1
|
Zhang X, Banerjee A, Leyser M, Perez G, Schiller S, Budker D, Antypas D. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter with Spectroscopy of Radio-Frequency Atomic Transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:251002. [PMID: 37418735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.251002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of scalar and pseudoscalar ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) were searched for by comparing the frequency of a quartz oscillator to that of a hyperfine-structure transition in ^{87}Rb, and an electronic transition in ^{164}Dy. We constrain linear interactions between a scalar UBDM field and standard-model (SM) fields for an underlying UBDM particle mass in the range 1×10^{-17}-8.3×10^{-13} eV and quadratic interactions between a pseudoscalar UBDM field and SM fields in the range 5×10^{-18}-4.1×10^{-13} eV. Within regions of the respective ranges, our constraints on linear interactions significantly improve on results from previous, direct searches for oscillations in atomic parameters, while constraints on quadratic interactions surpass limits imposed by such direct searches as well as by astrophysical observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Mahapan Leyser
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gilad Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Stephan Schiller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dionysios Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Filzinger M, Dörscher S, Lange R, Klose J, Steinel M, Benkler E, Peik E, Lisdat C, Huntemann N. Improved Limits on the Coupling of Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter to Photons from Optical Atomic Clock Comparisons. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:253001. [PMID: 37418745 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We present improved constraints on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to photons based on long-term measurements of two optical frequency ratios. In these optical clock comparisons, we relate the frequency of the ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0)↔^{2}F_{7/2}(F=3) electric-octupole (E3) transition in ^{171}Yb^{+} to that of the ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0)↔^{2}D_{3/2}(F=2) electric-quadrupole (E2) transition of the same ion, and to that of the ^{1}S_{0}↔^{3}P_{0} transition in ^{87}Sr. Measurements of the first frequency ratio ν_{E3}/ν_{E2} are performed via interleaved interrogation of both transitions in a single ion. The comparison of the single-ion clock based on the E3 transition with a strontium optical lattice clock yields the second frequency ratio ν_{E3}/ν_{Sr}. By constraining oscillations of the fine-structure constant α with these measurement results, we improve existing bounds on the scalar coupling d_{e} of ultralight dark matter to photons for dark matter masses in the range of about (10^{-24}-10^{-17}) eV/c^{2}. These results constitute an improvement by more than an order of magnitude over previous investigations for most of this range. We also use the repeated measurements of ν_{E3}/ν_{E2} to improve existing limits on a linear temporal drift of α and its coupling to gravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Filzinger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Dörscher
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Lange
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Klose
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Steinel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Benkler
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Peik
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Lisdat
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N Huntemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bertone G, Buchmueller OL, Cole PS. Perspectives on fundamental cosmology from Low Earth Orbit and the Moon. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 36725853 PMCID: PMC9892595 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The next generation of space-based experiments will go hunting for answers to cosmology's key open questions which revolve around inflation, dark matter and dark energy. Low earth orbit and lunar missions within the European Space Agency's Human and Robotic Exploration programme can push our knowledge forward in all of these three fields. A radio interferometer on the Moon, a cold atom interferometer in low earth orbit and a gravitational wave interferometer on the Moon are highlighted as the most fruitful missions to plan and execute in the mid-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Bertone
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver L. Buchmueller
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BX United Kingdom
| | - Philippa S. Cole
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kobayashi T, Takamizawa A, Akamatsu D, Kawasaki A, Nishiyama A, Hosaka K, Hisai Y, Wada M, Inaba H, Tanabe T, Yasuda M. Search for Ultralight Dark Matter from Long-Term Frequency Comparisons of Optical and Microwave Atomic Clocks. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:241301. [PMID: 36563281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.241301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We search for ultralight scalar dark matter candidates that induce oscillations of the fine structure constant, the electron and quark masses, and the quantum chromodynamics energy scale with frequency comparison data between a ^{171}Yb optical lattice clock and a ^{133}Cs fountain microwave clock that span 298 days with an uptime of 15.4%. New limits on the couplings of the scalar dark matter to electrons and gluons in the mass range from 10^{-22} to 10^{-20} eV/c^{2} are set, assuming that each of these couplings is the dominant source of the modulation in the frequency ratio. The absolute frequency of the ^{171}Yb clock transition is also determined as 518 295 836 590 863.69(28) Hz, which is one of the important contributions toward a redefinition of the second in the International System of Units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kobayashi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takamizawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akamatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Kawasaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Hosaka
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hisai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Hajime Inaba
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tanabe
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masami Yasuda
