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Zhang X, Banerjee A, Leyser M, Perez G, Schiller S, Budker D, Antypas D. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter with Spectroscopy of Radio-Frequency Atomic Transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:251002. [PMID: 37418735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.251002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of scalar and pseudoscalar ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) were searched for by comparing the frequency of a quartz oscillator to that of a hyperfine-structure transition in ^{87}Rb, and an electronic transition in ^{164}Dy. We constrain linear interactions between a scalar UBDM field and standard-model (SM) fields for an underlying UBDM particle mass in the range 1×10^{-17}-8.3×10^{-13} eV and quadratic interactions between a pseudoscalar UBDM field and SM fields in the range 5×10^{-18}-4.1×10^{-13} eV. Within regions of the respective ranges, our constraints on linear interactions significantly improve on results from previous, direct searches for oscillations in atomic parameters, while constraints on quadratic interactions surpass limits imposed by such direct searches as well as by astrophysical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Mahapan Leyser
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gilad Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Stephan Schiller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dionysios Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
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2
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Kobayashi T, Takamizawa A, Akamatsu D, Kawasaki A, Nishiyama A, Hosaka K, Hisai Y, Wada M, Inaba H, Tanabe T, Yasuda M. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter from Long-Term Frequency Comparisons of Optical and Microwave Atomic Clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:241301. [PMID: 36563281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We search for ultralight scalar dark matter candidates that induce oscillations of the fine structure constant, the electron and quark masses, and the quantum chromodynamics energy scale with frequency comparison data between a ^{171}Yb optical lattice clock and a ^{133}Cs fountain microwave clock that span 298 days with an uptime of 15.4%. New limits on the couplings of the scalar dark matter to electrons and gluons in the mass range from 10^{-22} to 10^{-20} eV/c^{2} are set, assuming that each of these couplings is the dominant source of the modulation in the frequency ratio. The absolute frequency of the ^{171}Yb clock transition is also determined as 518 295 836 590 863.69(28) Hz, which is one of the important contributions toward a redefinition of the second in the International System of Units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takamizawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akamatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Kawasaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Hosaka
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hisai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Hajime Inaba
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tanabe
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masami Yasuda
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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3
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Hees A, Do T, Roberts BM, Ghez AM, Nishiyama S, Bentley RO, Gautam AK, Jia S, Kara T, Lu JR, Saida H, Sakai S, Takahashi M, Takamori Y. Search for a Variation of the Fine Structure Constant around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:081101. [PMID: 32167338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for space-time variations of the constants of Nature is a promising way to search for new physics beyond general relativity and the standard model motivated by unification theories and models of dark matter and dark energy. We propose a new way to search for a variation of the fine-structure constant using measurements of late-type evolved giant stars from the S star cluster orbiting the supermassive black hole in our Galactic Center. A measurement of the difference between distinct absorption lines (with different sensitivity to the fine structure constant) from a star leads to a direct estimate of a variation of the fine structure constant between the star's location and Earth. Using spectroscopic measurements of five stars, we obtain a constraint on the relative variation of the fine structure constant below 10^{-5}. This is the first time a varying constant of nature is searched for around a black hole and in a high gravitational potential. This analysis shows new ways the monitoring of stars in the Galactic Center can be used to probe fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - T Do
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B M Roberts
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A M Ghez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Nishiyama
- Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - R O Bentley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A K Gautam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Jia
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Kara
- Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - J R Lu
- Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Saida
- Daido University, 10-3 Takiharu-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Aichi University of Education, 1 Hirosawa, Igaya-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
| | - Y Takamori
- National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College, 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan
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Kobayashi J, Ogino A, Inouye S. Measurement of the variation of electron-to-proton mass ratio using ultracold molecules produced from laser-cooled atoms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3771. [PMID: 31434889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental techniques to manipulate cold molecules have seen great development in recent years. The precision measurements of cold molecules are expected to give insights into fundamental physics. Here we use a rovibrationally pure sample of ultracold KRb molecules to improve the measurement on the stability of electron-to-proton mass ratio \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\left( {\mu = \frac{{m_{\mathrm{e}}}}{{M_{\mathrm{p}}}}} \right)$$\end{document}μ=meMp. The measurement is based upon a large sensitivity coefficient of the molecular spectroscopy, which utilizes a transition between a nearly degenerate pair of vibrational levels each associated with a different electronic potential. Observed limit on temporal variation of μ is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\frac{1}{\mu }\frac{{d\mu }}{{dt}} = (0.30 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{ - 14} \, {\mathrm{year}}^{ - 1}$$\end{document}1μdμdt=(0.30±1.0)×10-14year-1, which is better by a factor of five compared with the most stringent laboratory molecular limits to date. Further improvements should be straightforward, because our measurement was only limited by statistical errors. Ultracold molecules are suitable platforms for precision measurements due to their internal degrees of freedom. Here the authors derive a limit on the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio by using the spectroscopy of ultracold KRb molecules.
