1
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Dorchies F, Ta Phuoc K, Lecherbourg L. Nonequilibrium warm dense matter investigated with laser-plasma-based XANES down to the femtosecond. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054301. [PMID: 37720412 PMCID: PMC10505070 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of laser-plasma-based x-ray sources is discussed, with a view to carrying out time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, down to the femtosecond timescale. A review of recent experiments performed by our team is presented. They concern the study of the nonequilibrium transition of metals from solid to the warm dense regime, which imposes specific constraints (the sample being destroyed after each shot). Particular attention is paid to the description of experimental devices and methodologies. Two main types of x-ray sources are compared, respectively, based on the emission of a hot plasma, and on the betatron radiation from relativistic electrons accelerated by laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Dorchies
- Université, Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
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2
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Engel RY, Alexander O, Atak K, Bovensiepen U, Buck J, Carley R, Cascella M, Chardonnet V, Chiuzbaian GS, David C, Döring F, Eschenlohr A, Gerasimova N, de Groot F, Guyader LL, Humphries OS, Izquierdo M, Jal E, Kubec A, Laarmann T, Lambert CH, Lüning J, Marangos JP, Mercadier L, Mercurio G, Miedema PS, Ollefs K, Pfau B, Rösner B, Rossnagel K, Rothenbach N, Scherz A, Schlappa J, Scholz M, Schunck JO, Setoodehnia K, Stamm C, Techert S, Vinko SM, Wende H, Yaroslavtsev AA, Yin Z, Beye M. Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054501. [PMID: 37841290 PMCID: PMC10576398 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray-matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L 3 -edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Alexander
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaan Atak
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Sorin Chiuzbaian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Eschenlohr
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank de Groot
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - Adam Kubec
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jan Lüning
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Ollefs
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Pfau
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Nico Rothenbach
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Beye
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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3
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Nguyen QLD, Simoni J, Dorney KM, Shi X, Ellis JL, Brooks NJ, Hickstein DD, Grennell AG, Yazdi S, Campbell EEB, Tan LZ, Prendergast D, Daligault J, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM. Direct Observation of Enhanced Electron-Phonon Coupling in Copper Nanoparticles in the Warm-Dense Matter Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:085101. [PMID: 37683150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Warm dense matter (WDM) represents a highly excited state that lies at the intersection of solids, plasmas, and liquids and that cannot be described by equilibrium theories. The transient nature of this state when created in a laboratory, as well as the difficulties in probing the strongly coupled interactions between the electrons and the ions, make it challenging to develop a complete understanding of matter in this regime. In this work, by exciting isolated ∼8 nm copper nanoparticles with a femtosecond laser below the ablation threshold, we create uniformly excited WDM. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we measure the instantaneous electron temperature and extract the electron-ion coupling of the nanoparticle as it undergoes a solid-to-WDM phase transition. By comparing with state-of-the-art theories, we confirm that the superheated nanoparticles lie at the boundary between hot solids and plasmas, with associated strong electron-ion coupling. This is evidenced both by a fast energy loss of electrons to ions, and a strong modulation of the electron temperature induced by strong acoustic breathing modes that change the nanoparticle volume. This work demonstrates a new route for experimental exploration of the exotic properties of WDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh L D Nguyen
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jacopo Simoni
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M Dorney
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xun Shi
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ellis
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Nathan J Brooks
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Amanda G Grennell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309 80309, USA
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, Edinburgh University, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jerome Daligault
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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4
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Lecherbourg L, Recoules V, Renaudin P, Dorchies F. Dynamics of femtosecond heated warm dense copper with time-resolved L3-edge XANES. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220214. [PMID: 37393940 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Combining experimental set up and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we were able to follow the time evolution of the X-ray absorption near edge spectrum (XANES) of a dense copper plasma. This provides a deep insight into femtosecond laser interaction with a metallic copper target. This paper presents a review of the experimental developments we made to reduce the X-ray probe duration, from approximately 10 ps to fs duration with table-top laser systems. Moreover, we present microscopic scale simulations, performed with Density Functional Theory, as well as macroscopic simulations considering the Two-Temperature Model. These tools allow us to get a complete picture of the evolution of the target at a microscopic level, from the heating process to the melting and expansion stages, with a clear view of the physics involved during these processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and transient processes in warm dense matter'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Lecherbourg
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon 91297, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, Bruyères-le-Châtel 91680, France
| | - Vanina Recoules
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon 91297, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, Bruyères-le-Châtel 91680, France
| | | | - Fabien Dorchies
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, Talence 33400, France
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5
