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Wang H, Ding P, Xia GJ, Zhao X, E W, Yu M, Ma Z, Wang YG, Wang LS, Li J, Yang X. Formation of Supernarrow Borophene Nanoribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406535. [PMID: 38652809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Borophenes have sparked considerable interest owing to their fascinating physical characteristics and diverse polymorphism. However, borophene nanoribbons (BNRs) with widths less than 2 nm have not been achieved. Herein, we report the experimental realization of supernarrow BNRs. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy imaging with density functional theory modeling and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that, under the applied growth conditions, boron atoms can penetrate the outermost layer of Au(111) and form BNRs composed of a pair of zigzag (2,2) boron rows. The BNRs have a width self-contained to ∼1 nm and dipoles at the edges to keep them separated. They are embedded in the outermost Au layer and shielded on top by the evacuated Au atoms, free of the need for post-passivation. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals distinct edge states, primarily attributed to the localized spin at the BNRs' zigzag edges. This work adds a new member to the boron material family and introduces a new physical feature to borophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CHINA
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Guang-Jie Xia
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xiangyun Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CHINA
| | - Wenlong E
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CHINA
| | - Miao Yu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 92 Xidazhi St., 150001, Harbin, CHINA
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CHINA
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Brown University, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Jun Li
- Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xueming Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, CHINA
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2
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Aditya T, Moitra P, Alafeef M, Skrodzki D, Pan D. Chiral Induction in 2D Borophene Nanoplatelets through Stereoselective Boron-Sulfur Conjugation. ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38651695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is a structural metric that connects biological and abiological forms of matter. Although much progress has been made in understanding the chemistry and physics of chiral inorganic nanoparticles over the past decade, almost nothing is known about chiral two-dimensional (2D) borophene nanoplatelets and their influence on complex biological networks. Borophene's polymorphic nature, derived from the bonding configurations among boron atoms, distinguishes it from other 2D materials and allows for further customization of its material properties. In this study, we describe a synthetic methodology for producing chiral 2D borophene nanoplatelets applicable to a variety of structural polymorphs. Using this methodology, we demonstrate feasibility of top-down synthesis of chiral χ3 and β12 phases of borophene nanoplatelets via interaction with chiral amino acids. The chiral nanoplatelets were physicochemically characterized extensively by various techniques. Results indicated that the thiol presenting amino acids, i.e., cysteine, coordinates with borophene in a site-selective manner, depending on its handedness through boron-sulfur conjugation. The observation has been validated by circular dichroism, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 11B NMR studies. To understand how chiral nanoplatelets interact with biological systems, mammalian cell lines were exposed to them. Results showed that the achiral as well as the left- and right-handed biomimetic χ3 and β12 borophene nanoplatelets have distinct interaction with the cellular membrane, and their internalization pathway differs with their chirality. By engineering optical, physical, and chemical properties, these chiral 2D nanomaterials could be applied successfully to tuning complex biological events and find applications in photonics, sensing, catalysis, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Maha Alafeef
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - David Skrodzki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Hembram KPSS, Park J, Lee J. Unraveling the Mechanism of Doping Borophene. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300121. [PMID: 37988694 PMCID: PMC10924041 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We elucidate the doping mechanism of suitable elements into borophene with first-principles density functional theory calculation. During doping with nitrogen (N), the sp2 orbitals are responsible for arranging themselves to accommodate the electron of the N atom. Doping dramatically changes structure and electronic properties from corrugated and metallic borophene to flat and insulating h-BN with 100 % N-doping. We extend the mechanism of N-doping in borophene to doping of non-metallic and metallic ad-atoms on borophene. Our findings will help to design boron-based 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeongwon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Ottawa, OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
- Department of Electrical & Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaRenoNV, 89557USA
| | - Jae‐Kap Lee
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
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4
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Sharma A, Rangra VS. Hydrogenation driven ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity in β12borophene. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:205704. [PMID: 38335552 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Borophene gathered large interest owing to its polymorphism and intriguing properties such as Dirac point, inherent metallicity, etc but oxidation limits its capabilities. Hydrogenated borophene was recently synthesised experimentally to harness its applications. Motivated by experimental work, in this paper, using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory, we study the freestandingβ12borophene nanosheet doped and functionalised with hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), and carbon (C) atoms at differentβ12lattice sites. Among all possible configurations, we screen two stable candidates, pristine and hydrogenatedβ12borophene nanosheets. Both nanosheets possess dynamic and mechanical stability while the hydrogenated sheet has different anisotropic metallicity compared to pristine sheet leading to enhancement in brittle behaviour. Electronic structure calculations reveal that both nanosheets host Dirac cones (DCs), while hydrogenation leads to shift and enhancement in tilt of the DCs. Further hydrogenation leads to the appearance of additional Fermi pockets in the Fermi surface. Transport calculations reveals that the lattice thermal conductivity changes from 12.51 to 0.22 W m-1 K-1(along armchair direction) and from 4.42 to 0.07 W m-1 K-1(along zigzag direction) upon hydrogenation at room temperature (300 K), demonstrating a large reduction by two orders of magnitude. Such reduction is mainly attributed to decreased phonon mean free path and relaxation time along with the enhanced phonon scattering rates stemming from high frequency phonon flat modes in hydrogenated nanosheet. Comparatively larger weighted phase space leads to increased anharmonic scattering in hydrogenated nanosheet contributing to ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity. Consequently, hydrogenatedβ12nanosheet exhibits a comparatively higher thermoelectric figure of merit (∼0.75) at room temperature along armchair direction. Our study demonstrates the effects of functionalisation on transport properties of freestandingβ12borophene nanosheets which can be utilised to enhance the thermoelectric performance in two-dimensional (2D) systems and expand the applications of boron-based 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005, India
| | - Vir Singh Rangra
- Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005, India
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Li Z, Guan X, Pandey G, Chahal S, Bandyopadhyay A, Awasthi K, Kumar P, Vinu A. Microwave Doping of Sulfur and Iron in β 12 Borophene. Small 2024:e2307610. [PMID: 38342695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Borophene, a 2D material exhibiting unique crystallographic phases like the anisotropic atomic lattices of β12 and X3 phases, has attracted considerable attention due to its intriguing Dirac nature and metallic attributes. Despite surpassing graphene in electronic mobility, borophene's potential in energy storage and catalysis remains untapped due to its inherent electrochemical and catalytic limitations. Elemental doping emerges as a promising strategy to introduce charge carriers, enabling localized electrochemical and catalytic functionalities. However, effective doping of borophene has been a complex and underexplored challenge. Here, an innovative, one-pot microwave-assisted doping method, tailored for the β12 phase of borophene is introduced. By subjecting dispersed β12 borophene in dimethylformamide to controlled microwave exposure with sulfur powder and FeCl3 as doping precursors, S- and Fe doping in borophene can be controlled. Employing advanced techniques including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirm successful sulfur and iron dopant incorporation onto β12 borophene is confirmed, achieving doping levels of up to 11 % and 13 %, respectively. Remarkably, S- and Fe-doped borophene exhibit exceptional supercapacitive behavior, with specific capacitances of 202 and 120 F g-1 , respectively, at a moderate current density of 0.25 A g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Li
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jhalana Gram, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Sumit Chahal
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Hyderabad, Telangalana, 502285, India
| | - Arkamita Bandyopadhyay
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kamalendra Awasthi
- Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jhalana Gram, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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6
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Qiu L, Mu Y, Kim SY, Ding F. Self-Termination of Borophene Edges. JACS Au 2024; 4:116-124. [PMID: 38274266 PMCID: PMC10806783 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to boron's unique bonding nature, planar boron materials, including borophenes, boron nanoclusters, and nanoribbons, show very puzzling features, especially the superior stability of the free-standing planar boron edges. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the bonding configurations of various edges of borophene. Because of the flexibility of forming either three-center two-electron (3c-2e) or two-center two-electron bonds (2c-2e), an edge of borophene tends to be self-terminated by adopting a different bonding configuration at the edge from that in bulk. Among various borophene edge types, the double-chain-terminated flat edge is found to be significantly stable. As a consequence, we found that the double- and triple-chain borophene nanoribbons with a triangular lattice and wider ribbons with hexagonal holes in the central area are more stable than the quadruple-chain borophene nanoribbon. This study greatly deepens our understanding of the bonding configurations, electronic properties, and stabilities of planar boron nanostructures and paves the way for the rational design and synthesis of various boron materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National
Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National
Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuewen Mu
- Key
Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi
Province and Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
| | - Sung Youb Kim
- Graduate
School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National
Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National
Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Shenzhen
Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University
Town, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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7
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Kamal S, Seo I, Bampoulis P, Jugovac M, Brondin CA, Menteş TO, Šarić Janković I, Matetskiy AV, Moras P, Sheverdyaeva PM, Michely T, Locatelli A, Gohda Y, Kralj M, Petrović M. Unidirectional Nano-modulated Binding and Electron Scattering in Epitaxial Borophene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 38041641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A complex interplay between the crystal structure and the electron behavior within borophene renders this material an intriguing 2D system, with many of its electronic properties still undiscovered. Experimental insight into those properties is additionally hampered by the limited capabilities of the established synthesis methods, which, in turn, inhibits the realization of potential borophene applications. In this multimethod study, photoemission spectroscopies and scanning probe techniques complemented by theoretical calculations have been used to investigate the electronic characteristics of a high-coverage, single-layer borophene on the Ir(111) substrate. Our results show that the binding of borophene to Ir(111) exhibits pronounced one-dimensional modulation and transforms borophene into a nanograting. The scattering of photoelectrons from this structural grating gives rise to the replication of the electronic bands. In addition, the binding modulation is reflected in the chemical reactivity of borophene and gives rise to its inhomogeneous aging effect. Such aging is easily reset by dissolving boron atoms in iridium at high temperature, followed by their reassembly into a fresh atomically thin borophene mesh. Besides proving electron-grating capabilities of the boron monolayer, our data provide comprehensive insight into the electronic properties of epitaxial borophene which is vital for further examination of other boron systems of reduced dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Kamal
- Centre for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Insung Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Pantelis Bampoulis
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Jugovac
- Elettra─Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Brondin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Tevfik Onur Menteş
- Elettra─Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iva Šarić Janković
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Andrey V Matetskiy
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Moras
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Polina M Sheverdyaeva
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Michely
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Locatelli
- Elettra─Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yoshihiro Gohda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Marko Kralj
- Centre for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Petrović
- Centre for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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He J, Yu C, Lu S, Shan S, Zhang Z, Chen J. Complex role of strain engineering of lattice thermal conductivity in hydrogenated graphene-like borophene induced by high-order phonon anharmonicity. Nanotechnology 2023; 35:025703. [PMID: 37804826 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering has been used as a versatile tool for regulating the thermal transport in various materials as a result of the phonon frequency shift. On the other hand, the phononic bandgap can be simultaneously tuned by the strain, which can play a critical role in wide phononic bandgap materials due to the high-order phonon anharmonicity. In this work, we investigate the complex role of uniaxial tensile strain on the lattice thermal conductivity of hydrogenated graphene-like borophene, by using molecular dynamics simulations with a machine learning potential. Our findings highlight a novel and intriguing phenomenon that the thermal conductivity in the armchair direction is non-monotonically dependent on the uniaxial armchair strain. Specifically, we uncover that the increase of phonon group velocity and the decrease of three-phonon scattering compete with the enhancement of four-phonon scattering under armchair strain, leading to the non-monotonic dependence. The enhanced four-phonon scattering originates from the unique bridged B-H bond that can sensitively control the phononic bandgap under armchair strain. This anomalous non-monotonic strain-dependence highlights the complex interplay between different mechanisms governing thermal transport in 2D materials with large phononic bandgaps. Our study offers valuable insights for designing innovative thermal management strategies based on strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqian Yu
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Shan
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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9
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Çiftçi NO, Şentürk SB, Sezen Y, Kaykusuz SÜ, Long H, Ergen O. Controllable synthesis of borophene aerogels by utilizing h-BN layers for high-performance next-generation batteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307537120. [PMID: 37812711 PMCID: PMC10589658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307537120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Borophene is emerging as a promising electrode material for Li, Na, Mg, and Ca ion batteries due to its anisotropic Dirac properties, high charge capacity, and low energy barrier for ion diffusion. However, practical synthesis of active and stable borophene remains challenging in producing electrochemical devices. Here, we introduce a method for borophene aerogels (BoAs), utilizing hexagonal boron nitride aerogels. Borophene grows between h-BN layers utilizing boron-boron bridges, as a nucleation site, where borophene forms monolayers mixed with sp2-sp3 hybridization. This versatile method produces stable BoAs and is compatible with various battery chemistries. With these BoAs, we accomplish an important milestone to successfully fabricate high-performance next-generation batteries, including Na-ion (478 mAh g-1, at 0.5C, >300 cycles), Mg-ion (297 mAh g-1, at 0.5C, >300 cycles), and Ca-ion (332 mAh g-1, at 0.5C, >400 cycles), and Li-S batteries, with one of the highest capacities to date (1,559 mAh g-1, at 0.3C, >1,000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyazi Okan Çiftçi
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul34469, Turkey
- Next-Ion-Energy Inc., Yuba City, CA95991
| | - Sevil Berrak Şentürk
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul34469, Turkey
| | - Yaren Sezen
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul34469, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Üstün Kaykusuz
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul34469, Turkey
| | - Hu Long
- Next-Ion-Energy Inc., Yuba City, CA95991
| | - Onur Ergen
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul34469, Turkey
- Next-Ion-Energy Inc., Yuba City, CA95991
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
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10
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Li Z, Xue Y, Yao Q, Zhao B, Xu W, Yang Z. A new type of stable borophene with flat-band-induced magnetism. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:505701. [PMID: 37567160 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acef2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a new type of thermally and dynamically stable magnetic borophene (B11) with a tetragonal lattice. The magnetism is found coming from spin polarization of one bonding flat band located at the Fermi level. Despite of the 'anti-molecular' behavior in the monolayer, the interactions between thepzorbitals of the B atoms in the double-octahedron structural unit lead to the formation of the flat bands with localization behaviors. One tight binding model is built to comprehend the magnetic mechanism, which can guide us to tune other nonmagnetic borophene becoming magnetic. Biaxial tensile strain (>2.1%) is found triggering a phase transition from a semimetal to a semiconductor in the B11monolayer. The mechanism is analyzed based on the orbital-resolved crystal field effect. Our work provides a new route for designing and achieving two-dimensional magnetic materials with light elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xue
- School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhao
- School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (MOE) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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11
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Omambac KM, Kriegel MA, Petrović M, Finke B, Brand C, Meyer Zu Heringdorf FJ, Horn-von Hoegen M. Interplay of Kinetic Limitations and Disintegration: Selective Growth of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Borophene Monolayers on Metal Substrates. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17946-17955. [PMID: 37676975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The CVD growth of bielemental 2D-materials by using molecular precursors involves complex formation kinetics taking place at the surface and sometimes also subsurface regions of the substrate. Competing microscopic processes fundamentally limit the parameter space for optimal growth of the desired material. Kinetic limitations for diffusion and nucleation cause a high density of small domains and grain boundaries. These are usually overcome by increasing the growth temperature and decreasing the growth rate. In contrast, the nature of molecular precursors with limited thermal stability can result in dissociation and preferential desorption, leading to an undesired or ill-defined composition of the 2D-material. Here we demonstrate these constraints in a combined low-energy electron diffraction and low-energy electron microscopy study by examining the selective formation of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and borophene on Ir(111) using a borazine precursor. We derive a temperature-pressure phase diagram and apply classical nucleation theory to describe our results. By considering the competing processes, we find an optimum growth temperature for hBN of 950 °C. At lower temperatures, the hBN island density is increased, while at higher temperatures the precursor disintegrates and borophene is formed. Our results introduce an additional aspect that must be considered in any high-temperature growth of bielemental 2D-materials from single molecular precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Omambac
