. van der Waals forces in density functional theory: a review of the vdW-DF method. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:066501. [PMID: 25978530 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/6/066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT) that accounts for van der Waals (vdW) interactions in condensed matter, materials physics, chemistry, and biology is reviewed. The insights that led to the construction of the Rutgers-Chalmers van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) are presented with the aim of giving a historical perspective, while also emphasizing more recent efforts which have sought to improve its accuracy. In addition to technical details, we discuss a range of recent applications that illustrate the necessity of including dispersion interactions in DFT. This review highlights the value of the vdW-DF method as a general-purpose method, not only for dispersion bound systems, but also in densely packed systems where these types of interactions are traditionally thought to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Berland
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, SMN, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Direction-controlled chemical doping for reversible G-phonon mixing in ABC trilayer graphene. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8707. [PMID: 25746467 PMCID: PMC4352872 DOI: 10.1038/srep08707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only the apparent atomic arrangement but the charge distribution also defines the crystalline symmetry that dictates the electronic and vibrational structures. In this work, we report reversible and direction-controlled chemical doping that modifies the inversion symmetry of AB-bilayer and ABC-trilayer graphene. For the "top-down" and "bottom-up" hole injection into graphene sheets, we employed molecular adsorption of electronegative I2 and annealing-induced interfacial hole doping, respectively. The chemical breakdown of the inversion symmetry led to the mixing of the G phonons, Raman active Eg and Raman-inactive Eu modes, which was manifested as the two split G peaks, G(-) and G(+). The broken inversion symmetry could be recovered by removing the hole dopants by simple rinsing or interfacial molecular replacement. Alternatively, the symmetry could be regained by double-side charge injection, which eliminated G(-) and formed an additional peak, G(o), originating from the barely doped interior layer. Chemical modification of crystalline symmetry as demonstrated in the current study can be applied to other low dimensional crystals in tuning their various material properties.
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19
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de Lima AL, Müssnich LAM, Manhabosco TM, Chacham H, Batista RJC, de Oliveira AB. Soliton instability and fold formation in laterally compressed graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:045707. [PMID: 25566691 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/4/045707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate-through simulations and analytical calculations-the consequences of uniaxial lateral compression applied to the upper layer of multilayer graphene. The simulations of compressed graphene show that strains larger than 2.8% induce soliton-like deformations that further develop into large, mobile folds. Such folds were indeed experimentally observed in graphene and other solid lubricants two-dimensional (2D) materials. Interestingly, in the soliton-fold regime, the shear stress decreases with the strain s, initially as s(-2/3) and rapidly going to zero. Such instability is consistent with the recently observed negative dynamic compressibility of 2D materials. We also predict that the curvatures of the soliton-folds are given by r(c) = δ√(β/2α) where 1 ≤ δ ≤ 2 and β and α are respectively related to the layer bending modulus and to the interlayer binding energy of the material. This finding might allow experimental estimates of the β/α ratio of 2D materials from fold morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amauri Libério de Lima
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
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20
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Sun T, Wang YB. On the nature of the stacking interaction between two graphene layers. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Jung W, Kim D, Lee M, Kim S, Kim JH, Han CS. Ultraconformal contact transfer of monolayer graphene on metal to various substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6394-6400. [PMID: 25042593 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct transfer method of large area monolayer CVD graphene from Cu foil to various substrates such as PET, PDMS, and glass is developed using mechano-electro-thermal forces based on ultraconformal contact without any metal etching process or additional carrier layers in a solid-state process. Transferred graphene presents both excellent quality (with no residues, few defects, or no folding) and remarkable mechanical and electrical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang Z, Selbach SM, Grande T. Van der Waals density functional study of the energetics of alkali metal intercalation in graphite. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Lee H, Bratescu MA, Ueno T, Saito N. Solution plasma exfoliation of graphene flakes from graphite electrodes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proposed mechanisms for the bubble formation on the graphite electrodes discharged in distilled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonseung Lee
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | | | - Tomonaga Ueno
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- CREST
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Nagahiro Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Aichi Science and Technology Foundation
- Toyota, Japan
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24
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Hong YJ, Yang JW, Lee WH, Ruoff RS, Kim KS, Fukui T. Van der Waals epitaxial double heterostructure: InAs/single-layer graphene/InAs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6847-6853. [PMID: 24115285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial double heterostructures have been fabricated by vdW epitaxy of InAs nanostructures on both sides of graphene. InAs nanostructures diametrically form on/underneath graphene exclusively along As-polar direction, indicating polarity inversion of the double heterostructures. First-principles and density functional calculations demonstrate how and why InAs easily form to be double heterostructures with polarity inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Hong
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Graphene Research Institute and Hybrid Materials Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea; Research Center for Integrated Quantum Electronics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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25
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Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using ZnFe2O4/MWCNT Composite Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/356025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using arc discharge method at a magnetic field of 430 G and purified using HNO3/H2O2. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that MWCNTs had inner and outer diameter of ~2 nm and ~4 nm, respectively. Raman spectroscopy confirmed formation of MWCNTs showing G-band at 1577 cm−1. ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/MWCNT were produced using one step hydrothermal method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of cubic spinel ZnFe2O4 as well as incorporation of MWCNT into ZnFe2O4. Visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was studied using pure ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/MWCNT. The results showed that ZnFe2O4/MWCNT composite had higher photocatalytic activity as compared to pure ZnFe2O4. After irradiation for 5 hours in the visible light, MB was almost 84% degraded in the presence of ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst, while 99% degradation was observed in case of ZnFe2O4/MWCNT composite. This enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of composite may be attributed to the inhibition of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.