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Sawada H, Yabuuchi T, Higashi N, Iwasaki T, Kawasaki K, Maeda Y, Izumi T, Nakagawa Y, Shigemori K, Sakawa Y, Curry CB, Frost M, Iwata N, Ogitsu T, Sueda K, Togashi T, Glenzer SH, Kemp AJ, Ping Y, Sentoku Y. Ultrafast time-resolved 2D imaging of laser-driven fast electron transport in solid density matter using an x-ray free electron laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033511. [PMID: 37012804 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High-power, short-pulse laser-driven fast electrons can rapidly heat and ionize a high-density target before it hydrodynamically expands. The transport of such electrons within a solid target has been studied using two-dimensional (2D) imaging of electron-induced Kα radiation. However, it is currently limited to no or picosecond scale temporal resolutions. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond time-resolved 2D imaging of fast electron transport in a solid copper foil using the SACLA x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). An unfocused collimated x-ray beam produced transmission images with sub-micron and ∼10 fs resolutions. The XFEL beam, tuned to its photon energy slightly above the Cu K-edge, enabled 2D imaging of transmission changes induced by electron isochoric heating. Time-resolved measurements obtained by varying the time delay between the x-ray probe and the optical laser show that the signature of the electron-heated region expands at ∼25% of the speed of light in a picosecond duration. Time-integrated Cu Kα images support the electron energy and propagation distance observed with the transmission imaging. The x-ray near-edge transmission imaging with a tunable XFEL beam could be broadly applicable for imaging isochorically heated targets by laser-driven relativistic electrons, energetic protons, or an intense x-ray beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawada
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - T Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - N Higashi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Iwasaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kawasaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Maeda
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - C B Curry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Frost
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Sueda
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Kas JJ, Vila FD, Tan TS, Rehr JJ. Ab initio calculation of X-ray and related core-level spectroscopies: Green's function approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13461-13473. [PMID: 35616020 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-Ray and related spectroscopies are powerful probes of atomic, vibrational, and electronic structure. In order to unlock the full potential of such experimental techniques, accurate and efficient theoretical and computational approaches are essential. Here we review the status of a variety of first-principles and nearly first principles techniques for X-ray spectroscopies such as X-ray absorption, X-ray emission, and X-ray photoemission, with a focus on Green's function based methods. In particular, we describe the current state of multiple scattering Green's function techniques available in the FEFF10 code and cumulant Green's function techniques for including the effects of many-body electronic excitations. Illustrative examples are shown for a variety of materials and compared with other theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tun S Tan
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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7
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Vinson J. Advances in the OCEAN-3 spectroscopy package. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12787-12803. [PMID: 35608324 PMCID: PMC9844114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The OCEAN code for calculating valence- and core-level spectra using the Bethe-Salpeter equation is briefly reviewed. OCEAN is capable of calculating optical absorption, near-edge X-ray absorption or non-resonant scattering, and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, requiring only the structure of the material as input. Improved default behavior and reduced input requirements are detailed as well as new capabilities, such as incorporation of final-state-dependent broadening, finite-temperature dependence, and flexibility in the density-functional theory exchange-correlation potentials. OCEAN is built on top of a plane-wave, pseudopotential, density-functional theory foundation, and calculations are shown for systems ranging in size up to 7 nm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vinson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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8
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Liang JH, Hu TX, Wu D, Sheng ZM. Kinetic studies of exchange-correlation effect on the collective excitations of warm dense plasmas. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:045206. [PMID: 35590614 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.045206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The exchange-correlation of electrons, as a fundamental effect in quantum mechanics, plays an important role in the collective motions of electrons in warm dense matter. We derive the quantum kinetic equations based on the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation. By using a temperature-dependent functional for the exchange correlation, the excitations of electrostatic waves are analyzed under the adiabatic local density approximation (ALDA). We find that the influences of the exchange-correlation effect on the group velocity of electrostatic waves can be as high as 10% when both the density and temperature are low. Moreover, we also compare the results obtained by using ALDA-based kinetic theory, exchange kinetic theory, and quantum hydrodynamics, and discuss the differences among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong-Hang Liang
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Xing Hu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - D Wu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Mao Sheng
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ultrafast atomic view of laser-induced melting and breathing motion of metallic liquid clusters with MeV ultrafast electron diffraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111949119. [PMID: 35074922 PMCID: PMC8795546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111949119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense lasers can be used to drive materials into transient states far from equilibrium. Investigations of such states and processes at the atomic scale are of fundamental significance in understanding a material’s behavior under extreme conditions. Herein, an ultrafast electron diffraction technique is used to track the atomic pathway of the entire melting process of aluminum and reveal a coherent breathing motion of polyhedral clusters in transient liquid aluminum at high temperature and high pressure. The negative expansion behavior of interatomic distances in a superheated liquid state upon heating is observed. These findings provide insight into ultrafast structural transformations and transient atomic dynamics under extreme conditions. Under the irradiation of an ultrafast intense laser, solid materials can be driven into nonequilibrium states undergoing an ultrafast solid–liquid phase transition. Understanding such nonequilibrium states is essential for scientific research and industrial applications because they exist in various processes including laser fusion and laser machining yet challenging in the sense that high resolution and single-shot capability are required for the measurements. Herein, an ultrafast diffraction technique with megaelectron-volt (MeV) electrons is used to resolve the atomic pathway over the entire laser-induced ultrafast melting process, from the initial loss of long-range order and the formation of high-density liquid to the progressive evolution of short-range order and relaxation into the metastable low-density liquid state. High-resolution measurements using electron pulse compression and a time-stamping technique reveal a coherent breathing motion of polyhedral clusters in transient liquid aluminum during the ultrafast melting process, as indicated by the oscillation of the interatomic distance between the center atom and atoms in the nearest-neighbor shell. Furthermore, contraction of interatomic distance was observed in a superheated liquid state with temperatures up to 6,000 K. The results provide an atomic view of melting accompanied with internal pressure relaxation and are critical for understanding the structures and properties of matter under extreme conditions.