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marko A Kriegel
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marin Petrović
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Birk Finke
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Brand
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Frank J Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Michael Horn-von Hoegen
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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12
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Duan JX, Tian YP, Wang CB, Zhang LL. First-Principles Study of χ 3- Borophene as a Candidate for Gas Sensing and the Removal of Harmful Gases. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2117. [PMID: 37513128 PMCID: PMC10385233 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential application of borophene as a sensing material for gas-sensing devices is investigated in this work. We utilize density functional theory (DFT) to systematically study the adsorption mechanism and sensing performance of χ3-borophene to search for high-sensitivity sensors for minor pollutant gases. We compare the results to those for two Pmmn borophenes. The first-principles calculations are used to analyze the sensing performance of the three different borophenes (2 Pmmn borophene, 8 Pmmn borophene, and χ3-borophene) on five leading harmful gases (CO, NH3, SO2, H2S, and NO2). The adsorption configuration, adsorption energy, and electronic properties of χ3-borophene are investigated. Our results indicate that the mechanism of adsorption on χ3-borophene is chemisorption for NO2 and physisorption for SO2 and H2S. The mode of adsorption of CO and NH3 on χ3-borophene can be both physisorption and chemisorption, depending on the initially selected sites. Analyses of the charge transfer and density of states show that χ3-borophene is selective toward the adsorption of harmful gases and that N and O atoms form covalent bonds when chemisorbed on the surface of χ3-borophene. An interesting phenomenon is that when 8 Pmmn borophene adsorbs SO2, the gas molecules are dismembered and strongly adsorb on the surface of 8 Pmmn borophene, which provides a way of generating O2 while adsorbing harmful substances. Overall, the results of this work demonstrate the potential applications of borophene as a sensing material for harmful gas sensing or removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Duan
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tian
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chao-Bo Wang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lian-Lian Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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13
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Srivastava A, Dkhar DS, Singh N, Azad UP, Chandra P. Exploring the Potential Applications of Engineered Borophene in Nanobiosensing and Theranostics. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:740. [PMID: 37504138 PMCID: PMC10377427 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A monolayer of boron known as borophene has emerged as a novel and fascinating two-dimensional (2D) material with exceptional features, such as anisotropic metallic behavior and supple mechanical and optical capabilities. The engineering of smart functionalized opto-electric 2D materials is essential to obtain biosensors or biodevices of desired performance. Borophene is one of the most emerging 2D materials, and owing to its excellent electroactive surface area, high electron transport, anisotropic behavior, controllable optical and electrochemical properties, ability to be deposited on thin films, and potential to create surface functionalities, it has recently become one of the sophisticated platforms. Despite the difficulty of production, borophene may be immobilized utilizing chemistries, be functionalized on a flexible substrate, and be controlled over electro-optical properties to create a highly sensitive biosensor system that could be used for point-of-care diagnostics. Its electrochemical properties can be tailored by using appropriate nanomaterials, redox mediators, conducting polymers, etc., which will be quite useful for the detection of biomolecules at even trace levels with a high sensitivity and less detection time. This will be quite helpful in developing biosensing devices with a very high sensitivity and with less response time. So, this review will be a crucial foundation as we have discussed the basic properties, synthesis, and potential applications of borophene in nanobiosensing, as well as therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Daphika S Dkhar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nandita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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14
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Xiao K, Li J, Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhao W. Dynamically Adjusting Borophene-Based Plasmon-Induced Transparency in a Polymer-Separated Hybrid System for Broadband-Tunable Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3060. [PMID: 37514448 PMCID: PMC10386136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Borophene, an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material platform, is capable of supporting highly confined plasmonic modes in the visible and near-infrared wavebands. This provides a novel building block for light manipulation at the deep subwavelength scale, thus making it well-suited for designing ultracompact optical devices. Here, we theoretically explore a borophene-based plasmonic hybrid system comprising a continuous borophene monolayer (CBM) and sodium nanostrip gratings (SNGs), separated by a polymer spacer layer. In such a structure, a dynamically tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect can be achieved by strongly coupling dark and bright plasmonic modes, while actively controlling borophene. Here, the bright mode is generated through the localized plasmon resonance of SNGs when directly excited by TM-polarized incident light. Meanwhile, the dark mode corresponds to a propagating borophene surface plasmon (BSP) mode in the CBM waveguide, which cannot be directly excited, but requires phase matching with the assistance of SNGs. The thickness of the polymer layer has a significant impact on the coupling strength of the two modes. Owing to the BSP mode, highly sensitive to variations in the ambient refractive index (RI), this borophene-based hybrid system exhibits a good RI-sensing performance (643.8 nm/RIU) associated with a wide range of dynamically adjustable wavebands (1420-2150 nm) by tuning the electron density of borophene. This work offers a novel concept for designing active plasmonic sensors dependent on electrically gating borophene, which has promising applications in next-generation point-of-care (PoC) biomedical diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junming Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiren Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Song J, Cao Y, Dong J, Sun M. Superior Thermoelectric Properties of Twist-Angle Superlattice Borophene Induced by Interlayer Electrons Transport. Small 2023:e2301348. [PMID: 36919623 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the energy bands, interlayer interactions and thermoelectric effects of twisted bilayer borophene (TBB) synthesized on Ag (111) are studied theoretically. The results manifest the advantages of twistronics, where the high electrical conductivity and the large Seebeck coefficient are regulated to the same range, which lead to the significantly increase of figure of merit ZT than that of bilayer borophene (BB) without twist, where the BB without twist is successfully synthesized on Ag (111) film is recently experimental report [Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 35]. For the TBB synthesized of on Ag (111) film, theoretical analysis demonstrates that TBB and Ag are relatively strongly coupled, and TBB becomes a metallic 2D material, where the top and bottom borophene layers are semiconducting and metallic, respectively. TBB exhibits excellent thermoelectric efficiency due to the charge transfer bonding between the layers, less electron localization, and the regulation of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and ZT at the same region of chemical potential and the same temperature by twistronics. The structure-property relationship offers the possibility of applying TBB in thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Song
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dong
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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16
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Guan X, Kumar P, Li Z, Tran TKA, Chahal S, Lei Z, Huang C, Lin C, Huang J, Hu L, Chang Y, Wang L, Britto JSJ, Panneerselvan L, Chu D, Wu T, Karakoti A, Yi J, Vinu A. Borophene Embedded Cellulose Paper for Enhanced Photothermal Water Evaporation and Prompt Bacterial Killing. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205809. [PMID: 36698305 PMCID: PMC9982542 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photothermal water evaporation is considered an elegant and sustainable technology for freshwater production. The existing systems, however, often suffer from poor stability and biofouling issues, which severely hamper their prospects in practical applications. Conventionally, photothermal materials are deposited on the membrane supports via vacuum-assisted filtration or dip-coating methods. Nevertheless, the weak inherent material-membrane interactions frequently lead to poor durability, and the photothermal material layer can be easily peeled off from the hosting substrates or partially dissolved when immersed in water. In the present article, the discovery of the incorporation of borophene into cellulose nanofibers (CNF), enabling excellent environmental stability with a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency of 91.5% and water evaporation rate of 1.45 kg m-2 h-1 under simulated sunlight is reported. It is also demonstrated that borophene papers can be employed as an excellent active photothermal material for eliminating almost 100% of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria within 20 min under three sun irradiations. The result opens a new direction for the design of borophene-based papers with unique photothermal properties which can be used for the effective treatment of a wide range of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology PatnaBihta CampusPatna801106India
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Tran
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Sumit Chahal
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology PatnaBihta CampusPatna801106India
| | - Zhihao Lei