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26
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Quhe R, Ma J, Zeng Z, Tang K, Zheng J, Wang Y, Ni Z, Wang L, Gao Z, Shi J, Lu J. Tunable band gap in few-layer graphene by surface adsorption. Sci Rep 2013. [PMCID: PMC3646358 DOI: 10.1038/srep01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a tunable band gap in ABC-stacked few-layer graphene (FLG) via applying a vertical electric field, but the operation of FLG-based field effect transistor (FET) requires two gates to create a band gap and tune channel's conductance individually. Using first principle calculations, we propose an alternative scheme to open a band gap in ABC-stacked FLG namely via single-side adsorption. The band gap is generally proportional to the charge transfer density. The capability to open a band gap of metal adsorption decreases in this order: K/Al > Cu/Ag/Au > Pt. Moreover, we find that even the band gap of ABA-stacked FLG can be opened if the bond symmetry is broken. Finally, a single-gated FET based on Cu-adsorbed ABC-stacked trilayer graphene is simulated. A clear transmission gap is observed, which is comparable with the band gap. This renders metal-adsorbed FLG a promising channel in a single-gated FET device.
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27
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Effect of Magnetic Field on the Growth of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Using a Metal Free Arc Discharge Method and their Purification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.201.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized using a low cost arc discharge method without using metal catalyst and vacuum devices. Effect of magnetic field on the synthesis of MWCNTs and their purity has been scrutinized. A magnetic field of 310 gauss has been found to give better purity of carbon nanotubes as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. However, the removal of amorphous carbon from the surface of so prepared multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been achieved by different oxidizing conditions. It has been observed that the maximum removal of amorphous carbon found by using the strong oxidizing agent HNO3/H2O2. This strong oxidizing agent HNO3/H2O2 removes most of the carbonaceous impurities leading to thermal stability of carbon nanotubes suggested by thermo gravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction show the formation of carbon nanotubes having a peak indexed at (002) as the fingerprint for multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the formation of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes showing a characteristic stretching band at 1615 cm-1 corresponding to the C=C bonds of tubular carbon. Raman spectroscopy revealed invaluable insights into the purification of nanotubes. G-band (1577 cm-1) corresponds to the confirmation of MWCNTs. Defect induced D-band (1355 cm-1) has been minimized after purifying CNTs with HNO3/H2O2 for 24 hrs. Transmission Electron microscopic (TEM) studies indicate the formation of CNTs with controlled alignment having diameter in the range 2-8 nm.
