1
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Heighway PG, Sliwa M, McGonegle D, Wehrenberg C, Bolme CA, Eggert J, Higginbotham A, Lazicki A, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Park HS, Rudd RE, Smith RF, Suggit MJ, Swift D, Tavella F, Remington BA, Wark JS. Nonisentropic Release of a Shocked Solid. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:245501. [PMID: 31922830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.245501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present molecular dynamics simulations of shock and release in micron-scale tantalum crystals that exhibit postbreakout temperatures far exceeding those expected under the standard assumption of isentropic release. We show via an energy-budget analysis that this is due to plastic-work heating from material strength that largely counters thermoelastic cooling. The simulations are corroborated by experiments where the release temperatures of laser-shocked tantalum foils are deduced from their thermal strains via in situ x-ray diffraction and are found to be close to those behind the shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Heighway
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Sliwa
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, SM-30, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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2
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Brown SB, Gleason AE, Galtier E, Higginbotham A, Arnold B, Fry A, Granados E, Hashim A, Schroer CG, Schropp A, Seiboth F, Tavella F, Xing Z, Mao W, Lee HJ, Nagler B. Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau8044. [PMID: 30873430 PMCID: PMC6408150 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under rapid high-temperature, high-pressure loading, lattices exhibit complex elastic-inelastic responses. The dynamics of these responses are challenging to measure experimentally because of high sample density and extremely small relevant spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use an x-ray free-electron laser providing simultaneous in situ direct imaging and x-ray diffraction to spatially resolve lattice dynamics of silicon under high-strain rate conditions. We present the first imaging of a new intermediate elastic feature modulating compression along the axis of applied stress, and we identify the structure, compression, and density behind each observed wave. The ultrafast probe x-rays enabled time-resolved characterization of the intermediate elastic feature, which is leveraged to constrain kinetic inhibition of the phase transformation between 2 and 4 ns. These results not only address long-standing questions about the response of silicon under extreme environments but also demonstrate the potential for ultrafast direct measurements to illuminate new lattice dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Brennan Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Building 530, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. E. Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - B. Arnold
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Fry
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Hashim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. G. Schroer
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Schropp
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Seiboth
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Tavella
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Z. Xing
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W. Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 367 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305-2220, USA
| | - H. J. Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B. Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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3
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Hussein AE, Senabulya N, Ma Y, Streeter MJV, Kettle B, Dann SJD, Albert F, Bourgeois N, Cipiccia S, Cole JM, Finlay O, Gerstmayr E, González IG, Higginbotham A, Jaroszynski DA, Falk K, Krushelnick K, Lemos N, Lopes NC, Lumsdon C, Lundh O, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z, Rajeev PP, Schlepütz CM, Shahzad M, Smid M, Spesyvtsev R, Symes DR, Vieux G, Willingale L, Wood JC, Shahani AJ, Thomas AGR. Laser-wakefield accelerators for high-resolution X-ray imaging of complex microstructures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3249. [PMID: 30824838 PMCID: PMC6397215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) are high acceleration-gradient plasma-based particle accelerators capable of producing ultra-relativistic electron beams. Within the strong focusing fields of the wakefield, accelerated electrons undergo betatron oscillations, emitting a bright pulse of X-rays with a micrometer-scale source size that may be used for imaging applications. Non-destructive X-ray phase contrast imaging and tomography of heterogeneous materials can provide insight into their processing, structure, and performance. To demonstrate the imaging capability of X-rays from an LWFA we have examined an irregular eutectic in the aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) system. The lamellar spacing of the Al-Si eutectic microstructure is on the order of a few micrometers, thus requiring high spatial resolution. We present comparisons between the sharpness and spatial resolution in phase contrast images of this eutectic alloy obtained via X-ray phase contrast imaging at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) synchrotron and X-ray projection microscopy via an LWFA source. An upper bound on the resolving power of 2.7 ± 0.3 μm of the LWFA source in this experiment was measured. These results indicate that betatron X-rays from laser wakefield acceleration can provide an alternative to conventional synchrotron sources for high resolution imaging of eutectics and, more broadly, complex microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hussein
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.