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Chien‐Yu Huang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Chun‐Ho Lin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jing‐Kai Huang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Long Hu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Yuan‐Chih Chang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineeringthe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Li Wang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineeringthe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Jolitta S. J. Britto
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Logeshwaran Panneerselvan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNSW2052Australia
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong999077China
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN)College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE)The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia
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17
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Liang X, Hou C, Wu Z, Wu Z, Tai G. Multilayer α'-4H- borophene growth on gallium arsenide towards high-performance near-infrared photodetector. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 36753755 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acba1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer borophene was predicted to have a similar semiconductor property to its monolayer arise from the weak van der Waals interactions between the layers. Besides, multilayer borophene has a higher carrier mobility than monolayer ones, so it is placed great hopes in applications of photoelectric and photovoltaic devices. However, its preparation and application in experiments of multilayer borophene are still lacking. Here, multilayerα'-4H-borophene was synthesized on semiconductingn-type GaAs substrates using NaBH4source as precursor and hydrogen as the carrier gas under controlled temperature and pressure conditions. The experimental results of the borophene are in good agreement with those of its theoretical prediction. The borophene is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.48 eV. To demonstrate the device application potential of the borophene, a near-infrared photodetector composed ofp-type borophene andn-type GaAs was fabricated. The photodetector shows a high photoresponsivity of 0.31 mA·W-1, a high specific detectivity of108Jones, and a fast response or recovery speed of 117 or 109 ms under the irradiation with the wavelength of 940 nm at zero bias. The results prove that theα'-4H-borophene/GaAs photodetector can show high sensitivity and zero consumption, which is of great value in meeting the appeal of sustainable development of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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18
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Guha S, Kabiraj A, Mahapatra S. Discovery of Clustered-P1 Borophene and Its Application as the Lightest High-Performance Transistor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3182-3191. [PMID: 36622780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional network of boron atoms (borophene) has attracted attention for its ultralow molar mass and remarkable polymorphism. Synthesized polymorphs of borophene (striped, β12, χ3, and honeycomb), so far, are all found to be metallic. Employing a genetic algorithm-based structure searching technique, here we discover an allotrope, clustered-P1, which is located very close to the global energy minimum. Clustered-P1 exhibits a bulk silicon-like band gap (1.08 eV) with symmetric effective masses (∼0.2 m0) for electrons and holes along the transport direction. Phonon dispersion and beyond room-temperature ab initio molecular dynamics studies further confirm its excellent dynamic and structural stability. Since two-dimensional semiconductors are promising silicon alternatives for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology extension, we further investigate the characteristics of clustered-P1-based transistors using self-consistent quantum transport models for channel lengths of 10-3 nm. The performance of these devices has been found to be balanced for p- and n-type transistors and meets the requirements of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS). Our study may aid in the experimental realization of the lightest high-performance transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirsha Guha
- Nano-Scale Device Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Arnab Kabiraj
- Nano-Scale Device Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Santanu Mahapatra
- Nano-Scale Device Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, Bangalore560012, India
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19
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Ibrahim MAA, Mahmoud AHM, Mekhemer GAH, Shawky AM, Soliman MES, Moussa NAM. Adsorption Behavior of Toxic Carbon Dichalcogenides (CX 2; X = O, S, or Se) on β12 Borophene and Pristine Graphene Sheets: A DFT Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12193411. [PMID: 36234539 PMCID: PMC9565509 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of toxic carbon dichalcogenides (CX2; X = O, S, or Se) on β12 borophene (β12) and pristine graphene (GN) sheets was comparatively investigated. Vertical and parallel configurations of CX2⋯β12/GN complexes were studied herein via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Energetic quantities confirmed that the adsorption process in the case of the parallel configuration was more desirable than that in the vertical analog and showed values up to −10.96 kcal/mol. The strength of the CX2⋯β12/GN complexes decreased in the order CSe2 > CS2 > CO2, indicating that β12 and GN sheets showed significant selectivity for the CSe2 molecule with superb potentiality for β12 sheets. Bader charge transfer analysis revealed that the CO2⋯β12/GN complexes in the parallel configuration had the maximum negative charge transfer values, up to −0.0304 e, outlining the electron-donating character of CO2. The CS2 and CSe2 molecules frequently exhibited dual behavior as electron donors in the vertical configuration and acceptors in the parallel one. Band structure results addressed some differences observed for the electronic structures of the pure β12 and GN sheets after the adsorption process, especially in the parallel configuration compared with the vertical one. According to the results of the density of states, new peaks were observed after adsorbing CX2 molecules on the studied 2D sheets. These results form a fundamental basis for future studies pertaining to applications of β12 and GN sheets for detecting toxic carbon dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Amna H. M. Mahmoud
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. H. Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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20
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Liang X, Hao J, Zhang P, Hou C, Tai G. Freestanding α-rhombohedral borophene nanosheets: preparation and memory device application. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:505601. [PMID: 36067735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8f9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Borophene has attracted extensive interests owing to its distinct structural, electronic and optical properties for promising potential applications. However, the structural instability and need of metal substrate for deposition of borophene seriously restrict the exploration of its exceptional physical and chemical properties and further hamper its extensive applications towards high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we reported the synthesis of high-quality freestandingα-rhombohedral borophene nanosheets by a facile probe ultrasonic approach in different organic solvents. The results show that the nanosheets have high-quality in ethanol solution and have an average lateral size of 0.54μm and a thickness of around 1.2 nm. Photoluminescence spectra indicate that a strong quantum confinement effect occurs in the nanosheets, which caused the increase of the band gap from 1.80 eV for boron powders and 2.52 eV for the nanosheets s. A nonvolatile memory device based on the nanosheets mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone was fabricated, which exhibited a good rewriteable nonvolatile memory behavior and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqian Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sun YB, Liu YQ, Zhao X, Wang WW, Dang JS. Nitrogen Electroreduction on Borophene-Supported Atomic and Diatomic Transition Metals: Stability, Activity and Selectivity Improvements via Defect-Engineering. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200930. [PMID: 35906775 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the binding of atomically dispersed transition metals to the perfect and single/double vacancy (SV/DV)-containing defective β12 -borophenes and the catalytic performance of those corresponding single-atom catalysts (SACs) and diatomic catalysts (DACs) for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) by means of density functional theory calculations. Although previous theoretical studies proposed that the inherent hexagon hole of the defect-free β12 -borophene is capable of anchoring single metal atom for NRR, calculations suggested that the interaction between borophene and doped metal is not strong enough to avoid metal aggregation. For the defective β12 -borophene with SV, even though the single metal could be stabilized in an 8-membered ring, it was found that the SAC was still ineffective for NRR because of the competitive hydrogen evolution process. Regarding the DV-containing β12 -borophene, a defective configuration with an unexpected 11-membered hole was proved as the most stable structure, which possessed a very similar average atomic energy (6.25 eV atom-1 ) compared to that of the pristine β12 sheet (6.26 eV atom-1 ). Two metal atoms could be encapsulated into the confined space of the B11 ring. Compared to SACs, those corresponding DACs were more active for N2 fixation and hydrogenation, and the hydrogen evolution reaction could be passivated, attributing to the synergistic effect of dual metal centres. Among all candidates, the V2 /β12 -DV was predicted as the most promising catalyst for NRR, with the limiting potential of as low as -0.15 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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22
