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Zareei E, Karami F, Gholami M, Ershadi A, Avestan S, Aryal R, Gohari G, Farooq M. Physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry crown and leaf tissues to freezing stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 34773991 PMCID: PMC8590311 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In northern Iran and other cold regions, winter freezing injury and resultant yield instability are major limitations to strawberry production. However, there is scarcity of information on the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars to freezing stress. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars (Tennessee Beauty, Blakemore, Kurdistan, Queen Elisa, Chandler, Krasnyy Bereg, and Yalova) to different freezing temperature treatments (- 5, - 10, - 15, - 20, and - 25 °C) under controlled conditions. RESULTS All measured physiological and biochemical features were significantly affected by the interaction effect between low temperatures and cultivars. Tennessee Beauty showed the highest RWC at - 25 °C. The highest Fv/Fm was observed in Queen Elisa. Krasnyy Bereg had the least freezing injury (FI) in crown and leaf, while Yalova and Chandler showed the highest crown and leaf FI, respectively. At - 20 to - 25 °C, the highest carbohydrates contents of crown and leaf were noted in Blakemore and Krasnyy Bereg cultivars, respectively. The Yalova showed the highest protein content in both crown and leaf tissues at - 25 °C. The Tennessee Beauty and Blackmore cultivars showed the highest proline in crowns and leaves at - 15 °C, respectively. The highest ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) contents in the crown and leaf were observed in Kurdistan and Queen Elisa, respectively. Queen Elisa and Krasnyy Bereg cultivars showed SOD and POD peaks in the crown at - 15 °C, respectively. CONCLUSION Freezing stress was characterized by decreased Fv/Fm and RWC, and increased FI, TBARS, total carbohydrates, total proteins, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The extent of changes in above mentioned traits was cultivar dependent. FI and TBARS were the best traits among destructive parameters for evaluating freezing tolerance. Moreover, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm index), as non-destructive parameters, showed a significant efficiency in rapid assessment for screening of freezing tolerant strawberry cultivars. The cultivars Krasnyy Bereg, Queen Elisa, and Kurdistan were the most tolerant cultivars to freezing stress. These cultivars can be used as parents in breeding programs to develop new freezing tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Karami
- Horticultural Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mansour Gholami
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ershadi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saber Avestan
- Horticultural Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Rishi Aryal
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Al-Khoud, Oman
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Genotype-Dependent Gene Expression in Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Plants Under High Temperature Stress. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:848-866. [PMID: 32535726 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The differences in tolerance to high temperatures were investigated on the basis of gene expressions in two strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cultivars which were previously determined as high temperature tolerant (Redlands Hope = R. Hope) and sensitive (Festival). Plants were exposed incrementally to 35, 40, 45, and finally 50 °C for 24 h. qRT-PCR analyses were carried out with 19 known sequences from the databases. Protein expression analyses were based on SDS-PAGE results, sequenced and then separated due to their isoelectric points. Expression levels were determined at 35, 40, and 45 °C. According to the results, tolerance of 'R. Hope' to high temperature stress can be explained with the coordination of Hsp70, Hsp90, and small heat shock proteins (sHsps) having a vital and supplementary role in stress response. Sensitive cultivar 'Festival' can respond to high temperatures only with the low molecular weight protein and transcripts that do not take a central role in high temperature stress response. Moreover, allergen gene expression triggered by high temperature were detected in both cultivars with different expression levels. The greater expression level in allergen genes observed in the sensitive cultivar 'Festival' under high temperature indicates that there is possibly a negative correlation between expression level in allergen genes and heat stress tolerance. Future studies addressing allergen gene expression under high temperature stress are required to confirm on these findings and to expand on the potential use as a molecular marker in breeding process for enhanced tolerance to high temperature.
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Quesada-Traver C, Guerrero BI, Badenes ML, Rodrigo J, Ríos G, Lloret A. Structure and Expression of Bud Dormancy-Associated MADS-Box Genes ( DAM) in European Plum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1288. [PMID: 32973847 PMCID: PMC7466548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy in temperate perennials ensures the survival of growing meristems under the harsh environmental conditions of autumn and winter, and facilitates an optimal growth and development resumption in the spring. Although the molecular pathways controlling the dormancy process are still unclear, DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes (DAM) have emerged as key regulators of the dormancy cycle in different species. In the present study, we have characterized the orthologs of DAM genes in European plum (Prunus domestica L.). Their expression patterns together with sequence similarities are consistent with a role of PdoDAMs in dormancy maintenance mechanisms in European plum. Furthermore, other genes related to dormancy, flowering, and stress response have been identified in order to obtain a molecular framework of these three different processes taking place within the dormant flower bud in this species. This research provides a set of candidate genes to be genetically modified in future research, in order to better understand dormancy regulation in perennial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Quesada-Traver
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Brenda Ivette Guerrero
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Luisa Badenes
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Rodrigo
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Lloret
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alba Lloret,
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De La Torre AR, Piot A, Liu B, Wilhite B, Weiss M, Porth I. Functional and morphological evolution in gymnosperms: A portrait of implicated gene families. Evol Appl 2020; 13:210-227. [PMID: 31892953 PMCID: PMC6935586 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnosperms diverged from their sister plant clade of flowering plants 300 Mya. Morphological and functional divergence between the two major seed plant clades involved significant changes in their reproductive biology, water-conducting systems, secondary metabolism, stress defense mechanisms, and small RNA-mediated epigenetic silencing. The relatively recent sequencing of several gymnosperm genomes and the development of new genomic resources have enabled whole-genome comparisons within gymnosperms, and between angiosperms and gymnosperms. In this paper, we aim to understand how genes and gene families have contributed to the major functional and morphological differences in gymnosperms, and how this information can be used for applied breeding and biotechnology. In addition, we have analyzed the angiosperm versus gymnosperm evolution of the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) gene family with a wide range of functionalities in plants' interaction with their environment including defense mechanisms. Some of the genes reviewed here are newly studied members of gene families that hold potential for biotechnological applications related to commercial and pharmacological value. Some members of conifer gene families can also be exploited for their potential in phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Piot
- Department of Wood and Forest SciencesLaval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Institute for System and Integrated Biology (IBIS)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Bobin Liu
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
- College of ForestryFujian Agricultural and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | | | - Matthew Weiss
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Ilga Porth
- Department of Wood and Forest SciencesLaval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Institute for System and Integrated Biology (IBIS)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF)Laval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
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Mechanism of Overwintering in Trees. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30288708 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Boreal trees possess very high freezing resistance, which is induced by short-day length and low temperatures, in order to survive severe subzero temperatures in winter. During autumn, cooperation of photoreceptors and circadian clock system perceiving photoperiod shortening results in growth cessation, dormancy development, and first induction of freezing resistance. The freezing resistance is further enhanced by subsequent low temperature during seasonal cold acclimation with concomitant changes in various morphological and physiological features including accumulation of sugars and late embryogenesis abundant proteins. The mechanism of adaptation to freezing temperatures differs depending on the type of tissue in boreal trees. For example, bark, cambium, and leaf cells tolerate freezing-induced dehydration by extracellular freezing, whereas xylem parenchyma cells avoid intracellular freezing by deep supercooling. In addition, dormant buds in some trees respond by extraorgan freezing. Boreal trees have evolved overwintering mechanisms such as dormancy and high freezing resistance in order to survive freezing temperatures in winter.