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Touboul P, Métris G, Rodrigues M, Bergé J, Robert A, Baghi Q, André Y, Bedouet J, Boulanger D, Bremer S, Carle P, Chhun R, Christophe B, Cipolla V, Damour T, Danto P, Demange L, Dittus H, Dhuicque O, Fayet P, Foulon B, Guidotti PY, Hagedorn D, Hardy E, Huynh PA, Kayser P, Lala S, Lämmerzahl C, Lebat V, Liorzou F, List M, Löffler F, Panet I, Pernot-Borràs M, Perraud L, Pires S, Pouilloux B, Prieur P, Rebray A, Reynaud S, Rievers B, Selig H, Serron L, Sumner T, Tanguy N, Torresi P, Visser P. MICROSCOPE Mission: Final Results of the Test of the Equivalence Principle. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:121102. [PMID: 36179190 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The MICROSCOPE mission was designed to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP), stating the equality between the inertial and the gravitational masses, with a precision of 10^{-15} in terms of the Eötvös ratio η. Its experimental test consisted of comparing the accelerations undergone by two collocated test masses of different compositions as they orbited the Earth, by measuring the electrostatic forces required to keep them in equilibrium. This was done with ultrasensitive differential electrostatic accelerometers onboard a drag-free satellite. The mission lasted two and a half years, cumulating five months worth of science free-fall data, two-thirds with a pair of test masses of different compositions-titanium and platinum alloys-and the last third with a reference pair of test masses of the same composition-platinum. We summarize the data analysis, with an emphasis on the characterization of the systematic uncertainties due to thermal instabilities and on the correction of short-lived events which could mimic a WEP violation signal. We found no violation of the WEP, with the Eötvös parameter of the titanium and platinum pair constrained to η(Ti,Pt)=[-1.5±2.3(stat)±1.5(syst)]×10^{-15} at 1σ in statistical errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Touboul
- ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Joel Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Alain Robert
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Quentin Baghi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Yves André
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | - Stefanie Bremer
- ZARM, Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Patrice Carle
- ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ratana Chhun
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | | | - Valerio Cipolla
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Thibault Damour
- IHES, Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, 35 Route de Chartres, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascale Danto
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Louis Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Océane Dhuicque
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Pierre Fayet
- Laboratoire de physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France, and CPhT, Ecole polytechnique, IPP, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Bernard Foulon
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | | | - Daniel Hagedorn
- PTB, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emilie Hardy
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | | | - Patrick Kayser
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Stéphanie Lala
- ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
| | - Claus Lämmerzahl
- ZARM, Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Vincent Lebat
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | | | - Meike List
- ZARM, Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Löffler
- PTB, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Laurent Perraud
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Pires
- Université Paris Saclay et Université de Paris, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pascal Prieur
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Serge Reynaud
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Université, Collège de France, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Benny Rievers
- ZARM, Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hanns Selig
- ZARM, Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Serron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Timothy Sumner
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Tanguy
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Patrizia Torresi
- CNES Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Pieter Visser
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tretiak O, Zhang X, Figueroa NL, Antypas D, Brogna A, Banerjee A, Perez G, Budker D. Improved Bounds on Ultralight Scalar Dark Matter in the Radio-Frequency Range. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:031301. [PMID: 35905361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.031301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for fundamental constant oscillations in the range 20 kHz-100 MHz that may arise within models for ultralight dark matter (UDM). Using two independent optical-spectroscopy apparatuses, we achieve up to ×1000 greater sensitivity in the search relative to previous work [D. Antypas et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 141102 (2019).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.141102]. We report no observation of UDM and thus constrain respective couplings to electrons and photons within the investigated UDM particle mass range 8×10^{-11}-4×10^{-7} eV. The constraints significantly exceed previously set bounds from atomic spectroscopy and, as we show, may surpass in future experiments those provided by equivalence-principle (EP) experiments in a specific case regarding the combination of UDM couplings probed by the EP experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Tretiak
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xue Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nataniel L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dionysios Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Brogna