| | - N Senabulya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.,Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - M J V Streeter
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - B Kettle
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S J D Dann
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - S Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - O Finlay
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - E Gerstmayr
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - K Falk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics of the ASCR, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - N C Lopes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, U.L., Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - C Lumsdon
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C M Schlepütz
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Shahzad
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - M Smid
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Spesyvtsev
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - G Vieux
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - L Willingale
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - J C Wood
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A J Shahani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.,Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
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4
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Sliwa M, McGonegle D, Wehrenberg C, Bolme CA, Heighway PG, Higginbotham A, Lazicki A, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Park HS, Rudd RE, Suggit MJ, Swift D, Tavella F, Zepeda-Ruiz L, Remington BA, Wark JS. Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reversal of the Microstructural Effects of Plastic Deformation during Shock Release of Tantalum. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:265502. [PMID: 30004719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.265502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used femtosecond x-ray diffraction to study laser-shocked fiber-textured polycrystalline tantalum targets as the 37-253 GPa shock waves break out from the free surface. We extract the time and depth-dependent strain profiles within the Ta target as the rarefaction wave travels back into the bulk of the sample. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, the lattice rotation and the twins that are formed under shock compression are observed to be almost fully eliminated by the rarefaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sliwa
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Road, SM-30, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P G Heighway
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Zepeda-Ruiz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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5
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Wehrenberg CE, McGonegle D, Bolme C, Higginbotham A, Lazicki A, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Park HS, Remington BA, Rudd RE, Sliwa M, Suggit M, Swift D, Tavella F, Zepeda-Ruiz L, Wark JS. In situ X-ray diffraction measurement of shock-wave-driven twinning and lattice dynamics. Nature 2017; 550:496-499. [DOI: 10.1038/nature24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Gorman MG, Briggs R, McBride EE, Higginbotham A, Arnold B, Eggert JH, Fratanduono DE, Galtier E, Lazicki AE, Lee HJ, Liermann HP, Nagler B, Rothkirch A, Smith RF, Swift DC, Collins GW, Wark JS, McMahon MI. Direct Observation of Melting in Shock-Compressed Bismuth With Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:095701. [PMID: 26371663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The melting of bismuth in response to shock compression has been studied using in situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction at an x-ray free electron laser. Both solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions are documented using changes in discrete diffraction peaks and the emergence of broad, liquid scattering upon release from shock pressures up to 14 GPa. The transformation from the solid state to the liquid is found to occur in less than 3 ns, very much faster than previously believed. These results are the first quantitative measurements of a liquid material obtained on shock release using x-ray diffraction, and provide an upper limit for the time scale of melting of bismuth under shock loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Gorman
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - R Briggs
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - E E McBride
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Higginbotham
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - B Arnold
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A E Lazicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H P Liermann
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Nagler
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Rothkirch
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - D C Swift
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 6000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94500, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
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7
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Comley AJ, Maddox BR, Rudd RE, Barton NR, Wehrenberg CE, Prisbrey ST, Hawreliak JA, Orlikowski DA, Peterson SC, Satcher JH, Elsholz AJ, Park HS, Remington BA, Bazin N, Foster JM, Graham P, Park N, Rosen PA, Rothman SD, Higginbotham A, Suggit M, Wark JS. Comley et al. reply. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:039602. [PMID: 25083670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.039602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Comley
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA and Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B R Maddox
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N R Barton
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C E Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Orlikowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Satcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Elsholz
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Bazin
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J M Foster
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - N Park
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P A Rosen
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S D Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginbotham
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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8
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Milathianaki D, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Higginbotham A, Ratner D, Gleason AE, Messerschmidt M, Seibert MM, Swift DC, Hering P, Robinson J, White WE, Wark JS. Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter. Science 2013; 342:220-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Clark JN, Beitra L, Xiong G, Higginbotham A, Fritz DM, Lemke HT, Zhu D, Chollet M, Williams GJ, Messerschmidt M, Abbey B, Harder RJ, Korsunsky AM, Wark JS, Robinson IK. Ultrafast three-dimensional imaging of lattice dynamics in individual gold nanocrystals. Science 2013; 341:56-9. [PMID: 23704372 DOI: 10.1126/science.1236034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Key insights into the behavior of materials can be gained by observing their structure as they undergo lattice distortion. Laser pulses on the femtosecond time scale can be used to induce disorder in a "pump-probe" experiment with the ensuing transients being probed stroboscopically with femtosecond pulses of visible light, x-rays, or electrons. Here we report three-dimensional imaging of the generation and subsequent evolution of coherent acoustic phonons on the picosecond time scale within a single gold nanocrystal by means of an x-ray free-electron laser, providing insights into the physics of this phenomenon. Our results allow comparison and confirmation of predictive models based on continuum elasticity theory and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Clark
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK.
