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Liu Y, Sun C, Wu X, Chen W, Luo Z, Xu L, Zhang Q. DkDTX1/MATE1 mediates the accumulation of proanthocyanidin and affects astringency in persimmon. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39169830 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) is a kind of polyphenols widely distributed in plants, and their astringent properties can protect plants from herbivores and regulate fruit taste. There is a great difference in PA composition between astringent (A)-type and nonastringent (NA)-type persimmon. Here, we studied the potential of DkDTX1/MATE1 in regulating PAs composition through its preferred transport in persimmon fruit. The results of fluorescence microscope showed that the DkDTX1/MATE1 green fluorescence overlapped with the blue light emitted by PA. Overexpression of DkDTX1/MATE1 in persimmon leaves not only significantly increase the concentrations of PA, but also upregulated the expression of PA biosynthesis pathway genes. Further overexpression of DkDTX1/MATE1 in persimmon fruit discs and stable genetic transformation of DkDTX1/MATE1 also led to PA concentrations increased. Molecular docking and transporter assays showed that DkDTX1/MATE1 preferentially transported catechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. DkDTX1/MATE1 mainly bound to the PA precursors via serine at position 68. Our findings indicate that DkDTX1/MATE1 play a role in the accumulation of PAs in early stage of fruit development and affects the astringency of persimmon through preferential transport PA precursors, which provided a theoretical basis for the future use of metabolic engineering to regulate the composition of PAs in persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenfeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqing Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Dong X, Li W, Li C, Akan OD, Liao C, Cao J, Zhang L. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed the mechanism of catechin biosynthesis in response to lead stress in tung tree (Vernicia fordii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172796. [PMID: 38692325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) affects gene transcription, metabolite biosynthesis and growth in plants. The tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is highly adaptive to adversity, whereas the mechanisms underlying its response to Pb remain uncertain. In this work, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were employed to study tung trees under Pb stress. The results showed that the biomass of tung seedlings decreased with increasing Pb doses, and excessive Pb doses resulted in leaf wilting, root rot, and disruption of Pb homeostasis. Under non-excessive Pb stress, a significant change in the expression patterns of flavonoid biosynthesis genes was observed in the roots of tung seedlings, leading to changes in the accumulation of flavonoids in the roots, especially the upregulation of catechins, which can chelate Pb and reduce its toxicity in plants. In addition, Pb-stressed roots showed a large accumulation of VfWRKY55, VfWRKY75, and VfLRR1 transcripts, which were shown to be involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway by gene module analysis. Overexpression of VfWRKY55, VfWRKY75, and VfLRR1 significantly increased catechin concentrations in tung roots, respectively. These data indicate that Pb stress-induced changes in the expression patterns of those genes regulate the accumulation of catechins. Our findings will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of Pb response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobong Donald Akan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Faculty of Biological Science, Akwa-Ibom State University, Akwa-Ibom State, Uyo 1167, Nigeria
| | - Chancan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Tian Y, Liu X, Chen X, Wang B, Dong M, Chen L, Yang Z, Li Y, Sun H. Integrated Untargeted Metabolome, Full-Length Sequencing and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Blueberry ( Vaccinium spp.) Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4137. [PMID: 38673724 PMCID: PMC11050320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a highly economic berry fruit crop, blueberry is enjoyed by most people and has various potential health benefits, many of which are attributed to the relatively high concentrations of flavonoids. To obtain more accurate and comprehensive transcripts, the full-length transcriptome of half-highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum/angustifolium cultivar Northland) obtained using single molecule real-time and next-generation sequencing technologies was reported for the first time. Overall, 147,569 consensus transcripts (average length, 2738 bp; N50, 3176 bp) were obtained. After quality control steps, 63,425 high-quality isoforms were obtained and 5030 novel genes, 3002 long non-coding RNAs, 3946 transcription factor genes (TFs), 30,540 alternative splicing events, and 2285 fusion gene pairs were identified. To better explore the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in mature blueberry fruit, an integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome was performed on the exocarp, sarcocarp, and seed. A relatively complete biosynthesis pathway map of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and proanthocyanins in blueberry was constructed. The results of the joint analysis showed that the 228 functional genes and 42 TFs regulated 78 differentially expressed metabolites within the biosynthesis pathway of phenylpropanoids/flavonoids. O2PLS analysis results showed that the key metabolites differentially accumulated in blueberry fruit tissues were albireodelphin, delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, and delphinidin 3-O-sophoroside, and 10 structural genes (4 Vc4CLs, 3 VcBZ1s, 1 VcUGT75C1, 1 VcAT, and 1 VcUGAT), 4 transporter genes (1 VcGSTF and 3 VcMATEs), and 10 TFs (1 VcMYB, 2 VcbHLHs, 4 VcWD40s, and 3 VcNACs) exhibited strong correlations with 4 delphinidin glycosides. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation in blueberry fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Tian
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Xinlei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Xuyang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Bowei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Mei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Li Chen
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhengsong Yang
- High Mountain Economic Plant Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lijiang 674110, China;
| | - Yadong Li
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Haiyue Sun
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.T.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (B.W.); (L.C.)
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Pukhrambam PD, Devi KK, Maibam C, Mutum RD, Devi ML, Das S. Phenolics and flavonoids from Polygonum posumbu and comparision of flavonoid compounds content in different tissues (leaves, stems and roots). Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105864. [PMID: 38408515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The growing global need for antioxidative phenolics and flavonoids for maintenance of human health resulted into search of new sustainable unexplored medicinal plants used by the traditional healers for various ailments. Many synthetic based products of phenolics and flavonoids have been used, however the demand of eco-friendly, natural herbal based products are increasing. As a result, the current study aims to explore traditional potential of Polygonum posumbu related to its phenolics and flavonoids. Optimization of extraction parameters were employed which includes: solvent selection (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate), ethanol composition (40-100%), solvent to sample ratio (30-70 ml/g), temperature (50-80 °C) and time (1-5 h). Under optimal conditions, total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), the extract yield (EY) and antioxidant activities of leaves extract were 162.79 ± 2.28 mg GAE/g, 56.57 ± 6.22 mg QE/g 27.96 ± 0.91%, and 27.34 ± 0.98 μg/ml respectively. Seven flavonoids were quantified in different tissues with significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences found in flavonoids contents in different parts of the plant. Highest concentration of flavonoids was observed in stems: (-)-epicatechin-53.19 ± 1.13 mg/g, myricetin-15.90 ± 0.13 mg/g, quercetin-50.66 ± 0.08 mg/g, luteolin-43.10 ± 0.47 mg/g, apigenin-16.73 ± 0.43 mg/g. Leaves and roots had the highest amount of genistein (05.06 ± 0.01 mg/g) and kaempferol (11.13 ± 0.06 mg/g) respectively. From the study it had been found that Polygonum posumbu possess a very good amount of phenolics and flavonoids and this study details first ever investigation on this plant in terms of phenolics and flavonoids. Therefore, this study enhanced the importance of this bioresource in functional food or nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premi Devi Pukhrambam
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India; Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Khomdram Khedashwori Devi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Chingoileima Maibam
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Roseeta Devi Mutum
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Moirangthem Lakshmipriyari Devi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sudripta Das
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Nguyen MP, Lehosmaa K, Toth K, Koskimäki JJ, Häggman H, Pirttilä AM. Weather in two climatic regions shapes the diversity and drives the structure of fungal endophytic community of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38254194 PMCID: PMC10802051 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the most important economic and natural resources in Northern Europe. Despite its importance, the endophytic fungal community of the fruits has rarely been investigated. Biogeographic patterns and determinants of the fungal diversity in the bilberry fruit are poorly understood, albeit fungal endophytes can have a close relationship with the host plants. Here, we investigated the effect of climatic regions, and their weather conditions within growth season and soil properties on fungal endophytic communities of bilberry fruits collected from northern and southern regions of Finland using high-throughput sequencing technology targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA region for fungi. RESULTS Species richness and beta diversity (variation in community structure) were higher in the southern compared to the studied northern region. The weather condition of the growth season drove both fungal richness and community structure. Furthermore, abundance of the genera Venturia, Cladosporium, and Podosphaera was influenced by the weather, being different between the south and north regions. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that diversity and assembly structure of the fungal endophytes in bilberry fruits follow similar patterns as for foliar fungal endophytes, being shaped by various environmental factors, such as the climate and surrounding vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Phuong Nguyen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehosmaa
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Katalin Toth
- Inari Agriculture Nv, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7a, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janne J Koskimäki
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hely Häggman
