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Cisneros LAT, Marzulli V, Windows-Yule CRK, Pöschel T. Impact in granular matter: Force at the base of a container made with one movable wall. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:012903. [PMID: 32794965 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.012903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In geotechnics as well as in planetary science, it is important to find a means by which to protect a base from impacts of micrometeoroids. In the moon, for example, covering a moon base with regolith, and housing such regolith by movable bounding walls, could work as a stress-leaking shield. Using a numerical model, by performing impacts on a granular material housed in a rectangular container made with one movable sidewall, it is found that such wall mobility serves as a good means for controlling the maximum force exerted at the container's base. We show that the force exerted at the container's base decreases as the movable wall decreases in mass, and it follows a Janssen-like trend. Moreover, by making use of a dynamically defined redirecting coefficient K(X), proposed by Windows-Yule et al. [Phys. Rev. E 100, 022902 (2019)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.100.022902], which depends on the container's width X, we propose a model for predicting the maxima measured at the container's base. The model depends on the projectile and granulate properties, and the container's geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Torres Cisneros
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marzulli
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C R K Windows-Yule
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Pöschel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Windows-Yule CRK, Mühlbauer S, Cisneros LAT, Nair P, Marzulli V, Pöschel T. Janssen effect in dynamic particulate systems. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:022902. [PMID: 31574658 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.022902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Janssen model of stress redistribution within laterally bounded particulate assemblies is a longstanding and valuable theoretical framework, widely used in the design of industrial systems. However, the model relies on the assumption of a static packing of particles and has never been tested in a truly dynamic regime nor for a constraining system whose geometry is dynamically altered. In this paper, we explore the pressure distributions of granular beds housed within a container possessing a laterally mobile sidewall, allowing the depth, height, and cross-sectional areas of the systems studied to be dynamically altered, thus, inducing particle rearrangements and flow in the particulate system constrained thereby. We demonstrate that the systems studied can be successfully described by the Janssen model across a wide range of system expansion rates, including those for which liquidlike flow is clearly observed and propose an extension to the model allowing for an improved characterization of constrained dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R K Windows-Yule
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Mühlbauer
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L A Torres Cisneros
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Nair
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marzulli
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Pöschel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Aumaître S, Behringer RP, Cazaubiel A, Clément E, Crassous J, Durian DJ, Falcon E, Fauve S, Fischer D, Garcimartín A, Garrabos Y, Hou M, Jia X, Lecoutre C, Luding S, Maza D, Noirhomme M, Opsomer E, Palencia F, Pöschel T, Schockmel J, Sperl M, Stannarius R, Vandewalle N, Yu P. An instrument for studying granular media in low-gravity environment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:075103. [PMID: 30068123 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental facility has been designed and constructed to study driven granular media in a low-gravity environment. This versatile instrument, fully automatized, with a modular design based on several interchangeable experimental cells, allows us to investigate research topics ranging from dilute to dense regimes of granular media such as granular gas, segregation, convection, sound propagation, jamming, and rheology-all without the disturbance by gravitational stresses active on Earth. Here, we present the main parameters, protocols, and performance characteristics of the instrument. The current scientific objectives are then briefly described and, as a proof of concept, some first selected results obtained in low gravity during parabolic flight campaigns are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aumaître
- SPEC, DSM, CEA-Saclay, CNRS URA 2464, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R P Behringer
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
| | - A Cazaubiel
- Université Paris Diderot, SPC, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - E Clément
- PMMH, ESPCI, UMR 7636 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J Crassous
- Université Rennes 1, IPR, UMR 6251 CNRS, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - D J Durian
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, USA
| | - E Falcon
- Université Paris Diderot, SPC, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Fauve
- École Normale Supérieure, LPS, CNRS, UMR 8550, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Fischer
- IEP, Otto von Guericke Universität, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Garcimartín
- DFMA, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Y Garrabos
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Hou
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Jia
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - C Lecoutre
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - S Luding
- MSM, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - D Maza
- DFMA, Universidad de Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Noirhomme