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oswald R, Nevsky A, Vogt V, Schiller S, Figueroa NL, Zhang K, Tretiak O, Antypas D, Budker D, Banerjee A, Perez G. Search for Dark-Matter-Induced Oscillations of Fundamental Constants Using Molecular Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:031302. [PMID: 35905348 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A possible implication of an ultralight dark matter field interacting with the standard model degrees of freedom is oscillations of fundamental constants. Here, we establish direct experimental bounds on the coupling of an oscillating ultralight dark matter field to the up, down, and strange quarks and to the gluons, for oscillation frequencies between 10 and 10^{8} Hz. We employ spectroscopic experiments that take advantage of the dependence of molecular transition frequencies on the nuclear masses. Our results apply to previously unexplored frequency bands and improve on existing bounds at frequencies >5 MHz. We also improve on the bounds for coupling to the electromagnetic field and the electron field, in particular spectral windows. We identify a sector of ultralight dark matter and standard model coupling space where the bounds from equivalence principle tests may be challenged by next-generation experiments of the present kind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Oswald
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Nevsky
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Vogt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Schiller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Zhang
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Tretiak
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - G Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The birth of gravitational wave astronomy was triggered by the first detection of a signal produced by the merger of two compact objects (also known as a compact binary coalescence event). The following detections made by the Earth-based network of advanced interferometers had a significant impact in many fields of science: astrophysics, cosmology, nuclear physics and fundamental physics. However, compact binary coalescence signals are not the only type of gravitational waves potentially detectable by LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. An interesting family of still undetected signals, and the ones that are considered in this review, are the so-called continuous waves, paradigmatically exemplified by the gravitational radiation emitted by galactic, fast-spinning isolated neutron stars with a certain degree of asymmetry in their mass distribution. In this work, I will review the status and the latest results from the analyses of advanced detector data.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aiello L, Richardson JW, Vermeulen SM, Grote H, Hogan C, Kwon O, Stoughton C. Constraints on Scalar Field Dark Matter from Colocated Michelson Interferometers. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:121101. [PMID: 35394316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.121101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-mass (sub-eV) scalar field dark matter may induce apparent oscillations of fundamental constants, resulting in corresponding oscillations of the size and the index of refraction of solids. Laser interferometers are highly sensitive to changes in the size and index of refraction of the main beam splitter. Using cross-correlated data of the Fermilab Holometer instrument, which consists of twin colocated 40-m arm length power-recycled interferometers, we investigate the possible existence of scalar field dark matter candidates in the mass range between 1.6×10^{-12} eV and 1.0×10^{-7} eV. We set new upper limits for the coupling parameters of scalar field dark matter, improving on limits from previous direct searches by up to 3 orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Aiello
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W Richardson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Sander M Vermeulen
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Hartmut Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Hogan
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Ohkyung Kwon
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Chris Stoughton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Badurina L, Buchmueller O, Ellis J, Lewicki M, McCabe C, Vaskonen V. Prospective sensitivities of atom interferometers to gravitational waves and ultralight dark matter. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210060. [PMID: 34923845 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We survey the prospective sensitivities of terrestrial and space-borne atom interferometers to gravitational waves generated by cosmological and astrophysical sources, and to ultralight dark matter. We discuss the backgrounds from gravitational gradient noise in terrestrial detectors, and also binary pulsar and asteroid backgrounds in space-borne detectors. We compare the sensitivities of LIGO and LISA with those of the 100 m and 1 km stages of the AION terrestrial AI project, as well as two options for the proposed AEDGE AI space mission with cold atom clouds either inside or outside the spacecraft, considering as possible sources the mergers of black holes and neutron stars, supernovae, phase transitions in the early Universe, cosmic strings and quantum fluctuations in the early Universe that could have generated primordial black holes. We also review the capabilities of AION and AEDGE for detecting coherent waves of ultralight scalar dark matter. AION-REPORT/2021-04 KCL-PH-TH/2021-61, CERN-TH-2021-116 This article is part of the theme issue 'Quantum technologies in particle physics'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Badurina
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Oliver Buchmueller
- High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John Ellis
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Geneva 23 1211, Switzerland
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Rävala 10, Tallinn 10143, Estonia
| | - Marek Lewicki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Christopher McCabe
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ville Vaskonen