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Zhang Z, Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhou M. Research and Application of Terahertz Response Mechanism of Few-Layer Borophene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2702. [PMID: 35957133 PMCID: PMC9370456 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The terahertz stealth and shielding performance of a new type of two-dimensional material, borophene, has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Studies have shown that borophene materials have good terahertz stealth and shielding properties. First-principles calculations show that compared with single-layer borophene, few-layer borophene has good terahertz stealth and shielding performance in the range of 0.1~2.7 THz. In the range of 2~4 layers, the terahertz stealth and shielding performance of few-layer borophene increases with the increase of the number of layers. The finite element simulation calculation results also confirmed this point. Using the few-layer borophene prepared by our research group as a raw material, a PDMS composite was prepared to verify the terahertz stealth and shielding performance of the few-layer borophene. In the ultra-wide frequency range of 0.1~2.7 THz, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the PDMS material mixed with few-layer borophene can reach 50 dB, and the reflection loss (RL) can reach 35 dB. With the concentration of few-layer borophene increasing, the terahertz stealth and shielding effectiveness of the material is enhanced. In addition, the simultaneous mixing of few-layer borophene and few-layer graphene will make the material exhibit better terahertz stealth and shielding performance compared with mixing separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Chen S, Huang S, Wu H, Pan W, Wei S, Peng C, Ni I, Murti BT, Tsai M, Wu C, Yang P. A Facile, Fabric Compatible, and Flexible Borophene Nanocomposites for Self-Powered Smart Assistive and Wound Healing Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201507. [PMID: 35657078 PMCID: PMC9353498 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart fabrics that can harvest ambient energy and provide diverse sensing functionality via triboelectric effects have evoked great interest for next-generation healthcare electronics. Herein, a novel borophene/ecoflex nanocomposite is developed as a promising triboelectric material with tailorability, durability, mechanical stability, and flexibility. The addition of borophene nanosheets enables the borophene/ecoflex nanocomposite to exhibit tunable surface triboelectricity investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The borophene/ecoflex nanocomposite is further fabricated into a fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (B-TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting, medical assistive system, and wound healing applications. The durability of B-TENG provides consistent output performance even after severe deformation treatments, such as folding, stretching, twisting, and washing procedures. Moreover, the B-TENG is integrated into a smart keyboard configuration combined with a robotic system to perform an upper-limb medical assistive interface. Furthermore, the B-TENG is also applied as an active gait phase sensing system for instantaneous lower-limb gait phase visualization. Most importantly, the B-TENG can be regarded as a self-powered in vitro electrical stimulation device to conduct continuous wound monitoring and therapy. The as-designed B-TENG not only demonstrates great potential for multifunctional self-powered healthcare sensors, but also for the promising advancements toward wearable medical assistive and therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo‐Wen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Min Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Han‐Song Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei10607Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Pang Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Min Wei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Biomedical EngineeringTaipeiMedical UniversityTaipei11031Taiwan
| | - I‐Chih Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Bayu Tri Murti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue EngineeringTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei11031Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Lin Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaipei10607Taiwan
| | - Chih‐I Wu
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Po‐Kang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
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24
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Radatović B, Jadriško V, Kamal S, Kralj M, Novko D, Vujičić N, Petrović M. Macroscopic Single-Phase Monolayer Borophene on Arbitrary Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:21727-21737. [PMID: 35500044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the investigation of all 2D materials is the development of synthesis protocols and tools which would enable their large-scale production and effective manipulation. The same holds for borophene, where experiments are still largely limited to in situ characterizations of small-area samples. In contrast, our work is based on millimeter-sized borophene sheets, synthesized on an Ir(111) surface in ultrahigh vacuum. Besides high-quality macroscopic synthesis, as confirmed by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we also demonstrate a successful transfer of borophene from Ir to a Si wafer via electrochemical delamination process. Comparative Raman spectroscopy, in combination with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, proved that borophene's crystal structure has been preserved in the transfer. Our results demonstrate successful growth and manipulation of large-scale, single-layer borophene sheets with minor defects and ambient stability, thus expediting borophene implementation into more complex systems and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Radatović
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentino Jadriško
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sherif Kamal
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Kralj
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Novko
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Vujičić
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Petrović
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Abstract
The lattice structure of monolayer borophene depends sensitively on the substrate yet is metallic independent of the environment. Here, we show that bilayer borophene on Ag(111) shares the same ground state as its freestanding counterpart that becomes semiconducting with an indirect bandgap of 1.13 eV, as evidenced by an extensive structural search based on first-principles calculations. The bilayer structure is composed of two covalently bonded v1/12 boron monolayers that are stacked in an AB mode. The interlayer bonds not only localize electronic states that are otherwise metallic in monolayer borophene but also in part decouple the whole bilayer from the substrate, resulting in a quasi-freestanding system. More relevant is that the predicted bilayer model of a global minimum agrees well with recently synthesized bilayer borophene on Ag(111) in terms of lattice constant, topography, and moiré pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Tingfan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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26
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Ibrahim MAA, Mahmoud AHM, Soliman KA, Mekhemer GAH, Ahmed MN, Shawky AM, Abourehab MAS, Elkaeed EB, Soliman MES, Moussa NAM. Borophene and Pristine Graphene 2D Sheets as Potential Surfaces for the Adsorption of Electron-Rich and Electron-Deficient π-Systems: A Comparative DFT Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1028. [PMID: 35335843 DOI: 10.3390/nano12061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of striped borophene (sB), β12 borophene (β12), and pristine graphene (GN) to adsorb π-systems was comparatively assessed using benzene (BNZ) and hexafluorobenzene (HFB) as electron-rich and electron-deficient aromatic π-systems, respectively. Using the density functional theory (DFT) method, the adsorption process of the π-systems on the investigated 2D sheets in the parallel configuration was observed to have proceeded more favorably than those in the vertical configuration. According to the observations of the Bader charge transfer analysis, the π-system∙∙∙sB complexes were generally recorded with the largest contributions of charge transfer, followed by the π-system∙∙∙β12 and ∙∙∙GN complexes. The band structures of the pure sheets signaled the metallic and semiconductor characters of the sB/β12 and GN surfaces, respectively. In the parallel configuration, the adsorption of both BNZ and HFB showed more valence and conduction bands compared to the adsorption in the vertical configuration, revealing the prominent preferentiality of the anterior configuration. The density-of-states (DOSs) results also affirmed that the adsorption process of the BNZ and HFB on the surface of the investigated 2D sheets increased their electrical properties. In all instances, the sB and β12 surfaces demonstrated higher adsorptivity towards the BNZ and HFB than the GN analog. The findings of this work could make a significant contribution to the deep understanding of the adsorption behavior of aromatic π-systems toward 2D nanomaterials, leading, in turn, to their development of a wide range of applications.
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27
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Tateishi I, Zhang X, Matsuda I. Electronic Structures of Polymorphic Layers of Borophane. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061808. [PMID: 35335171 PMCID: PMC8950085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for free-standing 2D materials has been one of the most important subjects in the field of studies on 2D materials and their applications. Recently, a free-standing monolayer of hydrogenated boron (HB) sheet has been synthesized by hydrogenation of borophene. The HB sheet is also called borophane, and its application is actively studied in many aspects. Here, we review recent studies on the electronic structures of polymorphic sheets of borophane. A hydrogenated boron sheet with a hexagonal boron frame was shown to have a semimetallic electronic structure by experimental and theoretical analyses. A tight-binding model that reproduces the electronic structure was given and it allows easy estimation of the properties of the material. Hydrogenated boron sheets with more complicated nonsymmorphic boron frames were also analyzed. Using the symmetry restrictions from the nonsymmorphic symmetry and the filling factor of hydrogenated boron sheets, the existence of a Dirac nodal line was suggested. These studies provide basic insights for research on and device applications of hydrogenated boron sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuma Tateishi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Chiba, Japan; (X.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Chiba, Japan; (X.Z.); (I.M.)
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28
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Zhang P, Tian X, Sheng S, Ma C, Chen L, Feng B, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Wu K. Vibrational Property of α- Borophene Determined by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules 2022; 27:834. [PMID: 35164100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a Raman characterization of the α borophene polymorph by scanning tunneling microscopy combined with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. A series of Raman peaks were discovered, which can be well related with the phonon modes calculated based on an asymmetric buckled α structure. The unusual enhancement of high-frequency Raman peaks in TERS spectra of α borophene is found and associated with its unique buckling when landed on the Ag(111) surface. Our paper demonstrates the advantages of TERS, namely high spatial resolution and selective enhancement rule, in studying the local vibrational properties of materials in nanoscale.