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Lloret A, Badenes ML, Ríos G. Modulation of Dormancy and Growth Responses in Reproductive Buds of Temperate Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1368. [PMID: 30271422 PMCID: PMC6146825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During autumn perennial trees cease growth and form structures called buds in order to protect meristems from the unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperature and desiccation. In addition to increased tolerance to these abiotic stresses, reproductive buds modulate developmental programs leading to dormancy induction to avoid premature growth resumption, and flowering pathways. Stress tolerance, dormancy, and flowering processes are thus physically and temporarily restricted to a bud, and consequently forced to interact at the regulatory level. We review recent genomic, genetic, and molecular contributions to the knowledge of these three processes in trees, highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications, phytohormones, and common regulatory factors. Finally, we emphasize the utility of transcriptomic approaches for the identification of key structural and regulatory genes involved in bud processes, illustrated with our own experience using peach as a model.
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Die JV, Arora R, Rowland LJ. Proteome dynamics of cold-acclimating Rhododendron species contrasting in their freezing tolerance and thermonasty behavior. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177389. [PMID: 28542212 PMCID: PMC5441609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of cold acclimation in rhododendron and in woody perennials in general, we used the 2D-DIGE technique to analyze the rhododendron proteome during the seasonal development of freezing tolerance. We selected two species varying in their cold acclimation ability as well as their thermonasty response (folding of leaves in response to low temperature). Proteins were extracted from leaves of non-acclimated (NA) and cold acclimated (CA) plants of the hardier thermonastic species, R. catawbiense (Cata.), and from leaves of cold acclimated plants of the less hardy, non-thermonastic R. ponticum (Pont.). All three protein samples (Cata.NA, Cata.CA, and Pont.CA) were labeled with different CyDyes and separated together on a single gel. Triplicate gels were run and protein profiles were compared resulting in the identification of 72 protein spots that consistently had different abundances in at least one pair-wise comparison. From the 72 differential spots, we chose 56 spots to excise and characterize further by mass spectrometry (MS). Changes in the proteome associated with the seasonal development of cold acclimation were identified from the Cata.CA-Cata.NA comparisons. Differentially abundant proteins associated with the acquisition of superior freezing tolerance and with the thermonastic response were identified from the Cata.CA-Pont.CA comparisons. Our results indicate that cold acclimation in rhododendron involves increases in abundance of several proteins related to stress (freezing/desiccation tolerance), energy and carbohydrate metabolism, regulation/signaling, secondary metabolism (possibly involving cell wall remodeling), and permeability of the cell membrane. Cold acclimation also involves decreases in abundance of several proteins involved in photosynthesis. Differences in freezing tolerance between genotypes can probably be attributed to observed differences in levels of proteins involved in these functions. Also differences in freezing tolerance may be attributed to higher levels of some constitutive protective proteins in Cata. than in Pont. that may be required to overcome freeze damage, such as glutathione peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, and a plastid-lipid-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Die
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lisa J. Rowland
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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ERGİN S, GÜLEN H, KESİCİ M, TURHAN E, İPEK A, KÖKSAL N. Effects of high temperature stress on enzymatic and nonenzymaticantioxidants and proteins in strawberry plants. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 2016; 40:908-917. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3906/tar-1606-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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9
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Shin H, Oh Y, Kim D. Differences in cold hardiness, carbohydrates, dehydrins and related gene expressions under an experimental deacclimation and reacclimation in Prunus persica. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:485-99. [PMID: 25272204 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To boost our understanding of a recent outbreak of freezing injury, we sought to confirm distinctive features between the shoot tissues of the peach (Prunus persica) cultivars Daewol and Kiraranokiwami by mimicking unseasonable changes of temperatures that occur in the early spring through repeated deacclimation and reacclimation treatments. Patterns of cold hardiness declined dramatically during the deacclimation and rose during the reacclimation in both cultivars. Our results indicated that 'Daewol' possessed higher capacity in response to repeated deacclimation and reacclimation treatments than 'Kiraranokiwami'. 'Daewol' showed more sensitive changes in the carbohydrates in response to warm and low temperatures compared with 'Kiraranokiwami'. 'Daewol' indicated almost similar repeated down- and up-patterns in soluble sugar content in response to repeated deacclimation and reacclimation, whereas it indicated repeated up- and down-patterns in starch content. However, 'Kiraranokiwami' showed a progressive increase in the soluble sugar content and a progressive decrease in starch content. Notably, patterns of accumulation of a 60-kDa dehydrin protein encoded by the PpDhn1 gene were confirmed through western blotting and paralleled fluctuations of cold hardiness in both cultivars. Expression of this dehydrin was weak in both cultivars during deacclimation but its band intensity increased during reacclimation. Changes in related genes (β-amylase, PpDhn1, PpDhn2 and PpDhn3) were positively correlated with changes in cold hardiness throughout the experiment. Our results indicate that recent repeated warm periods may cause premature deacclimation in the early spring, and that more cold-tolerant cultivar may be more resilient to freezing injury caused by unstable temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Shin
- Department of Horticulture, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Youngjae Oh