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Lepers M, Li H, Wyart JF, Quéméner G, Dulieu O. Ultracold Rare-Earth Magnetic Atoms with an Electric Dipole Moment. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:063201. [PMID: 30141648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to produce an electric and magnetic dipolar gas of ultracold dysprosium atoms. The pair of nearly degenerate energy levels of opposite parity, at 17513.33 cm^{-1} with electronic angular momentum J=10, and at 17514.50 cm^{-1} with J=9, can be mixed with an external electric field, thus inducing an electric dipole moment in the laboratory frame. For field amplitudes relevant to current-day experiments, i.e., an electric field of 5 kV/cm, we predict a large magnetic dipole moment up to 13 Bohr magnetons, and sizeable electric dipole moment up to 0.22 D. When a magnetic field is present, we show that the induced electric dipole moment is strongly dependent on the angle between the fields. The lifetime of the field-mixed levels is found in the millisecond range, thus allowing for suitable experimental detection and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Lepers
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-François Wyart
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR8112, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Bergé J, Brax P, Métris G, Pernot-Borràs M, Touboul P, Uzan JP. MICROSCOPE Mission: First Constraints on the Violation of the Weak Equivalence Principle by a Light Scalar Dilaton. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:141101. [PMID: 29694146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a light or massive scalar field with a coupling to matter weaker than gravitational strength is a possible source of violation of the weak equivalence principle. We use the first results on the Eötvös parameter by the MICROSCOPE experiment to set new constraints on such scalar fields. For a massive scalar field of mass smaller than 10^{-12} eV (i.e., range larger than a few 10^{5} m), we improve existing constraints by one order of magnitude to |α|<10^{-11} if the scalar field couples to the baryon number and to |α|<10^{-12} if the scalar field couples to the difference between the baryon and the lepton numbers. We also consider a model describing the coupling of a generic dilaton to the standard matter fields with five parameters, for a light field: We find that, for masses smaller than 10^{-12} eV, the constraints on the dilaton coupling parameters are improved by one order of magnitude compared to previous equivalence principle tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Philippe Brax
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Martin Pernot-Borràs
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, IAP, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Touboul
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Uzan
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR 7095, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut Lagrange de Paris, 98 bis, Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
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Abstract
The observational evidence for the recent acceleration of the universe demonstrates that canonical theories of cosmology and particle physics are incomplete-if not incorrect-and that new physics is out there, waiting to be discovered. A key task for the next generation of laboratory and astrophysical facilities is to search for, identify and ultimately characterize this new physics. Here we highlight recent developments in tests of the stability of nature's fundamental couplings, which provide a direct handle on new physics: a detection of variations will be revolutionary, but even improved null results provide competitive constraints on a range of cosmological and particle physics paradigms. A joint analysis of all currently available data shows a preference for variations of α and μ at about the two-sigma level, but inconsistencies between different sub-sets (likely due to hidden systematics) suggest that these statistical preferences need to be taken with caution. On the other hand, these measurements strongly constrain Weak Equivalence Principle violations. Plans and forecasts for forthcoming studies with facilities such as ALMA, ESPRESSO and the ELT, which should clarify these issues, are also discussed, and synergies with other probes are briefly highlighted. The goal is to show how a new generation of precision consistency tests of the standard paradigm will soon become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J A P Martins
- Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
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Nardin Barreta LF, Victor AR, Bueno P, Dos Santos JR, da Silveira CAB, Neri JW, Neto JJ, Sbampato ME, Destro MG. Observation of the 162Dy- 164Dy Isotope Shift for the 0 → 16 717.79 cm -1 Optical Transition. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:1938-1946. [PMID: 28447488 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817702661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a newly observed isotope shift between 162Dy and 164Dy isotopes for the 0 → 16 717.79 cm-1 (598.003 nm) optical transition. We compared the newly observed results against two other lines (597.452 nm and 598.859 nm), which we measured in this work, and were already reported in the literature. The newly observed 162-164 Dy isotope shift, shows at least a 20% larger isotope shift than the isotope shifts for the other two lines investigated. The larger 162-164 isotope shift observed for the 598.003 nm line could lead to an increased isotope selectivity for atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS). Hence, this line could be a good choice for application in AVLIS. Experimental data available in the literature for the 597.452 nm and 598.859 nm lines, enabled us to perform simulations of spectra for both lines, in order to confirm the accuracy of our experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Nardin Barreta
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rogério Victor
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bueno
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonatha Ricardo Dos Santos
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Wilson Neri
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Jakutis Neto
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Sbampato
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Geraldo Destro
- 1 ITA - Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (Aeronautics Institute of Technology), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
- 2 IEAv - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (Institute for Advanced Studies), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil
