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Taskiran NP, Hiura GT, Zhang X, Barr RG, Dashnaw SM, Hoffman EA, Malinsky D, Oelsner EC, Prince MR, Smith BM, Sun Y, Sun Y, Wild JM, Shen W, Hughes EW. Mapping Alveolar Oxygen Partial Pressure in COPD Using Hyperpolarized Helium-3: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study. Tomography 2022; 8:2268-2284. [PMID: 36136886 PMCID: PMC9498778 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are characterized by functional and structural damage which increases the spaces for gaseous diffusion and impairs oxygen exchange. Here we explore the potential for hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MRI to characterize lung structure and function in a large-scale population-based study. Participants (n = 54) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study, a nested case-control study of COPD among participants with 10+ packyears underwent HP 3He MRI measuring pAO2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and ventilation. HP MRI measures were compared to full-lung CT and pulmonary function testing. High ADC values (>0.4 cm2/s) correlated with emphysema and heterogeneity in pAO2 measurements. Strong correlations were found between the heterogeneity of global pAO2 as summarized by its standard deviation (SD) (p < 0.0002) and non-physiologic pAO2 values (p < 0.0001) with percent emphysema on CT. A regional study revealed a strong association between pAO2 SD and visual emphysema severity (p < 0.003) and an association with the paraseptal emphysema subtype (p < 0.04) after adjustment for demographics and smoking status. HP noble gas pAO2 heterogeneity and the fraction of non-physiological pAO2 results increase in mild to moderate COPD. Measurements of pAO2 are sensitive to regional emphysematous damage detected by CT and may be used to probe pulmonary emphysema subtypes. HP noble gas lung MRI provides non-invasive information about COPD severity and lung function without ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz P. Taskiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence: (N.P.T.); (E.W.H.); Tel.: +1-347-3693052 (N.P.T.); +1-626-4838731 (E.W.H.)
| | - Grant T. Hiura
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuzhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen M. Dashnaw
- Neurological Institute, Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel Malinsky
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Oelsner
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Smith
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Yanping Sun
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jim M. Wild
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Wei Shen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research Center (CMRRC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emlyn W. Hughes
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence: (N.P.T.); (E.W.H.); Tel.: +1-347-3693052 (N.P.T.); +1-626-4838731 (E.W.H.)
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Inhaled Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Advances, Applications, Limitations, and New Frontiers. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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3
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Plummer JW, Emami K, Dummer A, Woods JC, Walkup LL, Cleveland ZI. A semi-empirical model to optimize continuous-flow hyperpolarized 129Xe production under practical cryogenic-accumulation conditions. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 320:106845. [PMID: 33070086 PMCID: PMC7655637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with cryogenic accumulation is a powerful technique to generate multiple, large volumes of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe in rapid succession. It enables a range of studies, from dark matter tracking to preclinical and clinical MRI. Multiple analytical models based on first principles atomic physics and device-specific design features have been proposed for individual processes within HP 129Xe production. However, the modeling efforts have not yet integrated all the steps involved in practical, large volume HP 129Xe production process (e.g., alkali vapor generation, continuous-flow SEOP, and cryogenic accumulation). Here, we use a simplified analytical model that couples both SEOP and cryogenic accumulation, incorporating only two system-specific empirical parameters: the longitudinal relaxation time of the polycrystalline 129Xe "snow', T1snow, generated during cryogenic accumulation, and 2) the average Rb density during active, continuous-flow polarization. By fitting the model to polarization data collected from >140 L of 129Xe polarized across a range of flow and volume conditions, the estimates for Rb density and T1snow were 1.6 ± 0.1 × 1013 cm-3 and 84 ± 5 min, respectively - each notably less than expected based on previous literature. Together, these findings indicate that 1) earlier polarization predictions were hindered by miscalculated Rb densities, and 2) polarization is not optimized by maximizing SEOP efficiency with a low concentration 129Xe, but rather by using richer 129Xe-buffer gas blends that enable faster accumulation. Accordingly, modeling and experimentation revealed the optimal fraction of 129Xe, f, in the 129Xe-buffer gas blend was ~2%. Further, if coupled with modest increases in laser power, the model predicts liter volumes of HP 129Xe with polarizations exceeding 60% could be generated routinely in only tens of minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Plummer