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vermeulen SM, Relton P, Grote H, Raymond V, Affeldt C, Bergamin F, Bisht A, Brinkmann M, Danzmann K, Doravari S, Kringel V, Lough J, Lück H, Mehmet M, Mukund N, Nadji S, Schreiber E, Sorazu B, Strain KA, Vahlbruch H, Weinert M, Willke B, Wittel H. Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector. Nature 2021; 600:424-428. [PMID: 34912085 PMCID: PMC8674151 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nature of dark matter remains unknown to date, although several candidate particles are being considered in a dynamically changing research landscape1. Scalar field dark matter is a prominent option that is being explored with precision instruments, such as atomic clocks and optical cavities2–8. Here we describe a direct search for scalar field dark matter using a gravitational-wave detector, which operates beyond the quantum shot-noise limit. We set new upper limits on the coupling constants of scalar field dark matter as a function of its mass, by excluding the presence of signals that would be produced through the direct coupling of this dark matter to the beam splitter of the GEO600 interferometer. These constraints improve on bounds from previous direct searches by more than six orders of magnitude and are, in some cases, more stringent than limits obtained in tests of the equivalence principle by up to four orders of magnitude. Our work demonstrates that scalar field dark matter can be investigated or constrained with direct searches using gravitational-wave detectors and highlights the potential of quantum-enhanced interferometry for dark matter detection. Using a gravitational-wave detector to listen for dark matter signatures, a direct search for scalar field dark matter was conducted and new upper limits are set on the coupling constants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Relton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hartmut Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Vivien Raymond
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christoph Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabio Bergamin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aparna Bisht
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Suresh Doravari
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikhil Mukund
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Séverin Nadji
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emil Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Borja Sorazu
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kenneth A Strain
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henning Vahlbruch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benno Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger Wittel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao HH, Ding L, Zhu L, Liu Q, Tan WH, Shao CG, Luo P, Yang SQ, Tu LC, Luo J. Influence of the tilt error motion of the rotation axis on the test of the equivalence principle with a rotating torsion pendulum. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:034503. [PMID: 33820016 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the precision of current tests of the equivalence principle with a rotating torsion pendulum requires a more complete analysis of systematic effects. Here, we discuss in detail one of the important systematic effects, the influence from the tilt error motion of the rotation axis of a rotary stage, namely, wandering of the instantaneous rotation axis around its average direction. Its influence on the rotating torsion pendulum is modeled phenomenologically, and the parameters in the model are calibrated. It is shown that the influence can contribute a correction of η ≈ 5 × 10-13 to the equivalence-principle violating parameter for a rotary stage whose tilt error motion of interest is about 31 nrad in magnitude. We also show that such an influence can be reduced to the level of η ≈ 1 × 10-14 by means of active compensation of the tilt error motion using a set of piezoelectric actuators placed under the stage stator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics and School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hai Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengshun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Cheng Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Campbell WM, McAllister BT, Goryachev M, Ivanov EN, Tobar ME. Searching for Scalar Dark Matter via Coupling to Fundamental Constants with Photonic, Atomic, and Mechanical Oscillators. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:071301. [PMID: 33666447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a way to search for light scalar dark matter (DM), seeking to exploit putative coupling between dark matter scalar fields and fundamental constants, by searching for frequency modulations in direct comparisons between frequency stable oscillators. Specifically we compare a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO), hydrogen maser (HM) atomic oscillator, and a bulk acoustic wave quartz oscillator (OCXO). This work includes the first calculation of the dependence of acoustic oscillators on variations of the fundamental constants, and demonstration that they can be a sensitive tool for scalar DM experiments. Results are presented based on 16 days of data in comparisons between the HM and OCXO, and 2 days of comparison between the OCXO and CSO. No evidence of oscillating fundamental constants consistent with a coupling to scalar dark matter is found, and instead limits on the strength of these couplings as a function of the dark matter mass are determined. We constrain the dimensionless coupling constant d_{e} and combination |d_{m_{e}}-d_{g}| across the mass band 4.4×10^{-19}≲m_{φ}≲6.8×10^{-14} eV c^{-2}, with most sensitive limits d_{e}≳1.59×10^{-1}, |d_{m_{e}}-dg|≳6.97×10^{-1}. Notably, these limits do not rely on maximum reach analysis (MRA), instead employing the more general coefficient separation technique. This experiment paves the way for future, highly sensitive experiments based on state-of-the-art acoustic oscillators, and we show that these limits can be competitive with the best current MRA-based exclusion limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Eugene N Ivanov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E Tobar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manley J, Chowdhury MD, Grin D, Singh S, Wilson DJ. Searching for Vector Dark Matter with an Optomechanical Accelerometer. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:061301. [PMID: 33635693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We consider using optomechanical accelerometers as resonant detectors for ultralight dark matter. As a concrete example, we describe a detector based on a silicon nitride membrane fixed to a beryllium mirror, forming an optical cavity. The use of different materials gives access to forces proportional to baryon (B) and lepton (L) charge, which are believed to be coupling channels for vector dark matter particles ("dark photons"). The cavity meanwhile provides access to quantum-limited displacement measurements. For a centimeter-scale membrane precooled to 10 mK, we argue that sensitivity to vector B-L dark matter can exceed that of the Eöt-Wash experiment in integration times of minutes, over a fractional bandwidth of ∼0.1% near 10 kHz (corresponding to a particle mass of 10^{-10} eV/c^{2}). Our analysis can be translated to alternative systems, such as levitated particles, and suggests the possibility of a new generation of tabletop experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Manley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Mitul Dey Chowdhury
