1
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Boutoux G, Chevalier JM, Arrigoni M, Berthe L, Beuton R, Bicrel B, Galtié A, Hébert D, Le Clanche J, Loillier S, Loison D, Maury P, Raffray Y, Videau L. Experimental evidence of shock wave measurements with low-velocity (<100 m s -1) and fast dynamics (<10 ns) capabilities using a coupled photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) and triature velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) diagnostic. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033905. [PMID: 37012829 DOI: 10.1063/5.0107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of shock-wave measurements on aluminum based on the use of a simultaneous Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) and triature velocity interferometer system for any reflector. Our dual setup can accurately measure shock velocities, especially in the low-speed range (<100 m s-1) and fast dynamics (<10 ns) where measurements are critical in terms of resolution and unfolding techniques. Especially, the direct comparison of both techniques at the same measurement point helps the physicist in determining coherent settings for the short time Fourier transform analysis of the PDV, providing increased reliability of the velocity measurement with a global resolution of few m s-1 in velocity and few ns FWHM in time. The advantages of such coupled velocimetry measurements are discussed, as well as new opportunities in dynamic materials science and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boutoux
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - M Arrigoni
- ENSTA Bretagne, IRDL, UMR 6027 CNRS, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - L Berthe
- PIMM, UMR 8006, ENSAM, CNRS, CNAM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - R Beuton
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - B Bicrel
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - A Galtié
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - D Hébert
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - J Le Clanche
- ENSTA Bretagne, IRDL, UMR 6027 CNRS, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - S Loillier
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - D Loison
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - P Maury
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - Y Raffray
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IPR-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - L Videau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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2
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Renganathan P, Sharma SM, Turneaure SJ, Gupta YM. Real-time (nanoseconds) determination of liquid phase growth during shock-induced melting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5745. [PMID: 36827368 PMCID: PMC9956119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melting of solids is a fundamental natural phenomenon whose pressure dependence has been of interest for nearly a century. However, the temporal evolution of the molten phase under pressure has eluded measurements because of experimental challenges. By using the shock front as a fiducial, we investigated the time-dependent growth of the molten phase in shock-compressed germanium. In situ x-ray diffraction measurements at different times (1 to 6 nanoseconds) behind the shock front quantified the real-time growth of the liquid phase at several peak stresses. These results show that the characteristic time for melting in shock-compressed germanium decreases from ~7.2 nanoseconds at 35 gigapascals to less than 1 nanosecond at 42 gigapascals. Our melting kinetics results suggest the need to consider heterogeneous nucleation as a mechanism for shock-induced melting and provide an approach to measuring melting kinetics in shock-compressed solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Renganathan
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Surinder M. Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Stefan J. Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yogendra M. Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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3
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Gong X, Polsin DN, Paul R, Henderson BJ, Eggert JH, Coppari F, Smith RF, Rygg JR, Collins GW. X-Ray Diffraction of Ramp-Compressed Silicon to 390 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:076101. [PMID: 36867795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) exhibits a rich collection of phase transitions under ambient-temperature isothermal and shock compression. This report describes in situ diffraction measurements of ramp-compressed Si between 40 and 389 GPa. Angle-dispersive x-ray scattering reveals that Si assumes an hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure between 40 and 93 GPa and, at higher pressure, a face-centered cubic structure that persists to at least 389 GPa, the highest pressure for which the crystal structure of Si has been investigated. The range of hcp stability extends to higher pressures and temperatures than predicted by theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gong
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
| | - D N Polsin
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
| | - R Paul
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
| | - B J Henderson
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - G W Collins
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0132, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
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4
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Pandolfi S, Brown SB, Stubley PG, Higginbotham A, Bolme CA, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Galtier E, Sandberg RL, Yang W, Mao WL, Wark JS, Gleason AE. Atomistic deformation mechanism of silicon under laser-driven shock compression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5535. [PMID: 36130983 PMCID: PMC9492784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, and it is the most widely used semiconductor. Despite extensive study, some properties of Si, such as its behaviour under dynamic compression, remain elusive. A detailed understanding of Si deformation is crucial for various fields, ranging from planetary science to materials design. Simulations suggest that in Si the shear stress generated during shock compression is released via a high-pressure phase transition, challenging the classical picture of relaxation via defect-mediated plasticity. However, direct evidence supporting either deformation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we use sub-picosecond, highly-monochromatic x-ray diffraction to study (100)-oriented single-crystal Si under laser-driven shock compression. We provide the first unambiguous, time-resolved picture of Si deformation at ultra-high strain rates, demonstrating the predicted shear release via phase transition. Our results resolve the longstanding controversy on silicon deformation and provide direct proof of strain rate-dependent deformation mechanisms in a non-metallic system. Understanding the how silicon deforms under pressure is important for several fields, including planetary science and materials design. Laser-driven shock compression experiments now confirm that shear stress generated during compression is released via a high-pressure phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pandolfi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - S Brennan Brown