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura L Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Skinner JG, Ranta K, Whiting N, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Morris PG, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM. High Xe density, high photon flux, stopped-flow spin-exchange optical pumping: Simulations versus experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106686. [PMID: 32006793 PMCID: PMC7436892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can enhance the NMR sensitivity of noble gases by up to five orders of magnitude at Tesla-strength magnetic fields. SEOP-generated hyperpolarised (HP) 129Xe is a promising contrast agent for lung imaging but an ongoing barrier to widespread clinical usage has been economical production of sufficient quantities with high 129Xe polarisation. Here, the 'standard model' of SEOP, which was previously used in the optimisation of continuous-flow 129Xe polarisers, is modified for validation against two Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP datasets. We use this model to examine ways to increase HP Xe production efficiency in stopped-flow 129Xe polarisers and provide further insight into the underlying physics of Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP at high laser fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Skinner
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Peter G Morris
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Fan X, Fayer SE, Gabrielse G. Gaseous 3He nuclear magnetic resonance probe for cryogenic environments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083107. [PMID: 31472665 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Normal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes cannot be used to make high frequency resolution measurements in a cryogenic environment because they lose their frequency resolution when the liquid sample in the probe freezes. A gaseous 3He NMR probe, designed and constructed to work naturally in such cryogenic environments, is demonstrated at 4.2 K and 5.3 T to have a frequency resolution better than 0.4 ppb. As a demonstration of its usefulness, the cryogenic probe is used to shim a superconducting solenoid with a cryogenic interior to produce a magnetic field with a high spatial homogeneity and to measure the magnetic field stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S E Fayer
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - G Gabrielse
- Center for Fundamental Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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6
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Ariyasingha NM, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Relaxation Dynamics of Nuclear Long-Lived Spin States in Propane and Propane-d 6 Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:11734-11744. [PMID: 31798763 PMCID: PMC6890414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of relaxation dynamics of hyperpolarized (HP) propane and HP propane-d6 prepared by heterogeneous pairwise parahydrogen addition to propylene and propylene-d6 respectively. Long-lived spin states (LLS) created for these molecules at the low magnetic field of 0.0475 T were employed for this study. The parahydrogen-induced overpopulation of a HP propane LLS decays exponentially with time constant (TLLS) approximately 3-fold greater than the corresponding T1 values. Both TLLS and T1 increase linearly with propane pressure in the range from 1 atm (the most biomedically relevant conditions for pulmonary MRI) to 5 atm. The TLLS value of HP propane gas at 1 atm is ~3 s. Deuteration of the substrate (propylene-d6) yields hyperpolarized propane-d6 gas with TLLS values approximately 20% shorter than those of hyperpolarized fully protonated propane gas, indicating that deuteration does not benefit the lifetime of the LLS HP state. The use of pH2 or Xe/N2 buffering gas during heterogeneous hydrogenation reaction (leading to production of 100% HP propane (no buffering gas) versus 43% HP propane gas (with 57% buffering gas) composition mixtures) results in (i) no significant changes in T1, (ii) decrease of TLLS values (by 35±7% and 8±7% respectively); and (iii) an increase of the polarization levels of HP propane gas with a propane concentration decrease (by 1.6±0.1-fold and 1.4±0.1-fold respectively despite the decrease in TLLS, which leads to disproportionately greater polarization losses during HP gas transport). Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of HP propane cryo-collection (which can be potentially useful for preparing larger amounts of concentrated HP propane, when buffering gas is employed), and TLLS of liquefied HP propane reaches 14.7 seconds, which is greater than the TLLS value of HP propane gas at any pressure studied. Finally, we have explored the utility of using a partial Spin-Lock Induced Crossing (SLIC) radio frequency (RF) pulse sequence for converting the overpopulated LLS into observable 1H nuclear magnetization at low magnetic field. We find that (i) the bulk of the overpopulated LLS is retained even when the optimal or near-optimal values of SLIC pulse duration are employed, and (ii) the overpopulated LLS of propane is also relatively immune to strong RF pulses-thereby, indicating that LLS is highly suitable as a spin-polarization reservoir in the context of NMR/MRI detection applications. The presented findings may be useful for improving the levels of polarization of HP propane produced by HET-PHIP via the use of an inert buffer gas; increasing the lifetime of the HP state during preparation and storage; and developing efficient approaches for ultrafast MR imaging of HP propane in the context of biomedical applications of HP propane gas, including its potential use as an inhalable contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author