- Department of Horticulture, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Daeil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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Charrier G, Ngao J, Saudreau M, Améglio T. Effects of environmental factors and management practices on microclimate, winter physiology, and frost resistance in trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:259. [PMID: 25972877 PMCID: PMC4411886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is one of the most important limiting factors determining the ecological distribution and production of tree species. Assessment of frost risk is, therefore, critical for forestry, fruit production, and horticulture. Frost risk is substantial when hazard (i.e., exposure to damaging freezing temperatures) intersects with vulnerability (i.e., frost sensitivity). Based on a large number of studies on frost resistance and frost occurrence, we highlight the complex interactive roles of environmental conditions, carbohydrates, and water status in frost risk development. To supersede the classical empirical relations used to model frost hardiness, we propose an integrated ecophysiologically-based framework of frost risk assessment. This framework details the individual or interactive roles of these factors, and how they are distributed in time and space at the individual-tree level (within-crown and across organs). Based on this general framework, we are able to highlight factors by which different environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, light, flood, and drought), and management practices (pruning, thinning, girdling, sheltering, water aspersion, irrigation, and fertilization) influence frost sensitivity and frost exposure of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Ngao
- INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Saudreau
- INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Améglio
- INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Chen K, Arora R. Understanding the cellular mechanism of recovery from freeze-thaw injury in spinach: possible role of aquaporins, heat shock proteins, dehydrin and antioxidant system. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:374-87. [PMID: 23981077 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from reversible freeze-thaw injury in plants is a critical component of ultimate frost survival. However, little is known about this aspect at the cellular level. To explore possible cellular mechanism(s) for post-thaw recovery (REC), we used Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Bloomsdale leaves to first determine the reversible freeze-thaw injury point. Freeze (-4.5°C)-thaw-injured tissues (32% injury vs <3% in unfrozen control) fully recovered during post-thaw, as assessed by an ion leakage-based method. Our data indicate that photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm) was compromised in injured tissues but recovered during post-thaw. Similarly, the reactive oxygen species (O2 (•-) and H2 O2 ) accumulated in injured tissues but dissipated during recovery, paralleled by the repression and restoration, respectively, of activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC. 1.14.1.1), and catalase (CAT) (EC.1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (EC.1.11.1.11). Restoration of CAT and APX activities during recovery was slower than SOD, concomitant with a slower depletion of H2 O2 compared to O2 (•-) . A hypothesis was also tested that the REC is accompanied by changes in the expression of water channels [aquaporines (AQPs)] likely needed for re-absorption of thawed extracellular water. Indeed, the expression of two spinach AQPs, SoPIP2;1 and SoδTIP, was downregulated in injured tissues and restored during recovery. Additionally, a notion that molecular chaperones [heat shock protein of 70 kDa (HSP70s)] and putative membrane stabilizers [dehydrins (DHNs)] are recruited during recovery to restore cellular homeostasis was also tested. We noted that, after an initial repression in injured tissues, the expression of three HSP70s (cytosolic, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial) and a spinach DHN (CAP85) was significantly restored during the REC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keting Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Yamane H. Regulation of Bud Dormancy and Bud Break in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Siebold ^|^amp; Zucc.) and Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: A Summary of Recent Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.ch-rev4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kjellsen TD, Yakovlev IA, Fossdal CG, Strimbeck GR. Dehydrin accumulation and extreme low-temperature tolerance in Siberian spruce (Picea obovata). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 33:1354-66. [PMID: 24336613 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of dehydrins (DHNs) in extreme low-temperature (LT) tolerance, we sampled needle tissue of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) from trees growing in an arboretum in Trondheim, Norway from August 2006 to April 2007 and tracked changes in LT tolerance via relative electrolyte leakage. We used western blotting to estimate relative amounts of proteins binding a DHN K-segment antibody, measured relative amounts of nine transcripts for small (<25 kDa) DHNs by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers developed for DHN transcripts in a closely related species, Picea abies (L.) Karsten, and isolated and sequenced PCR products for five P. obovata DHNs. Three protein bands of 53, 35 and 33 kDa were detected on western blots of SDS-PAGE-separated protein extracts. The 53-kDa DHN was already present late in the growing season, but accumulated during acclimation, and levels decreased rapidly during deacclimation. The 33- and 35-kDa proteins, identified as Picg5 class DHNs by mass spectrometry, first appeared in detectable amounts late in the acclimation process and remained at detectable levels throughout the period of maximum LT tolerance. Levels of the 53-kDa DHN correlated with two LT tolerance parameters, while results for the 33- and 35-kDa proteins were equivocal due to limited sample size and variation in LT tolerance during the mid-winter period. Three additional bands of 30, 28 and 26 kDa were detected in extracts from needles collected in November 2010 using an immunity-purified antibody. Immunoblotting of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gels loaded with proteins extracted from October and November samples corroborated the results obtained by SDS-PAGE western blots. One large spot in the 53 kDa range and two trains of spots in the same size range as the 33 and 35 kDa DHNs were detected using the K-segment antibody. Eight of the nine DHN transcripts closely tracked LT tolerance parameters, whereas the ninth DHN transcripts followed a reverse pattern, decreasing during winter and increasing again during deacclimation. Multiple regression models using principal components of the transcripts to predict two different LT tolerance parameters suggest separate but overlapping functions for different DHNs in establishing and maintaining extreme LT tolerance.