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Comley AJ, Maddox BR, Rudd RE, Prisbrey ST, Hawreliak JA, Orlikowski DA, Peterson SC, Satcher JH, Elsholz AJ, Park HS, Remington BA, Bazin N, Foster JM, Graham P, Park N, Rosen PA, Rothman SR, Higginbotham A, Suggit M, Wark JS. Strength of shock-loaded single-crystal tantalum [100] determined using in situ broadband x-ray Laue diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:115501. [PMID: 25166552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The strength of shock-loaded single crystal tantalum [100] has been experimentally determined using in situ broadband x-ray Laue diffraction to measure the strain state of the compressed crystal, and elastic constants calculated from first principles. The inferred strength reaches 35 GPa at a shock pressure of 181 GPa and is in excellent agreement with a multiscale strength model [N. R. Barton et al., J. Appl. Phys. 109, 073501 (2011)], which employs a hierarchy of simulation methods over a range of length scales to calculate strength from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Comley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA and Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B R Maddox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R E Rudd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Orlikowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Satcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Elsholz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Bazin
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J M Foster
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - N Park
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P A Rosen
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S R Rothman
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginbotham
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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11
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Cho BI, Engelhorn K, Vinko SM, Chung HK, Ciricosta O, Rackstraw DS, Falcone RW, Brown CRD, Burian T, Chalupský J, Graves C, Hájková V, Higginbotham A, Juha L, Krzywinski J, Lee HJ, Messersmidt M, Murphy C, Ping Y, Rohringer N, Scherz A, Schlotter W, Toleikis S, Turner JJ, Vysin L, Wang T, Wu B, Zastrau U, Zhu D, Lee RW, Nagler B, Wark JS, Heimann PA. Resonant Kα spectroscopy of solid-density aluminum plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:245003. [PMID: 23368333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.245003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The x-ray intensities made available by x-ray free electron lasers (FEL) open up new x-ray matter interaction channels not accessible with previous sources. We report here on the resonant generation of Kα emission, that is to say the production of copious Kα radiation by tuning the x-ray FEL pulse to photon energies below that of the K edge of a solid aluminum sample. The sequential absorption of multiple photons in the same atom during the 80 fs pulse, with photons creating L-shell holes and then one resonantly exciting a K-shell electron into one of these holes, opens up a channel for the Kα production, as well as the absorption of further photons. We demonstrate rich spectra of such channels, and investigate the emission produced by tuning the FEL energy to the K-L transitions of those highly charged ions that have transition energies below the K edge of the cold material. The spectra are sensitive to x-ray intensity dependent opacity effects, with ions containing L-shell holes readily reabsorbing the Kα radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Cho
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, California 94720, USA
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12
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Ciricosta O, Vinko SM, Chung HK, Cho BI, Brown CRD, Burian T, Chalupský J, Engelhorn K, Falcone RW, Graves C, Hájková V, Higginbotham A, Juha L, Krzywinski J, Lee HJ, Messerschmidt M, Murphy CD, Ping Y, Rackstraw DS, Scherz A, Schlotter W, Toleikis S, Turner JJ, Vysin L, Wang T, Wu B, Zastrau U, Zhu D, Lee RW, Heimann P, Nagler B, Wark JS. Direct measurements of the ionization potential depression in a dense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:065002. [PMID: 23006275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have used the Linac Coherent Light Source to generate solid-density aluminum plasmas at temperatures of up to 180 eV. By varying the photon energy of the x rays that both create and probe the plasma, and observing the K-α fluorescence, we can directly measure the position of the K edge of the highly charged ions within the system. The results are found to disagree with the predictions of the extensively used Stewart-Pyatt model, but are consistent with the earlier model of Ecker and Kröll, which predicts significantly greater depression of the ionization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ciricosta
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Murphy WJ, Higginbotham A, Kimminau G, Barbrel B, Bringa EM, Hawreliak J, Kodama R, Koenig M, McBarron W, Meyers MA, Nagler B, Ozaki N, Park N, Remington B, Rothman S, Vinko SM, Whitcher T, Wark JS. The strength of single crystal copper under uniaxial shock compression at 100 GPa. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:065404. [PMID: 21389369 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/6/065404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In situ x-ray diffraction has been used to measure the shear strain (and thus strength) of single crystal copper shocked to 100 GPa pressures at strain rates over two orders of magnitude higher than those achieved previously. For shocks in the [001] direction there is a significant associated shear strain, while shocks in the [111] direction give negligible shear strain. We infer, using molecular dynamics simulations and VISAR (standing for 'velocity interferometer system for any reflector') measurements, that the strength of the material increases dramatically (to approximately 1 GPa) for these extreme strain rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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Iqbal MJ, Higginbotham A, Chickris N, Bollaert M, Rockway S, Banz WJ. A combination of CLA-DAG oil modifies the diabetic phenotype in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Horm Metab Res 2008; 40:262-8. [PMID: 18548385 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of human and animal studies using conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) oil have shown positive physiological effects on abdominal adiposity, plasma triglycerides, plasma glucose, and insulin sensitivity. A novel DAG composition containing CLA called CLA diacylglyceride (CLA-DAG) may offer potential as a therapeutic agent in reducing some of the symptoms associated with the diabetic phenotype and metabolic syndrome. This study was designed to investigate the effect of CLA-DAG oil on the diabetic phenotype in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Animals were assigned to one of four groups: control (C), rosiglitazone (ROS), CLA-DAG, or CLA as free fatty acid (CLA-FFA). After 11 weeks, body weight was higher and kidney weight was lower in the CLA-DAG and ROS groups compared with the C group. The ROS treatment increased the percentage of body fat as compared with all other groups. Final fasting blood glucose was lower in the CLA-DAG and ROS groups than in the C group. Plasma cholesterol was lower in the CLA-DAG group, and plasma triglycerides were lower in the ROS group compared with the C group. We also observed changes in transcript abundance of PPAR-gamma, PPAR-alpha, FAS, LPL, UCP2, UCP3, CPT1, RxR, ObRb, ApoAII, ApoD, and IRS1 in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, suggesting treatment-induced effects on these genes. Collectively, these data suggest the need for further research on the therapeutic relevance of CLA-DAG oil in obesity and diabetes. Future research should also differentiate between CLA alone and DAG alone compared with the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Iqbal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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