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10
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Grolleau A, Dorchies F, Jourdain N, Ta Phuoc K, Gautier J, Mahieu B, Renaudin P, Recoules V, Martinez P, Lecherbourg L. Femtosecond Resolution of the Nonballistic Electron Energy Transport in Warm Dense Copper. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:275901. [PMID: 35061440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.275901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast electron energy transport is investigated in laser-heated warm dense copper in a high flux regime (2.5±0.7×10^{13} W/cm^{2} absorbed). The dynamics of the electron temperature is retrieved from femtosecond time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy near the Cu L3 edge. A characteristic time of ∼1 ps is observed for the increase in the average temperature in a 100 nm thick sample. Data are well reproduced by two-temperature hydrodynamic simulations, which support energy transport dominated by thermal conduction rather than ballistic electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grolleau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - F Dorchies
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - N Jourdain
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS UMR 7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Gautier
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS UMR 7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Mahieu
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS UMR 7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - P Martinez
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - L Lecherbourg
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS UMR 7639, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
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11
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Lee JW, Kim M, Kang G, Vinko SM, Bae L, Cho MS, Chung HK, Kim M, Kwon S, Lee G, Nam CH, Park SH, Sohn JH, Yang SH, Zastrau U, Cho BI. Investigation of Nonequilibrium Electronic Dynamics of Warm Dense Copper with Femtosecond X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:175003. [PMID: 34739265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.175003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast optical excitation of matter leads to highly excited states that are far from equilibrium. In this study, femtosecond x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to visualize the ultrafast dynamics in photoexcited warm dense Cu. The rich dynamical features related to d vacancies are observed on femtosecond timescales. Despite the success in explaining x-ray absorption data in the picosecond regime, the new femtosecond data are poorly understood through the traditional two-temperature model based on the fast thermalization concept and the static electronic structure for high-temperature metals. An improved understanding can be achieved by including the recombination dynamics of nonthermal electrons and changes in the screening of the excited d block. The population balance between the 4sp and 3d bands is mainly determined by the recombination rate of nonthermal electrons, and the underpopulated 3d block is initially strongly downshifted and recovered in several hundreds of femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongbo Kang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam M Vinko
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3PU, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Leejin Bae
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Chung
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyusang Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyeob Sohn
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeok Yang
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulf Zastrau
- European XFEL Gmbh, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Byoung Ick Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen Z, Tsui YY, Mo MZ, Fedosejevs R, Ozaki T, Recoules V, Sterne PA, Ng A. Electron Kinetics Induced by Ultrafast Photoexcitation of Warm Dense Matter in a 30-nm-Thick Foil. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:097403. [PMID: 34506197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.097403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the study of electron kinetics induced by intense femtosecond (fs) laser excitation of electrons in the 5d band of Au. Changes in the electron system are observed from the temporal evolution of ac conductivity and conduction electron density. The results reveal an increase of electron thermalization time with excitation energy density, contrary to the Fermi-liquid behavior of the decrease of thermalization time associated with the heating of conduction electrons. This is attributed to the severe mitigation of photoexcitation by Auger decay. The study also uncovers the shortening of 5d hole lifetime with the increase of photoexcitation rates. These unique findings provide valuable insights for understanding electron kinetics under extreme nonequilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - M Z Mo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - T Ozaki
- INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Varennes, Quebec J3X-1S2, Canada
| | - V Recoules
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - P A Sterne
- Lawerence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Colombia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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13
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Karasiev VV, Hu SX. Unraveling the intrinsic atomic physics behind x-ray absorption line shifts in warm dense silicon plasmas. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:033202. [PMID: 33862735 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a free-energy density functional theory (DFT)-based methodology for optical property calculations of warm dense matter to cover a wide range of thermodynamic conditions and photon energies including the entire x-ray range. It uses Mermin-Kohn-Sham density functional theory with exchange-correlation (XC) thermal effects taken into account via a fully temperature dependent generalized gradient approximation XC functional. The methodology incorporates a combination of the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) snapshotted Kubo-Greenwood optic data with a single atom in simulation cell calculations to close the photon energy gap between the L and K edges and extend the K-edge tail toward many-keV photon energies. This gap arises in the standard scheme due to a prohibitively large number of bands required for the Kubo-Greenwood calculations with AIMD snapshots. Kubo-Greenwood data on snapshots provide an accurate description of optic properties at low photon frequencies slightly beyond the L edge and x-ray absorption near edges structure (XANES) spectra, while data from periodic calculations with single atoms cover the tail regions beyond the edges. To demonstrate its applicability to mid-Z materials where the standard DFT-based approach is not computationally feasible, we have applied it to opacity calculations of warm dense silicon plasmas. These first-principles calculations revealed a very interesting phenomenon of redshift-to-blueshift in K-L (1s→2p) and K-edge absorptions along both isotherm and isochore, which are absent in most continuum-lowering models of traditional plasma physics. This new physics phenomenon can be attributed to the underlying competition between the screening of deeply bound core electrons and the screening of outer-shell electrons caused by warm-dense-plasma conditions. We further demonstrate that the ratio of 1s→2p to the K-edge x-ray absorptions can be used to characterize warm-dense-plasma conditions. Eventually, based on our absorption calculations, we have established a first-principles opacity table (FPOT) for silicon in a wide range of material densities and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623 USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623 USA