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Daniel Grin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, USA
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Dalziel J Wilson
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Savalle E, Hees A, Frank F, Cantin E, Pottie PE, Roberts BM, Cros L, McAllister BT, Wolf P. Searching for Dark Matter with an Optical Cavity and an Unequal-Delay Interferometer. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:051301. [PMID: 33605767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new type of experiment that compares the frequency of a clock (an ultrastable optical cavity in this case) at time t to its own frequency some time t-T earlier, by "storing" the output signal (photons) in a fiber delay line. In ultralight oscillating dark matter (DM) models, such an experiment is sensitive to coupling of DM to the standard model fields, through oscillations of the cavity and fiber lengths and of the fiber refractive index. Additionally, the sensitivity is significantly enhanced around the mechanical resonances of the cavity. We present experimental results of such an experiment and report no evidence of DM for masses in the [4.1×10^{-11}, 8.3×10^{-10}] eV region. In addition, we improve constraints on the involved coupling constants by one order of magnitude in a standard galactic DM model, at the mass corresponding to the resonant frequency of our cavity. Furthermore, in the model of relaxion DM, we improve on existing constraints over the whole DM mass range by about one order of magnitude, and up to 6 orders of magnitude at resonance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Savalle
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florian Frank
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Cantin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Paul-Eric Pottie
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin M Roberts
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lucie Cros
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, Université PSL, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ben T McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kennedy CJ, Oelker E, Robinson JM, Bothwell T, Kedar D, Milner WR, Marti GE, Derevianko A, Ye J. Precision Metrology Meets Cosmology: Improved Constraints on Ultralight Dark Matter from Atom-Cavity Frequency Comparisons. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:201302. [PMID: 33258619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We conduct frequency comparisons between a state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clock, a cryogenic crystalline silicon cavity, and a hydrogen maser to set new bounds on the coupling of ultralight dark matter to standard model particles and fields in the mass range of 10^{-16}-10^{-21} eV. The key advantage of this two-part ratio comparison is the differential sensitivity to time variation of both the fine-structure constant and the electron mass, achieving a substantially improved limit on the moduli of ultralight dark matter, particularly at higher masses than typical atomic spectroscopic results. Furthermore, we demonstrate an extension of the search range to even higher masses by use of dynamical decoupling techniques. These results highlight the importance of using the best-performing atomic clocks for fundamental physics applications, as all-optical timescales are increasingly integrated with, and will eventually supplant, existing microwave timescales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Kennedy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric Oelker
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - John M Robinson
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tobias Bothwell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Dhruv Kedar
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - William R Milner
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - G Edward Marti
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrei Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Bars HPL, Guerlin C, Hees A, Peaucelle R, Tasson JD, Bailey QG, Mo G, Delva P, Meynadier F, Touboul P, Métris G, Rodrigues M, Bergé J, Wolf P. New Test of Lorentz Invariance Using the MICROSCOPE Space Mission. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:231102. [PMID: 31868496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use data from the T-SAGE instrument on board the MICROSCOPE space mission to search for Lorentz violation in matter-gravity couplings as described by the Lorentz violating standard model extension (SME) coefficients (a[over ¯]_{eff})_{μ}^{w}, where (μ=T, X, Y, Z) and (w=e, p, n) for the electron, proton, and neutron. One of the phenomenological consequences of a nonzero value of those coefficients is that test bodies of different composition fall differently in an external gravitational field. This is similar to "standard" tests of the universality of free fall, but with a specific signature that depends on the orbital velocity and rotation of Earth. We analyze data from five measurement sessions of MICROSCOPE spread over a year finding no evidence for such a signature, but setting constraints on linear combinations of the SME coefficients that improve on best previous results by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, our independent linear combinations are different from previous ones, which increases the diversity of available constraints, paving the way towards a full decorrelation of the individual coefficients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pihan-le Bars
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Guerlin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Romain Peaucelle
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), 78066 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Jay D Tasson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Quentin G Bailey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Pacôme Delva
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Meynadier
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312 Sèvres, France
| | - Pierre Touboul