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Opsomer
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Palencia
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - T Pöschel
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität, IMS, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Schockmel
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Sperl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, DLR, D-51170 Köln, Germany
| | - R Stannarius
- IEP, Otto von Guericke Universität, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N Vandewalle
- GRASP, Institute of Physics B5a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P Yu
- MSM, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Kollmer JE, Pöschel T. Subharmonic instability of a self-organized granular jet. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22520. [PMID: 27001207 PMCID: PMC4802379 DOI: 10.1038/srep22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Downhill flows of granular matter colliding in the lowest point of a valley, may induce a self-organized jet. By means of a quasi two-dimensional experiment where fine grained sand flows in a vertically sinusoidally agitated cylinder, we show that the emergent jet, that is, a sheet of ejecta, does not follow the frequency of agitation but reveals subharmonic response. The order of the subharmonics is a complex function of the parameters of driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kollmer
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Pöschel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Borówko
- Department
for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - T. Pöschel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulations, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Sokołowski
- Department
for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Institute for Multiscale Simulations, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T. Staszewski
- Department
for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Bannerman MN, Kollmer JE, Sack A, Heckel M, Mueller P, Pöschel T. Movers and shakers: granular damping in microgravity. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:011301. [PMID: 21867158 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The response of an oscillating granular damper to an initial perturbation is studied using experiments performed in microgravity and granular dynamics simulations. High-speed video and image processing techniques are used to extract experimental data. An inelastic hard sphere model is developed to perform simulations and the results are in excellent agreement with the experiments. In line with previous work, a linear decay of the amplitude is observed. Although this behavior is typical for a friction-damped oscillator, through simulation it is shown that this effect is still present even when friction forces are absent. A simple expression is developed which predicts the optimal damping conditions for a given amplitude and is independent of the oscillation frequency and particle inelasticities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Bannerman
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49b, DE-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Schwager T, Becker V, Pöschel T. Coefficient of tangential restitution for viscoelastic spheres. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2008; 27:107-114. [PMID: 18839235 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The collision of frictional granular particles may be described by an interaction force whose normal component is that of viscoelastic spheres while the tangential part is described by the model by Cundall and Strack (Géotechnique 29, 47 (1979)) being the most popular tangential collision model in Molecular Dynamics simulations. Albeit being a rather complicated model, governed by 5 phenomenological parameters and 2 independent initial conditions, we find that it is described by 3 independent parameters only. Surprisingly, in a wide range of parameters the corresponding coefficient of tangential restitution, epsilont, is well described by the simple Coulomb law with a cut-off at epsilont = 0. A more complex behavior of the coefficient of restitution as a function on the normal and tangential components of the impact velocity, gn and gt, including negative values of epsilont, is found only for very small ratio gt/gn. For the analysis presented here we neglect dissipation of the interaction in normal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schwager
- Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Brilliantov NV, Pöschel T, Kranz WT, Zippelius A. Translations and rotations are correlated in granular gases. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:128001. [PMID: 17501156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In a granular gas of rough particles the axis of rotation is shown to be correlated with the translational velocity of the particles. The average relative orientation of angular and linear velocities depends on the parameters which characterize the dissipative nature of the collision. We derive a simple theory for these correlations and validate it with numerical simulations for a wide range of coefficients of normal and tangential restitution. The limit of smooth spheres is shown to be singular: even an arbitrarily small roughness of the particles gives rise to orientational correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Brilliantov
- Institute of Physics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Assume in a sample of size M one finds M(i) representatives of species i with i = 1..N*. The normalized frequency pi* triple bond Mi/M, based on the finite sample, may deviate considerably from the true probabilities p(i). We propose a method to infer rank-ordered true probabilities r(i) from measured frequencies M(i). We show that the rank-ordered probabilities provide important informations on the system, e.g., the true number of species, the Shannon- and the Renyi-entropies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pöschel