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14
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Jourdain N, Lecherbourg L, Recoules V, Renaudin P, Dorchies F. Ultrafast Thermal Melting in Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Copper. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:065001. [PMID: 33635705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of the loss of crystalline periodicity is investigated in femtosecond laser heated warm dense copper, by the original use of x-ray absorption near-edge specific structures just above the L3 edge. The characteristic time is observed near 1 ps, for specific energy density ranging from 1 to 5 MJ/kg, using ps-resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The overall experimental data are well reproduced with two-temperature hydrodynamic simulations, supporting a thermal phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jourdain
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Lecherbourg
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - F Dorchies
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
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15
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16
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Lee JW, Kang G, Kim M, Kim M, Park SH, Kwon S, Yang S, Cho BI. Femtosecond soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of warm dense matter at the PAL-XFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:953-958. [PMID: 33566003 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752000524x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron laser pulse-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on warm dense copper are presented. The incident X-ray pulse energies were measured with a detector assembly consisting of a photocathode membrane and microchannel plates, and the transmitted energies were measured simultaneously with a photodiode detector. The precision of the absorption measurements was evaluated. For a warm dense copper foil irradiated by an intense femtosecond laser pulse, the enhanced X-ray absorption below the L3-edge, followed by the rapid evolution of highly excited Fermi liquid within a picosecond, were successfully measured. This result demonstrates a unique capability to study femtosecond non-equilibrium electron-hole dynamics in extreme states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongbo Kang
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Han Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonnam Kwon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeok Yang
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ick Cho
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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17
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Vinko SM, Vozda V, Andreasson J, Bajt S, Bielecki J, Burian T, Chalupsky J, Ciricosta O, Desjarlais MP, Fleckenstein H, Hajdu J, Hajkova V, Hollebon P, Juha L, Kasim MF, McBride EE, Muehlig K, Preston TR, Rackstraw DS, Roling S, Toleikis S, Wark JS, Zacharias H. Time-Resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm Dense Aluminum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:225002. [PMID: 32567902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.225002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order of the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity enhancement are observed on ultrafast timescales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - V Vozda
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Andreasson
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - S Bajt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Bielecki
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - T Burian
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Chalupsky
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - O Ciricosta
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Pulsed Power Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - H Fleckenstein
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hajdu
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Hajkova
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - P Hollebon
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - M F Kasim
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E E McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Muehlig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T R Preston
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - D S Rackstraw
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Roling
- Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - H Zacharias
- Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Kettle B, Gerstmayr E, Streeter MJV, Albert F, Baggott RA, Bourgeois N, Cole JM, Dann S, Falk K, Gallardo González I, Hussein AE, Lemos N, Lopes NC, Lundh O, Ma Y, Rose SJ, Spindloe C, Symes DR, Šmíd M, Thomas AGR, Watt R, Mangles SPD. Single-Shot Multi-keV X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using an Ultrashort Laser-Wakefield Accelerator Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:254801. [PMID: 31922780 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.254801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot absorption measurements have been performed using the multi-keV x rays generated by a laser-wakefield accelerator. A 200 TW laser was used to drive a laser-wakefield accelerator in a mode which produced broadband electron beams with a maximum energy above 1 GeV and a broad divergence of ≈15 mrad FWHM. Betatron oscillations of these electrons generated 1.2±0.2×10^{6} photons/eV in the 5 keV region, with a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 300∶1. This was sufficient to allow high-resolution x-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements at the K edge of a titanium sample in a single shot. We demonstrate that this source is capable of single-shot, simultaneous measurements of both the electron and ion distributions in matter heated to eV temperatures by comparison with density functional theory simulations. The unique combination of a high-flux, large bandwidth, few femtosecond duration x-ray pulse synchronized to a high-power laser will enable key advances in the study of ultrafast energetic processes such as electron-ion equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kettle
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E Gerstmayr
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M J V Streeter
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R A Baggott
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Dann