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Skinner JG, Menichetti L, Flori A, Dost A, Schmidt AB, Plaumann M, Gallagher FA, Hövener JB. Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:902-918. [PMID: 30120644 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since reaching the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an irreplaceable radiological tool because of the macroscopic information it provides across almost all organs and soft tissues within the human body, all without the need for ionising radiation. The sensitivity of MR, however, is too low to take full advantage of the rich chemical information contained in the MR signal. Hyperpolarisation techniques have recently emerged as methods to overcome the sensitivity limitations by enhancing the MR signal by many orders of magnitude compared to the thermal equilibrium, enabling a new class of metabolic and molecular X-nuclei based MR tracers capable of reporting on metabolic processes at the cellular level. These hyperpolarised (HP) tracers have the potential to elucidate the complex metabolic processes of many organs and pathologies, with studies so far focusing on the fields of oncology and cardiology. This review presents an overview of hyperpolarisation techniques that appear most promising for clinical use today, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (d-DNP), parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarisation (PHIP), Brute force hyperpolarisation and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), before discussing methods for tracer detection, emerging metabolic tracers and applications and progress in preclinical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Graham Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Dost
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Abstract
This article reviews the physics and technology of producing large quantities of highly spin-polarized 3He nuclei using spin-exchange (SEOP) and metastability-exchange (MEOP) optical pumping. Both technical developments and deeper understanding of the physical processes involved have led to substantial improvements in the capabilities of both methods. For SEOP, the use of spectrally narrowed lasers and K-Rb mixtures has substantially increased the achievable polarization and polarizing rate. For MEOP nearly lossless compression allows for rapid production of polarized 3He and operation in high magnetic fields has likewise significantly increased the pressure at which this method can be performed, and revealed new phenomena. Both methods have benefitted from development of storage methods that allow for spin-relaxation times of hundreds of hours, and specialized precision methods for polarimetry. SEOP and MEOP are now widely applied for spin-polarized targets, neutron spin filters, magnetic resonance imaging, and precision measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Gentile
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - P. J. Nacher
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - B. Saam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - T. G. Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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9
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Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex III: Neutron Devices and Computational and Sample Environments. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs1020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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11
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A Rabbit Irradiation Platform for Outcome Assessment of Lung Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:1588-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Sharma M, Babcock E, Andersen KH, Barrón-Palos L, Becker M, Boag S, Chen WC, Chupp TE, Danagoulian A, Gentile TR, Klein A, Penttila S, Petoukhov A, Soldner T, Tardiff ER, Walker TG, Wilburn WS. Neutron beam effects on spin-exchange-polarized 3He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:083002. [PMID: 18764610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have observed depolarization effects when high intensity cold neutron beams are incident on alkali-metal spin-exchange-polarized 3He cells used as neutron spin filters. This was first observed as a reduction of the maximum attainable 3He polarization and was attributed to a decrease of alkali-metal polarization, which led us to directly measure alkali-metal polarization and spin relaxation over a range of neutron fluxes at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center and Institute Laue-Langevin. The data reveal a new alkali-metal spin-relaxation mechanism that approximately scales as sqrt[phi_{n}], where phi_{n} is the neutron capture-flux density incident on the cell. This is consistent with an effect proportional to the concentration of electron-ion pairs but is much larger than expected from earlier work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharma