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29
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Jalili S, Pakzadiyan A. Investigation of structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional graphdiyne/ borophene monolayers and hetero-bilayers. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:125501. [PMID: 34929681 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac44d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The integration of dissimilar 2D materials is important for nanoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Among different polymorphs and different bond geometries, borophene and graphdiyne (GDY) are two promising candidates for these applications. In the present paper, we have studied hetero-bilayers comprising graphdiyne-borophene (GDY-BS) sheets. Three structural models, namely S0, S1and S2have been used for borophene sheets. The optimum interlayer distance for the hetero-bilayers was obtained through binding energy calculations. Then, the structure and electronic properties of the monolayers and hetero-bilayers were individually examined and compared. GDY monolayer was shown to be a semiconductor with a band gap of 0.43 eV, while the borophene monolayers, as well as all studied hetero-bilayers showed metallic behavior. The thermoelectric properties of borophene and GDY monolayers and the GDY-BS bilayers were calculated on the basis of the semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The results showed signs of improvement in the conductivity behavior of the hetero-bilayers. Furthermore, considering the increase in Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity for all the structures after calculating figure of merit and power factor, a higher power factor and more energy generation were observed for bilayers. These results show that the GDY-BS hetero-bilayers can positively affect the performance of thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Jalili
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, PO Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Pakzadiyan
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, PO Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Tai G, Xu M, Hou C, Liu R, Liang X, Wu Z. Borophene Nanosheets as High-Efficiency Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60987-60994. [PMID: 34918510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Borophene has been predicted to have outstanding catalytic activity owing to its extreme electron deficiency and abundant active sites. However, no experimental results have been still reported for borophene application in high-efficiency catalysis. Here, a borophene nanosheet was prepared on a carbon cloth surface via chemical vapor deposition. The boron source is sodium borohydride and the carrier gas is hydrogen gas. The crystal structure of the borophene nanosheet highly matches that of a theoretical α'-borophene nanosheet. Borophene shows good electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) ability with a 69 mV/dec Tafel slope and good cycling stability in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The enhanced performance is ascribed to an abundant electrocatalytic active area and low resistance of charge transfer, which results from its rich surface active sites. The improvement has been revealed by first-principles calculations, which is originated from their inherent metallicity and abundant electrocatalytic active sites on the nanosheets' surface. Borophene's extraordinarily high activity and stability give rise to extensive investigation of the application of borophene in high-efficiency energy applications such as catalysts and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Maoping Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- School of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Runsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xinchao Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zitong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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31
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Cabral TLG, de Miranda LTS, de Melo Rodrigues DC, de Souza FAL, Scopel WL, Amorim RG. C-doping anisotropy effects on borophene electronic transport. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 34:095502. [PMID: 34823236 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3d54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electronic transport anisotropy for different C-doped borophene polymorphs (β12andχ3) was investigated theoretically combining density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function. The energetic stability analysis reveals that B atoms replaced by C is more energetically favorable forχ3phase. We also verify a directional character of the electronic band structure on C-doped borophene for both phases. Simulated scanning tunneling microscopy and also total density of charge confirm the directional character of the bonds. The zero bias transmission forβ12phase atE-EF= 0 shows that C-doping induces a local current confinement along the lines of doped sites. TheI-Vcurves show that C-doping leads to an anisotropy amplification in theβ12than in theχ3. The possibility of confining the electronic current at an specific region of the C-doped systems, along with the different adsorption features of the doped sites, poses them as promising candidates to highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fábio A L de Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Ibatiba/ES, Brazil
| | - Wanderlã L Scopel
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Vitória/ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Amorim
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal Fluminense-UFF, Volta Redonda/RJ, Brazil
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32
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Ruan Q, Wang L, Bets KV, Yakobson BI. Step-Edge Epitaxy for Borophene Growth on Insulators. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18347-18353. [PMID: 34766759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Borophene─a monatomic layer of boron atoms─stands out among two-dimensional (2D) materials, with its versatile properties tantalizing for physics exploration and next-generation devices. Yet its phases are all synthesized on and stay bound to metal substrates, hampering both characterization and use. Borophene growth on an inert insulator would allow postsynthesis exfoliation, but the weak adhesion to such a substrate results in a high 2D nucleation barrier, preventing clean borophene growth. This challenge can be circumvented in a strategy devised and demonstrated here with ab initio calculations. Naturally present 1D-defects, the step-edges on an h-BN substrate surface, enable boron epitaxial assembly, reduce the nucleation dimensionality, and lower the barrier by an order of magnitude (to 1.1 eV or less), yielding a v1/9 phase. Weak borophene adhesion to the insulator makes it readily accessible for comprehensive property tests or transfer into the device setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luqing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ksenia V Bets
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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33
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Tai G, Liu B, Hou C, Wu Z, Liang X. Ultraviolet photodetector based on p- borophene/n-ZnO heterojunction. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:505606. [PMID: 34534975 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac27db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Borophene has attracted enormous attention because of its rich and unique structural and electronic properties for promising pratical applications. Although borophene sheets have been realized on different substrates in recent experiments, there are very few reports on the device application of borophene. Recently, borophene can be grown on some functional substrates, which lays a good foundation for its potential applications. Here, we report that hydrogenated borophene can be grown on the fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate. The phase of the obtained borophene is well consistent with the predicted semiconductingδ5-boron sheet. Furthermore, a vertical heterojunction ultraviolet detector based p-borophene/n-zinc oxide was fabricated. The photoresponsivity of the detector is 1.02 × 10-1A W-1, the specific detection rate was 1.43 × 109Jones and the response speed wasτres = 2.8 s,τrec = 3.2 s at the reversed bias of -5 V under the light excitation of 365 nm. This work will lay a foundation for further study on the attractive properties and applications of borophene in new optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchao Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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Preobrajenski AB, Lyalin A, Taketsugu T, Vinogradov NA, Vinogradov AS. Honeycomb Boron on Al(111): From the Concept of Borophene to the Two-Dimensional Boride. ACS Nano 2021; 15:15153-15165. [PMID: 34460239 PMCID: PMC8482755 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A great variety of two-dimensional (2D) boron allotropes (borophenes) were extensively studied in the past decade in the quest for graphene-like materials with potential for advanced technological applications. Among them, the 2D honeycomb boron is of specific interest as a structural analogue of graphene. Recently it has been synthesized on the Al(111) substrate; however it remains unknown to what extent does honeycomb boron behave like graphene. Here we elucidate the structural and electronic properties of this unusual 2D material with a combination of core-level X-ray spectroscopies, scanning tunneling microscopy, and DFT calculations. We demonstrate that in contrast to graphene on lattice-mismatched metal surfaces, honeycomb boron cannot wiggle like a blanket on Al(111), but rather induces reconstruction of the top metal layer, forming a stoichiometric AlB2 sheet on top of Al. Our conclusions from theoretical modeling are fully supported by X-ray absorption spectra showing strong similarity in the electronic structure of honeycomb boron on Al(111) and thick AlB2 films. On the other hand, a clear separation of the electronic states of the honeycomb boron into π- and σ-subsystems indicates an essentially 2D nature of the electronic system in both one-layer AlB2 and bulk AlB2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Lyalin
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Center
for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 10 Nishi
8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Chahal S, Ranjan P, Motlag M, Yamijala SSRKC, Late DJ, Sadki EHS, Cheng GJ, Kumar P. Borophene via Micromechanical Exfoliation. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102039. [PMID: 34270846 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Borophene, the lightest among all Xenes, possesses extreme electronic mobility along with high carrier density and high Young's modulus. To accomplish device-quality borophene, novel approaches of realization of monolayers need to be urgently explored. In this work, micromechanical exfoliation is discovered to result in mono- and few-layered borophene of device quality. Borophene sheets are successfully fabricated down to monolayer thickness. Distinct crystallographic phases of borophene viz. XRD study reveals crystallographic phase transition from rhombohedral to several other eigen phases of borophene. The role of the destination substrates is held crucial in determining the final phase of the transferred sheet. The exfoliation energy is calculated by density functional theory. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to simulate the exfoliation process. Heterolayers of borophene, with black phosphorene (BP) or with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) atomic sheets, are found to result in photoexcited coupling quantum states. Gold-coated borophene bestows promising anchoring capability for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Successful demonstration of the electronic behavior of micromechanically exfoliated borophene and excitonic behavior of borophene-based heterolayers will guide future generation devices not only in electronics and excitonics, but also in thermal management, electronic packaging, hydrogen storage, hybrid energy storage, and clean energy solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Chahal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Maithili Motlag
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Dattatreya J Late
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - El Hadi S Sadki
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Gary J Cheng