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - K Falk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - A E Hussein
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N C Lopes
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, U.L., Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Ma
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rose
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Spindloe
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Šmíd
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A G R Thomas
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
| | - R Watt
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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19
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X-ray Spectroscopies of High Energy Density Matter Created with X-ray Free Electron Lasers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress in the development of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allows for the delivery of over 1011 high-energy photons to solid-density samples in a femtosecond time scale. The corresponding peak brightness of XFEL induces a nonlinear response of matter in a short-wavelength regime. The absorption of an XFEL pulse in a solid also results in the creation of high energy density (HED) matter. The electronic structure and related fundamental properties of such HED matter can be investigated with the control of XFEL and various X-ray spectroscopic techniques. These experimental data provide unique opportunities to benchmark theories and models for extreme conditions and to guide further advances. In this article, the current progress in spectroscopic studies on intense XFEL–matter interactions and HED matter are reviewed, and future research opportunities are discussed.
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20
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Seo O, Kim J, Song C, Katsuya Y, Shimada Y, Yamada T, Sakata O. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction system for study of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 films under a temporal electric field at BL15XU, SPring-8. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:093001. [PMID: 31575251 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of a time-resolved X-ray diffraction system to study a piezoelectric material under a temporal electric field at the BL15XU NIMS beamline, at SPring-8 in Japan. By synchronizing focused X-rays onto a device under an applied electric field with a two-dimensional detector and measurements performed with respect to the synchrotron clock signal, we successfully observed shifts of the 222 Bragg peak of 750-nm-thick Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 films near time zero under a unipolar rectangular wave at 24 V. We expect that this system might be useful for understanding the piezoresponse, lattice dynamics, and domain switching dynamics of functional oxide thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okkyun Seo
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Jaemyung Kim
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Chulho Song
- Synchrotron X-ray Station as SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshio Katsuya
- Synchrotron X-ray Station as SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Tomoaki Yamada
- Department of Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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21
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Ma Q, Dai J, Kang D, Murillo MS, Hou Y, Zhao Z, Yuan J. Extremely Low Electron-ion Temperature Relaxation Rates in Warm Dense Hydrogen: Interplay between Quantum Electrons and Coupled Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:015001. [PMID: 31012692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and computational modeling of nonequilibrium processes in warm dense matter represents a significant challenge. The electron-ion relaxation process in warm dense hydrogen is investigated here by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics using the constrained electron force field (CEFF) method. CEFF evolves wave packets that incorporate dynamic quantum diffraction that obviates the Coulomb catastrophe. Predictions from this model reveal temperature relaxation times as much as three times longer than prior molecular dynamics results based on quantum statistical potentials. Through analyses of energy distributions and mean free paths, this result can be traced to delocalization. Finally, an improved GMS [Gericke, Murillo, and Schlanges, Phys. Rev. E 78, 025401 (2008)PRESCM1539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.78.025401] model is proposed, in which the Coulomb logarithms are in good agreement with CEFF results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Kang
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P. R. China
| | - M S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zengxiu Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P. R. China
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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22
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Chen Z, Mo M, Soulard L, Recoules V, Hering P, Tsui YY, Glenzer SH, Ng A. Interatomic Potential in the Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Matter Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:075002. [PMID: 30169102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new measurement of lattice disassembly times in femtosecond-laser-heated polycrystalline Au nanofoils. The results are compared with molecular dynamics simulations incorporating a highly optimized, embedded-atom-method interatomic potential. For absorbed energy densities of 0.9-4.3 MJ/kg, the agreement between the experiment and simulation reveals a single-crystal-like behavior of homogeneous melting and corroborates the applicability of the interatomic potential in the nonequilibrium warm dense matter regime. For energy densities below 0.9 MJ/kg, the measurement is consistent with nanocrystal behavior where melting is initiated at the grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Soulard
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - P Hering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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23
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Mahieu B, Jourdain N, Ta Phuoc K, Dorchies F, Goddet JP, Lifschitz A, Renaudin P, Lecherbourg L. Probing warm dense matter using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a laser-produced betatron source. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3276. [PMID: 30115918 PMCID: PMC6095895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge. Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental probing method, as it can simultaneously reveal both electronic and atomic structures, and thus potentially unravel their nonequilibrium dynamic interplay which is at the origin of most of the ultrafast mechanisms. However, despite considerable efforts, there is still no femtosecond X-ray source suitable for routine experiments. Here we show that betatron radiation from relativistic laser−plasma interaction combines ideal features for femtosecond XAS. It has been used to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a copper sample brought at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure by a femtosecond laser pulse. We measured a rise-time of the electron temperature below 100 fs. This experiment demonstrates the great potential of the table-top betatron source which makes possible the investigation of unexplored ultrafast processes in manifold fields of research. Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of materials under extreme conditions is challenging. Here the authors use a femtosecond betatron X-ray source to investigate the solid to dense plasma phase transition in copper using XAS with unprecedented time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahieu