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Maria Pirttilä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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Parrish SB, Paudel D, Deng Z. Transcriptome analysis of Lantana camara flower petals reveals candidate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes mediating red flower color development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad259. [PMID: 37974306 PMCID: PMC10755171 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower color plays a crucial role in the appeal and selection of ornamental plants, directly influencing breeding strategies and the broader horticulture industry. Lantana camara, a widely favored flowering shrub, presents a rich palette of flower colors. Yet, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this color variation in the species have remained largely unidentified. With the aim of filling this gap, this study embarked on a comprehensive de novo transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis across 3 distinct lantana accessions, each showcasing a unique flower color. By harnessing the capabilities of both PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms, a robust transcriptome assembly, encompassing 123,492 gene clusters and boasting 94.2% BUSCO completeness, was developed. The differential expression analysis unveiled 72,862 unique gene clusters that exhibited varied expression across different flower stages. A pronounced upregulation of 8 candidate core anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the red-flowered accession was uncovered. This was further complemented by an upregulation of candidate MYB75 (PAP1) and bHLH42 (TT8) transcription factors. A candidate carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD4a) gene cluster also manifested a marked upregulation in white flowers. The study unveils the molecular groundwork of lantana's flower color variation, offering insights for future research and potential applications in breeding ornamental plants with desired color traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Brooks Parrish
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Dev Paudel
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
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8
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Lippolis A, Roland WSU, Bocova O, Pouvreau L, Trindade LM. The challenge of breeding for reduced off-flavor in faba bean ingredients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1286803. [PMID: 37965015 PMCID: PMC10642941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1286803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in plant protein sources, such as pulses, is driven by the necessity for sustainable food production and climate change mitigation strategies. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a promising protein crop for temperate climates, owing to its remarkable yield potential (up to 8 tonnes ha-1 in favourable growing conditions) and high protein content (~29% dry matter basis). Nevertheless, the adoption of faba bean protein in plant-based products that aim to resemble animal-derived counterparts is hindered by its distinctive taste and aroma, regarded as "off-flavors". In this review, we propose to introduce off-flavor as a trait in breeding programs by identifying molecules involved in sensory perception and defining key breeding targets. We discuss the role of lipid oxidation in producing volatile and non-volatile compounds responsible for the beany aroma and bitter taste, respectively. We further investigate the contribution of saponin, tannin, and other polyphenols to bitterness and astringency. To develop faba bean varieties with diminished off-flavors, we suggest targeting genes to reduce lipid oxidation, such as lipoxygenases (lox) and fatty acid desaturases (fad), and genes involved in phenylpropanoid and saponin biosynthesis, such as zero-tannin (zt), chalcone isomerase (chi), chalcone synthase (chs), β-amyrin (bas1). Additionally, we address potential challenges, including the need for high-throughput phenotyping and possible limitations that could arise during the genetic improvement process. The breeding approach can facilitate the use of faba bean protein in plant-based food such as meat and dairy analogues more extensively, fostering a transition toward more sustainable and climate-resilient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lippolis
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wibke S. U. Roland
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ornela Bocova
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurice Pouvreau
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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9
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Jacobs M, Thompson S, Platts AE, Body MJA, Kelsey A, Saad A, Abeli P, Teresi SJ, Schilmiller A, Beaudry R, Feldmann MJ, Knapp SJ, Song GQ, Miles T, Edger PP. Uncovering genetic and metabolite markers associated with resistance against anthracnose fruit rot in northern highbush blueberry. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad169. [PMID: 38025975 PMCID: PMC10660357 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose fruit rot (AFR), caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae, is among the most destructive and widespread fruit disease of blueberry, impacting both yield and overall fruit quality. Blueberry cultivars have highly variable resistance against AFR. To date, this pathogen is largely controlled by applying various fungicides; thus, a more cost-effective and environmentally conscious solution for AFR is needed. Here we report three quantitative trait loci associated with AFR resistance in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Candidate genes within these genomic regions are associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids (e.g. anthocyanins) and resistance against pathogens. Furthermore, we examined gene expression changes in fruits following inoculation with Colletotrichum in a resistant cultivar, which revealed an enrichment of significantly differentially expressed genes associated with certain specialized metabolic pathways (e.g. flavonol biosynthesis) and pathogen resistance. Using non-targeted metabolite profiling, we identified a flavonol glycoside with properties consistent with a quercetin rhamnoside as a compound exhibiting significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals from the genetic mapping population. Further analysis revealed that this compound exhibits significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals when analyzed as two groups. However, individuals within each group displayed considerable overlapping variation in this compound, suggesting that its abundance may only be partially associated with resistance against C. fioriniae. These findings should serve as a powerful resource that will enable breeding programs to more easily develop new cultivars with superior resistance to AFR and as the basis of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie Jacobs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Plant Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Samantha Thompson
- Molecular Plant Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Adrian E Platts
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Melanie J A Body
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexys Kelsey
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Amanda Saad
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Patrick Abeli
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Scott J Teresi
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anthony Schilmiller
- Mass Spectrometry & Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Randolph Beaudry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mitchell J Feldmann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven J Knapp
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guo-qing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy Miles
- Molecular Plant Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Plant Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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10
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Zhang Z, Qu P, Hao S, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Wen P, Cheng C. Characterization and Functional Analysis of Chalcone Synthase Genes in Highbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13882. [PMID: 37762185 PMCID: PMC10530253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first key enzyme-catalyzing plant flavonoid biosynthesis. Until now, however, the blueberry CHS gene family has not been systematically characterized and studied. In this study, we identified 22 CHS genes that could be further classified into four subfamilies from the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) genome. This classification was well supported by the high nucleotide and protein sequence similarities and similar gene structure and conserved motifs among VcCHS members from the same subfamily. Gene duplication analysis revealed that the expansion of the blueberry CHS gene family was mainly caused by segmental duplications. Promoter analysis revealed that the promoter regions of VcCHSs contained numerous cis-acting elements responsive to light, phytohormone and stress, along with binding sites for 36 different types of transcription factors. Gene expression analysis revealed that Subfamily I VcCHSs highly expressed in fruits at late ripening stages. Through transient overexpression, we found that three VcCHSs (VcCHS13 from subfamily II; VcCHS8 and VcCHS21 from subfamily I) could significantly enhance the anthocyanin accumulation and up-regulate the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic structural genes in blueberry leaves and apple fruits. Notably, the promoting effect of the Subfamily I member VcCHS21 was the best. The promoter of VcCHS21 contains a G-box (CACGTG) and an E-box sequence, as well as a bHLH binding site. A yeast one hybridization (Y1H) assay revealed that three anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory bHLHs (VcAN1, VcbHLH1-1 and VcbHLH1-2) could specifically bind to the G-box sequence (CACGTG) in the VcCHS21 promoter, indicating that the expression of VcCHS21 was regulated by bHLHs. Our study will be helpful for understanding the characteristics and functions of blueberry CHSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Wen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Chunzhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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11
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Wang F, Chen J, Tang R, Wang R, Ahmad S, Liu Z, Peng D. Research Progress on Anthocyanin-Mediated Regulation of 'Black' Phenotypes of Plant Organs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7242-7256. [PMID: 37754242 PMCID: PMC10527681 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The color pattern is one of the most important characteristics of plants. Black stands out among the vibrant colors due to its rare and distinctive nature. While some plant organs appear black, they are, in fact, dark purple. Anthocyanins are the key compounds responsible for the diverse hues in plant organs. Cyanidin plays an important role in the deposition of black pigments in various plant organs, such as flower, leaf, and fruit. A number of structural genes and transcription factors are involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins in black organs. It has been shown that the high expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors, such as PeMYB7, PeMYB11, and CsMYB90, regulates black pigmentation in plants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the anthocyanin pathways that are involved in the regulation of black pigments in plant organs, including flower, leaf, and fruit. It is a great starting point for further investigation into the molecular regulation mechanism of plant color and the development of novel cultivars with black plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.W.); (J.C.); (R.T.); (R.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.W.); (J.C.); (R.T.); (R.W.); (S.A.)