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Wu Z, Tai G, Liu R, Hou C, Shao W, Liang X, Wu Z. van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Borophene on a Mica Substrate toward a High-Performance Photodetector. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:31808-31815. [PMID: 34213879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of borophene has triggered soaring interest in the investigation of its superior structural anisotropy, a novel photoelectronic property for diverse potential applications. However, the structural instability and need of a metal substrate for depositing borophene restrict its large-scale applications toward high-performance electronic and optoelectric devices. van der Waals epitaxy is regarded as an efficient technique for growing superb two-dimensional materials onto extensive functional substrates, but the preparation of stable and controllable borophene on nonmetallic substrates is still not reported. Here, we demonstrate that borophene films can be synthesized onto a mica substrate by van der Waals epitaxy, where hydrogen and NaBH4 are respectively used as the carrier gas and the boron source. The lattice structure of the as-synthesized borophene coincides with the predicted α'-boron sheet. The borophene-based photodetector shows an excellent photoresponsivity of 1.04 A W-1 and a specific detectivity of 1.27 × 1011 Jones at a reversed bias of 4 V under illumination of a 625 nm light-emitting diode, which are remarkably superior to those of reported boron nanosheets. This work facilitates further studies of borophene toward its attractive properties and applications in novel optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Runsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wei Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xinchao Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zitong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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37
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Ou M, Wang X, Yu L, Liu C, Tao W, Ji X, Mei L. The Emergence and Evolution of Borophene. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2001801. [PMID: 34194924 PMCID: PMC8224432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring carbon and sandwiched between non-metals and metals in the periodic table of the elements, boron is one of the most chemically and physically versatile elements, and can be manipulated to form dimensionally low planar structures (borophene) with intriguing properties. Herein, the theoretical research and experimental developments in the synthesis of borophene, as well as its excellent properties and application in many fields, are reviewed. The decade-long effort toward understanding the size-dependent structures of boron clusters and the theory-directed synthesis of borophene, including bottom-up approaches based on different foundations, as well as up-down approaches with different exfoliation modes, and the key factors influencing the synthetic effects, are comprehensively summarized. Owing to its excellent chemical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, borophene has shown great promise in supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen-storage, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, borophene nanoplatforms used in various biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and photonic therapy, are highlighted. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of borophene in large-scale production and other prospective applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
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38
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Kong Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang SH, Zhu JJ. Oblique and Asymmetric Klein Tunneling across Smooth NP Junctions or NPN Junctions in 8- Pmmn Borophene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11061462. [PMID: 34073150 PMCID: PMC8229593 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tunneling of electrons and holes in quantum structures plays a crucial role in studying the transport properties of materials and the related devices. 8-Pmmn borophene is a new two-dimensional Dirac material that hosts tilted Dirac cone and chiral, anisotropic massless Dirac fermions. We adopt the transfer matrix method to investigate the Klein tunneling of massless fermions across the smooth NP junctions and NPN junctions of 8-Pmmn borophene. Like the sharp NP junctions of 8-Pmmn borophene, the tilted Dirac cones induce the oblique Klein tunneling. The angle of perfect transmission to the normal incidence is 20.4∘, a constant determined by the Hamiltonian of 8-Pmmn borophene. For the NPN junction, there are branches of the Klein tunneling in the phase diagram. We find that the asymmetric Klein tunneling is induced by the chirality and anisotropy of the carriers. Furthermore, we show the oscillation of electrical resistance related to the Klein tunneling in the NPN junctions. One may analyze the pattern of electrical resistance and verify the existence of asymmetric Klein tunneling experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Kong
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Li
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (S.-H.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Jia-Ji Zhu
- School of Science and Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.K.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
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39
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Tu X, Xu H, Wang X, Li C, Fan G, Chu X. First-principles study of pristine and Li-doped borophene as a candidate to detect and scavenge SO 2gas. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:325502. [PMID: 33887713 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfabc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the potential application of borophene as gas sensor device is explored. The first-principles theory is employed to investigate the sensing performance of pristine and Li-doped borophene for SO2and five main atmospheric gases (including CH4, CO2, N2, CO and H2). All gases are found to be adsorbed weakly on pristine borophene, which shows weak physical interaction between the pristine borophene and gases. The gas adsorption performance of borophene is improved by the doping of Li atom. The results of adsorption energy suggest that Li-borophene exhibits high selectivity to SO2molecule. Moreover, analyses of the charge transfer, density of states and work function also confirm the introduction of Li adatom on borophene significantly enhances the selectivity and sensitivity to SO2. In addition, desorption time of gas from pristine and Li doped borophene indicates the Li-borophene has good desorption characteristics for SO2molecule at high temperatures. This research would be helpful for understanding the influence of Li doping on borophene and presents the potential application of Li-borophene as a SO2gas sensor or scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, People's Republic of China
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40
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Di Pierro A, Mortazavi B, Noori H, Rabczuk T, Fina A. A Multiscale Investigation on the Thermal Transport in Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites: Graphene vs. Borophene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1252. [PMID: 34064564 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and borophene are highly attractive two-dimensional materials with outstanding physical properties. In this study we employed combined atomistic continuum multi-scale modeling to explore the effective thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer as the matrix and graphene and borophene as nanofillers. PDMS is a versatile polymer due to its chemical inertia, flexibility and a wide range of properties that can be tuned during synthesis. We first conducted classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the thermal conductance at the interfaces between graphene and PDMS and between borophene and PDMS. Acquired results confirm that the interfacial thermal conductance between nanosheets and polymer increases from the single-layer to multilayered nanosheets and finally converges, in the case of graphene, to about 30 MWm−2 K−1 and, for borophene, up to 33 MWm−2 K−1. The data provided by the atomistic simulations were then used in the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites at the continuum level. We explored the effects of nanofiller type, volume content, geometry aspect ratio and thickness on the nanocomposite effective thermal conductivity. As a very interesting finding, we found that borophene nanosheets, despite having almost two orders of magnitude lower thermal conductivity than graphene, can yield very close enhancement in the effective thermal conductivity in comparison with graphene, particularly for low volume content and small aspect ratios and thicknesses. We conclude that, for the polymer-based nanocomposites, significant improvement in the thermal conductivity can be reached by improving the bonding between the fillers and polymer, or in other words, by enhancing the thermal conductance at the interface. By taking into account the high electrical conductivity of borophene, our results suggest borophene nanosheets as promising nanofillers to simultaneously enhance the polymers’ thermal and electrical conductivity.
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41
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Song X, Zhang H, Yang J. Infrared Plasmonic Sensing with Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Material Borophene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1165. [PMID: 33946878 PMCID: PMC8147074 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Borophene, a new member of the two-dimensional material family, has been found to support surface plasmon polaritons in visible and infrared regimes, which can be integrated into various optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. To further explore the potential plasmonic applications of borophene, we propose an infrared plasmonic sensor based on the borophene ribbon array. The nanostructured borophene can support localized surface plasmon resonances, which can sense the local refractive index of the environment via spectral response. By analytical and numerical calculation, we investigate the influences of geometric as well as material parameters on the sensing performance of the proposed sensor in detail. The results show how to tune and optimize the sensitivity and figure of merit of the proposed structure and reveal that the borophene sensor possesses comparable sensing performance with conventional plasmonic sensors. This work provides the route to design a borophene plasmonic sensor with high performance and can be applied in next-generation point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Mirco/Nano Optoelectronic and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.Z.); (X.S.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
| | - Zhaojian Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- Institute of Mirco/Nano Optoelectronic and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.Z.); (X.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Institute of Mirco/Nano Optoelectronic and Terahertz Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.Z.); (X.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Junbo Yang
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
- Center of Material Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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42
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Omambac KM, Petrović M, Bampoulis P, Brand C, Kriegel MA, Dreher P, Janoschka D, Hagemann U, Hartmann N, Valerius P, Michely T, Meyer Zu Heringdorf FJ, Horn-von Hoegen M. Segregation-Enhanced Epitaxy of Borophene on Ir(111) by Thermal Decomposition of Borazine. ACS Nano 2021; 15:7421-7429. [PMID: 33759515 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Like other 2D materials, the boron-based borophene exhibits interesting structural and electronic properties. While borophene is typically prepared by molecular beam epitaxy, we report here on an alternative way of synthesizing large single-phase borophene domains by segregation-enhanced epitaxy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that borazine dosing at 1100 °C onto Ir(111) yields a boron-rich surface without traces of nitrogen. At high temperatures, the borazine thermally decomposes, nitrogen desorbs, and boron diffuses into the substrate. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we show that during cooldown the subsurface boron segregates back to the surface where it forms borophene. In this case, electron diffraction reveals a (6 × 2) reconstructed borophene χ6-polymorph, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy suggests a Dirac-like behavior. Studying the kinetics of borophene formation in low energy electron microscopy shows that surface steps are bunched during the borophene formation, resulting in elongated and extended borophene domains with exceptional structural order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Omambac
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marin Petrović
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pantelis Bampoulis
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Brand
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marko A Kriegel
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Dreher
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - David Janoschka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hagemann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Valerius
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Michely