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - P G Stubley
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Univeristy of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R L Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - W Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - W L Mao
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Univeristy of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A E Gleason
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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5
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Zhang YY, Li YX, Fan D, Zhang NB, Huang JW, Tang MX, Cai Y, Zeng XL, Sun T, Fezzaa K, Chen S, Luo SN. Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Visualization of B1-B2 Phase Transition in KCl under Shock Compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:045702. [PMID: 34355975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.045702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The classical B1(NaCl)↔B2(CsCl) transitions have been considered as a model for general structural phase transformations, and resolving corresponding phase transition mechanisms under high strain rate shock compression is critical to a fundamental understanding of phase transition dynamics. Here, we use subnanosecond synchrotron x-ray diffraction to visualize the lattice response of single-crystal KCl to planar shock compression. Complete B1-B2 orientation relations are revealed for KCl under shock compression along ⟨100⟩_{B1} and ⟨110⟩_{B1}; the orientation relations and transition mechanisms are anisotropic and can be described with the standard and modified Watanabe-Tokonami-Morimoto model, respectively, both involving interlayer sliding and intralayer ion rearrangement. The current study also establishes a paradigm for investigating solid-solid phase transitions under dynamic extremes with ultrafast synchrotron x-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Zhang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Li
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - D Fan
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - N B Zhang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - J W Huang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Tang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Cai
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zeng
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - T Sun
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Fezzaa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Chen
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
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6
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Sinclair NW, Turneaure SJ, Wang Y, Zimmerman K, Gupta YM. The fast multi-frame X-ray diffraction detector at the Dynamic Compression Sector. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1216-1228. [PMID: 34212887 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A multi-frame, X-ray diffraction (XRD) detector system has been developed for use in time-resolved XRD measurements during single-event experiments at the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The system is capable of collecting four sequential XRD patterns separated by 153 ns, the period of the APS storage ring in the 24-bunch mode. This capability allows an examination of the temporal evolution of material dynamics in single-event experiments, such as plate impact experiments, explosive detonations, and split-Hopkinson pressure bar experiments. This system is available for all user experiments at the DCS. Here, the system description and measured performance parameters (detective quantum efficiency, spatial and temporal resolution, and dynamic range) are presented along with procedures for synchronization and image post-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Sinclair
- Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS), Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS), Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - K Zimmerman
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Y M Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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7
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Das P, Klug JA, Sinclair N, Wang X, Toyoda Y, Li Y, Williams B, Schuman A, Zhang J, Turneaure SJ. Single-pulse (100 ps) extended x-ray absorption fine structure capability at the Dynamic Compression Sector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:085115. [PMID: 32872941 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Determining real-time changes in the local atomistic order is important for a mechanistic understanding of shock wave induced structural and chemical changes. However, the single event and short duration (nanosecond times) nature of shock experiments pose challenges in obtaining Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements-typically used for monitoring local order changes. Here, we report on a new single pulse (∼100 ps duration) transmission geometry EXAFS capability for use in laser shock-compression experiments at the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS), Advanced Photon Source. We used a flat plate of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as the spectrometer element to energy disperse x rays transmitted through the sample. It provided high efficiency with ∼15% of the x rays incident on the HOPG reaching an x-ray area detector with high quantum efficiency. This combination resulted in a good signal-to-noise ratio (∼103), an energy resolution of ∼10 eV at 10 keV, EXAFS spectra covering 100 s of eV, and a good pulse to pulse reproducibility of our single pulse measurements. Ambient EXAFS spectra for Cu and Au are compared to the reference spectra, validating our measurement system. Comparison of single pulse EXAFS results for ambient and laser shocked Ge(100) shows large changes in the local structure of the short lived state of shocked Ge. The current DCS EXAFS capability can be used to perform single pulse measurements in laser shocked materials from ∼9 keV to 13 keV. These EXAFS developments will be available to all users of the DCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Das