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12
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Abramova A, Vereshchagin M, Kulkov L, Kreslavski VD, Kuznetsov VV, Pashkovskiy P. Potential Role of Phytochromes A and B and Cryptochrome 1 in the Adaptation of Solanum lycopersicum to UV-B Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13142. [PMID: 37685948 PMCID: PMC10488226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UV-B causes both damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (PA) and the activation of specific mechanisms that protect the PA from excess energy and trigger a cascade of regulatory interactions with different photoreceptors, including phytochromes (PHYs) and cryptochromes (CRYs). However, the role of photoreceptors in plants' responses to UV-B radiation remains undiscovered. This study explores some of these responses using tomato photoreceptor mutants (phya, phyb1, phyab2, cry1). The effects of UV-B exposure (12.3 µmol (photons) m-2 s-1) on photosynthetic rates and PSII photochemical activity, the contents of photosynthetic and UV-absorbing pigments and anthocyanins, and the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were studied. The expression of key light-signaling genes, including UV-B signaling and genes associated with the biosynthesis of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, was also determined. Under UV-B, phyab2 and cry1 mutants demonstrated a reduction in the PSII effective quantum yield and photosynthetic rate, as well as a reduced value of TEAC. At the same time, UV-B irradiation led to a noticeable decrease in the expression of the ultraviolet-B receptor (UVR8), repressor of UV-B photomorphogenesis 2 (RUP2), cullin 4 (CUL4), anthocyanidin synthase (ANT), phenylalanine ammonia-lease (PAL), and phytochrome B2 (PHYB2) genes in phyab2 and RUP2, CUL4, ANT, PAL, and elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) genes in the cry1 mutant. The results indicate the mutual regulation of UVR8, PHYB2, and CRY1 photoreceptors, but not PHYB1 and PHYA, in the process of forming a response to UV-B irradiation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abramova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Leonid Kulkov
- Department of Technologies for the Production of Vegetable, Medicinal and Essential Oils, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127550, Russia;
| | - Vladimir D. Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
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13
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Zhu N, Zhou C. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet (Ericaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2656. [PMID: 37514270 PMCID: PMC10384940 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet is a traditional ornamental plant cultivated in China and presents a great variation in petal coloration. However, few studies have been performed to reveal the genes involved and the regulatory mechanism of flower color formation in this plant. In this study, to explore the underlying genetic basis of flower color formation, transcriptome analysis was performed by high-throughput sequencing techniques on four petal samples of different colors: purple, pink, light pink, and white. Results show that a total of 35.55 to 40.56 million high-quality clean reads were obtained, of which 28.56 to 32.65 million reads were mapped to the reference genome. For their annotation, 28,273, 18,054, 24,301, 19,099, and 11,507 genes were allocated to Nr, Swiss-Prot, Pfam, GO, and KEGG databases, correspondingly. There were differentially expressed genes among the four different petal samples, including signal-transduction-related genes, anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, and transcription factors. We found that the higher expressed levels of genes associated with flavonol synthase (FLS) might be the key to white formation, and the formation of red color may be related to the higher expression of flavanone 4-reductase (DFR) families. Overall, our study provides some valuable information for exploring and understanding the flower color intensity variation in R. pulchrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 30 Wenhui East Rd., Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 30 Wenhui East Rd., Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 30 Wenhui East Rd., Yangzhou 225009, China
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14
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Danpreedanan N, Yamuangmorn S, Jamjod S, Prom-U-Thai C, Pusadee T. Genotypic Variation of Purple Rice in Response to Shading in Yield, Anthocyanin Content, and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2582. [PMID: 37447142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains anthocyanin, which acts as an antioxidant and functional food for humans. The levels of anthocyanin growth and production in rice are mainly controlled by the availability of light. However, shade can affect anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the yield and anthocyanin content among four purple rice varieties, which provide the difference in colors of purple and green leaves. This study also evaluated gene expression affected by shading treatment to understand the relation of grain anthocyanin and expression level. This research was conducted using a split plot design using four levels of shading (levels of shading from anthesis to maturity) with three replications, no shading, 30% shading, 50% shading, and 70% shading, as the main plots and purple rice varieties as subplots, KJ CMU-107, K2, K4, and KDK10, from anthesis to maturity. Shading significantly decreased yield and yield components, but increased grain anthocyanin content. Nonetheless, the response of yield and grain anthocyanin content to shading did not show a significant different between purple and green leaf varieties. In addition, the level of OsDFR gene expression was different depending on the shading level in four rice varieties. The OsDFR gene presented the highest expression at shading levels of 30% for K4 and 50% for KDK10, while the expression of the OsDFR gene was not detected in the purple rice varieties with green leaves (KJ CMU-107 and K2). The response of grain anthocyanin and gene expression of OsDFR to light treatment did not show significantly differences between the purple and green leaf varieties, suggesting that the appearance of anthocyanin in leaves might be not related to anthocyanin synthesis in the grain. Taken together, the results suggest that some purple rice varieties were more suitable for planting under low light intensity based on a lower level of grain yield loss, strong shade tolerance, and high anthocyanin content in leaf and grain pericarp. However, it is necessary to explore the effects of light intensity on genes and intermediates in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantapat Danpreedanan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-U-Thai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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15
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Amundsen M, Hykkerud AL, Kelanne N, Tuominen S, Schmidt G, Laaksonen O, Yang B, Martinussen I, Jaakola L, Aaby K. Composition of Sugars, Organic Acids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Organic Compounds in Lingonberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) at Five Ripening Stages. Foods 2023; 12:2154. [PMID: 37297398 PMCID: PMC10253110 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild lingonberries are a traditional source of food in the Nordic countries and an important contributor to economic activity of non-wood forest products in the region. Lingonberries are a rich source of bioactive compounds and can be a valuable contributor to a healthy diet. However, there are few studies available on how the bioactive compounds in lingonberries develop as they ripen. In this investigation, we examined the content of 27 phenolic compounds, three sugars, four organic acids, and 71 volatile organic compounds at five ripening stages. The study showed that, while the highest content of phenolic compounds was found early in the development, the organoleptic quality of the fruits improved as they ripened. From the first to the last stage of development, anthocyanins went from being nearly absent to 100 mg/100 g fw, and there was an increased content of sugars from 2.7 to 7.2 g/100 g fw, whereas the content of organic acids decreased from 4.9 to 2.7 g/100 g fw, and there were several changes in the profile of volatiles. The contents of flavonols, cinnamic acid derivatives, flavan-3-ols, and the total concentration of phenolic compounds were significantly lower in the fully ripe berries compared to berries in the early green stage. In addition to the changes occurring due to ripening, there was observed variation in the profile of both phenolic compounds and volatiles, depending on the growth location of the berries. The present data are useful for the assessment of harvest time to obtain the desired quality of lingonberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Amundsen
- Nofima AS, Osloveien 1, 1340 Ås, Norway; (G.S.); (K.A.)
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Anne Linn Hykkerud
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway; (A.L.H.); (I.M.)
| | - Niina Kelanne
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (N.K.); (S.T.); (O.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Sanni Tuominen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (N.K.); (S.T.); (O.L.); (B.Y.)
| | | | - Oskar Laaksonen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (N.K.); (S.T.); (O.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (N.K.); (S.T.); (O.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Inger Martinussen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway; (A.L.H.); (I.M.)
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway; (A.L.H.); (I.M.)
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- Nofima AS, Osloveien 1, 1340 Ås, Norway; (G.S.); (K.A.)
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16
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Khattab OM, El-Kersh DM, Khalifa SAM, Yosri N, El-Seedi HR, Farag MA. Comparative MS- and NMR-Based Metabolome Mapping of Egyptian Red and White Squill Bulbs F. Liliaceae and in Relation to Their Cytotoxic Effect. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112078. [PMID: 37299060 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urginea maritima L. (squill) species is widely spread at the Mediterranean region as two main varieties, i.e., white squill (WS) and red squill (RS), that are recognized for several health potentials. The major secondary metabolite classes of the squill are cardiac glycosides, mainly, bufadienolides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Herein, a multiplex MS and NMR metabolomics approach targeting secondary and aroma compounds in WS and RS was employed for varieties classification. Solid-phase micro extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (SPME-GC/MS), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provided fingerprinting and structural confirmation of the major metabolites for both types of the squill. For comparison of the different platforms' classification potential, multivariate data analysis was employed. While Bufadienolides, viz. "hydroxy-scilliglaucosidin-O-rhamnoside, desacetylscillirosidin-O-rhamnoside and bufotalidin-O-hexoside" as well as oxylipids, were enriched in WS, flavonoids, i.e., dihydro-kaempferol-O-hexoside and its aglycon, taxifolin derivative, were predominant in RS. A cytotoxicity screening against three cancer cell lines, including breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung (A-549), and ovarian (SKOV-3) cell lines was conducted. Results revealed that WS was more effective on A-549 and SKOV-3 cell lines (WS IC50 0.11 and 0.4 µg/mL, respectively) owing to its abundance of bufadienolides, while RS recorded IC50 (MCF7 cell line) 0.17 µg/mL since is is rich inflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Capio Saint Göran's Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Chemistry Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (RIMAP), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Li N, Liu Y, Yin Y, Gao S, Wu F, Yu C, Wang F, Kang B, Xu K, Jiao C, Yao M. Identification of CaPs locus involving in purple stripe formation on unripe fruit, reveals allelic variation and alternative splicing of R2R3-MYB transcription factor in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1140851. [PMID: 37056500 PMCID: PMC10089288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1140851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The purple color of unripe pepper fruit is attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Only a few genes controlling the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins have been cloned in Capsicum. In this study, we performed a bulked segregant analysis of the purple striped trait using an F2 population derived from a cross between the immature purple striped fruit line Chen12-4-1-1-1-1 and the normal green fruit line Zhongxian101-M-F9. We mapped the CaPs locus to an 841.39 kb region between markers M-CA690-Xba and MCA710-03 on chromosome 10. CA10g11690 encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins as the best candidate gene. Overexpression and silencing in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines indicated that CA10g11690 is involved in the formation of purple stripes in the exocarp. A comparison of parental sequences identified an insertion fragment of 1,926 bp in the second intron region of Chen12-4, and eight SNPs were detected between the two parents. Additionally, there were 49 single nucleotide polymorphic variations, two sequence deletions, and four sequence insertions in the promoter region. We found that CA10g11690 undergoes alternative splicing and generates different transcripts. Thus, the functional transcript of CA10g11690 appeared to be primarily involved in the development of purple phenotype in the exocarp. Our data provide new insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and a theoretical basis for the future breeding of purple striped pepper varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuying Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Byoung−Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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18
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Kapoor P, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Kaur S, Kumari A, Sonah H, Goyal A, Krishania M, Garg M. Genome–Transcriptome Transition Approaches to Characterize Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Pathway Genes in Blue, Black and Purple Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040809. [PMID: 37107567 PMCID: PMC10137985 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colored wheat has gained enormous attention from the scientific community, but the information available on the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes is very minimal. The study involved their genome-wide identification, in silico characterization and differential expression analysis among purple, blue, black and white wheat lines. The recently released wheat genome mining putatively identified eight structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway with a total of 1194 isoforms. Genes showed distinct exon architecture, domain profile, regulatory elements, chromosome emplacement, tissue localization, phylogeny and synteny, indicative of their unique function. RNA sequencing of developing seeds from colored (black, blue and purple) and white wheats identified differential expressions in 97 isoforms. The F3H on group two chromosomes and F3′5′H on 1D chromosomes could be significant influencers in purple and blue color development, respectively. Apart from a role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, these putative structural genes also played an important role in light, drought, low temperature and other defense responses. The information can assist in targeted anthocyanin production in the wheat seed endosperm.
