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Darias J, Gella D, Fernández M, Zuriguel I, Maza D. The hopper angle role on the velocity and solid-fraction profiles at the outlet of silos. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gella D, Zuriguel I, Maza D. Decoupling Geometrical and Kinematic Contributions to the Silo Clogging Process. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:138001. [PMID: 30312039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.138001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the implementation of a novel silo discharge procedure, we are able to control the grains velocities regardless of the outlet size. This allows isolating the geometrical and kinematic contributions to the clogging process. We find that, for a given outlet size, reducing the grains velocities to extremely low values leads to a clogging probability increment of almost two orders of magnitude, hence revealing the importance of particle kinematics in the silo clogging process. Then, we explore the contribution of both variables, outlet size and grains velocity, and we find that our results agree with an already known exponential expression that relates clogging probability with outlet size. We propose a modification of such expression revealing that only two parameters are necessary to fit all the data: one is related with the geometry of the problem, and the other with the grains kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gella
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Zuriguel
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - D Maza
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Aumaître S, Behringer RP, Cazaubiel A, Clément E, Crassous J, Durian DJ, Falcon E, Fauve S, Fischer D, Garcimartín A, Garrabos Y, Hou M, Jia X, Lecoutre C, Luding S, Maza D, Noirhomme M, Opsomer E, Palencia F, Pöschel T, Schockmel J, Sperl M, Stannarius R, Vandewalle N, Yu P. An instrument for studying granular media in low-gravity environment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:075103. [PMID: 30068123 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental facility has been designed and constructed to study driven granular media in a low-gravity environment. This versatile instrument, fully automatized, with a modular design based on several interchangeable experimental cells, allows us to investigate research topics ranging from dilute to dense regimes of granular media such as granular gas, segregation, convection, sound propagation, jamming, and rheology-all without the disturbance by gravitational stresses active on Earth. Here, we present the main parameters, protocols, and performance characteristics of the instrument. The current scientific objectives are then briefly described and, as a proof of concept, some first selected results obtained in low gravity during parabolic flight campaigns are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aumaître
- SPEC, DSM, CEA-Saclay, CNRS URA 2464, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R P Behringer
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - A Cazaubiel
- Université Paris Diderot, SPC, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - E Clément
- PMMH, ESPCI, UMR 7636 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J Crassous
- Université Rennes 1, IPR, UMR 6251 CNRS, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - D J Durian
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, USA
| | - E Falcon
- Université Paris Diderot, SPC, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Fauve
- École Normale Supérieure, LPS, CNRS, UMR 8550, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Fischer
- IEP, Otto von Guericke Universität, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Garcimartín
- DFMA, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Y Garrabos
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Hou
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Jia
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Lecoutre
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - S Luding
- MSM, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - D Maza
- DFMA, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Noirhomme
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Opsomer
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Palencia
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - T Pöschel
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität, IMS, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Schockmel
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, DLR, D-51170 Köln, Germany
| | - R Stannarius
- IEP, Otto von Guericke Universität, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N Vandewalle
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P Yu
- MSM, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We experimentally analyze the compaction dynamics of an ensemble of cubic particles submitted to a novel type of excitation. Instead of the standard tapping procedure used in granular materials we apply alternative twists to the cylindrical container. Under this agitation, the development of shear forces among the different layers of cubes leads to particle alignment. As a result, the packing fraction grows monotonically with the number of twists. If the intensity of the excitations is sufficiently large, an ordered final state is reached where the volume fraction is the densest possible compatible with the boundary condition. This ordered final state resembles the tetratic or cubatic phases observed in colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asencio
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - M Acevedo
- CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Monterrey, PIIT. 66600 Apodaca, Nuevo Len, Mexico
| | - I Zuriguel
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - D Maza
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Navarra, Spain
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Abstract
We present numerical and experimental results on the mass flow rate during the discharge of three-dimensional silos filled with a bidisperse mixture of grains of different sizes. We analyzed the influence of the ratio between coarse and fine particles on the profile of volume fraction and velocity across the orifice. By using numerical simulations, we have shown that the velocity profile has the same shape as that in the monodisperse case and is insensitive to the composition of the mixture. On the contrary, the volume fraction profile is strongly affected by the composition of the mixture. Assuming that an effective particle size can be introduced to characterize the mixture, we have shown that previous expression for the mass flow rate of monodisperse particles can be used for binary mixtures. A comparison with Beverloo's correlation is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madrid
- Departamento Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad Regional La Plata, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, CONICET, Avenida 60 Esquina 124, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - K Asencio
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - D Maza
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Acevedo M, Hidalgo RC, Zuriguel I, Maza D, Pagonabarraga I. Influence of the feeding mechanism on deposits of square particles. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:012202. [PMID: 23410321 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.012202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In a previous paper [Hidalgo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 118001 (2009)] it was shown that square particles deposited in a silo tend to align with a diagonal parallel to the gravity, giving rise to a deposit with very particular properties. Here we explore, both experimentally and numerically, the effect on these properties of the filling mechanism. In particular, we modify the volume fraction of the initial configuration from which the grains are deposited. Starting from a very dilute case, increasing the volume fraction results in an enhancement of the disorder in the final deposit characterized by a decrease of the final packing fraction and a reduction of the number of particles oriented with their diagonal in the direction of gravity. However, for very high initial volume fractions, the final packing fraction increases again. This result implies that two deposits with the same final packing fraction can be obtained from very different initial conditions. The structural properties of such deposits are analyzed, revealing that, although the final volume fraction is the same, their micromechanical properties notably differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Acevedo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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Kanzaki T, Acevedo M, Zuriguel I, Pagonabarraga I, Maza D, Hidalgo RC. Stress distribution of faceted particles in a silo after its partial discharge. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2011; 34:1-8. [PMID: 22197909 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2011-11133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental and numerical results of the effect that a partial discharge has on the morphological and micro-mechanical properties of non-spherical, convex particles in a silo. The comparison of the particle orientation after filling the silo and its subsequent partial discharge reveals important shear-induced orientation, which affects stress propagation. For elongated particles, the flow induces an increase in the packing disorder which leads to a reduction of the vertical stress propagation developed during the deposit generated prior to the partial discharge. For square particles, the flow favors particle alignment with the lateral walls promoting a behavior opposite to the one of the elongated particles: vertical force transmission, parallel to gravity, is induced. Hence, for elongated particles the flow developed during the partial discharge of the silo leads to force saturation with depth whereas for squares the flow induces hindering of the force saturation observed during the silo filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanzaki
- Departament de Física, Universitat de Girona, Spain.