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - N Jourdain
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, 33400, Talence, France.,CEA-DAM-DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Dorchies
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, 33400, Talence, France
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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24
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Kas JJ, Rehr JJ. Finite Temperature Green's Function Approach for Excited State and Thermodynamic Properties of Cool to Warm Dense Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:176403. [PMID: 29219457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a finite-temperature extension of the retarded cumulant Green's function for calculations of exited-state, correlation, and thermodynamic properties of electronic systems. The method incorporates a cumulant to leading order in the screened Coulomb interaction W, and improves on the GW approximation of many-body perturbation theory. Results for the homogeneous electron gas are presented for a wide range of densities and temperatures, from cool to warm dense matter regimes, which reveal several hitherto unexpected properties. For example, correlation effects remain strong at high T while the exchange-correlation energy becomes small; also the spectral function broadens and damping increases with temperature, blurring the usual quasiparticle picture. These effects are evident, e.g., in Compton scattering which exhibits many-body corrections that persist at normal densities and intermediate T. The approach also yields exchange-correlation energies and potentials in good agreement with existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Kas
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J J Rehr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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25
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Experimental evidence for short-pulse laser heating of solid-density target to high bulk temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12144. [PMID: 28939883 PMCID: PMC5610192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heating efficiently solid-density, or even compressed, matter has been a long-sought goal in order to allow investigation of the properties of such state of matter of interest for various domains, e.g. astrophysics. High-power lasers, pinches, and more recently Free-Electron-Lasers (FELs) have been used in this respect. Here we show that by using the high-power, high-contrast “PEARL” laser (Institute of Applied Physics-Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) delivering 7.5 J in a 60 fs laser pulse, such coupling can be efficiently obtained, resulting in heating of a slab of solid-density Al of 0.8 µm thickness at a temperature of 300 eV, and with minimal density gradients. The characterization of the target heating is achieved combining X-ray spectrometry and measurement of the protons accelerated from the Al slab. The measured heating conditions are consistent with a three-temperatures model that simulates resistive and collisional heating of the bulk induced by the hot electrons. Such effective laser energy deposition is achieved owing to the intrinsic high contrast of the laser which results from the Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification technology it is based on, allowing to attain high target temperatures in a very compact manner, e.g. in comparison with large-scale FEL facilities.
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26
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Hu SX. Continuum Lowering and Fermi-Surface Rising in Strongly Coupled and Degenerate Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:065001. [PMID: 28949647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuum lowering is a well known and important physics concept that describes the ionization potential depression (IPD) in plasmas caused by thermal- or pressure-induced ionization of outer-shell electrons. The existing IPD models are often used to characterize plasma conditions and to gauge opacity calculations. Recent precision measurements have revealed deficits in our understanding of continuum lowering in dense hot plasmas. However, these investigations have so far been limited to IPD in strongly coupled but nondegenerate plasmas. Here, we report a first-principles study of the K-edge shifting in both strongly coupled and fully degenerate carbon plasmas, with quantum molecular dynamics calculations based on the all-electron density-functional theory. The resulting K-edge shifting versus plasma density, as a probe to the continuum lowering and the Fermi-surface rising, is found to be significantly different from predictions of existing IPD models. In contrast, a simple model of "single-atom-in-box," developed in this work, accurately predicts K-edge locations as ab initio calculations provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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27
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Principi E, Giangrisostomi E, Cucini R, Bencivenga F, Battistoni A, Gessini A, Mincigrucci R, Saito M, Di Fonzo S, D'Amico F, Di Cicco A, Gunnella R, Filipponi A, Giglia A, Nannarone S, Masciovecchio C. Free electron laser-driven ultrafast rearrangement of the electronic structure in Ti. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:023604. [PMID: 26798835 PMCID: PMC4720112 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-energy density extreme ultraviolet radiation delivered by the FERMI seeded free-electron laser has been used to create an exotic nonequilibrium state of matter in a titanium sample characterized by a highly excited electron subsystem at temperatures in excess of 10 eV and a cold solid-density ion lattice. The obtained transient state has been investigated through ultrafast absorption spectroscopy across the Ti M2,3-edge revealing a drastic rearrangement of the sample electronic structure around the Fermi level occurring on a time scale of about 100 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Principi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - E Giangrisostomi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - R Cucini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - F Bencivenga
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A Battistoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A Gessini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - R Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - M Saito
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - S Di Fonzo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - F D'Amico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A Di Cicco