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19
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Olędzka AJ, Czerwińska ME. Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in the Molecular Pathways Related to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054666. [PMID: 36902097 PMCID: PMC10003729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the primary response to infection and injury. Its beneficial effect is an immediate resolution of the pathophysiological event. However, sustained production of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines may cause alterations in DNA integrity and lead to malignant cell transformation and cancer. More attention has recently been paid to pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory necrosis that activates inflammasomes and the secretion of cytokines. Taking into consideration that phenolic compounds are widely available in diet and medicinal plants, their role in the prevention and support of the treatment of chronic diseases is apparent. Recently, much attention has been paid to explaining the significance of isolated compounds in the molecular pathways related to inflammation. Therefore, this review aimed to screen reports concerning the molecular mode of action assigned to phenolic compounds. The most representative compounds from the classes of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and phenolic glycosides were selected for this review. Our attention was focused mainly on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Literature searching was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases. In conclusion, based on the available literature, phenolic compounds regulate NF-κB, Nrf2, and MAPK signaling, which supports their potential role in chronic inflammatory disorders, including osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata J. Olędzka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-61-85
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LhANS-rr1, LhDFR, and LhMYB114 Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Flower Buds of Lilium ‘Siberia’. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030559. [PMID: 36980831 PMCID: PMC10048704 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulb formation of Lilium is affected by many physiological and biochemical phenomena, including flower bud differentiation, starch and sucrose accumulation, photoperiod, carbon fixation, plant hormone transduction, etc. The transcriptome analysis of flower buds of Lilium hybrid ‘Siberia’ at different maturity stages showed that floral bud formation is associated with the accumulation of anthocyanins. The results of HPLC-MS showed that cyanidin is the major anthocyanin found in Lilium ‘Siberia’. Transcriptome KEGG enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation showed that two genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis (LhANS-rr1 and LhDFR) were significantly up-regulated. The functional analysis of differential genes revealed that LhMYB114 was directly related to anthocyanin accumulation among 19 MYB transcription factors. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR results suggested that their expression patterns were very similar at different developmental stages of the lily bulbs. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) revealed that down-regulation of LhANS-rr1, LhDFR, and LhMYB114 could directly lead to a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation, turning the purple phenotype into a white color. Moreover, this is the first report to reveal that LhMYB114 can regulate anthocyanin accumulation at the mature stage of lily bulbs. The accumulation of anthocyanins is an important sign of lily maturity. Therefore, these findings have laid a solid theoretical foundation for further discussion on lily bulb development in the future.
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Nguyen HM, Putterill J, Dare AP, Plunkett BJ, Cooney J, Peng Y, Souleyre EJF, Albert NW, Espley RV, Günther CS. Two genes, ANS and UFGT2, from Vaccinium spp. are key steps for modulating anthocyanin production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1082246. [PMID: 36818839 PMCID: PMC9933871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a major group of red to blue spectrum plant pigments with many consumer health benefits. Anthocyanins are derived from the flavonoid pathway and diversified by glycosylation and methylation, involving the concerted action of specific enzymes. Blueberry and bilberry (Vaccinium spp.) are regarded as 'superfruits' owing to their high content of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. While ripening-related anthocyanin production in bilberry (V. myrtillus) and blueberry (V. corymbosum) is regulated by the transcriptional activator MYBA1, the role of specific structural genes in determining the concentration and composition of anthocyanins has not been functionally elucidated. We isolated three candidate genes, CHALCONE SYNTHASE (VmCHS1), ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (VmANS) and UDP-GLUCOSE : FLAVONOID-3-O-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (VcUFGT2), from Vaccinium, which were predominantly expressed in pigmented fruit skin tissue and showed high homology between bilberry and blueberry. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that overexpression of VcMYBA1 in combination with VmANS significantly increased anthocyanin concentration (3-fold). Overexpression of VmCHS1 showed no effect above that induced by VcMYBA1, while VcUFGT2 modulated anthocyanin composition to produce delphinidin-3-galactosylrhamnoside, not naturally produced in tobacco. In strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), combined transient overexpression of VcUFGT2 with a FLAVONOID 3´,5´-HYDROXYLASE from kiwifruit (Actinidia melanandra) modulated the anthocyanin profile to include galactosides and arabinosides of delphinidin and cyanidin, major anthocyanins in blueberry and bilberry. These findings provide insight into the role of the final steps of biosynthesis in modulating anthocyanin production in Vaccinium and may contribute to the targeted breeding of new cultivars with improved nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han M. Nguyen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J. Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
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22
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Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Ivancic A, Gacnik S, Veberic R, Hudina M, Marinovic S, Molitor C, Halbwirth H. Biochemical Characterization of Black and Green Mutant Elderberry during Fruit Ripening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:504. [PMID: 36771589 PMCID: PMC9918921 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The content of sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and selected enzyme activities in the anthocyanin pathway were analyzed in NIGRA (Sambucus nigra var. nigra-black fruits) and VIRIDIS (S. nigra var. viridis-green fruits) fruits over four stages of ripening. The share of glucose and fructose in green fruits was higher than in colored fruits, and the sugar content increased significantly until the third developmental stage. Ripe NIGRA berries had 47% flavonol glycosides, 34% anthocyanins, 3% hydroxycinnamic acids and 14% flavanols, whereas the major phenolic group in the VIRIDIS fruits, making up 88% of the total analyzed polyphenols, was flavonols. NIGRA fruits were rich in anthocyanins (6020 µg g-1 FW), showing strong activation of the late anthocyanin pathway (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase). In both color types, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase/chalcone isomerase activities were highest in the first stage and decreased during ripening. In VIRIDIS fruit, no anthocyanins and only one flavanol (procyanidin dimer) were found. This was most likely caused by a lack of induction of the late anthocyanin pathway in the last period of fruit ripening. The VIRIDIS genotype may be useful in studying the regulatory structures of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the contribution of distinct flavonoid classes to the health benefits of elderberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anton Ivancic
- 2 Chair for Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoce, Slovenia
| | - Sasa Gacnik
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Hudina
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Silvija Marinovic
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Molitor
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Ersen Dudu T. Novel dimethylacrylamide/gelatin/rosehip based smart hydrogels as a color sensor in food packaging materials. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ersen Dudu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Science Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van Turkey
- Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Van Yuzuncu Yil University Van Turkey
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24
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Cocetta G, Cavenago B, Bulgari R, Spinardi A. Benzothiadiazole enhances ascorbate recycling and polyphenols accumulation in blueberry in a cultivar-dependent manner. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032133. [PMID: 36570922 PMCID: PMC9780449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a functional analogue of salicylic acid able to induce systemic acquired resistance in many horticultural crops. The aim of the work was to investigate how BTH may affect i) fruit quality, ii) ascorbic acid (AsA) oxidation and recycling metabolism and iii) phenolic compounds accumulation, during development and ripening of berries from the two selected cultivars. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants (cv 'Brigitta' and 'Duke') were treated with 0.118 mM BTH every two weeks during ripening, then all fruits of each plant were harvested and divided in four developmental stages. Results indicated that BTH had no marked effects on fruit quality parameters. During the first developmental stage, BTH negatively affected dry matter in both cv, while soluble solids and AsA content were affected in 'Duke'. In fully ripe berries, BTH reduced dry matter in 'Duke' and enhanced soluble solids content in 'Brigitta', while diminishing titratable acidity. AsA content was positively affected by BTH in 'Duke', but not in 'Brigitta'. The effect of BTH on the enzymes involved in AsA recycling was recorded in berries at the third (fruit more than half pigmented) and fourth developmental stages. After treatment, in both cv ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased in fully ripe berries, while monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was stimulated at the third ripening stage. Conversely, the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were enhanced only in 'Brigitta' and in 'Duke', respectively. BTH stimulated total polyphenols, flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation in 'Brigitta' and in 'Duke' at the third and fourth ripening stages. In fully ripe berries, BTH enhanced the accumulation of delphinidins, cyanidins, petunidins and peonidins in 'Brigitta', while in 'Duke' it increased all classes of anthocyanidins, including malvidin. On the contrary, the relative proportion of the individual anthocyanins was only slightly affected by BTH treatment, mainly regarding delphinidin and malvidin at the third and fourth stage of ripening of 'Duke' and 'Brigitta', respectively. These results show that preharvest BTH application can positively impact on fruit bioactive compounds levels, affecting AsA recycling and content and increasing polyphenols accumulation in fruit, but partly depending on cv and ripening stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavenago