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank J Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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Abstract
Ammonia synthesis is an essential process in chemistry and industry. However, it is limited by the lack of efficient catalysts and high energy costs. Developing highly efficient systems for ammonia synthesis is an important and long-standing challenge. In this paper, a large class of metal atoms (including 3d/4d transition metals and main group metals) anchored onto borophene have been studied as single atom catalysts for ammonia synthesis. After comprehensive computational screening and systematic evaluation, four candidates stand out. We predict that Mo, Mn, Tc, and Cr@BM-β12 will have superior performance for catalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 with low limiting potentials of -0.26, -0.32, -0.38, and -0.48 V, respectively. Furthermore, we studied the activity of the competitive HER on M@BM-β12. The results implied that the two materials Mo@BM-β12 and Mn@BM-β12 showed HER suppression. These properties exceed most currently reported nitrogen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Our results suggest the possibility of efficient electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 in a lower energy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li-Ming Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica; Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eric Ganz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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44
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Ma F, Jiao Y, Wu W, Liu Y, Yang SA, Heine T. Half-Auxeticity and Anisotropic Transport in Pd Decorated Two-Dimensional Boron Sheets. Nano Lett 2021; 21:2356-2362. [PMID: 33656900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Upon strain, most materials shrink normal to the direction of applied strain. Similarly, if a material is compressed, it will expand in the direction orthogonal to the pressure. Few materials, those of negative Poisson ratio, show the opposite behavior. Here, we show an unprecedented feature, a material that expands normal to the direction of stress, regardless if it is strained or compressed. Such behavior, namely, half-auxeticity, is demonstrated for a borophene sheet stabilized by decorating Pd atoms. We explore Pd-decorated borophene, identify three stable phases of which one has this peculiar property of half auxeticity. After carefully analyzing stability and mechanical and electronic properties we explore the origin of this very uncommon behavior and identify it as a structural feature that may also be employed to design further 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Ma
- College of Physics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yalong Jiao
- Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Weikang Wu
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Physics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengyuan A Yang
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty for Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Leipzig Research Branch, Helmholtz-Center Dresden Rossendorf, 04316 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Korea
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Mazaheri A, Javadi M, Abdi Y. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Two-Dimensional Boron Sheets by Thermal Decomposition of Diborane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:8844-8850. [PMID: 33565849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) boron sheets (borophenes) are promising materials for the next generation of electronic devices because of their metallic conductivity. Molecular beam epitaxy has remained the main approach for the growth of borophene, which considerably restricts large-scale production of 2D boron sheets. The high melting point of boron and the growth of borophenes at moderate temperatures posed a significant challenge for the synthesis of borophenes. Employing diborane (B2H6) pyrolysis as a pure boron source, we report, for the first time, the growth of atomic-thickness borophene sheets by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A methodical study on the effect of temperature, deposition rate, and pressure on the growth of 2D boron sheets is provided and detailed analyses about the morphology and crystalline phase of borophene sheets are presented. The CVD-borophene layers display an average thickness of 4.2 Å, χ3 crystalline structure, and metallic conductivity. We also present experimental evidence supporting the formation of stacked bilayer and trilayer borophene sheets. Our method paves the way for empirical investigations on borophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazaheri
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javadi
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Yaser Abdi
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
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Wang X, Liang J, You Q, Zhu J, Fang F, Xiang Y, Song J. Bandgap Engineering of Hydroxy-Functionalized Borophene for Superior Photo-Electrochemical Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23559-23563. [PMID: 32940389 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting boron nanosheets (few-layer borophene) have been theoretically predicted, but their band gap tunability has not been experimentally confirmed. In this study, hydroxy-functionalized borophene (borophene-OH) with tunable band gap was fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation using 2-butanol solvent. Surface-energy matching between boron and 2-butanol produced smooth borophene, and the exposed unsaturated B sites generated by B-B bond breaking during exfoliation coordinated with OH groups to form semiconducting borophene-OH, enabling a tunable band gap of 0.65-2.10 eV by varying its thickness. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements demonstrated that the use of borophene-OH to fabricate working electrodes for PEC-type photodetectors significantly enhanced the photocurrent density (5.0 μA cm-2 ) and photoresponsivity (58.5 μA W-1 ) compared with other 2D monoelemental materials. Thus, borophene-OH is a promising semiconductor with great optoelectronic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics (IMO), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junwu Liang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Qi You
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics (IMO), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics (IMO), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Feier Fang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics (IMO), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuanjiang Xiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Lab of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Xu M, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wu R, Wang J. Designed Single Atom Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting: 3d Transition Metal Atoms Doped Borophene Nanosheets. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2651-2659. [PMID: 33063390 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Single atom catalysts (SAC) for water splitting hold the promise of producing H2 in a highly efficient and economical way. As the performance of SACs depends on the interaction between the adsorbate atom and supporting substrate, developing more efficient SACs with suitable substrates is of significance. In this work, inspired by the successful fabrications of borophene in experiments, we systematically study the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities of a series of 3d transition metal-based SACs supported by various borophene monolayers (BMs=α_sheet, α1 _sheet, and β1 _sheet borophene), TM/BMs, using density functional theory calculations and kinetic simulations. All of the TM/BMs systems exhibit superior HER performance compared to Pt with close to zero thermoneutral Gibbs free energy (ΔGH* ) of H adsorption. Furthermore, three Ni-deposited systems, namely, Ni/α_BM, Ni/α1 _BM and Ni/β1 _BM, were identified to be superior OER catalysts with remarkably reduced overpotentials. Based on these results, Ni/BMs can be expected to serve as stunning bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting. This work provides a guideline for developing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Xu
- Colleage of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- Colleage of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Qingdao Univ. Sci. & Technol., Shandong Key Lab Biochem. Anal., Coll. Chem. & Mol. Engn., Qingdao, 266042, Peoples R China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Colleage of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinli Zhao
- Colleage of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Colleage of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ruchun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, GuangXi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engneering of Forest Porducts, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Wang Y, Kong L, Chen C, Cheng P, Feng B, Wu K, Chen L. Realization of Regular-Mixed Quasi-1D Borophene Chains with Long-Range Order. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2005128. [PMID: 33118245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of borophene makes it a promising system to realize tunable physical or chemical properties. Various pure borophene phases consisting of quasi-1D boron chains with different widths have been commonly obtained in experimental studies. Here, it is shown that, due to a substrate mediation effect, artificial long-range ordered phases of borophene consisting of different combinations of boron chains seamlessly joined together can be achieved on Ag(100). Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that mixed-chain phases are more stable than the pure phase, and interact only weakly with the substrate. The mixed-chain phases with various proportions of different chains can be well separated based on the crystal direction of the substrate. The successful growth of mixed-chain phases is expected to deepen the impact of substrate tailored synthesis of borophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Longjuan Kong
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Hu Y, Yin Y, Li S, Zhou H, Li D, Zhang G. Three-Fold Enhancement of In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Borophene through Metallic Atom Intercalation. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7619-7626. [PMID: 32852213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the thermal conductivity of Al-intercalated bilayer δ4 borophene sheet by solving phonon Boltzmann transport equation based on density functional theory. Although the overall atomic density of Al-intercalated borophene is larger than that of δ4 borophene, it possesses significant enhancement in in-plane thermal conductivity. With metallic atom intercalation, the armchair-direction thermal conductivity increases from 53.8 to 160.2 W m-1 K-1 and that along the zigzag direction increases from 115.7 to 157.2 W m-1 K-1. This pronounced enhancement is attributed to the bunching of the acoustic branches in the Al-intercalated borophene, which decreases the phase space for the high frequency three acoustic phonon scattering processes. In addition to the pronounced increased thermal conductivity, the Al-intercalation also tunes the in-plane anisotropy. This study illustrates the importance of metallic atom intercalation in the in-plane thermal conductivity of 2D van der Waals materials and also has practical implications for fields ranging from thermal management to thermoelectrics design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Hu
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Hangbo Zhou
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
| | - Dengfeng Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
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Abstract
Borophenes (2D boron sheets) have triggered a surge of interest both theoretically and experimentally because of its distinct structural, optical and electronic properties for extensive potential applications. Although theoretical efforts have guided the research directions of borophene, only few synthetic borophene sheets have been demonstrated experimentally. Borophene sheets have been successfully synthesized experimentally on metal substrates until 2015. Afterwards, more efforts were put on the controlled synthesis of crystalline and semiconducting borophene sheets as well as on the investigation of their novel and fascinating physical properties. This report provides a brief review on theoretical and experimental progress in borophene research. Some typical structures and properties of borophenes have been reviewed. The focus is laid on summarizing the experimental synthesis of borophene in recent years, and on showing some ultrastable and semiconducting borophenes which have been applied in electronic information devices. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities regarding experimental realization and practical applications of borophenes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jinqian Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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