- CNISM, Dip. di Fisica, Università di Camerino , Via Mad. delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - R Gunnella
- CNISM, Dip. di Fisica, Università di Camerino , Via Mad. delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - A Filipponi
- Dip. di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell'Aquila , Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Giglia
- IOM-CNR , S.S. 14, km. 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | | | - C Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
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28
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Cho BI, Ogitsu T, Engelhorn K, Correa AA, Ping Y, Lee JW, Bae LJ, Prendergast D, Falcone RW, Heimann PA. Measurement of Electron-Ion Relaxation in Warm Dense Copper. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18843. [PMID: 26733236 PMCID: PMC4702138 DOI: 10.1038/srep18843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental investigation of electron-ion coupling and electron heat capacity of copper in warm and dense states are presented. From time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy, the temporal evolution of electron temperature is obtained for non-equilibrium warm dense copper heated by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Electron heat capacity and electron-ion coupling are inferred from the initial electron temperature and its decrease over 10 ps. Data are compared with various theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
| | - T Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A A Correa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
| | - L J Bae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
| | - D Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R W Falcone
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P A Heimann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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29
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Pradhan E, Magyar RJ, Akimov AV. Scaling relationships for nonadiabatic energy relaxation times in warm dense matter: toward understanding the equation of state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32466-32476. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of nonadiabatic ion-electron energy transfer rates in warm dense aluminum on the mass density and temperature with decoherence changing this relationship qualitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolph J. Magyar
- Center for Computing Research
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
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30
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Hertlein MP, Scholl A, Cordones AA, Lee JH, Engelhorn K, Glover TE, Barbrel B, Sun C, Steier C, Portmann G, Robin DS. X-rays only when you want them: optimized pump-probe experiments using pseudo-single-bunch operation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:729-35. [PMID: 25931090 PMCID: PMC4416684 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser pump-X-ray probe experiments require control over the X-ray pulse pattern and timing. Here, the first use of pseudo-single-bunch mode at the Advanced Light Source in picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption experiments on solutions and solids is reported. In this mode the X-ray repetition rate is fully adjustable from single shot to 500 kHz, allowing it to be matched to typical laser excitation pulse rates. Suppressing undesired X-ray pulses considerably reduces detector noise and improves signal to noise in time-resolved experiments. In addition, dose-induced sample damage is considerably reduced, easing experimental setup and allowing the investigation of less robust samples. Single-shot X-ray exposures of a streak camera detector using a conventional non-gated charge-coupled device (CCD) camera are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Hertlein
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. Scholl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. A. Cordones
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J. H. Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. Engelhorn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T. E. Glover
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. Barbrel
- Department of Physics, University of California, 366 LeConte Hall, MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. Sun
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. Steier
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G. Portmann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. S. Robin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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31
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Zhou J, Correa AA, Li J, Tang S, Ping Y, Ogitsu T, Li D, Zhou Q, Cao J. Dynamics of charge clouds ejected from laser-induced warm dense gold nanofilms. Phys Rev E 2014; 90:041102. [PMID: 25375431 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of the ejected charge dynamics surrounding laser-produced 30-nm warm dense gold films using single-shot femtosecond electron shadow imaging and deflectometry. The results reveal a two-step dynamical process of the ejected electrons under high pump fluence conditions: an initial emission and accumulation of a large amount of electrons near the pumped surface region, followed by the formation of hemispherical clouds of electrons on both sides of the film, which escape into the vacuum at a nearly isotropic and constant velocity with an unusually high kinetic energy of more than 300 eV. We also developed a model of the escaping charge distribution that not only reproduces the main features of the observed charge expansion dynamics but also allows us to extract the number of ejected electrons remaining in the cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Physics Department and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Alfredo A Correa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Shao Tang
- Physics Department and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Yuan Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Tadashi Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Physics Department and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Physics Department and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Jianming Cao
- Physics Department and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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32
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McMahon MI. High-pressure X-ray science on the ultimate storage ring. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:1077-1083. [PMID: 25177996 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514012855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the ESRF, APS and SPring-8 third-generation synchrotron sources in the mid-1990s heralded a golden age of high-pressure X-ray science. The high-energy monochromatic micro-focused X-ray beams from these storage rings, combined with the new high-pressure diffraction and spectroscopy techniques developed in the late 1980s, meant that researchers were immediately able to make detailed structural studies at pressures comparable with those at the centre of the Earth, studies that were simply not possible only five years previously. And new techniques, such as X-ray inelastic scattering and X-ray nuclear scattering, became possible at high pressure for the first time, providing wholly-new insight into the behaviour of materials at high densities. The arrival of new diffraction-limited storage rings, with their much greater brightness, and ability to achieve focal-spot diameters for high-energy X-ray beams of below 1 µm, offers the possibility of a new generation of high-pressure science, both extending the scope of what is already possible, and also opening ways to wholly-new areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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33