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28
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Latham CD, Heggie MI, Alatalo M, Oberg S, Briddon PR. The contribution made by lattice vacancies to the Wigner effect in radiation-damaged graphite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:135403. [PMID: 23470497 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/13/135403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Models for radiation damage in graphite are reviewed and compared, leading to a re-examination of the contribution made by vacancies to annealing processes. A method based on density functional theory, using large supercells with orthorhombic and hexagonal symmetry, is employed to calculate the properties and behaviour of lattice vacancies and displacement defects. It is concluded that annihilation of intimate Frenkel defects marks the onset of recovery in electrical resistivity, which occurs when the temperature exceeds about 160 K. The migration of isolated monovacancies is estimated to have an activation energy of E(a) ≈ 1.1 eV. Coalescence into divacancy defects occurs in several stages, with different barriers at each stage, depending on the path. The formation of pairs ultimately yields up to 8.9 eV energy, which is nearly 1.0 eV more than the formation energy for an isolated monovacancy. Processes resulting in vacancy coalescence and annihilation appear to be responsible for the main Wigner energy release peak in radiation-damaged graphite, occurring at about 475 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Latham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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29
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Dappe YJ, Bolcatto PG, Ortega J, Flores F. Dynamical screening of the van der Waals interaction between graphene layers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:424208. [PMID: 23032606 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/42/424208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between graphene layers is analyzed combining local orbital DFT and second order perturbation theory. For this purpose we use the linear combination of atomic orbitals-orbital occupancy (LCAO-OO) formalism, that allows us to separate the interaction energy as the sum of a weak chemical interaction between graphene layers plus the van der Waals interaction (Dappe et al 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 205434). In this work, the weak chemical interaction is calculated by means of corrected-LDA calculations using an atomic-like sp(3)d(5) basis set. The van der Waals interaction is calculated by means of second order perturbation theory using an atom-atom interaction approximation and the atomic-like-orbital occupancies. We also analyze the effect of dynamical screening in the van der Waals interaction using a simple model. We find that this dynamical screening reduces by 40% the van der Waals interaction. Taking this effect into account, we obtain a graphene-graphene interaction energy of 70 ± 5 meV/atom in reasonable agreement with the experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Dappe
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, URA CNRS 2464, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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30
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Zheng Q, Luo G, Liu Q, Quhe R, Zheng J, Tang K, Gao Z, Nagase S, Lu J. Structural and electronic properties of bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3990-3996. [PMID: 22677896 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr12026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated by the recent experimental synthesis of a new layered carbon allotrope-graphdiyne film, we provide the first systematic ab initio investigation of the structural and electronic properties of bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne and explore the possibility of tuning the energy gap via a homogeneous perpendicular electric field. Our results show that the most stable bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne both have their hexagonal carbon rings stacked in a Bernal way (AB and ABA style configuration, respectively). Bilayer graphdiyne with the most and the second most stable stacking arrangements have direct bandgaps of 0.35 eV and 0.14 eV, respectively; trilayer graphdiyne with stable stacking styles have bandgaps of 0.18-0.33 eV. The bandgaps of the semiconducting bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne generally decrease with increasing external vertical electric field, irrespective of the stacking style. Therefore, the possibility of tuning the electronic structure and optical absorption of bilayer and trilayer graphdiyne with an external electric field is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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31
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Cooper VR, Ihm Y, Morris JR. Hydrogen Adsorption at the Graphene Surface: A vdW-DF Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Xu X, Dubuisson E, Bao Q, Lu J, Loh KP. Electrochemical delamination of CVD-grown graphene film: toward the recyclable use of copper catalyst. ACS NANO 2011; 5:9927-33. [PMID: 22034835 DOI: 10.1021/nn203700w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The separation of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene from the metallic catalyst it is grown on, followed by a subsequent transfer to a dielectric substrate, is currently the adopted method for device fabrication. Most transfer techniques use a chemical etching method to dissolve the metal catalysts, thus imposing high material cost in large-scale fabrication. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient, nondestructive electrochemical route for the delamination of CVD graphene film from metal surfaces. The electrochemically delaminated graphene films are continuous over 95% of the surface and exhibit increasingly better electronic quality after several growth cycles on the reused copper catalyst, due to the suppression of quasi-periodical nanoripples induced by copper step edges. The electrochemical delamination process affords the advantages of high efficiency, low-cost recyclability, and minimal use of etching chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
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33
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Ranjbartoreh AR, Wang G. Effect of Topological Defects on Buckling Behavior of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:28. [PMID: 27502651 PMCID: PMC3211344 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamic simulation method has been employed to consider the critical buckling force, pressure, and strain of pristine and defected single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) under axial compression. Effects of length, radius, chirality, Stone-Wales (SW) defect, and single vacancy (SV) defect on buckling behavior of SWCNTs have been studied. Obtained results indicate that axial stability of SWCNT reduces significantly due to topological defects. Critical buckling strain is more susceptible to defects than critical buckling force. Both SW and SV defects decrease the buckling mode of SWCNT. Comparative approach of this study leads to more reliable design of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Ranjbartoreh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Office 3. 29, Building 4, Harris St, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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34