- FOCUS Center and Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
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13
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Babcock E, Chann B, Walker TG, Chen WC, Gentile TR. Limits to the polarization for spin-exchange optical pumping of 3He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:083003. [PMID: 16606177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on measurements of the temperature dependence of 3He relaxation in a wide range of spin-exchange optical pumping cells, we report evidence for a previously unrecognized surface relaxation process. The relaxation rate was found to be linearly proportional to the alkali-metal density with a slope that exceeds the spin-exchange rate, which limits the polarization for current applications, including neutron spin filters, polarized targets, and polarized gas magnetic resonance imaging. We find that the magnitude of this excess relaxation can vary widely between cells, and that the variation is larger for cells of higher surface to volume ratio. We have observed 3He polarization as high as 81%, but further improvements require understanding the origin of this relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Babcock
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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14
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Johansson E, Svensson J, Månsson S, Petersson JS, Olsson LE, Golman K, Ståhlberg F. Gradient echo imaging of flowing hyperpolarized nuclei: theory and phantom studies on 129Xe dissolved in ethanol. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2002; 159:68-75. [PMID: 12468305 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-7807(02)00117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of flip angle and flow velocity on the signal intensity achieved when imaging a hyperpolarized substance with a spoiled gradient echo sequence was investigated. The study was performed both theoretically and experimentally using hyperpolarized xenon dissolved in ethanol. Analytical expressions regarding the optimal flip angle with respect to signal and the corresponding signal level are presented and comparisons with thermally polarized substances are made. Both experimentally and theoretically, the optimal flip angle was found to increase with increasing flow velocity. Numerical calculations showed that the velocity dependence of the signal differs between the cases of hyperpolarized and thermally polarized substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johansson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Kuzma NN, Patton B, Raman K, Happer W. Fast nuclear spin relaxation in hyperpolarized solid 129Xe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:147602. [PMID: 11955177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report extensive new measurements of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 of 129Xe nuclear spins in solid xenon. For temperatures T<120 K and magnetic fields B>0.05 T, we found T1 on the order of hours, in good agreement with previous measurements and with the predicted phonon-scattering limit for the spin-rotation interaction. For T>120 K, our new data show that T1 can be much shorter than the phonon scattering limit. For B = 0.06 T, a field often used to accumulate hyperpolarized xenon, T1 is approximately 6 s near the Xe melting point T(m) = 161.4 K. From T = 50 K to T(m), the new data are in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction that the relaxation is due to (i) modulation of the spin-rotation interaction by phonons, and (ii) modulation of the dipole-dipole interaction by vacancy diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Kuzma
- Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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16
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Leawoods JC, Yablonskiy DA, Saam B, Gierada DS, Conradi MS. Hyperpolarized3He gas production and MR imaging of the lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/cmr.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Chen XJ, Hedlund LW, Möller HE, Chawla MS, Maronpot RR, Johnson GA. Detection of emphysema in rat lungs by using magnetic resonance measurements of 3He diffusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11478-81. [PMID: 11027348 PMCID: PMC17225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.21.11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is a pulmonary disease characterized by alveolar wall destruction, resulting in enlargement of gas exchange spaces without fibrosis. This condition is a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which causes 3.5% of deaths worldwide [Anonymous (1990) World Health Stat. Q. Special, 1-51] and contributes greatly to the global burden of disease [Murray, C. J. & Lopez, A. D. (1996) Science 274, 740-743]. Alveolar regeneration has been shown in animal models and could have potential for clinical treatment of early-stage emphysema. However, current techniques for detection of emphysema are not sensitive at the initial stages. Early-stage human panacinar emphysema is modeled in elastase-treated animals. Here, we provide an in vivo imaging method for differentiating normal and emphysematous rat lungs by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of hyperpolarized (3)He by using magnetic resonance imaging. These data show that the ADC is significantly larger in elastase-treated rats, indicating alveolar expansion. Whereas these rats were clinically asymptomatic, conventional histology confirmed presence of injury. Our results indicate that measurement of the hyperpolarized (3)He ADC can be a valuable research tool and has potential application in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Chen
