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Wu H, Li G, Hou J, Sotthewes K. Probing surface properties of organic molecular layers by scanning tunneling microscopy. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102956. [PMID: 37393823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In view of the relevance of organic thin layers in many fields, the fundamentals, growth mechanisms, and dynamics of thin organic layers, in particular thiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) are systematically elaborated. From both theoretical and practical perspectives, dynamical and structural features of the SAMs are of great intrigue. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a remarkably powerful technique employed in the characterization of SAMs. Numerous research examples of investigation about the structural and dynamical properties of SAMs using STM, sometimes combined with other techniques, are listed in the review. Advanced options to enhance the time resolution of STM are discussed. Additionally, we elaborate on the extremely diverse dynamics of various SAMs, such as phase transitions and structural changes at the molecular level. In brief, the current review is expected to supply a better understanding and novel insights regarding the dynamical events happening in organic SAMs and how to characterize these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Genglin Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jirui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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2
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Fluorescence quenching, DFT, NBO, and TD-DFT calculations on 1, 4-bis [2-benzothiazolyl vinyl] benzene (BVB) and meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) in the presence of silver nanoparticles. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSteady-state fluorescence measurements were used to examine the fluorescence quenching of 1, 4-bis [-(2-benzothiazolyl) vinyl benzene (BVB) by sodium salt of meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) in the presence and absence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The energy transfer (ET) process’s emission intensities and Stern–Volmer constants (KSV) showed that Ag NP’s presence increased ET’s efficiency. The molecular structures of TPPS, TPPS, and BVB/TPPS were optimized using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d) technique to elucidate the mechanism. The discovered optimized molecular structure proved that whereas TPPS and BVB/TPPS MSs are not planar because the porphyrin group in TPPS is rotated out by phenyl sodium sulphate, the BVB MS is planer. All of the theoretical BVB results and the acquired experimental optical results were very similar.
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3
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Plasmonic Surface of Metallic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Meso-Terakis (4-Sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin (TPPS) and Theoretical-Experimental Comparable. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2257-2269. [PMID: 36045307 PMCID: PMC9606071 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal metallic nanoparticles have attracted a lot of interest in the last two decades owing to their simple synthesis and fascinating optical properties. In this manuscript, a study of the effect of both gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the fluorescence emission (FE) of TPPS has been investigated utilizing steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. From the observed electronic absorption spectra, there is no evidence of the ground state interaction between metallic Au NPs or Ag NPs with TPPS. On the other side, the FE spectra of TPPS have been quenched by both Ag and Au NPs. Via applying quenching calculations, Ag NPs showed only traditional static fluorescence quenching of TPPS with linear Stern–Volmer (SV) plots. On the contrary, quenching of TPPS emission by Au NPs shows composed models. One model is the sphere of action static quenching model that prevails at high quencher concentrations leading to non-linear SV plots with positive deviation. However, at low Au NPs concentrations, traditional dynamic quenching occurs with linear SV plots. The quantum calculations for TPPS structure have been obtained using Gaussian 09 software: in which the TPPS optimized molecular structure was achieved using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d) in a gaseous state. Also, the calculated electronic absorption spectra for the same molecule in water as a solvent are obtained using TD/M06/6-311G + + (2d, 2p). Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental results comparable to UV–Vis spectra have been investigated.
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1,4-bis[β-(2-benzoxazoly1) vinyl] benzene (BBVB) laser dye and sodium salt of meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS); spectroscopic investigation and DFT, NBO and TD-DFT calculations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yoshihara Y, Fujii S, Higashibayashi S, Kiguchi M, Nishino T. Single-molecule Electric Switching Induced by Acid-Base Reaction. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Lilak S, Woods W, Scharnhorst K, Dunham C, Teuscher C, Stieg AZ, Gimzewski JK. Spoken Digit Classification by In-Materio Reservoir Computing With Neuromorphic Atomic Switch Networks. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.675792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic Switch Networks comprising silver iodide (AgI) junctions, a material previously unexplored as functional memristive elements within highly interconnected nanowire networks, were employed as a neuromorphic substrate for physical Reservoir Computing This new class of ASN-based devices has been physically characterized and utilized to classify spoken digit audio data, demonstrating the utility of substrate-based device architectures where intrinsic material properties can be exploited to perform computation in-materio. This work demonstrates high accuracy in the classification of temporally analyzed Free-Spoken Digit Data These results expand upon the class of viable memristive materials available for the production of functional nanowire networks and bolster the utility of ASN-based devices as unique hardware platforms for neuromorphic computing applications involving memory, adaptation and learning.