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Leguay PM, Lévy A, Chimier B, Deneuville F, Descamps D, Fourment C, Goyon C, Hulin S, Petit S, Peyrusse O, Santos JJ, Combis P, Holst B, Recoules V, Renaudin P, Videau L, Dorchies F. Ultrafast short-range disordering of femtosecond-laser-heated warm dense aluminum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:245004. [PMID: 24483671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.245004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have probed, with time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), a femtosecond-laser-heated aluminum foil with fluences up to 1 J/cm2. The spectra reveal a loss of the short-range order in a few picoseconds. This time scale is compared with the electron-ion equilibration time, calculated with a two-temperature model. Hydrodynamic simulations shed light on complex features that affect the foil dynamics, including progressive density change from solid to liquid (∼10 ps). In this density range, quantum molecular dynamics simulations indicate that XANES is a relevant probe of the ionic temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Leguay
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A Lévy
- Ecole Polytechnique, LULI (Laboratoire d'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses), UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Chimier
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - F Deneuville
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - D Descamps
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C Goyon
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - S Petit
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - O Peyrusse
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P Combis
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - B Holst
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - L Videau
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - F Dorchies
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
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34
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Mo MZ, Chen Z, Fourmaux S, Saraf A, Otani K, Kieffer JC, Tsui YY, Ng A, Fedosejevs R. Laser wakefield generated X-ray probe for femtosecond time-resolved measurements of ionization states of warm dense aluminum. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:123106. [PMID: 24387419 DOI: 10.1063/1.4842237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a laser wakefield generated X-ray probe to directly measure the temporal evolution of the ionization states in warm dense aluminum by means of absorption spectroscopy. As a promising alternative to the free electron excited X-ray sources, Betatron X-ray radiation, with femtosecond pulse duration, provides a new technique to diagnose femtosecond to picosecond transitions in the atomic structure. The X-ray probe system consists of an adjustable Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope for focusing the Betatron emission to a small probe spot on the sample being measured, and a flat Potassium Acid Phthalate Bragg crystal spectrometer to measure the transmitted X-ray spectrum in the region of the aluminum K-edge absorption lines. An X-ray focal spot size of around 50 μm was achieved after reflection from the platinum-coated 10-cm-long KB microscope mirrors. Shot to shot positioning stability of the Betatron radiation was measured resulting in an rms shot to shot variation in spatial pointing on the sample of 16 μm. The entire probe setup had a spectral resolution of ~1.5 eV, a detection bandwidth of ~24 eV, and an overall photon throughput efficiency of the order of 10(-5). Approximately 10 photons were detected by the X-ray CCD per laser shot within the spectrally resolved detection band. Thus, it is expected that hundreds of shots will be required per absorption spectrum to clearly observe the K-shell absorption features expected from the ionization states of the warm dense aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Mo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - S Fourmaux
- INRS-EMT, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - A Saraf
- INRS-EMT, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - K Otani
- INRS-EMT, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - J C Kieffer
- INRS-EMT, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - A Ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
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35
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Ping Y, Hicks DG, Yaakobi B, Coppari F, Eggert J, Collins GW. A platform for x-ray absorption fine structure study of dynamically compressed materials above 1 Mbar. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:123105. [PMID: 24387418 DOI: 10.1063/1.4841935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A platform consisting of a multi-shock drive and an implosion backlighter has been developed for x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on materials compressed to multi-Mbar pressures. The experimental setup, target design, and backlighter characteristics are presented. Extended XAFS (EXAFS) measurements for various materials have been demonstrated. A quintuple-crystal design is described to enhance the efficiency of the x-ray spectrometer, enabling observation of very weak EXAFS signals in a single shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Yaakobi
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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36
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Feng J, Nasiatka J, Hertlein M, Rude B, Padmore H. Compact cryogenically cooled Ti:Sapphire dual multi-kilohertz amplifiers for synchrotron radiation ultra-fast x-ray applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:053111. [PMID: 23742536 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-doped sapphire regenerative dual-amplifier array operating at multi-kHz repetition rates has been developed for synchrotron radiation ultra-fast x-ray applications. The thermal lensing of the crystal in the amplifiers is virtually eliminated by cryogenic cooling of the laser crystal. The output energy of the amplifiers is measured to be greater than 2.6 mJ and the pulse length was compressed to less than 70 fs. The output laser mode is a near perfect Gaussian TEM00 with an M(2) factor of 1.02. The performance of the amplifier system is in excellent agreement with theoretical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feng
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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