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Vegetable Crops and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VEGMAP, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Spinardi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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25
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Cheng C, Guo Z, Li H, Mu X, Wang P, Zhang S, Yang T, Cai H, Wang Q, Lü P, Zhang J. Integrated metabolic, transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses provide novel insights into the competition for anthocyanins and flavonols biosynthesis during fruit ripening in red apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975356. [PMID: 36212335 PMCID: PMC9540549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is accompanied by a wide range of metabolites and global changes in gene expression that are regulated by various factors. In this study, we investigated the molecular differences in red apple 'Hongmantang' fruits at three ripening stages (PS1, PS5 and PS9) through a comprehensive analysis of metabolome, transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. Totally, we identified 341 and 195 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in comparison I (PS5_vs_PS1) and comparison II (PS9_vs_PS5), including 57 and 23 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs), respectively. Intriguingly, among these DAFs, anthocyanins and flavonols showed opposite patterns of variation, suggesting a possible competition between their biosynthesis. To unveil the underlying mechanisms, RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq analyses were performed. A total of 852 DEGs significantly enriched in anthocyanin metabolism and 128 differential accessible regions (DARs) significantly enriched by MYB-related motifs were identified as up-regulated in Comparison I but down-regulated in Comparison II. Meanwhile, the 843 DEGs significantly enriched in phenylalanine metabolism and the 364 DARs significantly enriched by bZIP-related motifs showed opposite trends. In addition, four bZIPs and 14 MYBs were identified as possible hub genes regulating the biosynthesis of flavonols and anthocyanins. Our study will contribute to the understanding of anthocyanins and flavonols biosynthesis competition in red apple fruits during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Mu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Tingzhen Yang
- Fruit Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huacheng Cai
- Fruit Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Fruit Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Peitao Lü
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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26
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Mengist MF, Grace MH, Mackey T, Munoz B, Pucker B, Bassil N, Luby C, Ferruzzi M, Lila MA, Iorizzo M. Dissecting the genetic basis of bioactive metabolites and fruit quality traits in blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964656. [PMID: 36119607 PMCID: PMC9478557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry is well-recognized as a healthy fruit with functionality derived largely from anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid. Despite their importance, no study to date has evaluated the genetic basis of these bioactives in blueberries and their relationship with fruit quality traits. Hence, to fill this gap, a mapping population including 196 F1 individuals was phenotyped for anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid concentration and fruit quality traits (titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids) over 3 years and data were used for QTL mapping and correlation analysis. Total soluble solids and chlorogenic acid were positively correlated with glycosylated anthocyanin and total anthocyanin, respectively, indicating that parallel selection for these traits is possible. Across all the traits, a total of 188 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 11 and 12. Notably, four major regions with overlapping major-effect QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 8, and were responsible for acylation and glycosylation of anthocyanins in a substrate and sugar donor specific manner. Through comparative transcriptome analysis, multiple candidate genes were identified for these QTLs, including glucosyltransferases and acyltransferases. Overall, the study provides the first insights into the genetic basis controlling anthocyanins accumulation and composition, chlorogenic acid and fruit quality traits, and establishes a framework to advance genetic studies and molecular breeding for anthocyanins in blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla Fentie Mengist
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Mary H. Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ted Mackey
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Bryan Munoz
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Boas Pucker
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- BRICS, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nahla Bassil
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claire Luby
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mario Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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27
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Cui F, Ye X, Li X, Yang Y, Hu Z, Overmyer K, Brosché M, Yu H, Salojärvi J. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the diploid blueberry Vaccinium darrowii provides insights into its subtropical adaptation and cuticle synthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100307. [PMID: 35605198 PMCID: PMC9284290 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinium darrowii is a subtropical wild blueberry species that has been used to breed economically important southern highbush cultivars. The adaptive traits of V. darrowii to subtropical climates can provide valuable information for breeding blueberry and perhaps other plants, especially against the background of global warming. Here, we assembled the V. darrowii genome into 12 pseudochromosomes using Oxford Nanopore long reads complemented with Hi-C scaffolding technologies, and we predicted 41 815 genes using RNA-sequencing evidence. Syntenic analysis across three Vaccinium species revealed a highly conserved genome structure, with the highest collinearity between V. darrowii and Vaccinium corymbosum. This conserved genome structure may explain the high fertility observed during crossbreeding of V. darrowii with other blueberry cultivars. Analysis of gene expansion and tandem duplication indicated possible roles for defense- and flowering-associated genes in the adaptation of V. darrowii to the subtropics. Putative SOC1 genes in V. darrowii were identified based on phylogeny and expression analysis. Blueberries are covered in a thick cuticle layer and contain anthocyanins, which confer their powdery blue color. Using RNA sequencing, we delineated the cuticle biosynthesis pathways of Vaccinium species in V. darrowii. This result can serve as a reference for breeding berries whose colors are appealing to customers. The V. darrowii reference genome, together with the unique traits of this species, including its diploid genome, short vegetative phase, and high compatibility in hybridization with other blueberries, make V. darrowii a potential research model for blueberry species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Cui
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kirk Overmyer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and the Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and the Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and the Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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28
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Lafferty DJ, Espley RV, Deng CH, Dare AP, Günther CS, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Boase MR, Wang L, Luo H, Allan AC, Albert NW. The Coordinated Action of MYB Activators and Repressors Controls Proanthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Vaccinium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910155. [PMID: 35812927 PMCID: PMC9263919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinium berries are regarded as "superfoods" owing to their high concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoid metabolites that provide pigmentation and positively affect human health. Anthocyanin localization differs between the fruit of cultivated highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) and wild bilberry (V. myrtillus), with the latter having deep red flesh coloration. Analysis of comparative transcriptomics across a developmental series of blueberry and bilberry fruit skin and flesh identified candidate anthocyanin regulators responsible for this distinction. This included multiple activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that correlated strongly with anthocyanin production and had minimal expression in blueberry (non-pigmented) flesh. R2R3 MYB TFs appeared key to the presence and absence of anthocyanin-based pigmentation; MYBA1 and MYBPA1.1 co-activated the pathway while MYBC2.1 repressed it. Transient overexpression of MYBA1 in Nicotiana benthamiana strongly induced anthocyanins, but this was substantially reduced when co-infiltrated with MYBC2.1. Co-infiltration of MYBC2.1 with MYBA1 also reduced activation of DFR and UFGT, key anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, in promoter activation studies. We demonstrated that these TFs operate within a regulatory hierarchy where MYBA1 activated the promoters of MYBC2.1 and bHLH2. Stable overexpression of VcMYBA1 in blueberry elevated anthocyanin content in transgenic plants, indicating that MYBA1 is sufficient to upregulate the TF module and activate the pathway. Our findings identify TF activators and repressors that are hierarchically regulated by SG6 MYBA1, and fine-tune anthocyanin production in Vaccinium. The lack of this TF module in blueberry flesh results in an absence of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J. Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H. Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Murray R. Boase
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lei Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Henry Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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29
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Zhang R, Li M, Tang C, Jiang B, Yao Z, Mo X, Wang Z. Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Mechanism of Coloration in Purple and Cream Mutant of Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877695. [PMID: 35599902 PMCID: PMC9116297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Purple sweet potato is considered as a healthy food because of its high anthocyanins. To understand the coloring mechanism and quality change between purple-fleshed sweet potato (cv. Xuzi201) and its cream fleshed mutant (M1001), a combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed. The metabolome data showed that 4 anthocyanins, 19 flavones, 6 flavanones, and 4 flavonols dramatically decreased in M1001, while the contents of 3 isoflavones, 3 flavonols, 4 catechins, and 2 proanthocyanins increased. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that the expression of 49 structural genes in the flavonoid pathway and transcription factors (TFs) (e.g., bHLH2, R2R3-MYB, MYB1) inducting anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, but the repressor MYB44 was upregulated. The IbMYB1-2 gene was detected as a mutation gene in M1001, which is responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in the storage roots. Thus, the deficiency of purple color in the mutant is due to the lack of anthocyanin accumulation which was regulated by IbMYB1. Moreover, the accumulation of starch and aromatic volatiles was significantly different between Xuzi201 and M1001. These results not only revealed the mechanism of color mutation but also uncovered certain health-promoting compounds in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaochen Tang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingzhi Jiang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhufang Yao