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Wang C, Chi L, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemische Synthese an Oberflächen mit Präzision in atomarer Größenordnung: Beherrschung von Komplexität und Genauigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 V.R. China
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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Wang C, Chi L, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemical Synthesis at Surfaces with Atomic Precision: Taming Complexity and Perfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18758-18775. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional, Materials & DevicesSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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9
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Fujii S, Koike M, Nishino T, Shoji Y, Suzuki T, Fukushima T, Kiguchi M. Electric-Field-Controllable Conductance Switching of an Overcrowded Ethylene Self-Assembled Monolayer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18544-18550. [PMID: 31670509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular isomerism has been discussed from the viewpoint of the tiniest switch and memory elements in electronics. Here, we report an overcrowded ethylene-based molecular conductance switch, which fulfills all the essential requirements for implementation into electronic devices, namely, electric-field-controllable reversible conductance change with a molecular-level spatial resolution, robust conformational bistability under ambient conditions, and ordered monolayer formation on electrode surfaces. The conformational state of this overcrowded ethylene, represented by a folded or twisted conformer, is susceptible to external environments. Nanoscopic measurements using scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, together with theoretical simulations, revealed the electronic properties of each conformer adsorbed on Au(111). While the twisted conformer prevails in the molecularly dispersed state, upon self-assembly into a monolayer, a two-dimensional network structure of the folded conformer is preferentially formed due to particular intermolecular interaction. In the monolayer state, folded-to-twisted and its reverse isomerization can be controlled by the modulation of electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
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10
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Shiotari A, Odani T, Sugimoto Y. Torque-Induced Change in Configuration of a Single NO Molecule on Cu(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:116101. [PMID: 30265092 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that a nitric oxide (NO) molecule on Cu(110) acts as an "ON-OFF-ON toggle switch" that can be turned on and off by repulsive force and electron injection, respectively. On the surface, NO molecules exist in three configurations: flat along the [001] direction (ON), upright (OFF), and flat along [001[over ¯]] (ON). An NO-functionalized tip, which was characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, can convert an upright NO adsorbate into a flat-lying NO. Atomic force microscopy and a simulation of the interactions between the NO molecules reveal that a repulsive force not aligned with the N-O bond provides the torque that detrudes the NO toggle; i.e., the upright NO adsorbate is tilted away from the tip. Therefore, the NO adsorbate behaves as a nonvolatile sensor for the detection of locally applied repulsive torque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takafumi Odani
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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11
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Gross L, Schuler B, Pavliček N, Fatayer S, Majzik Z, Moll N, Peña D, Meyer G. Rasterkraftmikroskopie für die molekulare Strukturaufklärung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- IBM Research - Zürich; 8803 Rüschlikon Schweiz
| | - Bruno Schuler
- IBM Research - Zürich; 8803 Rüschlikon Schweiz
- Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spanien
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12
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Gross L, Schuler B, Pavliček N, Fatayer S, Majzik Z, Moll N, Peña D, Meyer G. Atomic Force Microscopy for Molecular Structure Elucidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3888-3908. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Bruno Schuler
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
- Current address: Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | | | - Zsolt Majzik
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Nikolaj Moll
- IBM Research-Zurich; 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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13
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Richter A, Haapasilta V, Venturini C, Bechstein R, Gourdon A, Foster AS, Kühnle A. Diacetylene polymerization on a bulk insulator surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:15172-15176. [PMID: 28561080 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics has great potential to surpass known limitations in conventional silicon-based technologies. The development of molecular electronics devices requires reliable strategies for connecting functional molecules by wire-like structures. To this end, diacetylene polymerization has been discussed as a very promising approach for contacting single molecules with a conductive polymer chain. A major challenge for future device fabrication is transferring this method to bulk insulator surfaces, which are mandatory to decouple the electronic structure of the functional molecules from the support surface. Here, we provide experimental evidence for diacetylene polymerization of 3,3'-(1,3-butadiyne-1,4-diyl)bisbenzoic acid precursors on the (10.4) surface of calcite, a bulk insulator with a band gap of around 6 eV. When deposited on the surface held at room temperature, ordered islands with a (1 × 3) superstructure are observed using dynamic atomic force microscopy. A distinct change is revealed upon heating the substrate to 485 K. After heating, molecular stripes with a characteristic inner structure are formed that excellently match the expected diacetylene polymer chains in appearance and repeat distance. The corresponding density functional theory computations reveal molecular-level bonding patterns of both the (1 × 3) superstructure and the formed striped structure, confirming the assignment of on-surface diacetylene polymerization. Transferring the concept of using diacetylene polymerization for creating conductive connections to bulk insulator surfaces paves the way towards application-relevant systems for future molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Hoffmann-Vogel R. Imaging prototypical aromatic molecules on insulating surfaces: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:016501. [PMID: 28958993 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa8fda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulating substrates allow for in-plane contacted molecular electronics devices where the molecule is in contact with the insulator. For the development of such devices it is important to understand the interaction of molecules with insulating surfaces. As substrates, ionic crystals such as KBr, KCl, NaCl and CaF2 are discussed. The surface energies of these substrates are small and as a consequence intrinsic properties of the molecules, such as molecule-molecule interaction, become more important relative to interactions with the substrates. As prototypical molecules, three variants of graphene-related molecules are used, pentacene, [Formula: see text] and PTCDA. Pentacene is a good candidate for molecular electronics applications due to its high charge carrier mobility. It shows mainly an upright standing growth mode and the morphology of the islands is strongly influenced by dewetting. A new second flat-lying phase of the molecule has been observed. Studying the local work function using the Kelvin method reveals details such as line defects in the center of islands. The local work function differences between the upright-standing and flat-lying phase can only be explained by charge transfer that is unusual on ionic crystalline surfaces. [Formula: see text] nucleation and growth is explained by loosely bound molecules at kink sites as nucleation sites. The stability of [Formula: see text] islands as a function of magic numbers is investigated. Peculiar island shapes are obtained from unusual dewetting processes already at work during growth, where molecules 'climb' to the second molecular layer. PTCDA is a prototypical semiconducting molecule with strong quadrupole moment. It grows in the form of elongated islands where the top and the facets can be molecularly resolved. In this way the precise molecular arrangement in the islands is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hoffmann-Vogel
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Institut für Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Pavliček N, Gross L. Generation, manipulation and characterization of molecules by atomic force microscopy. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Quantum half-adder Boolean logic gate with a nano-graphene molecule and graphene nano-electrodes. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Jankowska J, Barbatti M, Sadlej J, Sobolewski AL. Tailoring the Schiff base photoswitching – a non-adiabatic molecular dynamics study of substituent effect on excited state proton transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5318-5325. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics reveals how to design chemical substitutions to control excited-state proton transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | | | - Joanna Sadlej
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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18
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Kawai S. Revealing mechanical and structural properties of molecules on surface by high-resolution atomic force microscopy. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Force-induced tautomerization in a single molecule. Nat Chem 2016; 8:935-40. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Néel N, Lattelais M, Bocquet ML, Kröger J. Depopulation of Single-Phthalocyanine Molecular Orbitals upon Pyrrolic-Hydrogen Abstraction on Graphene. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2010-6. [PMID: 26812093 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule chemistry with a scanning tunneling microscope has preponderantly been performed on metal surfaces. The molecule-metal hybridization, however, is often detrimental to genuine molecular properties and obscures their changes upon chemical reactions. We used graphene on Ir(111) to reduce the coupling between Ir(111) and adsorbed phthalocyanine molecules. By local electron injection from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope the two pyrrolic H atoms were removed from single phthalocyanines. The detachment of the H atom pair induced a strong modification of the molecular electronic structure, albeit with no change in the adsorption geometry. Spectra and maps of the differential conductance combined with density functional calculations unveiled the entire depopulation of the highest occupied molecular orbital upon H abstraction. Occupied π states of intact molecules are proposed to be emptied via intramolecular electron transfer to dangling σ states of H-free N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Marie Lattelais
- Department of Chemistry, UMR ENS-CNRS-UPMC 8640, Ecole Normale Supérieure , F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- Department of Chemistry, UMR ENS-CNRS-UPMC 8640, Ecole Normale Supérieure , F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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Pawlak R, Ouyang W, Filippov AE, Kalikhman-Razvozov L, Kawai S, Glatzel T, Gnecco E, Baratoff A, Zheng Q, Hod O, Urbakh M, Meyer E. Single-Molecule Tribology: Force Microscopy Manipulation of a Porphyrin Derivative on a Copper Surface. ACS NANO 2016; 10:713-722. [PMID: 26571003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The low-temperature mechanical response of a single porphyrin molecule attached to the apex of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip during vertical and lateral manipulations is studied. We find that approach-retraction cycles as well as surface scanning with the terminated tip result in atomic-scale friction patterns induced by the internal reorientations of the molecule. With a joint experimental and computational effort, we identify the dicyanophenyl side groups of the molecule interacting with the surface as the dominant factor determining the observed frictional behavior. To this end, we developed a generalized Prandtl-Tomlinson model parametrized using density functional theory calculations that includes the internal degrees of freedom of the side group with respect to the core and its interactions with the underlying surface. We demonstrate that the friction pattern results from the variations of the bond length and bond angles between the dicyanophenyl side group and the porphyrin backbone as well as those of the CN group facing the surface during the lateral and vertical motion of the AFM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Alexander E Filippov
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Donetsk 83114, Ukraine