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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18
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Chawla MS, Chen XJ, Cofer GP, Hedlund LW, Kerby MB, Ottoboni TB, Johnson GA. Hyperpolarized 3He microspheres as a novel vascular signal source for MRI. Magn Reson Med 2000; 43:440-5. [PMID: 10725887 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(200003)43:3<440::aid-mrm16>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 3He can be encapsulated within biologically compatible microspheres while retaining sufficient polarization to be used as a signal source for MRI. Two microsphere sizes were used, with mean diameters of 5.3 +/- 1.3 microm and 10.9 +/- 3.0 microm. These suspensions ranged in concentration from 0.9-7.0% gas by volume. Spectroscopic measurements in phantoms at 2 T yielded 3He relaxation times that varied with gas concentration. At the highest 3He concentration, the spinlattice relaxation time, T1, was 63.8 +/- 9.4 sec, while the transverse magnetization decayed with a time constant of T2* = 11.0 +/- 0.4 msec. In vivo MR images of the pelvic veins in a rat were acquired during intravenous injection of 3He microspheres (SNR approximately equal 15). Advantages such as intravascular confinement, lack of background signal, and limited recirculation indicate quantitative perfusion measurements may be improved using this novel signal source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chawla
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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19
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Viallon M, Cofer GP, Suddarth SA, Möller HE, Chen XJ, Chawla MS, Hedlund LW, Crémillieux Y, Johnson GA. Functional MR microscopy of the lung using hyperpolarized 3He. Magn Reson Med 1999; 41:787-92. [PMID: 10332855 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199904)41:4<787::aid-mrm18>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy designed to provide functional magnetic resonance images of the lung in small animals at microscopic resolution using hyperpolarized 3He is described. The pulse sequence is based on a combination of radial acquisition (RA) and CINE techniques, referred to as RA-CINE, and is designed for use with hyperpolarized 3He to explore lung ventilation with high temporal and spatial resolution in small animal models. Ventilation of the live guinea pig is demonstrated with effective temporal resolution of 50 msec and in-plane spatial resolution of <100 microm using hyperpolarized 3He. The RA-CINE sequence allows one to follow gas inflow and outflow in the airways as well as in the distal part of the lungs. Regional analysis of signal intensity variations can be performed and can help assess functional lung parameters such as residual gas volume and lung compliance to gas inflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viallon
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, UPRESA-CNRS 5012, Université Lyon I-CPE, Villeurbanne, France
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20
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21
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Möller HE, Chen XJ, Chawla MS, Driehuys B, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA. Signal dynamics in magnetic resonance imaging of the lung with hyperpolarized noble gases. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 1998; 135:133-143. [PMID: 9799687 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1998.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nonequilibrium bulk magnetic moment of hyperpolarized (HP) noble gases generated by optical pumping has unique characteristics. Based on the Bloch equations, a model was developed describing the signal dynamics of HP gases used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung with special consideration to the breathing cycle. Experimental verification included extensive investigations with HP 3He and 129Xe during both inspiration and held breath in live guinea pigs. Radial acquisition was used to investigate the view variations with a temporal resolution of 5 ms. Agreement between theoretical predictions and in vivo results was excellent. Additionally, information about effects from noble gas diffusion and spin-lattice relaxation was obtained. In vivo results for T1 were 28.8 +/- 1.8 s for 3He and 31.3 +/- 1.8 s for 129Xe. Comparison with in vitro data indicated that relaxation in the pulmonary gas space is dominated by dipolar coupling with molecular oxygen. The results provide a quantitative basis for optimizing pulse sequence design in HP gas MRI of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Möller
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
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22
