1
|
Joeris K, Schönau L, Keulen M, Born P, Kollmer JE. The influence of interparticle cohesion on rebounding slow impacts on rubble pile asteroids. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:36. [PMID: 35978020 PMCID: PMC9385662 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ballistic sorting effect has been proposed to be a driver behind the observed size sorting on the rubble pile asteroid Itokawa. This effect depends on the inelasticity of slow collisions with granular materials. The inelasticity of a collision with a granular material, in turn, depends on grain size. Here we argue that determining the inelasticity of such collisions in an asteroid-like environment is a nontrivial task. We show non-monotonic dependency of the coefficient of restitution (COR) on target particle size using experiments in microgravity. Employing numerical simulations, we explain these results with the growing influence of adhesion for smaller-sized particles. We conclude that there exists an optimum impactor to target particle size ratio for ballistic sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Joeris
- Experimentelle Astrophysik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1-21, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Laurent Schönau
- Experimentelle Astrophysik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1-21, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Keulen
- Experimentelle Astrophysik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1-21, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Philip Born
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170, Köln, Germany
| | - Jonathan E Kollmer
- Experimentelle Astrophysik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1-21, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sautel J, Lecomte CÉ, Taberlet N. Particle size segregation in two-dimensional circular granular aggregates. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022901. [PMID: 33736067 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although many previous studies have focused on the Brazil nut effect, segregation in a self-gravitating circular aggregate remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, size segregation in a two-dimensional assembly of grains in a circular geometry is studied through discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulations. We show that radial segregation within an asteroid submitted to periodic perturbations is not limited to the surface but also occurs in its core. The characteristic time and the overall efficiency of the segregation mechanism are studied as the intensity of the perturbation, the frictional properties, and rotational freedom of individual grains are varied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Sautel
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique UMR 5672, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Charles-Édouard Lecomte
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique UMR 5672, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Taberlet
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique UMR 5672, F-69342 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Joeris K, Schönau L, Schmidt L, Keulen M, Desai V, Born P, Kollmer JE. Experiments on rebounding slow impacts under asteroid conditions. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124913003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a newly developed experiment for the examination of low-speed impacts under asteroid conditions. More specifically, our experimental setup enables us to simulate a very clean milligravity environment under vacuum, in which projectiles are shot at a granular bed at several cm/s. This granular bed consists of irregularly formed basalt particles with different size distributions. The experiment is carried out in the Bremen drop tower in its catapult mode, granting more than 9 s microgravity. Here, we discuss the setup and assess its performance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang K, Hernández-Delfin D, Rech F, Dichtl V, Hidalgo RC. The role of initial speed in projectile impacts into light granular media. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3207. [PMID: 32081983 PMCID: PMC7035294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Projectile impact into a light granular material composed of expanded polypropylene (EPP) particles is investigated systematically with various impact velocities. Experimentally, the trajectory of an intruder moving inside the granular material is monitored with a recently developed non-invasive microwave radar system. Numerically, discrete element simulations together with coarse-graining techniques are employed to address both dynamics of the intruder and response of the granular bed. Our experimental and numerical results of the intruder dynamics agree with each other quantitatively and are in congruent with existing phenomenological model on granular drag. Stepping further, we explore the ‘microscopic’ origin of granular drag through characterizing the response of granular bed, including density, velocity and kinetic stress fields at the mean-field level. In addition, we find that the dynamics of cavity collapse behind the intruder changes significantly when increasing the initial speed . Moreover, the kinetic pressure ahead of the intruder decays exponentially in the co-moving system of the intruder. Its scaling gives rise to a characteristic length scale, which is in the order of intruder size. This finding is in perfect agreement with the long-scale inertial dissipation type that we find in all cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 215306, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China. .,Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Dariel Hernández-Delfin
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felix Rech
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Valentin Dichtl
- Experimentalphysik V, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Raúl Cruz Hidalgo
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, University of Navarra, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aumaître S, Behringer RP, Cazaubiel A, Clément E, Crassous J, Durian DJ, Falcon E, Fauve S, Fischer D, Garcimartín A, Garrabos Y, Hou M, Jia X, Lecoutre C, Luding S, Maza D, Noirhomme M, Opsomer E, Palencia F, Pöschel T, Schockmel J, Sperl M, Stannarius R, Vandewalle N, Yu P. An instrument for studying granular media in low-gravity environment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:075103. [PMID: 30068123 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental facility has been designed and constructed to study driven granular media in a low-gravity environment. This versatile instrument, fully automatized, with a modular design based on several interchangeable experimental cells, allows us to investigate research topics ranging from dilute to dense regimes of granular media such as granular gas, segregation, convection, sound propagation, jamming, and rheology-all without the disturbance by gravitational stresses active on Earth. Here, we present the main parameters, protocols, and performance characteristics of the instrument. The current scientific objectives are then briefly described and, as a proof of concept, some first selected results obtained in low gravity during parabolic flight campaigns are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aumaître
- SPEC, DSM, CEA-Saclay, CNRS URA 2464, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R P Behringer
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - A Cazaubiel
- Université Paris Diderot, SPC, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - E Clément
- PMMH, ESPCI, UMR 7636 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J Crassous
- Université Rennes 1, IPR, UMR 6251 CNRS, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - D J Durian
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, USA
| | - E Falcon
- Université Paris Diderot, SPC, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Fauve
- École Normale Supérieure, LPS, CNRS, UMR 8550, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Fischer
- IEP, Otto von Guericke Universität, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Garcimartín
- DFMA, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Y Garrabos
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Hou
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Jia
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Lecoutre
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - S Luding
- MSM, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - D Maza
- DFMA, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Noirhomme
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Opsomer
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Palencia
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - T Pöschel
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität, IMS, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Schockmel
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, DLR, D-51170 Köln, Germany
| | - R Stannarius
- IEP, Otto von Guericke Universität, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N Vandewalle
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P Yu
- MSM, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|