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Chen K, Fessehaie A, Arora R. Dehydrin metabolism is altered during seed osmopriming and subsequent germination under chilling and desiccation in Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Bloomsdale: possible role in stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 183:27-36. [PMID: 22195574 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Osmopriming improves seed germination performance as well as stress tolerance. To understand the biochemistry of osmopriming-induced seed stress tolerance, we investigated dehydrin (DHN) accumulation patterns at protein and transcript level (determined by immunoblotting and qPCR) during priming, and subsequent germination under optimal and stress conditions (i.e. chilling and desiccation) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Bloomsdale) seeds. Our data indicate enhanced germination performance of primed seeds is accompanied by increased accumulation of three dehydrin-like proteins (DLPs): 30, 26, and 19-kD. Moreover, 30, 26 and 19-kD DLPs that first only transiently accumulated during priming re-accumulated in response to stresses, suggesting an evidence for 'cross-tolerance', which is initially induced by priming and later recruited during post-priming germination under stresses. Study with CAP85, a spinach DHN, corroborates above observations at the gene-expression and protein accumulation level. Additionally, our results suggest that during seed germination and seedling establishment, CAP85 expression may be regulated by the interplay of two factors: seedling development and stress responses. In conclusion, our data suggest that 30, 26, and 19-kD dehydrin-like proteins and CAP85 may be used as potential biochemical/molecular markers for priming-induced stress tolerance in 'Bloomsdale' spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keting Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA
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Rurek M. Diverse accumulation of several dehydrin-like proteins in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Arabidopsis thaliana and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) mitochondria under cold and heat stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:181. [PMID: 20718974 PMCID: PMC3095311 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydrins represent hydrophilic proteins acting mainly during cell dehydration and stress response. Dehydrins are generally thermostable; however, the so-called dehydrin-like (dehydrin-related) proteins show variable thermolability. Both groups immunoreact with antibodies directed against the K-segment of dehydrins. Plant mitochondrial dehydrin-like proteins are poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to extend previous reports on plant dehydrins by comparing the level of immunoprecipitated dehydrin-like proteins in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Arabidopsis thaliana and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) mitochondria under cold and heat stress. RESULTS All the analyzed plant species showed constitutive accumulation of thermostable mitochondrial putative dehydrins ranging from 50 to 70 kDa. The mitochondrial dehydrin-like proteins observed in cauliflower and Arabidopsis ranged from 10 to 100 kDa and in lupin imbibed seeds and hypocotyls--from 20 to 90 kDa. Cold treatment increased mainly the accumulation of 10-100 kDa cauliflower and Arabidopsis dehydrin-like proteins, in the patterns different in cauliflower leaf and inflorescence mitochondria. However, in lupin mitochondria, cold affected mainly 25-50 kDa proteins and seemed to induce the appearance of some novel dehydrin-like proteins. The influence of frost stress on cauliflower leaf mitochondrial dehydrin- like proteins was less significant. The impact of heat stress was less significant in lupin and Arabidopsis than in cauliflower inflorescence mitochondria. Cauliflower mitochondrial dehydrin-like proteins are localized mostly in the mitochondrial matrix; it seems that some of them may interact with mitochondrial membranes. CONCLUSIONS All the results reveal an unexpectedly broad spectrum of dehydrin-like proteins accumulated during some abiotic stress in the mitochondria of the plant species analyzed. They display only limited similarity in size to those reported previously in maize, wheat and rye mitochondria. Some small thermolabile dehydrin-like proteins were induced under stress conditions applied and therefore they are likely to be involved in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Proteomics of extreme freezing tolerance in Siberian spruce (Picea obovata). J Proteomics 2010; 73:965-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Bassett CL, Wisniewski ME, Artlip TS, Richart G, Norelli JL, Farrell RE. Comparative expression and transcript initiation of three peach dehydrin genes. PLANTA 2009; 230:107-18. [PMID: 19360436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrin genes encode proteins with demonstrated cryoprotective and antifreeze activity, and they respond to a variety of abiotic stress conditions that have dehydration as a common component. Two dehydrins from peach (Prunus persica L. [Batsch.]) have been previously characterized; here, we describe the characterization of a third dehydrin from peach bark, PpDhn3, isolated by its response to low temperature. The expression of all three dehydrin genes was profiled by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and transcript initiation was mapped for all three genes using the RNA ligase-mediated 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. PpDhn3 transcripts from bark collected in December or July, as well as transcripts from developing fruit, initiated at a single site. Although most of the PpDhn1 transcripts initiated at a similar position, those from young fruit initiated much further upstream of the consensus TATA box. Bark and fruit transcripts encoding PpDhn2 initiated ca. 30 bases downstream of a consensus TATA box; however, transcripts from ripe fruit initiated further upstream. Ripe fruit transcripts of PpDhn2 contain a 5' leader intron which is predicted to add some 34 amino acids to the N-terminal methionine of the cognate protein when properly processed. Secondary structure prediction of sequences surrounding the TATA box suggests that conformational transitions associated with decreasing temperature contribute to the regulation of expression of the cold-responsive dehydrin genes. Taken together these results reveal new, unexpected levels of gene regulation contributing to the overall expression pattern of peach dehydrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Leavel Bassett
- USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
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18