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Chawla MS, Chen XJ, Möller HE, Cofer GP, Wheeler CT, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA. In vivo magnetic resonance vascular imaging using laser-polarized 3He microbubbles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:10832-5. [PMID: 9724790 PMCID: PMC27981 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.18.10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-polarized gases (3He and 129Xe) are currently being used in magnetic resonance imaging as strong signal sources that can be safely introduced into the lung. Recently, researchers have been investigating other tissues using 129Xe. These studies use xenon dissolved in a carrier such as lipid vesicles or blood. Since helium is much less soluble than xenon in these materials, 3He has been used exclusively for imaging air spaces. However, considering that the signal of 3He is more than 10 times greater than that of 129Xe for presently attainable polarization levels, this work has focused on generating a method to introduce 3He into the vascular system. We addressed the low solubility issue by producing suspensions of 3He microbubbles. Here, we provide the first vascular images obtained with laser-polarized 3He. The potential increase in signal and absence of background should allow this technique to produce high-resolution angiographic images. In addition, quantitative measurements of blood flow velocity and tissue perfusion will be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chawla
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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23
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Albert MS, Balamore D. Development of hyperpolarized noble gas MRI. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION A, ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 1998; 402:441-53. [PMID: 11543065 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging using the MR signal from hyperpolarized noble gases 129Xe and 3He may become an important new diagnostic technique. Alex Pines (adapting the hyperpolarization technique pioneered by William Happer) presented MR spectroscopy studies using hyperpolarized 129Xe. The current authors recognized that the enormous enhancement in the delectability of 129Xe, promised by hyperpolarization, would solve the daunting SNR problems impeding their attempts to use 129Xe as an in vivo MR probe, especially in order to study the action of general anesthetics. It was hoped that hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI would yield resolutions equivalent to that achievable with conventional 1H2O MRI, and that xenon's solubility in lipids would facilitate investigations of lipid-rich tissues that had as yet been hard to image. The publication of hyperpolarized 129Xe images of excised mouse lungs heralded the emergence of hyperpolarized noble-gas MRI. Using hyperpolarized 3He, researchers have obtained images of the lung gas space of guinea pigs and of humans. Lung gas images from patients with pulmonary disease have recently been reported. 3He is easier to hyperpolarize than 129Xe, and it yields a stronger MR signal, but its extremely low solubility in blood precludes its use for the imaging of tissue. Xenon, however, readily dissolves in blood, and the T1, of dissolved 129Xe is long enough for sufficient polarization to be carried by the circulation to distal tissues. Hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved-phase tissue spectra from the thorax and head of rodents and humans have been obtained, as have chemical shift 129 Xe images from the head of rats. Lung gas 129Xe images of rodents, and more recently of humans, have been reported. Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI (HypX-MRI) may elucidate the link between the structure of the lung and its function. The technique may also be useful in identifying ventilation-perfusion mismatch in patients with pulmonary embolism, in staging and tracking the success of therapeutic approaches in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases, and in identifying candidates for lung transplantation or reduction surgery. The high lipophilicity of xenon may allow MR investigations of the integrity and function of excitable lipid membranes. Eventually, HypX-MRI may permit better imaging of the lipid-rich structures of the brain. Cortical brain function is one perfusion-dependent phenomena that may be explored with hyperpolarized 129Xe MR. This leads to the exciting possibility of conducting hyperpolarized 129Xe functional MRI (HypX-fMRI) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Albert
- Department of Radiology/MRI, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Swanson SD, Rosen MS, Agranoff BW, Coulter KP, Welsh RC, Chupp TE. Brain MRI with laser-polarized 129Xe. Magn Reson Med 1997; 38:695-8. [PMID: 9358441 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of brain MRI with laser-polarized 129Xe in a small animal model is demonstrated. Naturally abundant 129Xe is polarized and introduced into the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats. Polarized xenon gas dissolves in the blood and is transported to the brain where it accumulates in brain tissue. Spectroscopic studies reveal a single, dominant, tissue-phase NMR resonance in the head at 194.5 ppm relative to the gas phase resonance. Images of 129Xe in the rat head were obtained with 98-microliter voxels by 2D chemical shift imaging and show that xenon is localized to the brain. This work establishes that nuclear polarization produced in the gas phases survives transport to the brain where it may be imaged. Increases in polarization and delivered volume of 129Xe will allow clinical measurements of regional cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Swanson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0553, USA