| | | | - Shigeki Kawai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Gnecco
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Alexis Baratoff
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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22
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Investigation of the photophysical and eletrochemical properties of a free base tetrapyridyl porphyrin with meso carbon linked ruthenium(II) groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Cai Y, Xu S, Qiao X, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang T, Xu X. Chirality control of nonplanar lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) and its potential application in high-density storage: a theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23651-6. [PMID: 26299939 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On single-crystal surfaces, achiral molecules may become chiral owing to confinement in two dimensions (2D). Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) on Cu(001) and Ag(100) surfaces have exhibited a chiral electronic state. However, the chirality is not always desirable since crystal defects (grain boundaries) inevitably occur between two different chiral domains during the self-assembly of single layers. In this theoretical study, we propose to utilize metal(001) substrates with different electron configurations to mediate the azimuthal orientations of nonplanar PbPc. The results show that PbPc is chiral on Cu(001) with a partially filled s orbital (3d(10)4s(1)) but achiral on Pd(001) with a completely filled d orbital (4d(10)). The mechanism that PbPc prefers achiral azimuthal orientation rather than chiral orientation on Pd(001) is clarified. In addition, we predict that PbPc can form a (3 × 4) surface reconstruction. While it is used for data storage, the capacity is almost three orders of magnitude higher than the present storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Cai
- Department of Physics, NanChang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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25
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Measuring the mechanical properties of molecular conformers. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8338. [PMID: 26388232 PMCID: PMC4595718 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning probe-actuated single molecule manipulation has proven to be an exceptionally powerful tool for the systematic atomic-scale interrogation of molecular adsorbates. To date, however, the extent to which molecular conformation affects the force required to push or pull a single molecule has not been explored. Here we probe the mechanochemical response of two tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin conformers using non-contact atomic force microscopy where we find a large difference between the lateral forces required for manipulation. Remarkably, despite sharing very similar adsorption characteristics, variations in the potential energy surface are capable of prohibiting probe-induced positioning of one conformer, while simultaneously permitting manipulation of the alternative conformational form. Our results are interpreted in the context of dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations which reveal significant differences in the diffusion barriers for each conformer. These results demonstrate that conformational variation significantly modifies the mechanical response of even simple porpyhrins, potentially affecting many other flexible molecules. Manipulation of single molecules can be achieved using scanning probe microscopy but the influence of molecular conformation on this process has, until now, been unclear. Here, the authors probe two different types of porphyrin conformer on a surface and see strong differences in their mechanochemical response.
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26
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Steurer W, Schuler B, Pavliček N, Gross L, Scivetti I, Persson M, Meyer G. Toggling the Local Electric Field with an Embedded Adatom Switch. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5564-5568. [PMID: 26177363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By means of scanning probe microscopy we demonstrate that Au(+) on NaCl films adsorbs in an embedded, slightly off-centered Cl-Cl bridge position and can be switched between two equivalent mirror-symmetric configurations using the attractive force exerted by a scanning probe tip. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the displacement of the Au atom from the centered position of the bridge configuration is accompanied by a large lifting of the closest Cl atom leading to significant changes in the local electrostatic field. Our findings suggest that Au(+) can be used to toggle the local electrostatic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Steurer
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - B Schuler
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - N Pavliček
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - L Gross
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - I Scivetti
- ‡Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - M Persson
- ‡Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - G Meyer
- †IBM Research-Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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27
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Bera S, Ambast DKS, Pal B, Haldar D. Assembly, growth and nonlinear thermo-optical properties of nitropeptides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16983-90. [PMID: 26061359 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular self-assembly, growth and nonlinear thermo-optical properties of three synthetic aromatic–aliphatic hybrid nitropeptides have been investigated. The X-ray crystallography of nitropeptide 2 containing a glutamic acid moiety shows that the peptide adopts a dimeric structure using intermolecular hydrogen bonding as well as face to face π–π stacking interactions. Moreover, nitropeptide 2 exhibits nonlocal nonlinear optical properties. When a Gaussian laser beam passes through nitropeptide 2, the peptide shows several concentric rings due to spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM). However, the homologous peptide 1 containing an aspartic acid moiety and peptide 3 containing an achiral α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) moiety adopt sheet-like structures and have no self-phase modulation effect. The report describes the thermo-optical properties consistent with assumption and calculation and is promising for their applications in nonlinear optical modulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Bera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India.