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Bainbridge M, Barstow M, Reindl N, Tchang-brillet W, Ayres T, Webb J, Barrow J, Hu J, Holberg J, Preval S, Ubachs W, Dzuba V, Flambaum V, Dumont V, Berengut J. Probing the Gravitational Dependence of the Fine-Structure Constant from Observations of White Dwarf Stars. Universe 2017; 3:32. [DOI: 10.3390/universe3020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Leefer N, Gerhardus A, Budker D, Flambaum VV, Stadnik YV. Search for the Effect of Massive Bodies on Atomic Spectra and Constraints on Yukawa-Type Interactions of Scalar Particles. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:271601. [PMID: 28084774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.271601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to search for hypothetical scalar particles that have feeble interactions with standard-model particles. In the presence of massive bodies, these interactions produce a nonzero Yukawa-type scalar-field magnitude. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy data of atomic dysprosium, as well as atomic clock spectroscopy data, we constrain the Yukawa-type interactions of a scalar field with the photon, electron, and nucleons for a range of scalar-particle masses corresponding to length scales >10 cm. In the limit as the scalar-particle mass m_{ϕ}→0, our derived limits on the Yukawa-type interaction parameters are Λ_{γ}≳8×10^{19} GeV, Λ_{e}≳1.3×10^{19} GeV, and Λ_{N}≳6×10^{20} GeV. Our measurements also constrain combinations of interaction parameters, which cannot otherwise be probed with traditional anomalous-force measurements. We suggest further measurements to improve on the current level of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leefer
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Gerhardus
- Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7300, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V V Flambaum
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Y V Stadnik
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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11
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Hees A, Guéna J, Abgrall M, Bize S, Wolf P. Searching for an Oscillating Massive Scalar Field as a Dark Matter Candidate Using Atomic Hyperfine Frequency Comparisons. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:061301. [PMID: 27541455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use 6 yrs of accurate hyperfine frequency comparison data of the dual rubidium and caesium cold atom fountain FO2 at LNE-SYRTE to search for a massive scalar dark matter candidate. Such a scalar field can induce harmonic variations of the fine structure constant, of the mass of fermions, and of the quantum chromodynamic mass scale, which will directly impact the rubidium/caesium hyperfine transition frequency ratio. We find no signal consistent with a scalar dark matter candidate but provide improved constraints on the coupling of the putative scalar field to standard matter. Our limits are complementary to previous results that were only sensitive to the fine structure constant and improve them by more than an order of magnitude when only a coupling to electromagnetism is assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Guéna
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Abgrall
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S Bize
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - P Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, LNE, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
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12
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Arvanitaki A, Dimopoulos S, Van Tilburg K. Sound of Dark Matter: Searching for Light Scalars with Resonant-Mass Detectors. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:031102. [PMID: 26849581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fine-structure constant and the electron mass in string theory are determined by the values of scalar fields called moduli. If the dark matter takes on the form of such a light modulus, it oscillates with a frequency equal to its mass and an amplitude determined by the local dark-matter density. This translates into an oscillation of the size of a solid that can be observed by resonant-mass antennas. Existing and planned experiments, combined with a dedicated resonant-mass detector proposed in this Letter, can probe dark-matter moduli with frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 GHz, with much better sensitivity than searches for fifth forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Arvanitaki
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Savas Dimopoulos
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ken Van Tilburg
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Van Tilburg K, Leefer N, Bougas L, Budker D. Search for Ultralight Scalar Dark Matter with Atomic Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:011802. [PMID: 26182090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report new limits on ultralight scalar dark matter (DM) with dilatonlike couplings to photons that can induce oscillations in the fine-structure constant α. Atomic dysprosium exhibits an electronic structure with two nearly degenerate levels whose energy splitting is sensitive to changes in α. Spectroscopy data for two isotopes of dysprosium over a two-year span are analyzed for coherent oscillations with angular frequencies below 1 rad s-1. No signal consistent with a DM coupling is identified, leading to new constraints on dilatonlike photon couplings over a wide mass range. Under the assumption that the scalar field comprises all of the DM, our limits on the coupling exceed those from equivalence-principle tests by up to 4 orders of magnitude for masses below 3×10(-18) eV. Excess oscillatory power, inconsistent with fine-structure variation, is detected in a control channel, and is likely due to a systematic effect. Our atomic spectroscopy limits on DM are the first of their kind, and leave substantial room for improvement with state-of-the-art atomic clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Van Tilburg
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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14