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Peng Y, Reyes JL, Wei H, Yang Y, Karlson D, Covarrubias AA, Krebs SL, Fessehaie A, Arora R. RcDhn5, a cold acclimation-responsive dehydrin from Rhododendron catawbiense rescues enzyme activity from dehydration effects in vitro and enhances freezing tolerance in RcDhn5-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2008; 134:583-97. [PMID: 19000195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins (DHNs) are typically induced in response to abiotic stresses that impose cellular dehydration. As extracellular freezing results in cellular dehydration, accumulation of DHNs and development of desiccation tolerance are believed to be key components of the cold acclimation (CA) process. The present study shows that RcDhn5, one of the DHNs from Rhododendron catawbiense leaf tissues, encodes an acidic, SK(2) type DHN and is upregulated during seasonal CA and downregulated during spring deacclimation (DA). Data from in vitro partial water loss assays indicate that purified RcDhn5 protects enzyme activity against a dehydration treatment and that this protection is comparable with acidic SK(n) DHNs from other species. To investigate the contribution of RcDhn5 to freezing tolerance (FT), Arabidopsis plants overexpressing RcDhn5 under the control of 35S promoter were generated. Transgenic plants exhibited improved 'constitutive' FT compared with the control plants. Furthermore, a small but significant improvement in FT of RcDhn5-overexpressing plants was observed after 12 h of CA; however, this gained acclimation capacity was not sustained after a 6-day CA. Transcript profiles of cold-regulated native Arabidopsis DHNs (COR47, ERD10 and ERD14) during a CA time-course suggests that the apparent lack of improvement in cold-acclimated FT of RcDhn5-overexpressing plants over that of wild-type controls after a 6-day CA might have been because of the dilution of the effect of RcDhn5 overproduction by a strong CA-induced expression of native Arabidopsis DHNs. This study provides evidence that RcDhn5 contributes to freezing stress tolerance and that this could be, in part, because of its dehydration stress-protective ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Peng
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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19
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Pagter M, Jensen CR, Petersen KK, Liu F, Arora R. Changes in carbohydrates, ABA and bark proteins during seasonal cold acclimation and deacclimation in Hydrangea species differing in cold hardiness. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2008; 134:473-85. [PMID: 18636985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cold injury is frequently seen in the commercially important shrub Hydrangea macrophylla but not in Hydrangea paniculata. Cold acclimation and deacclimation and associated physiological adaptations were investigated from late September 2006 to early May 2007 in stems of field-grown H. macrophylla ssp. macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. cv. Blaumeise and H. paniculata Sieb. cv. Kyushu. Acclimation and deacclimation appeared approximately synchronized in the two species, but they differed significantly in levels of mid-winter cold hardiness, rates of acclimation and deacclimation and physiological traits conferring tolerance to freezing conditions. Accumulation patterns of sucrose and raffinose in stems paralleled fluctuations in cold hardiness in both species, but H. macrophylla additionally accumulated glucose and fructose during winter, indicating species-specific differences in carbohydrate metabolism. Protein profiles differed between H. macrophylla and H. paniculata, but distinct seasonal patterns associated with winter acclimation were observed in both species. In H. paniculata concurrent increases in xylem sap abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations ([ABA](xylem)) and freezing tolerance suggests an involvement of ABA in cold acclimation. In contrast, ABA from the root system was seemingly not involved in cold acclimation in H. macrophylla, suggesting that species-specific differences in cold hardiness may be related to differences in [ABA](xylem). In both species a significant increase in stem freezing tolerance appeared long after growth ceased, suggesting that cold acclimation is more regulated by temperature than by photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken Pagter
- Department of Horticulture, University of Aarhus, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark.
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20
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Wisniewski M, Bassett C, Norelli J, Macarisin D, Artlip T, Gasic K, Korban S. Expressed sequence tag analysis of the response of apple (Malus x domestica'Royal Gala') to low temperature and water deficit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2008; 133:298-317. [PMID: 18298416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf, bark, xylem and root tissues were used to make nine cDNA libraries from non-stressed (control) 'Royal Gala' apple trees, and from 'Royal Gala' trees exposed to either low temperature (5 degrees C for 24 h) or water deficit (45% of saturated pot mass for 2 weeks). Over 22 600 clones from the nine libraries were subjected to 5' single-pass sequencing, clustered and annotated using blastx. The number of clusters in the libraries ranged from 170 to 1430. Regarding annotation of the sequences, blastx analysis indicated that within the libraries 65-72% of the clones had a high similarity to known function genes, 6-15% had no functional assignment and 15-26% were completely novel. The expressed sequence tags were combined into three classes (control, low-temperature and water deficit) and the annotated genes in each class were placed into 1 of 10 different functional categories. The percentage of genes falling into each category was then calculated. This analysis indicated a distinct downregulation of genes involved in general metabolism and photosynthesis, while a significant increase in defense/stress-related genes, protein metabolism and energy was observed. In particular, there was a three-fold increase in the number of stress genes observed in the water deficit libraries indicating a major shift in gene expression in response to a chronic stress. The number of stress genes in response to low temperature, although elevated, was much less than the water deficit libraries perhaps reflecting the shorter (24 h) exposure to stress. Genes with greater than five clones in any specific library were identified and, based on the number of clones obtained, the fold increase or decrease in expression in the libraries was calculated and verified by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genes, of particular note, that code for the following proteins were overexpressed in the low-temperature libraries: dehydrin and metallothionein-like proteins, ubiquitin proteins, a dormancy-associated protein, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein and an RNA-binding protein. Genes that were upregulated in the water deficit libraries fell mainly into the functional categories of stress (heat shock proteins, dehydrins) and photosynthesis. With few exceptions, the overall differences in downregulated genes were nominal compared with differences in upregulated genes. The results of this apple study are similar to other global studies of plant response to stress but offer a more detailed analysis of specific tissue response (bark vs xylem vs leaf vs root) and a comparison between an acute stress (24-h exposure to low temperature) and a chronic stress (2 weeks of water deficit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wisniewski
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
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21
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Liu M, Lu C, Shen X, Yin W. Characterization and function analysis of a cold-induced AmCIP gene encoding a dehydrin-like protein in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 17:342-9. [PMID: 17343207 DOI: 10.1080/10425170600908484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone was isolated after difference screening from cotyledons of two-week cold-treated Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. The full-length cDNA sequence [designated as AmCIP (A. mongolicus cold-induced protein) gene] was 806 bp long and contained a 465 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 16.6 kD protein of 154 amino acids. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that CIP belongs to dehydrin family with the features of high hydrophilicity, a helix K-segment, a long Gly-rich region and a phosphorylatable tract of Ser as well as deficiency in Cys and Trp. The expression of CIP gene increased after two weeks of cold treatment and more expression was detected in radicle than in cotyledon. And PCR amplification of the AmCIP gene from genome of A. mongolicus revealed this gene has no intron. Function prediction suggested this protein seems to protect the stabilization of membrane structure and prevent macromolecular coagulation or sequestrate calcium ions by association or disassociation with membrane under low temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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22