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28
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Yamazaki S, Maeda K, Sugimoto Y, Abe M, Zobač V, Pou P, Rodrigo L, Mutombo P, Pérez R, Jelínek P, Morita S. Interplay between Switching Driven by the Tunneling Current and Atomic Force of a Bistable Four-Atom Si Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4356-4363. [PMID: 26027677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We assemble bistable silicon quantum dots consisting of four buckled atoms (Si4-QD) using atom manipulation. We demonstrate two competing atom switching mechanisms, downward switching induced by tunneling current of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and opposite upward switching induced by atomic force of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Simultaneous application of competing current and force allows us to tune switching direction continuously. Assembly of the few-atom Si-QDs and controlling their states using versatile combined AFM/STM will contribute to further miniaturization of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yamazaki
- †The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Abe
- ¶Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Vladimír Zobač
- §Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10/112, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Pou
- ∥Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Rodrigo
- ∥Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- §Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10/112, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ruben Pérez
- ∥Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- §Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10/112, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Seizo Morita
- †The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Abstract
Porphyrins and other tetrapyrrole macrocycles possess an impressive variety of functional properties that have been exploited in natural and artificial systems. Different metal centres incorporated within the tetradentate ligand are key for achieving and regulating vital processes, including reversible axial ligation of adducts, electron transfer, light-harvesting and catalytic transformations. Tailored substituents optimize their performance, dictating their arrangement in specific environments and mediating the assembly of molecular nanoarchitectures. Here we review the current understanding of these species at well-defined interfaces, disclosing exquisite insights into their structural and chemical properties, and also discussing methods by which to manipulate their intramolecular and organizational features. The distinct characteristics arising from the interfacial confinement offer intriguing prospects for molecular science and advanced materials. We assess the role of surface interactions with respect to electronic and physicochemical characteristics, and describe in situ metallation pathways, molecular magnetism, rotation and switching. The engineering of nanostructures, organized layers, interfacial hybrid and bio-inspired systems is also addressed.
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30
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Aradhya SV, Nielsen A, Hybertsen MS, Venkataraman L. Quantitative bond energetics in atomic-scale junctions. ACS NANO 2014; 8:7522-30. [PMID: 24945851 DOI: 10.1021/nn502836e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A direct measurement of the potential energy surface that characterizes individual chemical bonds in complex materials has fundamental significance for many disciplines. Here, we demonstrate that the energy profile for metallic single-atom contacts and single-molecule junctions can be mapped by fitting ambient atomic force microscope measurements carried out in the near-equilibrium regime to a physical, but simple, functional form. We extract bond energies for junctions formed through metallic bonds as well as metal-molecule link bonds from atomic force microscope data and find that our results are in excellent quantitative agreement with density functional theory based calculations for exemplary junction structures. Furthermore, measurements from a large number of junctions can be collapsed to a single, universal force-extension curve, thus revealing a surprising degree of similarity in the overall shape of the potential surface that governs these chemical bonds. Compared to previous studies under ambient conditions where analysis was confined to trends in rupture force, our approach significantly expands the quantitative information extracted from these measurements, particularly allowing analysis of the trends in bond energy directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharsha V Aradhya
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University , New York, New York, United States
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31
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Abstract
In the last decade many molecular machines with controlled molecular motions have been synthesized. In the present review chapter we will present and discuss our contribution to the field, in particular through some examples of rotating molecular machines that have been designed, synthesized, and studied in our group. After starting by explaining why it is so important to study such machines as single molecules, we will focus on two families of molecular machines, nanovehicles and molecular motors. The first members of the nanovehicle family are molecules with two triptycenes as wheels: the axle and the wheelbarrow. Then come the four-wheel nanocars. Since triptycene wheels are not very mobile on metallic surfaces, alternative wheels with a bowl-shape structure have also been synthesized and studied on surfaces. The molecular motors are built around ruthenium organometallic centers and have a piano-stool geometry with peripheric ferrocenyl groups.