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25
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Johnson GA, Cates G, Chen XJ, Cofer GP, Driehuys B, Happer W, Hedlund LW, Saam B, Shattuck MD, Swartz J. Dynamics of magnetization in hyperpolarized gas MRI of the lung. Magn Reson Med 1997; 38:66-71. [PMID: 9211381 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetization in hyperpolarized gas (HP) MRI is generated by laser polarization that is independent of the magnet and imaging process. As a consequence, there is no equilibrium magnetization during the image acquisition. The competing processes of gas inflow and depolarization of the spins lead to large changes in signal as one samples k-space. A model is developed of dynamic changes in polarization of hyperpolarized 3He during infusion and in vivo imaging of the lung and verified experimentally in a live guinea pig. Projection encoding is used to measure the view-to-view variation with temporal resolution < 4 ms. Large excitation angles effectively sample the magnetization in the early stages of inflow, highlighting larger airways, while smaller excitation angles produce images of the more distal spaces. The work provides a basis for pulse sequences designed to effectively exploit HP MRI in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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26
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Anthony PL, Arnold RG, Band HR, Borel H, Bosted PE, Breton V, Cates GD, Chupp TE, Dietrich FS, Dunne J, Erbacher R, Fellbaum J, Fonvieille H, Gearhart R, Holmes R, Hughes EW, Johnson JR, Kawall D, Keppel C, Kuhn SE, Lombard-Nelsen RM, Marroncle J, Maruyama T, Meyer W, Meziani Z, Middleton H, Morgenstern J, Newbury NR, Petratos GG, Pitthan R, Prepost R, Roblin Y, Rock SE, Rokni SH, Shapiro G, Smith T, Souder PA, Spengos M, Staley F, Stuart LM, Szalata ZM, Terrien Y, Thompson AK, White JL, Woods M, Xu J, Young CC, Zapalac G. Deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized 3He and the study of the neutron spin structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 54:6620-6650. [PMID: 10020671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.54.6620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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28
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Stoner RE, Rosenberry MA, Wright JT, Chupp TE, Oteiza ER, Walsworth RL. Demonstration of a Two Species Noble Gas Maser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:3971-3974. [PMID: 10062355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Saam
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-0708, USA
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30
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Cummings WJ, Häusser O, Lorenzon W, Swenson DR, Larson B. Optical pumping of Rb vapor using high-power Ga1-xAlxAs diode laser arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:4842-4851. [PMID: 9912175 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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31
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Middleton H, Black RD, Saam B, Cates GD, Cofer GP, Guenther R, Happer W, Hedlund LW, Johnson GA, Juvan K. MR imaging with hyperpolarized 3He gas. Magn Reson Med 1995; 33:271-5. [PMID: 7707920 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910330219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance images of the lungs of a guinea pig have been produced using hyperpolarized helium as the source of the MR signal. The resulting images are not yet sufficiently optimized to reveal fine structural detail within the lung, but the spectacular signal from this normally signal-deficient organ system offers great promise for eventual in vivo imaging experiments. Fast 2D and 3D GRASS sequences with very small flip angles were employed to conserve the norenewable longitudinal magnetization. We discuss various unique features associated with performing MRI with hyperpolarized gases, such as the selection of the noble gas species, polarization technique, and constraints on the MR pulse sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Middleton
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, NJ 08544-0708, USA
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32
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Poelker M, Coulter KP, Holt RJ, Jones CE, Kowalczyk RS, Young L, Zeidman B, Toporkov DK. High-density production of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen and deuterium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:2450-2458. [PMID: 9911164 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Wagshul ME, Chupp TE. Laser optical pumping of high-density Rb in polarized 3He targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:3854-3869. [PMID: 9910682 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Barton AS, Newbury NR, Cates GD, Driehuys B, Middleton H, Saam B. Self-calibrating measurement of polarization-dependent frequency shifts from Rb-3He collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:2766-2770. [PMID: 9910557 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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Newbury NR, Barton AS, Cates GD, Happer W, Middleton H. Gaseous 3He-3He magnetic dipolar spin relaxation. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 1993; 48:4411-4420. [PMID: 9910144 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Anthony PL, Arnold RG, Band HR, Borel H, Bosted PE, Breton V, Cates GD, Chupp TE, Dietrich FS, Dunne J, Erbacher R, Fellbaum J, Fonvieille H, Gearhart R, Holmes R, Hughes EW, Johnson JR, Kawall D, Keppel C, Kuhn SE, Lombard-Nelsen RM, Marroncle J, Maruyama T, Meyer W, Meziani Z, Middleton H, Morgenstern J, Newbury NR, Petratos GG, Pitthan R, Prepost R, Roblin Y, Rock SE, Rokni SH, Shapiro G, Smith T, Souder PA, Spengos M, Staley F, Stuart LM, Szalata ZM, Terrien Y, Thompson AK, White JL, Woods M, Xu J, Young CC, Zapalac G. Determination of the neutron spin structure function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:959-962. [PMID: 10055413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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37
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Newbury NR, Barton AS, Bogorad P, Cates GD, Gatzke M, Mabuchi H, Saam B. Polarization-dependent frequency shifts from Rb-3He collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:558-568. [PMID: 9909629 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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38
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Brash EJ, Häusser O, Larson B, Rahav A, Green PW, Delheij PP, Henderson RS, Oelfke U, Vetterli MC, Whittal DM, Woloshyn RM. Proton-induced nucleon knockout from polarized 3He at 220 MeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1993; 47:2064-2076. [PMID: 9968663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Barton AS, Bogorad P, Cates GD, Mabuchi H, Middleton H, Newbury NR, Holmes R, McCracken J, Souder PA, Xu J, Tupa D. Highly polarized muonic He produced by collisions with laser optically pumped Rb. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:758-761. [PMID: 10054196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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40
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Walker T, Feng P, Hoffmann D, Williamson RS. Spin-polarized spontaneous-force atom trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 69:2168-2171. [PMID: 10046416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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41
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Rahav A, Häusser O, Woloshyn RM, Chupp TE, Delheij PP, Ferguson K, Henderson R, Jackson KP, Levy CD, Mildenberger J, Miller CA, Morrissette B, Vetterli MC. Nucleon knockout from polarized 3He by polarized protons at 290 MeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 46:1167-1177. [PMID: 9968225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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43
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Thompson AK, Bernstein AM, Chupp TE, DeAngelis DJ, Dodge GE, Dodson G, Dow KA, Farkhondeh M, Fong W, Kim JY, Loveman RA, Richardson JM, Schmieden H, Tieger DR, Yates TC, Wagshul ME, Zumbro JD. Quasielastic Scattering of Polarized Electrons from Polarized He3 and Measurement of the Neutron's Form Factors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:2901-2904. [PMID: 10045524 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Chupp TE, Loveman RA, Thompson AK, Bernstein AM, Tieger DR. Tests of a high density polarized 3He target for electron scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1992; 45:915-930. [PMID: 9967841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Coulter KP, Holt RJ, Kinney ER, Kowalczyk RS, Potterveld DH, Young L, Zeidman B, Zghiche A, Toporkov DK. Spin-exchange optical pumping as a source of spin-polarized atomic deuterium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:174-177. [PMID: 10045554 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Newbury NR, Barton AS, Bogorad P, Cates GD, Gatzke M, Saam B, Han L, Holmes R, Souder PA, Xu J, Benton D. Laser polarized muonic helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:3219-3222. [PMID: 10044677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Larson B, Häusser O, Delheij PP, Whittal DM, Thiessen D. Optical pumping of Rb in the presence of high-pressure 3He buffer gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:3108-3118. [PMID: 9906309 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Schaefer SR, Cates GD, Happer W. Determination of spin-exchange parameters between optically pumped rubidium and 83Kr. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 1990; 41:6063-6070. [PMID: 9903009 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.41.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chupp TE, Hoare RJ. Coherence in freely precessing 21Ne and a test of linearity of quantum mechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1990; 64:2261-2264. [PMID: 10041629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.64.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Knize RJ. Spin destruction in rubidium-rubidium and potassium-potassium collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 40:6219-6222. [PMID: 9902010 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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