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Benedict C, Skinner JS, Meng R, Chang Y, Bhalerao R, Huner NPA, Finn CE, Chen THH, Hurry V. The CBF1-dependent low temperature signalling pathway, regulon and increase in freeze tolerance are conserved in Populus spp. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2006; 29:1259-72. [PMID: 17080948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The meristematic tissues of temperate woody perennials must acclimate to freezing temperatures to survive the winter and resume growth the following year. To determine whether the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) family of transcription factors contributing to this process in annual herbaceous species also functions in woody perennials, we investigated the changes in phenotype and transcript profile of transgenic Populus constitutively expressing CBF1 from Arabidopsis (AtCBF1). Ectopic expression of AtCBF1 was sufficient to significantly increase the freezing tolerance of non-acclimated leaves and stems relative to wild-type plants. cDNA microarray experiments identified genes up-regulated by ectopic AtCBF1 expression in Populus, demonstrated a strong conservation of the CBF regulon between Populus and Arabidopsis and identified differences between leaf and stem regulons. We studied the induction kinetics and tissue specificity of four CBF paralogues identified from the Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa genome sequence (PtCBFs). All four PtCBFs are cold-inducible in leaves, but only PtCBF1 and PtCBF3 show significant induction in stems. Our results suggest that the central role played by the CBF family of transcriptional activators in cold acclimation of Arabidopsis has been maintained in Populus. However, the differential expression of the PtCBFs and differing clusters of CBF-responsive genes in annual (leaf) and perennial (stem) tissues suggest that the perennial-driven evolution of winter dormancy may have given rise to specific roles for these 'master-switches' in the different annual and perennial tissues of woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Benedict
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Nakaminami K, Sasaki K, Kajita S, Takeda H, Karlson D, Ohgi K, Imai R. Heat stable ssDNA/RNA-binding activity of a wheat cold shock domain protein. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4887-91. [PMID: 16109414 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cold-induced wheat WCSP1 protein belongs to the cold shock domain (CSD) protein family. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the CSD functions as a nucleic acid-binding domain. Here, we demonstrated that purified recombinant WCSP1 is boiling soluble and binds ss/dsDNA and mRNA. Furthermore, boiled-WCSP1 retained its characteristic nucleic acid-binding activity. A WCSP1 deletion mutant, containing only a CSD, lost ssDNA/RNA-binding activity; while a mutant containing the CSD and the first glycine-rich region (GR) displayed the activity. These data indicated that the first GR of WCSP1 is necessary for the binding activity but is not for the heat stability of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakaminami
- Winter Stress Laboratory, Department of Low Temperature Sciences, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, NARO, Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
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Syros T, Yupsanis T, Petkou D, Economou AS. Protein, leucine aminopeptidase, esterase, acid phosphatase and photosynthetic responses of oleander (Nerium oleander L.) during cold acclimation and freezing treatments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 162:886-94. [PMID: 16146314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Six-month-old oleander (Nerium oleander L.) pot plants, derived from vegetative propagation by cuttings, were tested for their ability to cold hardening. Damage of the non-acclimated (NA) plants was visible when treated by low freezing temperatures (below -2 degrees C). The responses of total proteins, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), esterase (EST) and acid phosphatase (ACP) isoforms of NA and cold-acclimated (CA; 4 degrees C for 14 days) plants were compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These molecular markers were also compared in NA and CA plants which received for 2h temperatures of 0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 degrees C. A new 38-kDa polypeptide appeared from day 7 to 14 during the acclimation treatment in the bark extracts and on day 14 in the leaf extracts. The above-mentioned polypeptide band (38 kDa) strongly appeared in all freezing treatments (0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 degrees C) in both bark and leaf extracts of the CA plants. Alterations in the number and the intensity of LAP and EST isoforms as well as in the intensity of ACP isoforms were observed in both bark and leaf of the CA oleander plants. A newly expressed EST isoform is proposed as biochemical marker for the cold acclimation treatment. CO2 assimilation rates (A) as well as transpiration rates (E) in NA plants were positive in 0 degrees C and negative in all temperatures below zero in the freezing treatments. In contrast, CO2 assimilation rates (A) and transpiration rates (E) were positive in CA plants in all temperatures of freezing treatment. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl a+b concentration and Chl a/b ratio were noticed in oleander plants during the acclimation treatment (from day 0 to 14), while Chl b concentration was unchanged at the respective time. On the other hand, no significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the freezing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Syros
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
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Puhakainen T, Li C, Boije-Malm M, Kangasjärvi J, Heino P, Palva ET. Short-day potentiation of low temperature-induced gene expression of a C-repeat-binding factor-controlled gene during cold acclimation in silver birch. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 136:4299-307. [PMID: 15563624 PMCID: PMC535859 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.047258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of winter hardiness in trees is a two-stage process involving sequential perception of distinct environmental cues, short-day (SD) photoperiod and low temperature (LT). We have shown that both SD and LT are recognized by leaves of silver birch (Betula pendula cv Roth) leading to increased freezing tolerance, and thus leaves can be used as an experimental model to study the physiological and molecular events taking place during cold acclimation. To obtain a molecular marker for the acclimation process in birch we cloned a gene, designated Bplti36, encoding a 36-kD acidic SK2 type of dehydrin. The gene was responsive to LT, drought, salt, and exogenous abscisic acid. This responsiveness to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid was retained when Bplti36 was introduced to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The LT induction of the gene appeared to be under the control of the C-repeat-binding factor pathway as suggested by the presence of several C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element/LT-responsive elements in the Bplti36 promoter and its constitutive expression in C-repeat-binding factor overproducing Arabidopsis. In birch SD photoperiod at normal-growth temperature did not result in significant induction of Bplti36. However, preexposure to SD followed by LT treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in Bplti36 transcript accumulation as compared to LT-treated plants grown at long-day photoperiod. This suggests that SD photoperiod potentiates the LT response by conditioning the leaf tissue to be more responsive to the LT stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Puhakainen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Marian CO, Krebs SL, Arora R. Dehydrin variability among rhododendron species: a 25-kDa dehydrin is conserved and associated with cold acclimation across diverse species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 161:773-780. [PMID: 33873716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2003.