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32
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Ditze S, Stark M, Buchner F, Aichert A, Jux N, Luckas N, Görling A, Hieringer W, Hornegger J, Steinrück HP, Marbach H. On the energetics of conformational switching of molecules at and close to room temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1609-16. [PMID: 24410182 DOI: 10.1021/ja411884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We observe and induce conformational switching of individual molecules via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at and close to room temperature. 2H-5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)-phenylporphyrin adsorbed on Cu(111) forms a peculiar supramolecular ordered phase in which the molecules arrange in alternating rows, with two distinct appearances in STM which are assigned to concave and convex intramolecular conformations. Around room temperature, frequent bidirectional conformational switching of individual molecules from concave to convex and vice versa is observed. From the temperature dependence, detailed insights into the energy barriers and entropic contributions of the switching processes are deduced. At 200 K, controlled STM tip-induced unidirectional switching is possible, yielding an information storage density of 4.9 × 10(13) bit/inch(2). With this contribution we demonstrate that controlled switching of individual molecules at comparably high temperatures is possible and that entropic effects can be a decisive factor in potential molecular devices at these temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ditze
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II and ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Marbach H, Steinrück HP. Studying the dynamic behaviour of porphyrins as prototype functional molecules by scanning tunnelling microscopy close to room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9034-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunnelling microscopy of the dynamics of functional molecules (porphyrins) close to room temperature enables a detailed determination of the thermodynamic potentials including entropic contributions of the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Marbach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Egerlandstrasse 3 and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H.-P. Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Egerlandstrasse 3 and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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34
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Barbosa Neto N, Correa D, De Boni L, Parra G, Misoguti L, Mendonça C, Borissevitch I, Zílio S, Gonçalves P. Excited states absorption spectra of porphyrins – Solvent effects. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Pawin G, Stieg AZ, Skibo C, Grisolia M, Schilittler RR, Langlais V, Tateyama Y, Joachim C, Gimzewski JK. Amplification of conformational effects via tert-butyl groups: hexa-tert-butyl decacyclene on Cu(100) at room temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7309-7317. [PMID: 23311621 DOI: 10.1021/la304634n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecular systems as functional elements for use in next-generation electronic sensors and devices often relies on the addition of functional groups acting as spacers to modify adsorbate-substrate interactions. Although advantageous in many regards, these spacer groups have the secondary effect of amplifying internal conformational effects of the parent molecule. Here we investigate one such molecule-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexa-tert-butyl-decacyclene (HBDC, C60H66)-deposited on Cu(100) at monolayer and submonolayer coverages using an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM). By combining submolecular resolution imaging with computational methods, we describe a variety of properties related to the effects of adding tert-butyl spacers to a decacyclene core, including the molecular conformation, structure, and chiral separation of the molecular adlayer, strong intermolecular interactions, and a metastable pinned conformation of the molecule brought on by deformation under high-bias conditions that enable an examination of its diffusive 2D molecular gas at room temperature. Collectively, these observations provide direct insight into the effect of adding spacers to a flexible molecular core such as decacyclene as relates to both intermolecular and adsorbate-substrate interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Pawin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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36
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Brumme T, Gutierrez R, Cuniberti G. Vibrational heating in single-molecule switches: an energy-dependent density-of-states approach. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:394003. [PMID: 22964829 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/39/394003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent experiments, it has been shown that the switching rate of single-molecule switches can show a rather complicated dependence on the applied bias voltage. Here, we discuss a minimal model which describes the switching process in terms of inelastic scattering processes of the tunneling electron by specific molecular vibrations. One important point is the introduction of an energy-dependent electronic density of states around the Fermi energy. The influence of different model parameters on the switching rate is studied and we show that the inclusion of a variable density of states allows us to understand the non-monotonic behavior of the switching rate observed in some experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brumme
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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37
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Castanié F, Nony L, Gauthier S, Bouju X. Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:301-11. [PMID: 22497004 PMCID: PMC3323920 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization at the atomic scale is becoming an achievable task for FM-AFM users equipped, for example, with a qPlus sensor. Nevertheless, calculations are necessary to fully interpret experimental images in some specific cases. In this context, we developed a numerical AFM (n-AFM) able to be used in different modes and under different usage conditions. RESULTS Here, we tackled FM-AFM image calculations of three types of graphitic structures, namely a graphite surface, a graphene sheet on a silicon carbide substrate with a Si-terminated surface, and finally, a graphene nanoribbon. We compared static structures, meaning that all the tip and sample atoms are kept frozen in their equilibrium position, with dynamic systems, obtained with a molecular dynamics module allowing all the atoms to move freely during the probe oscillations. CONCLUSION We found a very good agreement with experimental graphite and graphene images. The imaging process for the deposited nanoribbon demonstrates the stability of our n-AFM to image a non-perfectly planar substrate exhibiting a geometrical step as well as a material step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Castanié