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Janda A, Harich R, Zuriguel I, Maza D, Cixous P, Garcimartín A. Flow-rate fluctuations in the outpouring of grains from a two-dimensional silo. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:031302. [PMID: 19391930 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.031302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results obtained with a two-dimensional silo discharging under gravity through an orifice at the flat bottom. High-speed measurements provide enough time resolution to detect every single bead that goes out and this allows the measurement of the flow rate in short-time windows. Two different regimes are clearly distinguished: one for large orifices, which can be described by Gaussian fluctuations, and another for small orifices, in which extreme events appear. The frontier between those two regimes coincides with the outlet size below which jamming events are frequent. Moreover, it is shown that the power spectrum of the flow-rate oscillations is not dominated by any particular frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janda
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain.
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Abstract
The silo discharge process is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The development of the velocity profile and the probability density function for the displacements in the horizontal and vertical axis are obtained. The PDFs obtained at the beginning of the discharge reveal non-Gaussian statistics and superdiffusive behaviors. When the stationary flow is developed, the PDFs at shorter temporal scales are non-Gaussian too. For big orifices a well-defined transition between ballistic and diffusive regime is observed. In the case of a small outlet orifice, no well-defined transition is observed. We use a nonlinear diffusion equation introduced in the framework of non-extensive thermodynamics in order to describe the movements of the grains. The solution of this equation gives a well-defined relationship (gamma = 2/(3 - q)) between the anomalous diffusion exponent gamma and the entropic parameter q introduced by the non-extensive formalism to fit the PDF of the fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arévalo
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, University of Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain.
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Garcimartín A, Maza D, Ilquimiche JL, Zuriguel I. Convective motion in a vibrated granular layer. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:031303. [PMID: 11909042 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Velocity measurements are presented for a vertically shaken granular layer. For frequencies around 110 Hz and accelerations larger than gravity, the layer develops a convective motion in the form of one or more rolls. The velocity of the grains near the wall has been measured. It grows linearly with the acceleration, then the growth rate slows down. A rescaling with the amplitude of the wall velocity and the height of the granular layer makes all data collapse in a single curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcimartín
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain.
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Maza D, Vallone A, Mancini H, Boccaletti S. Experimental phase synchronization of a chaotic convective flow. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:5567-5570. [PMID: 11136048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1999] [Revised: 05/26/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental evidence of phase synchronization of high dimensional chaotic oscillators in a laboratory experiment. The experiment consists of a thermocapillary driven convective cell in a time dependent chaotic regime. The synchronized states emerge as a consequence of a localized temperature perturbation to the heater. The transition to phase synchronization is studied as a function of the external perturbations. The existence and stability conditions for this phenomenon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maza
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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Boccaletti S, Valladares DL, Kurths J, Maza D, Mancini H. Synchronization of chaotic structurally nonequivalent systems. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:3712-3715. [PMID: 11088148 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization features are explored for a pair of chaotic high-dimensional bidirectionally coupled structurally nonequivalent systems. We find two regimes of synchronization in dependence on the coupling strength: creation of a lower dimensional chaotic state, and for larger coupling a transition toward a stable periodic motion. We characterize this new state, showing that it is associated with an abrupt transition in the Lyapunov spectrum. The robustness of this state against noise is discussed, and the use of this dynamical property as a possible approach for the control of chaos is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boccaletti
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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Ramón ML, Maza D, Mancini HL. Patterns in small aspect ratio Bénard-Marangoni convection. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:4193-8. [PMID: 11970256 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study of pattern formation in Bénard-Marangoni convection with small aspect ratio containers and high Prandtl number fluids is presented. The observed stationary patterns complete previous experimental works performed at different values of aspect ratio and supercriticality. Detailed experimental studies of the flow in some single structures are described, and spatial bifurcations between different stationary planforms for a fixed aspect ratio are shown. These experimental results agree qualitatively with linear theory analysis and with some previous numerical works about boundary conditions effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ramón
- Departamento de Física y Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Turco S, Maza D, Ravin C. Overfill of large volume parenterals. Hosp Pharm 1978; 13:338, 364. [PMID: 10307645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Bungeţianu G, Duţu S, Maza D. [Questionnaire used in the study of the epidemiology of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. Ftiziologia 1971; 20:325-30. [PMID: 5164067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bogdănescu V, Zoi A, Maza D, Evian N, Vlădescu D. [Problems in precise diagnosis of "mycobacteriosis" and of "eliminators of atypical mycobacteria"]. Ftiziologia 1971; 20:3-12. [PMID: 5005705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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