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Mo
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Pico J, Yan Y, Gerbrandt EM, Castellarin SD. Determination of free and bound phenolics in northern highbush blueberries by a validated HPLC/QTOF methodology. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Xia H, Zhang X, Shen Y, Guo Y, Wang T, Wang J, Lin L, Deng H, Deng Q, Xu K, Lv X, Liang D. Comparative analysis of flavonoids in white and red table grape cultivars during ripening by widely targeted metabolome and transcript levels. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1650-1661. [PMID: 35315060 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid metabolites were compared between red 'Summer Black' (SB) and white 'Shine Muscat' (SM) table grapes during fruit development based on widely targeted metabolome. A total of 134 flavonoids were identified in two cultivars, including 37 flavones, 33 flavonols, and 11 anthocyanidins, and so on. From young to veraison, the composition and the content of most flavonoids were decreasing in both cultivars but increased at maturation in SB. In general, SB has higher flavonoid compositions and content than SM during the whole fruit development, especially the content of anthocyanin after veraison. While the SM had higher content of flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol and their derivatives. The expression of anthocyanin-related genes such as UFGT, OMT, GST, MATE, MYBA1, and MYBA2 was remarkably higher in SB than those in SM, which may attribute to higher anthocyanin content, while the higher expression of F3H and FLS resulted higher level of flavonols in SM. These results improve our understanding of flavonoid profiles and molecular mechanism in table grape cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunfu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Lafferty DJ, Espley RV, Deng CH, Günther CS, Plunkett B, Turner JL, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Allan AC, Albert NW. Hierarchical regulation of MYBPA1 by anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-related MYB proteins is conserved in Vaccinium species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1344-1356. [PMID: 34664645 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Vaccinium genus bear fruits rich in anthocyanins, a class of red-purple flavonoid pigments that provide human health benefits, although the localization and concentrations of anthocyanins differ between species: blueberry (V. corymbosum) has white flesh, while bilberry (V. myrtillus) has red flesh. Comparative transcriptomics between blueberry and bilberry revealed that MYBPA1.1 and MYBA1 strongly correlated with the presence of anthocyanins, but were absent or weakly expressed in blueberry flesh. MYBPA1.1 had a biphasic expression profile, correlating with both proanthocyanidin biosynthesis early during fruit development and anthocyanin biosynthesis during berry ripening. MYBPA1.1 was unable to induce anthocyanin or proanthocyanidin accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana, but activated promoters of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. The MYBPA1.1 promoter is directly activated by MYBA1 and MYBPA2 proteins, which regulate anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, respectively. Our findings suggest that the lack of VcMYBA1 expression in blueberry flesh results in an absence of VcMYBPA1.1 expression, which are both required for anthocyanin regulation. In contrast, VmMYBA1 is well expressed in bilberry flesh, up-regulating VmMYBPA1.1, allowing coordinated regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and anthocyanin accumulation. The hierarchal model described here for Vaccinium may also occur in a wider group of plants as a means to co-regulate different branches of the flavonoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janice L Turner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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33
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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34
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Xia H, Shen Y, Hu R, Wang J, Deng H, Lin L, Lv X, Deng Q, Xu K, Liang D. Methylation of MYBA1 is Associated with the Coloration in "Manicure Finger" Grape Skin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15649-15659. [PMID: 34918911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The "Manicure Finger" grape is notable for its fingerlike berries with a bright red top and yellow base; however, the mechanism underlying this color difference remains unknown. This study showed that the anthocyanin concentration and the expression levels of anthocyanin-related genes in the top skin were notably higher than those in the basal skin. The expression levels of DFR, UFGT, and GST were significantly correlated with the anthocyanin content. The promoters of the two VvUFGT alleles can be activated by VvMYBA1, which was verified by the yeast one-hybrid assay, the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Moreover, the methylation level of the VvMYBA1 promoter (-1488 to -1083 bp) in the top skin was significantly lower than that in the basal skin and was positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Our data suggest that methylation levels of the VvMYBA1 promoter play a crucial role in regulating grape skin coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongping Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kunfu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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35
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Zhang YL, Lin-Wang K, Albert NW, Elborough C, Espley RV, Andre CM, Fang ZZ. Identification of a Strong Anthocyanin Activator, VbMYBA, From Berries of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697212. [PMID: 34938303 PMCID: PMC8685453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wufanshu (Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.), which is a wild member of the genus Vaccinium, accumulates high concentration of anthocyanin in its berries. In this study, the accumulated anthocyanins and their derivatives in Wufanshu berries were identified through UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were identified from the transcriptome of Wufanshu berries. qRT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of anthocyanin structural genes correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in berries. The R2R3-MYB, VbMYBA, which is a homolog of anthocyanin promoting R2R3-MYBs from other Vaccinium species, was also identified. Transient expression of VbMYBA in Nicotiana tabacum leaves confirmed its role as an anthocyanin regulator, and produced a higher anthocyanin concentration when compared with blueberry VcMYBA expression. Dual-luciferase assays further showed that VbMYBA can activate the DFR and UFGT promoters from other Vaccinium species. VbMYBA has an additional 23 aa at the N terminus compared with blueberry VcMYBA, but this was shown not to affect the ability to regulate anthocyanins. Taken together, our results provide important information on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the high anthocyanin content in Wufanshu berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Elborough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christelle M. Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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36
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Dare AP, Günther CS, Grey AC, Guo G, Demarais NJ, Cordiner S, McGhie TK, Boldingh H, Hunt M, Deng C, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Espley RV. Resolving the developmental distribution patterns of polyphenols and related primary metabolites in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit. Food Chem 2021; 374:131703. [PMID: 34902814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a commercially important wild berry species, which accumulates high amounts of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, in the skin and flesh. Whilst a number of studies have quantified these phytochemicals in intact ripe bilberry fruit, we extend the current knowledge by investigating the spatial distribution of anthocyanin-associated polyphenols in fruit tissue, and study their links with primary metabolism during ripening. To address this, we used LC-MS and mass spectrometry imaging to measure and map primary and secondary metabolites in fruit. Correlation analysis showed that five sugars displayed strong positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation, whereas all amino acids were negatively correlated. The accumulation patterns of polyphenols correlated in fruit skin and flesh, but altered with development. Finally, spatial segmentation analysis revealed that the chemical signatures of ripening first appear at defined regions under the skin and rapidly expand to encompass the entire fruit at the eating-ripe stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - George Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Rd, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Martin Hunt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
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37
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Das PR, Darwish AG, Ismail A, Haikal AM, Gajjar P, Balasubramani SP, Sheikh MB, Tsolova V, Soliman KFA, Sherif SM, El-Sharkawy I. Diversity in blueberry genotypes and developmental stages enables discrepancy in the bioactive compounds, metabolites, and cytotoxicity. Food Chem 2021; 374:131632. [PMID: 34823937 PMCID: PMC8790722 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eight blueberry cultivars at three developmental stages were investigated for metabolite profiling, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Cultivars- and developmental stages-variations were determined in total phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant assays. The anticancer capacity was equal against A549, HepG2, and Caco-2 cancer cells, whereas the inhibition rate was dose-, incubation period-, cultivar-, and developmental stages-dependent. The untargeted metabolite profiling by UPLC-TOF-MS analysis of two contrast cultivars, 'Vernon' and 'Star', throughout the developmental stages revealed 328 metabolites; the majority of them were amino acids, organic acids, and flavonoids. The multivariate statistical analysis identified five metabolites, including quinic acid, methyl succinic acid, chlorogenic acid, oxoadipic acid, and malic acid, with positively higher correlations with all anticancer activities. This comprehensive database of blueberry metabolites along with anticancer activities could be targeted as natural anticancer potentials. This study would be of great value for food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries as well as plant biotechnologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protiva Rani Das
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Ahmed G Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Behera, Egypt
| | - Amr M Haikal
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Behera, Egypt
| | - Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Subramani Paranthaman Balasubramani
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, GA 31705, USA
| | - Mehboob B Sheikh
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Sherif M Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA.