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Klug
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Sinclair
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Toyoda
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Yuelin Li
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Brendan Williams
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam Schuman
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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8
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Tracy SJ, Turneaure SJ, Duffy TS. Structural response of α-quartz under plate-impact shock compression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb3913. [PMID: 32923639 PMCID: PMC7449673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of its far-reaching applications in geophysics and materials science, quartz has been one of the most extensively examined materials under dynamic compression. Despite 50 years of active research, questions remain concerning the structure and transformation of SiO2 under shock compression. Continuum gas-gun studies have established that under shock loading quartz transforms through an assumed mixed-phase region to a dense high-pressure phase. While it has often been assumed that this high-pressure phase corresponds to the stishovite structure observed in static experiments, there have been no crystal structure data confirming this. In this study, we use gas-gun shock compression coupled with in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction to interrogate the crystal structure of shock-compressed α-quartz up to 65 GPa. Our results reveal that α-quartz undergoes a phase transformation to a disordered metastable phase as opposed to crystalline stishovite or an amorphous structure, challenging long-standing assumptions about the dynamic response of this fundamental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally June Tracy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Stefan J. Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Thomas S. Duffy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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9
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Sharma SM, Turneaure SJ, Winey JM, Gupta YM. What Determines the fcc-bcc Structural Transformation in Shock Compressed Noble Metals? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:235701. [PMID: 32603153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.235701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High pressure structural transformations are typically characterized by the thermodynamic state (pressure-volume-temperature) of the material. We present in situ x-ray diffraction measurements on laser-shock compressed silver and platinum to determine the role of deformation-induced lattice defects on high pressure phase transformations in noble metals. Results for shocked Ag show a copious increase in stacking faults (SFs) before transformation to the body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure at 144-158 GPa. In contrast, shock compressed Pt remains largely free of SFs and retains the fcc structure to over 380 GPa. These findings, along with recent results for shock compressed gold, show that SF formation promotes high pressure structural transformations in shocked noble metals that are not observed under static compression. Potential SF-related mechanisms for fcc-bcc transformations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - J M Winey
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Y M Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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10
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Hammons JA, Nielsen MH, Bagge‐Hansen M, Lauderbach LM, Hodgin RL, Bastea S, Fried LE, Cowan MR, Orlikowski DA, Willey TM. Observation of Variations in Condensed Carbon Morphology Dependent on Composition B Detonation Conditions. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Hammons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550
| | | | | | | | - Ralph L. Hodgin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550
| | - Sorin Bastea
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550
| | - Laurence E. Fried
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550
| | - Matthew R. Cowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550
| | | | - Trevor M. Willey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550
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11
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Detonation synthesis of carbon nano-onions via liquid carbon condensation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3819. [PMID: 31444341 PMCID: PMC6707243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transit through the carbon liquid phase has significant consequences for the subsequent formation of solid nanocarbon detonation products. We report dynamic measurements of liquid carbon condensation and solidification into nano-onions over ∽200 ns by analysis of time-resolved, small-angle X-ray scattering data acquired during detonation of a hydrogen-free explosive, DNTF (3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan). Further, thermochemical modeling predicts a direct liquid to solid graphite phase transition for DNTF products ~200 ns post-detonation. Solid detonation products were collected and characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy to confirm the abundance of carbon nano-onions with an average diameter of ∽10 nm, matching the dynamic measurements. We analyze other carbon-rich explosives by similar methods to systematically explore different regions of the carbon phase diagram traversed during detonation. Our results suggest a potential pathway to the efficient production of carbon nano-onions, while offering insight into the phase transformation kinetics of liquid carbon under extreme pressures and temperatures. Detonation of high explosives can produce many nanocarbon allotropes and morphologies, but the mechanism of formation is challenging to explore. Here the authors observe, by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, a transient liquid phase that precedes the formation of carbon onions.