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Here we examine the accumulation pattern of dehydrins in non- vs cold-acclimated leaves of 21 species comprising two divergent groups of Rhododendron, Subgenus Hymenanthes and Subgenus Rhododendron. Individuals from five other Ericaceous genera were also evaluated in the same way. Quantitative comparisons of cold-inducibility of a 25-kDa dehydrin and cold acclimation ability in six Rhododendron species were also performed. • Leaf freezing tolerance assay and dehydrin detection and quantification were performed as previously described. • Eleven dehydrins, ranging from 25- to 73-kDa, were observed among the 21 species, and most were more abundant in winter-collected leaves than in summer-collected leaves. One dehydrin, a 25-kDa protein, was uniquely conserved across most (95%) of the species surveyed, and was absent only in R. brookeanum, a tropical species that may not be capable of cold acclimation. The 25-kDa dehydrin was also identified in Kalmia, a genus closely related to Rhododendron but not in four other less related Ericaceous genera. Comparison of dehydrin profiles in non- and cold-acclimated leaf tissue from six species (three very hardy, and three less hardy, species) indicated a close association (R2 = 0.95) between relative changes in leaf freezing tolerance and 25-kDa dehydrin accumulation. • The taxonomic and physiological comparisons suggest a central, but as yet unknown, function for the 25-kDa dehydrin in protecting rhododendron leaves from freezing injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin O Marian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Stephen L Krebs
- The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA
| | - Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Avice JC, Dily FL, Goulas E, Noquet C, Meuriot F, Volenec JJ, Cunningham SM, Sors TG, Dhont C, Castonguay Y, Nadeau P, Bélanger G, Chalifour FP, Ourry A. Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1139/b03-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In perennial forage legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), vegetative storage proteins are extensively mobilized to meet the nitrogen requirements of new shoot growth in spring or after cutting in summer. The 32-kDa alfalfa storage protein possesses high homology with class III chitinases, belonging to a group of pathogenesis-related proteins that possess antifreeze protein properties in some species and exhibit chitinolytic activity in vitro. This protein and the corresponding mRNA accumulate in taproots of cold-hardy culti vars during acclimation for winter, and in response to short-day conditions in controlled environments. The 17.3-kDa storage protein of white clover possesses high homology with pathogenesis-related proteins and abscisic- acid-responsive proteins from several legume species and has characteristics common to stress-responsive proteins. Low temperature enhances accumulation of this 17.3-kDa protein and its corresponding transcript. Exogenous abscisic acid stimulates the accumulation of vegetative storage proteins and their transcripts in both legume species. These observations suggest that vegetative storage proteins do not exclusively serve as nitrogen reserves during specific phases of legume development, but may play important adaptive roles in plant protection against abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogen attack) stresses.Key words: nitrogen reserves, vegetative storage proteins, regulation, cold tolerance, chitinase, pathogenesis-related proteins.
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Kozlowski TT, Pallardy SG. Acclimation and Adaptive Responses of Woody Plants to Environmental Stresses. THE BOTANICAL REVIEW 2002; 68:270-334. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0270:aaarow]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Ukaji N, Kuwabara C, Takezawa D, Arakawa K, Fujikawa S. Cold acclimation-induced WAP27 localized in endoplasmic reticulum in cortical parenchyma cells of mulberry tree was homologous to group 3 late-embryogenesis abundant proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 126:1588-97. [PMID: 11500557 PMCID: PMC117158 DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.4.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2000] [Revised: 02/13/2001] [Accepted: 04/25/2001] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that two 27-kD proteins, designated as WAP27A and WAP27B, were abundantly accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fractions isolated from cortical parenchyma cells of mulberry tree (Morus bombycis Koidz.) during winter (N. Ukaji, C. Kuwabara, D. Takezawa, K. Arakawa, S. Yoshida, S. Fujikawa [1999] Plant Physiol 120: 480--489). In the present study, cDNA clones encoding WAP27A and WAP27B were isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequences of WAP27A and WAP27B cDNAs had 12 repeats of an 11-mer amino acid motif that was the common feature of group 3 late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins. Under field conditions, transcripts of WAP27 genes were initially detected in mid-October, reached maximum level from mid-November to mid-December, and then gradually decreased. The transcript levels of WAP27 genes in cortical parenchyma cells harvested in October was drastically induced by cold treatment within a few days, whereas those in cortical parenchyma cells harvested in August were low even by cold treatment for 3 weeks. Immunocytochemical analysis by electron microscopy confirmed that WAP27 was localized specifically in vesicular-form ER and also localized in dehydration-induced multiplex lamellae-form ER. The role of WAP27 in the ER is discussed in relation to acquisition of freezing tolerance of cortical parenchyma cells in mulberry tree during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ukaji
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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30