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité, Institut für Biochemie, Monbijoustrasse 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Pöschel T, Salueña C, Schwager T. Scaling properties of granular materials. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:011308. [PMID: 11461250 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.011308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Given an assembly of viscoelastic spheres with certain material properties, we raise the question how the macroscopic properties of the assembly will change if all lengths of the system, i.e. radii, container size etc., are scaled by a constant. The result leads to a method to scale down experiments to lab size.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pöschel
- Humboldt-University Berlin-Charité, Monbijoustrasse 2, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Pöschel T, Brilliantov NV. Extremal collision sequences of particles on a line: optimal transmission of kinetic energy. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:021505. [PMID: 11308496 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.021505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/1999] [Revised: 02/02/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of kinetic energy through chains of inelastically colliding spheres is investigated for the case of constant coefficient of restitution epsilon=const and impact-velocity-dependent coefficient epsilon(v) for viscoelastic particles. We derive a theory for the optimal distribution of particle masses which maximize the energy transfer along the chain and check it numerically. We found that for epsilon=const, the mass distribution is a monotonous function which does not depend on the value of epsilon. In contrast, for epsilon(v) the mass distribution reveals a pronounced maximum, depending on the particle properties and on the chain length. The system investigated demonstrates that even for small and simple systems, the velocity dependence of the coefficient of restitution may lead to new effects with respect to the same systems under the simplifying approximation epsilon=const.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pöschel
- Charité, Institut für Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Monbijoustrasse 2, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Ramírez R, Pöschel T, Brilliantov NV, Schwager T. Coefficient of restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:4465-72. [PMID: 11970301 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We perform a dimension analysis for colliding viscoelastic spheres to show that the coefficient of normal restitution epsilon depends on the impact velocity g as epsilon=1-gamma(1)g(1/5)+gamma(2)g(2/5)-/+..., in accordance with recent findings. We develop a simple theory to find explicit expressions for coefficients gamma(1) and gamma(2). Using these and few next expansion coefficients for epsilon(g) we construct a Padé approximation for this function which may be used for a wide range of impact velocities where the concept of the viscoelastic collision is valid. The obtained expression reproduces quite accurately the existing experimental dependence epsilon(g) for ice particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Scherer MA, Buchholtz V, Pöschel T, Rehberg I. Swirling granular matter: From rotation to reptation. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 54:R4560-R4563. [PMID: 9965805 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.r4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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14
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Brilliantov NV, Spahn F, Hertzsch JM, Pöschel T. Model for collisions in granular gases. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 53:5382-5392. [PMID: 9964870 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Jiménez-Montaño MA, de la Mora-Basánez CR, Pöschel T. The hypercube structure of the genetic code explains conservative and non-conservative aminoacid substitutions in vivo and in vitro. Biosystems 1996; 39:117-25. [PMID: 8866048 DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(96)01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A representation of the genetic code as a six-dimensional Boolean hypercube is described. This structure is the result of the hierarchical order of the interaction energies of the bases in codon-anticodon recognition. In this paper it is applied to study molecular evolution in vivo and in vitro. In the first case we compared aligned positions in homologous protein sequences and found two different behaviors: (a) There are sites in which the different amino acids may be explained by one or two 'attractor nodes' (coding for the dominating amino acid(s)) and their one-bit neighbors in the codon hypercube; and (b) There are sites in which the amino acids correspond to codons located in closed paths in the hypercube. In the second case we studied the 'Sexual PCR'1 experiment described by Stemmer [Stemmer (1994)] and found that the success of this combination of usual PCR and recombination is in part due to the Gray code structure of the genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Jiménez-Montaño
- Depariamento de Fisica y Matemáticas, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, Cholula, México
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16
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Pöschel T, Gallas JA. Synchronization effects in the dynamical behavior of elevators. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 50:2654-2659. [PMID: 9962304 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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17
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Pöschel T, Buchholtz V. Static friction phenomena in granular materials: Coulomb law versus particle geometry. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 71:3963-3966. [PMID: 10055119 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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