- CEMES-CNRS, Centre d’élaboration des matériaux et d’études structurales, 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, BP 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, BP 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Laurent Nony
- Aix Marseille Université, IM2NP, Centre scientifique de Saint-Jérôme, Service 151, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
- CNRS, IM2NP (UMR 7334), Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- CEMES-CNRS, Centre d’élaboration des matériaux et d’études structurales, 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, BP 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Bouju
- CEMES-CNRS, Centre d’élaboration des matériaux et d’études structurales, 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, BP 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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38
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Pavliček N, Fleury B, Neu M, Niedenführ J, Herranz-Lancho C, Ruben M, Repp J. Atomic force microscopy reveals bistable configurations of dibenzo[a,h]thianthrene and their interconversion pathway. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:086101. [PMID: 22463545 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.086101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated dibenzo[a,h]thianthrene molecules adsorbed on ultrathin layers of NaCl using a combined low-temperature scanning tunneling and atomic force microscope. Two stable configurations exist corresponding to different isomers of free nonplanar molecules. By means of excitations from inelastic electron tunneling we can switch between both configurations. Atomic force microscopy with submolecular resolution allows unambiguous determination of the molecular geometry, and the pathway of the interconversion of the isomers. Our investigations also shed new light on contrast mechanisms in scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Pavliček
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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39
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Sampaio RN, Gomes WR, Araujo DMS, Machado AEH, Silva RA, Marletta A, Borissevitch IE, Ito AS, Dinelli LR, Batista AA, Zílio SC, Gonçalves PJ, Barbosa Neto NM. Investigation of Ground- and Excited-State Photophysical Properties of 5,10,15,20-Tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin with Ruthenium Outlying Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:18-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. N. Sampaio
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - W. R. Gomes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D. M. S. Araujo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. E. H. Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, CAC/UFG, Campus Catalão, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - R. A. Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. Marletta
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I. E. Borissevitch
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. S. Ito
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. R. Dinelli
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. A. Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. C. Zílio
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. J. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - N. M. Barbosa Neto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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40
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Auwärter W, Seufert K, Bischoff F, Ecija D, Vijayaraghavan S, Joshi S, Klappenberger F, Samudrala N, Barth JV. A surface-anchored molecular four-level conductance switch based on single proton transfer. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 7:41-46. [PMID: 22157727 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of a variety of nanoscale applications requires the fabrication and control of atomic or molecular switches that can be reversibly operated by light, a short-range force, electric current or other external stimuli. For such molecules to be used as electronic components, they should be directly coupled to a metallic support and the switching unit should be easily connected to other molecular species without suppressing switching performance. Here, we show that a free-base tetraphenyl-porphyrin molecule, which is anchored to a silver surface, can function as a molecular conductance switch. The saddle-shaped molecule has two hydrogen atoms in its inner cavity that can be flipped between two states with different local conductance levels using the electron current through the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. Moreover, by deliberately removing one of the hydrogens, a four-level conductance switch can be created. The resulting device, which could be controllably integrated into the surrounding nanoscale environment, relies on the transfer of a single proton and therefore contains the smallest possible atomistic switching unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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41
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Supramolecular Engineering through Temperature-Induced Chemical Modification of 2H-Tetraphenylporphyrin on Ag(111): Flat Phenyl Conformation and Possible Dehydrogenation Reactions. Chemistry 2011; 17:14354-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Renaud N, Hliwa M, Joachim C. Single molecule logical devices. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 313:217-68. [PMID: 21826604 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