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Stadnik YV, Flambaum VV. Searching for dark matter and variation of fundamental constants with laser and maser interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:161301. [PMID: 25955044 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Any slight variations in the fundamental constants of nature, which may be induced by dark matter or some yet-to-be-discovered cosmic field, would characteristically alter the phase of a light beam inside an interferometer, which can be measured extremely precisely. Laser and maser interferometry may be applied to searches for the linear-in-time drift of the fundamental constants, detection of topological defect dark matter through transient-in-time effects, and for a relic, coherently oscillating condensate, which consists of scalar dark matter fields, through oscillating effects. Our proposed experiments require either minor or no modifications of existing apparatus, and offer extensive reach into important and unconstrained spaces of physical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Stadnik
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Windberger A, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Bekker H, Oreshkina NS, Berengut JC, Bock V, Borschevsky A, Dzuba VA, Eliav E, Harman Z, Kaldor U, Kaul S, Safronova UI, Flambaum VV, Keitel CH, Schmidt PO, Ullrich J, Versolato OO. Identification of the predicted 5s-4f level crossing optical lines with applications to metrology and searches for the variation of fundamental constants. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:150801. [PMID: 25933300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.150801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We measure optical spectra of Nd-like W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt ions of particular interest for studies of a possibly varying fine-structure constant. Exploiting characteristic energy scalings we identify the strongest lines, confirm the predicted 5s-4f level crossing, and benchmark advanced calculations. We infer two possible values for optical M2/E3 and E1 transitions in Ir^{17+} that have the highest predicted sensitivity to a variation of the fine-structure constant among stable atomic systems. Furthermore, we determine the energies of proposed frequency standards in Hf^{12+} and W^{14+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Windberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - H Bekker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N S Oreshkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - V Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Borschevsky
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - E Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Z Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Kaldor
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Kaul
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U I Safronova
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - C H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - O O Versolato
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV. Highly charged ions for atomic clocks and search for variation of the fine structure constant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 236:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-015-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Godun RM, Nisbet-Jones PBR, Jones JM, King SA, Johnson LAM, Margolis HS, Szymaniec K, Lea SN, Bongs K, Gill P. Frequency ratio of two optical clock transitions in 171Yb+ and constraints on the time variation of fundamental constants. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:210801. [PMID: 25479482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.210801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Singly ionized ytterbium, with ultranarrow optical clock transitions at 467 and 436 nm, is a convenient system for the realization of optical atomic clocks and tests of present-day variation of fundamental constants. We present the first direct measurement of the frequency ratio of these two clock transitions, without reference to a cesium primary standard, and using the same single ion of 171Yb+. The absolute frequencies of both transitions are also presented, each with a relative standard uncertainty of 6×10(-16). Combining our results with those from other experiments, we report a threefold improvement in the constraint on the time variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ/μ=0.2(1.1)×10(-16) yr(-1), along with an improved constraint on time variation of the fine structure constant, α/α=-0.7(2.1)×10(-17) yr(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Godun
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P B R Nisbet-Jones
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - J M Jones
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S A King
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - L A M Johnson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - H S Margolis
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - K Szymaniec
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - S N Lea
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - K Bongs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Gill
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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Huntemann N, Lipphardt B, Tamm C, Gerginov V, Weyers S, Peik E. Improved limit on a temporal variation of mp/me from comparisons of Yb+ and Cs atomic clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:210802. [PMID: 25479483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.210802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of different transition frequencies between atomic levels of the electronic and hyperfine structure over time are used to investigate temporal variations of the fine structure constant α and the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ. We measure the frequency of the (2)S1/2→(2)F7/2 electric octupole (E3) transition in (171)Yb(+) against two caesium fountain clocks as f(E3)=642,121,496,772,645.36 Hz with an improved fractional uncertainty of 3.9×10(-16). This transition frequency shows a strong sensitivity to changes of α. Together with a number of previous and recent measurements of the (2)S1/2→(2)D3/2 electric quadrupole transition in (171)Yb(+) and with data from other elements, a least-squares analysis yields (1/α)(dα/dt)=-0.20(20)×10(-16)/yr and (1/μ)(dμ/dt)=-0.5(1.6)×10(-16)/yr, confirming a previous limit on dα/dt and providing the most stringent limit on dμ/dt from laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Huntemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B Lipphardt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Chr Tamm
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Gerginov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Weyers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Peik
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed and updated. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford M. Will
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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