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On the difference in cycling behaviors of lithium-ion battery cell between the ethylene carbonate- and propylene carbonate-based electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Hartwigsen C, Witschel W, Spohr E. Ab initio study of structural properties of stage-1 alkali graphite intercalation compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, Tsu R. Binding graphene sheets together using silicon: graphene/silicon superlattice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2010; 5:805-808. [PMID: 20672119 PMCID: PMC2893836 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We propose a superlattice consisting of graphene and monolayer thick Si sheets and investigate it using a first-principles density functional theory. The Si layer is found to not only strengthen the interlayer binding between the graphene sheets compared to that in graphite, but also inject electrons into graphene, yet without altering the most unique property of graphene: the Dirac fermion-like electronic structure. The superlattice approach represents a new direction for exploring basic science and applications of graphene-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Optoelectronics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
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37
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Sa B, Miao N, Zhou J, Sun Z, Ahuja R. Ab initio study of the structure and chemical bonding of stable Ge3Sb2Te6. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1585-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b920990e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Ershova OV, Lillestolen TC, Bichoutskaia E. Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on graphene using density functional theory with empirical dispersion correction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6483-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c000370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alzahrani AZ, Srivastava GP. Gradual changes in electronic properties from graphene to graphite: first-principles calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:495503. [PMID: 21836199 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/49/495503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Calculations based on the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method and density functional theory are performed to investigate the electronic properties of graphene, bilayer graphene, multilayer graphene, and graphite. From an analysis of the electronic band structure close to the Fermi level, we have quantified the gradual change in the Fermi surface topology from the point-like structure for graphene to a warped triangular shape for graphite. We have also discussed the gradual change in the electron and hole effective masses and velocities as the system evolves from graphene to graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Alzahrani
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
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40
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Boukhvalov DW, Katsnelson MI. Chemical functionalization of graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:344205. [PMID: 21715780 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/34/344205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical results on chemical functionalization of graphene are reviewed. Using hydrogenated graphene as a model system, general principles of the chemical functionalization are formulated and discussed. It is shown that, as a rule, 100% coverage of graphene by complex functional groups (in contrast with hydrogen and fluorine) is unreachable. A possible destruction of graphene nanoribbons by fluorine is considered. The functionalization of infinite graphene and graphene nanoribbons by oxygen and by hydrofluoric acid is simulated step by step.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Boukhvalov
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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41
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Sammalkorpi M, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Haataja M. Structure and Dynamics of Surfactant and Hydrocarbon Aggregates on Graphite: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2915-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077636y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Athanassios Z. Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544
| | - Mikko Haataja
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544
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42
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Huang J, Kertesz M. Validation of intermolecular transfer integral and bandwidth calculations for organic molecular materials. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:234707. [PMID: 16008473 DOI: 10.1063/1.1925611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an interpretation of the intermolecular transfer integral that is independent from the origin of the energy scale allowing convergence studies of this important parameter of organic molecular materials. We present extensive numerical studies by using an ethylene pi dimer to investigate the dependence of transfer integrals on the level of theory and intermolecular packing. Transfer integrals obtained from semiempirical calculations differ substantially from one another and from ab initio results. The ab initio results are consistent across all the levels used including Hartree-Fock, outer valence Green's function, and various forms of density functional theory (DFT). Validation of transfer integrals and bandwidths is performed by comparing the calculated values with the experimental values of tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ), bis[1,2,5]thiadiazolo-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole), (BTQBT) K-TCNQ, and hexagonal graphite. DFT in one of its presently popular forms, such as Perdew-Wang functionals (PW91), in combination with sufficient basis sets provides reliable transfer integrals, and therefore can serve as a basis for energy band calculations for soft organic materials with van der Waals gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1227, USA
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43
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Tournus F, Charlier JC, Mélinon P. Mutual orientation of two C60 molecules: An ab initio study. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094315. [PMID: 15836136 DOI: 10.1063/1.1855884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The orientational dependence of the interaction between two C(60) molecules is investigated using ab initio calculations. The binding energy, computed within density functional theory in the local density approximation, is substantially smaller than the one derived from the experimental heat of sublimation of fullerite, which calls into question the nature of inter-C(60) bonding. According to our calculations, the experimentally observed orientation with a C(60) presenting a hexagon-hexagon bond to a pentagonal face of the other C(60) is not really favored. Some other configurations are very close in energy and in fact a pentagon facing a pentagon and a hexagon facing a hexagon-hexagon bond are found to be slightly more favorable situations. Our results are compared to previous ones obtained either with previous empirical intermolecular potentials or to existing ab initio studies of crystalline C(60). In addition, the stacking of C(60) in a crystal and in a decahedral (C(60))(7) cluster is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Tournus