After almost 40 years of development, molecular electronics has given birth to many exciting ideas that range from molecular wires to molecular qubit-based quantum computers. This chapter reviews our efforts to answer a simple question: how smart can a single molecule be? In our case a molecule able to perform a simple Boolean function is a child prodigy. Following the Aviram and Ratner approach, these molecules are inserted between several conducting electrodes. The electronic conduction of the resulting molecular junction is extremely sensitive to the chemical nature of the molecule. Therefore designing this latter correctly allows the implementation of a given function inside the molecular junction. Throughout the chapter different approaches are reviewed, from hybrid devices to quantum molecular logic gates. We particularly stress that one can implement an entire logic circuit in a single molecule, using either classical-like intramolecular connections, or a deformation of the molecular orbitals induced by a conformational change of the molecule. These approaches are radically different from the hybrid-device approach, where several molecules are connected together to build the circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Renaud
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
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Doğan N, Dumanoğulları F, Hayvalı M, Yılmaz H, Kürüm U, Yaglioglu H, Elmali A. Nonlinear absorption behaviors of filled and unfilled d shell metal complexes of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gross L. Recent advances in submolecular resolution with scanning probe microscopy. Nat Chem 2011; 3:273-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Claridge SA, Schwartz JJ, Weiss PS. Electrons, photons, and force: quantitative single-molecule measurements from physics to biology. ACS NANO 2011; 5:693-729. [PMID: 21338175 PMCID: PMC3043607 DOI: 10.1021/nn103298x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule measurement techniques have illuminated unprecedented details of chemical behavior, including observations of the motion of a single molecule on a surface, and even the vibration of a single bond within a molecule. Such measurements are critical to our understanding of entities ranging from single atoms to the most complex protein assemblies. We provide an overview of the strikingly diverse classes of measurements that can be used to quantify single-molecule properties, including those of single macromolecules and single molecular assemblies, and discuss the quantitative insights they provide. Examples are drawn from across the single-molecule literature, ranging from ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy studies of adsorbate diffusion on surfaces to fluorescence studies of protein conformational changes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Address correspondence to
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Barth C, Foster AS, Henry CR, Shluger AL. Recent trends in surface characterization and chemistry with high-resolution scanning force methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:477-501. [PMID: 21254251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The current status and future prospects of non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) for studying insulating surfaces and thin insulating films in high resolution are discussed. The rapid development of these techniques and their use in combination with other scanning probe microscopy methods over the last few years has made them increasingly relevant for studying, controlling, and functionalizing the surfaces of many key materials. After introducing the instruments and the basic terminology associated with them, state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical studies of insulating surfaces and thin films are discussed, with specific focus on defects, atomic and molecular adsorbates, doping, and metallic nanoclusters. The latest achievements in atomic site-specific force spectroscopy and the identification of defects by crystal doping, work function, and surface charge imaging are reviewed and recent progress being made in high-resolution imaging in air and liquids is detailed. Finally, some of the key challenges for the future development of the considered fields are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Barth
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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Maximiano R, Piovesan E, Zílio S, Machado A, de Paula R, Cavaleiro J, Borissevitch I, Ito A, Gonçalves P, Barbosa Neto N. Excited-state absorption investigation of a cationic porphyrin derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martelli C, Canning J, Reimers JR, Sintic M, Stocks D, Khoury T, Crossley MJ. Evanescent-field spectroscopy using structured optical fibers: detection of charge-transfer at the porphyrin-silica interface. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:2925-33. [PMID: 19203267 DOI: 10.1021/ja8081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of porphyrin thin films derived from dichloro[5,10,15,20-tetra(heptyl)porphyrinato]tin(IV) [Cl-Sn(THP)-Cl] in the holes of photonic crystal fibers over 90 cm in length is described. Evanescent field spectroscopy (EFS) is used to investigate the interfacial properties of the films, with the high surface optical intensity and the long path length combining to produce significant absorption. By comparison with results obtained for similar films formed from Cl-Sn(THP)-Cl inside fused-silica cuvettes and on glass slides, the film is shown to be chemisorbed as a surface Si-O-Sn(THP)-X (X = Cl or OH) species. In addition to the usual porphyrin Q and Soret bands, new absorptions in the in-fiber films are observed by EFS at 445 nm and between 660-930 nm. The 660-930 nm band is interpreted as a porphyrin to silicon charge-transfer transition and postulated to arise following chemisorption at mechanical-strain induced defect sites on the silica surface. Such defect sites are caused by the optical fiber production process and are less prevalent on other glass surfaces. EFS within optical fibers therefore offers new ways for understanding interface phenomena such as surface adsorbates on glass. Such understanding will benefit all devices that exploit interface phenomena, both in optical fibers and other integrated waveguide forms. They may be directly exploited to create ultrasensitive molecular detectors and could yield novel photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Martelli
- Interdisciplinary Photonics Laboratories, The University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Gross L, Mohn F, Moll N, Liljeroth P, Meyer G. The Chemical Structure of a Molecule Resolved by Atomic Force Microscopy. Science 2009; 325:1110-4. [PMID: 19713523 DOI: 10.1126/science.1176210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 898] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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