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
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38
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Chiluisa-Utreras V, Vela D, Vaca I, Acurio R, Chicaiza J, Peñaherrera S. Expression of the ANS, CHS and DFR genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Vaccinium floribundum Kunth from Ecuador, using RT-qPCR. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.04.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium floribundum Kunth, a wild native species of berry in Ecuador, presents a lot of phenolic compounds, specifically anthocyanins; hence it is considered a natural nutraceutical due to all its nutritional properties. The comparison of the expression of genes is involved in the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin of several populations. The aim of the research was to analyze the expression levels of three genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in this species collected in two areas of the province of Pichincha: Machachi population of the Mejía canton, with geographic coordinates 0 ° 31′04.8 ″ S 78 ° 37′07.4 ″ W and altitude 3200 meters above sea level, and Pintag population of the Quito cantón, with geographic coordinates 0 ° 24′00.0 ″ S 78 ° 24′00.0 ″ W and altitude 3000 meters above sea level. The gene expression analysis was performed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique and reverse transcription (RT-qPCR). For the population of Machachi, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene had an average concentration of 648.59 ng/µL, followed by the chalcone synthase gene with 143.71 ng/µL, then by the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene with 59.58 ng/µL and finally by the anthocyanin synthase gene with 39 ng/µL. For the population of Pintag, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene has an average concentration of 667.32 ng/µL, followed by the chalcone synthase gene with 157.22 ng/µL, then by the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene with 60.42 ng/µL, and finally by the anthocyanin synthase gene with 44.40 ng/µL. Each gene has a similar expression level in both populations, but there are differences when comparing the expression level among genes. Many enzymes, structural genes, and regulatory elements have been observed as transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris Vela
- Laboratory of Evolutive Genetics. School of Biological Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Católica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ivonne Vaca
- Research group BIOARN, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito - Ecuador
| | - Ramiro Acurio
- Research group BIOARN, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito - Ecuador
| | - Javier Chicaiza
- Laboratory of Life Sciences, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito - Ecuador
| | - Sofía Peñaherrera
- Laboratory of Life Sciences, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito - Ecuador
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39
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Yan Y, Pico J, Sun B, Pratap-Singh A, Gerbrandt E, Diego Castellarin S. Phenolic profiles and their responses to pre- and post-harvest factors in small fruits: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-28. [PMID: 34766521 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1990849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of small fruits has increased in recent years. Besides their appealing flavor, the commercial success of small fruits has been partially attributed to their high contents of phenolic compounds with multiple health benefits. The phenolic profiles and contents in small fruits vary based on the genetic background, climate, growing conditions, and post-harvest handling techniques. In this review, we critically compare the profiles and contents of phenolics such as anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids that have been reported in bilberries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, black and red currants, raspberries, and strawberries during fruit development and post-harvest storage. This review offers researchers and breeders a general guideline for the improvement of phenolic composition in small fruits while considering the critical factors that affect berry phenolics from cultivation to harvest and to final consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bohan Sun
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Gerbrandt
- British Columbia Blueberry Council, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
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Li F, Wu B, Yan L, Qin X, Lai J. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling of Theobroma cacao provides insights into the molecular basis of pod color variation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1323-1334. [PMID: 34420146 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Theobroma cacao presents a wide diversity in pod color among different cultivars. Although flavonoid biosynthesis has been studied in many plants, molecular mechanisms governing the diversity of coloration in cacao pods are largely unknown. The flavonoid metabolite profiles and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression in the pod exocarps of light green pod 'TAS 410' (GW), green pod 'TAS 166' (GF), and mauve pod 'TAS 168' (PF) were determined. Changes in flavonoid metabolites, particularly the anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin O-syringic acid) were significantly up-accumulated in the mauve phenotype (PF) compared to the light green or green phenotypes, endowing the pod color change from light green or green to mauve. Consistently, the PF phenotype showed different expression patterns of flavonoid biosynthetic structural genes in comparison with GW/GF phenotypes. The expression level of LAR and ANR in GW/GF was significantly higher than PF, while the expression level of UFGT in GW/GF was lower than PF. These genes likely generated more anthocyanins in the exocarps samples of PF than that of GW/GF. Simultaneously, colorless flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin and proanthocyanidin) content in the exocarp samples of PF was lower than GW/GF. Additionally, MYB (gene18079) and bHLH (gene5045 and gene21575) may participate in the regulation of the pod color. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of cacao pod color variation, which will contribute to breeding cacao varieties with enhanced flavonoid profiles for nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Li
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Baoduo Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaowei Qin
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Jianxiong Lai
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China.
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Karppinen K, Lafferty DJ, Albert NW, Mikkola N, McGhie T, Allan AC, Afzal BM, Häggman H, Espley RV, Jaakola L. MYBA and MYBPA transcription factors co-regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in blue-coloured berries. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1350-1367. [PMID: 34351627 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory network of R2R3 MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis is not fully understood in blue-coloured berries containing delphinidin compounds. We used blue berries of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) to comprehensively characterise flavonoid-regulating R2R3 MYBs, which revealed a new type of co-regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis between members of MYBA-, MYBPA1- and MYBPA2-subgroups. VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 expression was elevated at berry ripening and by abscisic acid treatment. Additionally, VmMYBA1 and VmMYBPA1.1 expression was strongly downregulated in a white berry mutant. Complementation and transient overexpression assays confirmed VmMYBA1 and VmMYBA2 to induce anthocyanin accumulation. Promoter activation assays showed that VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 had similar activity towards dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), but differential regulation activity for UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) promoters. Silencing of VmMYBPA1.1 in berries led to the downregulation of key anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis genes. Functional analyses of other MYBPA regulators, and a member of novel MYBPA3 subgroup, associated them with proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and F3'5'H expression. The existence of 18 flavonoid-regulating MYBs indicated gene duplication, which may have enabled functional diversification among MYBA, MYBPA1 and MYBPA2 subgroups. Our results provide new insights into the intricate regulation of the complex anthocyanin profile found in blue-coloured berries involving regulation of both cyanidin and delphinidin branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Declan J Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nelli Mikkola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Tony McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Bilal M Afzal
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, 1431, Norway
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Li X, Fan J, Luo S, Yin L, Liao H, Cui X, He J, Zeng Y, Qu J, Bu Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified important genes and regulatory pathways for flower color variation in Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:495. [PMID: 34706650 PMCID: PMC8549352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum is a member of Orchidaceae family that is famous for its ornamental value around the globe, it is vulnerable due to over-exploitation and was listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which prevents its trade across borders. Variation in flower color that gives rise to different flower patterns is a major trait contributing to its high ornamental value. However, the molecular mechanism underlying color formation in P. hirsutissimum still remains unexplored. In the present study, we exploited natural variation in petal and labellum color of Paphiopedilum plants and used comparative transcriptome analysis as well as pigment measurements to explore the important genes, metabolites and regulatory pathways linked to flower color variation in P. hirsutissimum. RESULT We observed that reduced anthocyanin and flavonoid contents along with slightly higher carotenoids are responsible for albino flower phenotype. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 3287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among normal and albino labellum, and 3634 DEGs between normal and albino petals. Two genes encoding for flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and one gene encoding for chalcone synthase (CHS) were strongly downregulated in albino labellum and petals compared to normal flowers. As both F3H and CHS catalyze essentially important steps in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, downregulation of these genes is probably leading to albino flower phenotype via down-accumulation of anthocyanins. However, we observed the downregulation of major carotenoid biosynthesis genes including VDE, NCED and ABA2 which was inconsistent with the increased carotenoid accumulation in albino flowers, suggesting that carotenoid accumulation was probably controlled at post-transcriptional or translational level. In addition, we identified several key transcription factors (MYB73, MYB61, bHLH14, bHLH106, MADS-SOC1, AP2/ERF1, ERF26 and ERF87) that may regulate structural genes involved in flower color formation in P. hirsutissimum. Importantly, over-expression of some of these candidate TFs increased anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves which provided important evidence for the role of these TFs in flower color formation probably via regulating key structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway. CONCLUSION The genes identified here could be potential targets for breeding P. hirsutissimum with different flower color patterns by manipulating the anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jizheng Fan
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuming Luo
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Guangxi Key Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongying Liao
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueqiang Cui
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhou He
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjie Qu
- Guangxi Key Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Bu
- Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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Analysis of Light-Independent Anthocyanin Accumulation in Mango (Mangifera indica L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light dependent anthocyanin accumulation contributes to the red pigmentation of the fruit skin of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Light-independent pigmentation has also been reported, but remains poorly characterized. In this study, the pigmentation patterns in the skin of two red mango cultivars, ‘Ruby’ and ‘Sensation’, were evaluated. Metabolomic profiling revealed that quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B3 are the predominant flavonoid compounds in the skin of ‘Ruby’ and ‘Sensation’ fruit. Young fruit skin mainly accumulates flavonol and proanthocyanidin, while anthocyanin is mainly accumulated in the skin of mature fruit. Bagging treatment inhibited the biosynthesis of flovonol and anthocyanin, but promoted the accumulation of proanthocyanidin. Compared with ‘Sensation’, matured ‘Ruby’ fruit skin showed light red pigmentation at 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), showing a light-independent anthocyanin accumulation pattern. However, the increase of anthocyanin concentration, and the expression of key anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes MiUFGT1, MiUFGT3, and MiMYB1 in the skin of bagged ‘Ruby’ fruit versus ‘Sensation’ at 120 DAFB was very limited. There was no mutation in the crucial elements of MiMYB1 promoter between ‘Ruby’ and ‘Sensation’. We hypothesize that the light-independent anthocyanin accumulation in the skin of mature ‘Ruby’ fruit is regulated by plant hormones, and that ‘Ruby’ can be used for breeding of new more easily pigmented red mango cultivars.
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Shi M, Ali MM, He Y, Ma S, Rizwan HM, Yang Q, Li B, Lin Z, Chen F. Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple ( Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and Yellow ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) Passion Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112240. [PMID: 34834602 PMCID: PMC8620868 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and yellow (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) passion fruit were collected at five developmental stages (i.e., fruitlet, green, veraison, maturation, and ripening stage) from an orchard located at Nanping, Fujian, China. The contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, and their metabolites were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism were measured, and expression profiling of related genes was done using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and procyanidins were found to be increased in the fruit peel of both cultivars with fruit maturity. Total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins, flavonoid metabolites (i.e., rutin, luteolin, and quercetin), and anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were found abundant in the peel of purple passion fruit, as compared to yellow passion fruit. Principle component analysis showed that the enzymes, i.e., C4H, 4CL, UFGT, and GST were maybe involved in the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in the peel of passion fruit cultivars. Meanwhile, PePAL4, Pe4CL2,3, PeCHS2, and PeGST7 may play an important role in flavonoid metabolism in fruit peel of the passion fruit. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Yinying He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Songfeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Qiang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Binqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.C.)