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée et Nanostructures, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Hembacher S, Giessibl FJ, Mannhart J, Quate CF. Local spectroscopy and atomic imaging of tunneling current, forces, and dissipation on graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:056101. [PMID: 15783662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that the currents in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and the attractive forces measured in atomic force microscopy (AFM) are directly related. Atomic images obtained in an attractive AFM mode should therefore be redundant because they should be similar to STM. Here, we show that while the distance dependence of current and force is similar for graphite, constant-height AFM and STM images differ substantially depending on the distance and bias voltage. We perform spectroscopy of the tunneling current, the frequency shift, and the damping signal at high-symmetry lattice sites of the graphite (0001) surface. The dissipation signal is about twice as sensitive to distance as the frequency shift, explained by the Prandtl-Tomlinson model of atomic friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hembacher
- Institute of Physics, Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Experimentalphysik VI, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
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Bourlon B, Miko C, Forró L, Glattli DC, Bachtold A. Determination of the intershell conductance in multiwalled carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:176806. [PMID: 15525107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.176806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the intershell electron transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). To do this, local and nonlocal four-point measurements are used to study the current path through the different shells of a MWNT. For short electrode separations less, similar 1 mum the current mainly flows through the two outer shells, described by a resistive transmission line with an intershell conductance per length of approximately (10 kOmega)(-1)/microm. The intershell transport is tunnel type and the transmission is consistent with the estimate based on the overlap between pi orbitals of neighboring shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bourlon
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris 05, France
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47
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Yim WL, Byl O, Yates JT, Johnson JK. Vibrational behavior of adsorbed CO2 on single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:5377-86. [PMID: 15267411 DOI: 10.1063/1.1648017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present theoretical and experimental evidence for CO(2) adsorption on different sites of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles. We use local density approximation density functional theory (LDA-DFT) calculations to compute the adsorption energies and vibrational frequencies for CO(2) adsorbed on SWNT bundles. The LDA-DFT calculations give a range of shifts for the asymmetric stretching mode from about -6 to -20 cm(-1) for internally bound CO(2), and a range from -4 to -16 cm(-1) for externally bound CO(2) at low densities. The magnitude of the shift is larger for CO(2) adsorbed parallel to the SWNT surface; various perpendicular configurations yield much smaller theoretical shifts. The asymmetric stretching mode for CO(2) adsorbed in groove sites and interstitial sites exhibits calculated shifts of -22.2 and -23.8 cm(-1), respectively. The calculations show that vibrational mode softening is due to three effects: (1) dynamic image charges in the nanotube; (2) the confining effect of the adsorption potential; (3) dynamic dipole coupling with other adsorbate molecules. Infrared measurements indicate that two families of CO(2) adsorption sites are present. One family, exhibiting a shift of about -20 cm(-1) is assigned to internally bound CO(2) molecules in a parallel configuration. This type of CO(2) is readily displaced by Xe, a test for densely populated adsorbed species, which are expected to be present on the highest adsorption energy sites in the interior of the nanotubes. The second family exhibits a shift of about -7 cm(-1) and the site location and configuration for these species is ambiguous, based on comparison with the theoretical shifts. The population of the internally bound CO(2) may be enhanced by established etching procedures that open the entry ports for adsorption, namely, ozone oxidation followed by annealing in vacuum at 873 K. Xenon displacement experiments indicate that internally bound CO(2) is preferentially displaced relative to the -7 cm(-1) shifted species. The -7 cm(-1) shifted species is assigned to CO(2) adsorbed on the external surface based on results from etching and Xe displacement experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Leung Yim
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Marinopoulos AG, Reining L, Olevano V, Rubio A, Pichler T, Liu X, Knupfer M, Fink J. Anisotropy and interplane interactions in the dielectric response of graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:076402. [PMID: 12190537 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.076402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We determined the anisotropic dielectric response of graphite by means of time-dependent density-functional theory and high-resolution valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The calculated loss function was in very good agreement with the experiment for a wide range of momentum-transfer orientations with respect to the graphitic basal planes, provided that local-field effects were included in the response. The calculations also showed strong effects of the interlayer Coulomb interaction on the total pi+sigma plasmon. This finding must be taken into account for the explanation of recent loss spectra of carbon nanotube materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Marinopoulos
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, UMR 7642 CNRS/CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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Arellano JS, Molina LM, Rubio A, López MJ, Alonso JA. Interaction of molecular and atomic hydrogen with (5,5) and (6,6) single-wall carbon nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1488595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Matar SF, Mattesini M. Ab initio search of carbon nitrides, isoelectronic with diamond, likely to lead to new ultra hard materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-1609(01)01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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