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12
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Sharma SM, Turneaure SJ, Winey JM, Li Y, Rigg P, Schuman A, Sinclair N, Toyoda Y, Wang X, Weir N, Zhang J, Gupta YM. Structural Transformation and Melting in Gold Shock Compressed to 355 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:045702. [PMID: 31491271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.045702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold is believed to retain its ambient crystal structure at very high pressures under static and shock compression, enabling its wide use as a pressure marker. Our in situ x-ray diffraction measurements on shock-compressed gold show that it transforms to the body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase, with an onset pressure between 150 and 176 GPa. A liquid-bcc coexistence was observed between 220 and 302 GPa and complete melting occurs by 355 GPa. Our observation of the lower coordination bcc structure in shocked gold is in marked contrast to theoretical predictions and the reported observation of the hexagonal-close-packed structure under static compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - J M Winey
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Yuelin Li
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Paulo Rigg
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam Schuman
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Sinclair
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Toyoda
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Weir
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y M Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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13
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Brown SB, Gleason AE, Galtier E, Higginbotham A, Arnold B, Fry A, Granados E, Hashim A, Schroer CG, Schropp A, Seiboth F, Tavella F, Xing Z, Mao W, Lee HJ, Nagler B. Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau8044. [PMID: 30873430 PMCID: PMC6408150 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under rapid high-temperature, high-pressure loading, lattices exhibit complex elastic-inelastic responses. The dynamics of these responses are challenging to measure experimentally because of high sample density and extremely small relevant spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use an x-ray free-electron laser providing simultaneous in situ direct imaging and x-ray diffraction to spatially resolve lattice dynamics of silicon under high-strain rate conditions. We present the first imaging of a new intermediate elastic feature modulating compression along the axis of applied stress, and we identify the structure, compression, and density behind each observed wave. The ultrafast probe x-rays enabled time-resolved characterization of the intermediate elastic feature, which is leveraged to constrain kinetic inhibition of the phase transformation between 2 and 4 ns. These results not only address long-standing questions about the response of silicon under extreme environments but also demonstrate the potential for ultrafast direct measurements to illuminate new lattice dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Brennan Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. E. Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - B. Arnold
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Fry
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. G. Schroer
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Schropp
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Seiboth
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Tavella
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Z. Xing
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W. Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305-2220, USA
| | - H. J. Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B. Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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14
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Turneaure SJ, Sharma SM, Gupta YM. Nanosecond Melting and Recrystallization in Shock-Compressed Silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:135701. [PMID: 30312076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ, time-resolved, x-ray diffraction and simultaneous continuum measurements were used to examine structural changes in Si shock compressed to 54 GPa. Shock melting was unambiguously established above ∼31-33 GPa, through the vanishing of all sharp crystalline diffraction peaks and the emergence of a single broad diffraction ring. Reshock from the melt boundary results in rapid (nanosecond) recrystallization to the hexagonal-close-packed Si phase and further supports melting. Our results also provide new constraints on the high-temperature, high-pressure Si phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Surinder M Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Y M Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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15
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Sliwa M, McGonegle D, Wehrenberg C, Bolme CA, Heighway PG, Higginbotham A, Lazicki A, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Park HS, Rudd RE, Suggit MJ, Swift D, Tavella F, Zepeda-Ruiz L, Remington BA, Wark JS. Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reversal of the Microstructural Effects of Plastic Deformation during Shock Release of Tantalum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:265502. [PMID: 30004719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.265502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used femtosecond x-ray diffraction to study laser-shocked fiber-textured polycrystalline tantalum targets as the 37-253 GPa shock waves break out from the free surface. We extract the time and depth-dependent strain profiles within the Ta target as the rarefaction wave travels back into the bulk of the sample. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, the lattice rotation and the twins that are formed under shock compression are observed to be almost fully eliminated by the rarefaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sliwa
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, SM-30, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P G Heighway
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Zepeda-Ruiz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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16
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Chen X, Xue T, Liu D, Yang Q, Luo B, Li M, Li X, Li J. Graphical method for analyzing wide-angle x-ray diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:013904. [PMID: 29390646 DOI: 10.1063/1.5003452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wide-angle X-ray diffraction on large-scale laser facility is a well-established experimental method, which is used to study the shock response of single crystal materials by recording X-rays diffracted from numerous lattice planes. We present a three-dimensional graphical method for extracting physical understanding from the raw diffraction data in shocked experiments. This method advances beyond the previous iterative process by turning abstract diffraction theories in shock physics into mathematic issues, providing three-dimensional visualization and quick extraction of data characteristics. The capability and versatility of the method are exhibited by identifying lattice planes for single crystal samples with different orientations and quantitatively measuring the lattice compression and rotation under dynamic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHui Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - DongBing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - QingGuo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - BinQiang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - Mu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoYa Li
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Mianyang, 621900 Sichuan, China
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17
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Kalita P, Specht P, Root S, Sinclair N, Schuman A, White M, Cornelius AL, Smith J, Sinogeikin S. Direct Observations of a Dynamically Driven Phase Transition with in situ X-Ray Diffraction in a Simple Ionic Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:255701. [PMID: 29303337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.255701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report real-time observations of a phase transition in the ionic solid CaF_{2}, a model AB_{2} structure in high-pressure physics. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction coupled with dynamic loading to 27.7 GPa, and separately with static compression, follows, in situ, the fluorite to cotunnite structural phase transition, both on nanosecond and on minute time scales. Using Rietveld refinement techniques, we examine the kinetics and hysteresis of the transition. Our results give insight into the kinetic time scale of the fluorite-cotunnite phase transition under shock compression, which is relevant to a number of isomorphic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kalita
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125, USA
| | - Paul Specht
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125, USA
| | - Seth Root
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125, USA
| | - Nicholas Sinclair
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam Schuman
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Melanie White
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Andrew L Cornelius
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Jesse Smith
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stanislav Sinogeikin
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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