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Samkumar A, Jones D, Karppinen K, Dare AP, Sipari N, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Red and blue light treatments of ripening bilberry fruits reveal differences in signalling through abscisic acid-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3227-3245. [PMID: 34337774 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been shown to be influenced by light quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the light-mediated regulation of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the effects of supplemental red and blue light on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in non-climacteric bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). After 6 days of continuous irradiation during ripening, both red and blue light elevated concentration of anthocyanins, up to 12- and 4-folds, respectively, compared to the control. Transcriptomic analysis of ripening berries showed that both light treatments up-regulated all the major anthocyanin structural genes, the key regulatory MYB transcription factors and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes. However, higher induction of specific genes of anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis alongside ABA signal perception and metabolism were found in red light. The difference in red and blue light signalling was found in 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) and catabolic ABA-8'hydroxylase gene expression. Red light also up-regulated expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) domain transporters, which may indicate involvement of these proteins in vesicular trafficking of anthocyanins during fruit ripening. Our results suggest differential signal transduction and transport mechanisms between red and blue light in ABA-regulated anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis during bilberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Tang Q, Chi FM, Liu HD, Zhang HJ, Song Y. Single-Molecule Real-Time and Illumina Sequencing to Analyze Transcriptional Regulation of Flavonoid Synthesis in Blueberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:754325. [PMID: 34659323 PMCID: PMC8514788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.754325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) contain large amounts of flavonoids, which play important roles in the plant's ability to resist stress and can also have beneficial effects on human health when the fruits are eaten. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate flavonoid synthesis in blueberries are still unclear. In this study, we combined two different transcriptome sequencing platforms, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing, to elucidate the flavonoid synthetic pathways in blueberries. We analyzed transcript quantity, length, and the number of annotated genes. We mined genes associated with flavonoid synthesis (such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins) and employed fluorescence quantitative PCR to analyze the expression of these genes and their correlation with flavonoid synthesis. We discovered one R2R3 MYB transcription factor from the sequencing library, VcMYB1, that can positively regulate anthocyanin synthesis in blueberries. VcMYB1 is mainly expressed in colored (mature) fruits. Experiments showed that overexpression and transient expression of VcMYB1 promoted anthocyanin synthesis in Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants and green blueberry fruits. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and transient expression experiments showed that VcMYB1 binds to the MYB binding site on the promoter of the structural gene for anthocyanin synthesis, VcMYB1 to positively regulate the transcription of VcDFR, thereby promoting anthocyanin synthesis. We also performed an in-depth investigation of transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. This study provides background information and data for studying the synthetic pathways of flavonoids and other secondary metabolites in blueberries.
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Marjanovic A, Djedjibegovic J, Lugusic A, Sober M, Saso L. Multivariate analysis of polyphenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of wild and cultivated berries from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19259. [PMID: 34584202 PMCID: PMC8478928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins content of eight berry species, namely serviceberry, gooseberry, blackberry, black chokeberry, bilberry, red currant, black currant, and cornelian cherry harvested in the regions of Sarajevo and Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The antioxidant activity was determined by a battery of in vitro tests including DPPH radical assay, FRAP assay, ABTS assay, and phosphomolybdate test for total antioxidant capacity. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins ranged from 0.834 to 6.921 mg TAE (tannic acid equivalents), 0.081–0.673 mg of quercetin, and 0.162–3.247 mg of catechin per gram of fresh fruit, respectively. The water extract of fruits had considerable levels of tested constituents and antioxidant activity, with the highest results obtained for black chokeberry. The multivariate clustering analysis showed that water extracts of analyzed species of berries belong to four distinct types in terms of their antioxidants levels and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, these results support the opinion that employment of multiple antioxidant tests is indeed required for adequate in vitro assessment of antioxidant capacity. Results also emphasized the need for a more detailed evaluation of the fruit species with good antioxidant potential (relative to standards), such as cornelian cherry and gooseberry, which are abundant yet not frequently consumed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Marjanovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Jasmina Djedjibegovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aida Lugusic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miroslav Sober
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Trivedi P, Nguyen N, Klavins L, Kviesis J, Heinonen E, Remes J, Jokipii-Lukkari S, Klavins M, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Häggman H. Analysis of composition, morphology, and biosynthesis of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and its glossy mutant. Food Chem 2021; 354:129517. [PMID: 33756336 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.019893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cuticular wax load, its chemical composition, and biosynthesis, was studied during development of wild type (WT) bilberry fruit and its natural glossy type (GT) mutant. GT fruit cuticular wax load was comparable with WT fruits. In both, the proportion of triterpenoids decreased during fruit development concomitant with increasing proportions of total aliphatic compounds. In GT fruit, a higher proportion of triterpenoids in cuticular wax was accompanied by a lower proportion of fatty acids and ketones compared to WT fruit as well as lower density of crystalloid structures on berry surfaces. Our results suggest that the glossy phenotype could be caused by the absence of rod-like structures in GT fruit associated with reduction in proportions of ketones and fatty acids in the cuticular wax. Especially CER26-like, FAR2, CER3-like, LTP, MIXTA, and BAS genes showed fruit skin preferential expression patterns indicating their role in cuticular wax biosynthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Trivedi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Linards Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Jorens Kviesis
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Esa Heinonen
- Centre for Material Analysis, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Janne Remes
- Centre for Material Analysis, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Barchi L, Rabanus‐Wallace MT, Prohens J, Toppino L, Padmarasu S, Portis E, Rotino GL, Stein N, Lanteri S, Giuliano G. Improved genome assembly and pan-genome provide key insights into eggplant domestication and breeding. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:579-596. [PMID: 33964091 PMCID: PMC8453987 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important horticultural crop and one of the most widely grown vegetables from the Solanaceae family. It was domesticated from a wild, prickly progenitor carrying small, round, non-anthocyanic fruits. We obtained a novel, highly contiguous genome assembly of the eggplant '67/3' reference line, by Hi-C retrofitting of a previously released short read- and optical mapping-based assembly. The sizes of the 12 chromosomes and the fraction of anchored genes in the improved assembly were comparable to those of a chromosome-level assembly. We resequenced 23 accessions of S. melongena representative of the worldwide phenotypic, geographic, and genetic diversity of the species, and one each from the closely related species Solanum insanum and Solanum incanum. The eggplant pan-genome contained approximately 51.5 additional megabases and 816 additional genes compared with the reference genome, while the pan-plastome showed little genetic variation. We identified 53 selective sweeps related to fruit color, prickliness, and fruit shape in the nuclear genome, highlighting selection leading to the emergence of present-day S. melongena cultivars from its wild ancestors. Candidate genes underlying the selective sweeps included a MYBL1 repressor and CHALCONE ISOMERASE (for fruit color), homologs of Arabidopsis GLABRA1 and GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS2 (for prickliness), and orthologs of tomato FW2.2, OVATE, LOCULE NUMBER/WUSCHEL, SUPPRESSOR OF OVATE, and CELL SIZE REGULATOR (for fruit size/shape), further suggesting that selection for the latter trait relied on a common set of orthologous genes in tomato and eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barchi
- DISAFA – Plant geneticsUniversity of TurinGrugliasco (TO)10095Italy
| | | | - Jaime Prohens
- COMAVUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaCamino de Vera 14Valencia46022Spain
| | - Laura Toppino
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and BioinformaticsVia Paullese 28Montanaso LombardoLO26836Italy
| | - Sudharsan Padmarasu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Corrensstr. 3Seeland06466Germany
| | - Ezio Portis
- DISAFA – Plant geneticsUniversity of TurinGrugliasco (TO)10095Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and BioinformaticsVia Paullese 28Montanaso LombardoLO26836Italy
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Corrensstr. 3Seeland06466Germany
- Department of Crop SciencesCenter for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed)Georg‐August‐UniversityVon Siebold Str. 8Göttingen37075Germany
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- DISAFA – Plant geneticsUniversity of TurinGrugliasco (TO)10095Italy
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Jung YS, Kwak IA, Lee SG, Cho HS, Cho YS, Kim DO. Influence of production systems on phenolic characteristics and antioxidant capacity of highbush blueberry cultivars. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2949-2961. [PMID: 34146400 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry is a crop grown worldwide due to the excellent quality and high polyphenol content of its fruit and tolerance to cold conditions. We investigated the influence of three production systems, namely an open field, heated greenhouse, and non-heated (plastic) greenhouse, on the phenolic characteristics (total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content) and antioxidant capacities of "Spartan" (northern highbush), "Sharpblue" (southern highbush), and "O'Neal" (southern highbush) blueberry cultivars. The non-heated production system showed the highest phenolic characteristics and antioxidant capacity in "Spartan" and "O'Neal," while the open field production system showed the highest phenolic characteristics and antioxidant capacity in "Sharpblue." Derivatives of delphinidin and malvidin were two of the most abundant anthocyanins. The heated greenhouse production system resulted in larger amounts of delphinidin derivatives compared with the other production systems, while the blueberry grown in the non-heated greenhouse produced larger amount of malvidin derivatives. The anthocyanin profiles varied according to production system and blueberry cultivars. The principal component analysis loading plot of blueberries for individual anthocyanins explained over 95% of the total variance. In summary, the results of this study suggest that a strategic approach to blueberry production could elevate the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of cultivated blueberry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The highbush blueberry, a rich source of bioactive polyphenols, is a popular fruit. The microclimate of the production system of highbush blueberries affects the concentrations of antioxidative phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins. Therefore, discovering and applying the appropriate method of production for each blueberry cultivar could facilitate production of high-quality blueberries rich in phenolic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ae Kwak
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Cho
- Fruit Research Institute, Jeonnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sup Cho
- Fruit Research Institute, Jeonnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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