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Joël Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Antypas D, Tretiak O, Garcon A, Ozeri R, Perez G, Budker D. Scalar Dark Matter in the Radio-Frequency Band: Atomic-Spectroscopy Search Results. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:141102. [PMID: 31702177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.141102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the prominent candidates for dark matter are bosonic fields with small scalar couplings to the standard-model particles. Several techniques are employed to search for such couplings, and the current best constraints are derived from tests of gravity or atomic probes. In experiments employing atoms, observables would arise from expected dark-matter-induced oscillations in the fundamental constants of nature. These studies are primarily sensitive to underlying particle masses below 10^{-14} eV. We present a method to search for fast oscillations of fundamental constants using atomic spectroscopy in cesium vapor. We demonstrate sensitivity to scalar interactions of dark matter associated with a particle mass in the range 8×10^{-11} to 4×10^{-7} eV. In this range our experiment yields constraints on such interactions, which within the framework of an astronomical-size dark matter structure are comparable with, or better than, those provided by experiments probing deviations from the law of gravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Antypas
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - O Tretiak
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - A Garcon
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - R Ozeri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - G Perez
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - D Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany and Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Davoudiasl H. LIGO/Virgo Black Holes from a First Order Quark Confinement Phase Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:101102. [PMID: 31573307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose that O(10 M_{⊙}) black holes observed by LIGO/Virgo originate from a first order phase transition at a temperature T_{*}≲100 MeV, associated with QCD^{'}-an early Universe deformation of the standard model QCD. This is realized by keeping the quark masses small compared to confinement scale down to T∼T_{*}, making QCD^{'} transition first order. We implement this scenario using a light scalar that could potentially be a good dark matter candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Davoudiasl
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wcisło P, Ablewski P, Beloy K, Bilicki S, Bober M, Brown R, Fasano R, Ciuryło R, Hachisu H, Ido T, Lodewyck J, Ludlow A, McGrew W, Morzyński P, Nicolodi D, Schioppo M, Sekido M, Le Targat R, Wolf P, Zhang X, Zjawin B, Zawada M. New bounds on dark matter coupling from a global network of optical atomic clocks. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaau4869. [PMID: 30539146 PMCID: PMC6286165 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first Earth-scale quantum sensor network based on optical atomic clocks aimed at dark matter (DM) detection. Exploiting differences in the susceptibilities to the fine-structure constant of essential parts of an optical atomic clock, i.e., the cold atoms and the optical reference cavity, we can perform sensitive searches for DM signatures without the need for real-time comparisons of the clocks. We report a two orders of magnitude improvement in constraints on transient variations of the fine-structure constant, which considerably improves the detection limit for the standard model (SM)-DM coupling. We use Yb and Sr optical atomic clocks at four laboratories on three continents to search for both topological defect and massive scalar field candidates. No signal consistent with a DM coupling is identified, leading to considerably improved constraints on the DM-SM couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Wcisło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - P. Ablewski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - K. Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - S. Bilicki
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - M. Bober
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - R. Brown
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - R. Fasano
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - R. Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - H. Hachisu
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Ido
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Lodewyck
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - A. Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - W. McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0440, USA
| | - P. Morzyński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Nicolodi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - M. Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - M. Sekido
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, 184-8795 Tokyo, Japan
| | - R. Le Targat
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - P. Wolf
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris, France
| | - X. Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305–3337, USA
| | - B. Zjawin
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - M. Zawada
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu L, Liu Q, Zhao HH, Yang SQ, Luo P, Shao CG, Luo J. Magnetic effect in the test of the weak equivalence principle using a rotating torsion pendulum. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:044501. [PMID: 29716328 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high precision test of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) using a rotating torsion pendulum requires thorough analysis of systematic effects. Here we investigate one of the main systematic effects, the coupling of the ambient magnetic field to the pendulum. It is shown that the dominant term, the interaction between the average magnetic field and the magnetic dipole of the pendulum, is decreased by a factor of 1.1 × 104 with multi-layer magnetic shield shells. The shield shells reduce the magnetic field to 1.9 × 10-9 T in the transverse direction so that the dipole-interaction limited WEP test is expected at η ≲ 10-14 for a pendulum dipole less than 10-9 A m2. The high-order effect, the coupling of the magnetic field gradient to the magnetic quadrupole of the pendulum, would also contribute to the systematic errors for a test precision down to η ∼ 10-14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- TIANQIN Research Center for Gravitational Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengshun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|