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Nylander M, Svensson J, Palva ET, Welin BV. Stress-induced accumulation and tissue-specific localization of dehydrins in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 45:263-79. [PMID: 11292073 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006469128280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced accumulation of five (COR47, LTI29, ERD14, LTI30 and RAB18) and tissue localization of four (LTI29, ERD14, LTI30 and RAB18) dehydrins in Arabidopsis were characterized immunologically with protein-specific antibodies. The five dehydrins exhibited clear differences in their accumulation patterns in response to low temperature, ABA and salinity. ERD14 accumulated in unstressed plants, although the protein level was up-regulated by ABA, salinity and low temperature. LTI29 mainly accumulated in response to low temperature, but was also found in ABA- and salt-treated plants. LTI30 and COR47 accumulated primarily in response to low temperature, whereas RAB18 was only found in ABA-treated plants and was the only dehydrin in this study that accumulated in dry seeds. Immunohistochemical localization of LTI29, ERD14 and RAB18 demonstrated tissue and cell type specificity in unstressed plants. ERD14 was present in the vascular tissue and bordering parenchymal cells, LTI29 and ERD14 accumulated in the root tip, and RAB18 was localized to stomatal guard cells. LTI30 was not detected in unstressed plants. The localization of LTI29, ERD14 and RAB18 in stress-treated plants was not restricted to certain tissues or cell types. Instead these proteins accumulated in most cells, although cells within and surrounding the vascular tissue showed more intense staining. LTI30 accumulated primarily in vascular tissue and anthers of cold-treated plants. This study supports a physiological function for dehydrins in certain plant cells during optimal growth conditions and in most cell types during ABA or cold treatment. The differences in stress specificity and spatial distribution of dehydrins in Arabidopsis suggest a functional specialization for the members of this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nylander
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Genetic Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
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Richard S, Morency MJ, Drevet C, Jouanin L, Séguin A. Isolation and characterization of a dehydrin gene from white spruce induced upon wounding, drought and cold stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 43:1-10. [PMID: 10949369 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006453811911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding a dehydrin gene was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from white spruce (Picea glauca) needle mRNAs. The cDNA, designated PgDhn1, is 1159 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 735 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 245 residues. The PgDhn1 amino acid sequence is highly hydrophilic and possesses four conserved repeats of the characterized lysine-rich K-segment (EKKGIMD-KIKEKLPG), and an 8-serine residue stretch prior to the first lysine-rich repeat that is common to many dehydrins. The DEYGNP conserved motif is, however, absent in the PgDhn1 sequence. In unstressed plants, the highest level of transcripts was detected in stem tissue and not fully expanded vegetative buds. PgDhn1 expression was also clearly detected in reproductive buds, at various stages of development. The mRNAs corresponding to PgDhn1 cDNA were induced upon wounding and by jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) treatments. Upon drought stress, increased transcript accumulation was observed in needle tissue reaching a maximum level 48 h after treatment. Treatments of seedlings with abscisic acid or ethephon also resulted in high levels of transcript accumulation in needle tissue. Finally, cold induction of PgDhn1 transcripts was also detected as early as 8 h after treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Cold Temperature
- Cyclopentanes/pharmacology
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxylipins
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Plant/drug effects
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Stress, Mechanical
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Trees/genetics
- Trees/growth & development
- Water/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Richard
- Centre de recherche en biologie forestière, Pavillon C.-E.-Marchand, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Cellier F, Conéjéro G, Breitler JC, Casse F. Molecular and physiological responses to water deficit in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive lines of sunflower. Accumulation of dehydrin transcripts correlates with tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 116:319-28. [PMID: 9499218 PMCID: PMC35172 DOI: 10.1104/pp.116.1.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/1997] [Accepted: 10/10/1997] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate correlations between phenotypic adaptation to water limitation and drought-induced gene expression, we have studied a model system consisting of a drought-tolerant line (R1) and a drought-sensitive line (S1) of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) subjected to progressive drought. R1 tolerance is characterized by the maintenance of shoot cellular turgor. Drought-induced genes (HaElip1, HaDhn1, and HaDhn2) were previously identified in the tolerant line. The accumulation of the corresponding transcripts was compared as a function of soil and leaf water status in R1 and S1 plants during progressive drought. In leaves of R1 plants the accumulation of HaDhn1 and HaDhn2 transcripts, but not HaElip1 transcripts, was correlated with the drought-adaptive response. Drought-induced abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was not associated with the varietal difference in drought tolerance. Stomata of both lines displayed similar sensitivity to ABA. ABA-induced accumulation of HaDhn2 transcripts was higher in the tolerant than in the sensitive genotype. HaDhn1 transcripts were similarly accumulated in the tolerant and in the sensitive plants in response to ABA, suggesting that additional factors involved in drought regulation of HaDhn1 expression might exist in tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cellier
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpollier/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité de Recherche Associée no. 2133), Université
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Kemp R, Brennan R, Lanham PG, Slater R, Jones H. Cloning of cold-inducible dehydrin-like genes from the blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) using RT-PCR. Mol Biotechnol 1997; 7:99-102. [PMID: 9219224 DOI: 10.1007/bf02761745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the identification of conserved genes in one plant species by using sequence information on internal motifs from well-characterized clones from another species. This sequence information is used to design primers for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to design oligonucleotide probes to identify genuine positive amplification products. The approach was successfully used to clone cDNAs encoding cold-inducible dehydrin-like genes from the woody perennial blackcurrant, Ribes nigrum L. The strategy described can accelerate the cloning of heterologous cDNAs and is a convenient alternative to direct screening of cDNA libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kemp
- Department of Biosciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Ferullo JM, Vézina LP, Rail J, Laberge S, Nadeau P, Castonguay Y. Differential accumulation of two glycine-rich proteins during cold-acclimation alfalfa. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1997; 33:625-633. [PMID: 9132054 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005781301718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two mRNAs, MsaCiA and MsaCiB, encoding for proteins harboring glycine-rich motifs, accumulate in alfalfa during cold acclimation. Fusion polypeptides containing the amino acid sequences deduced from these mRNAs were produced in Escherichia coli and used to raise antibodies. Each antibody cross-reacted specifically with soluble polypeptides, MSACIA-32 and MSACIB, respectively. These polypeptides were detectable only in crowns of cold-acclimated plants, even though MsaCiA mRNA accumulated in both crows and leaves during cold acclimation. The analysis of parietal proteins showed that several MSACIA-related proteins, with a molecular mass of 32, 41 and 68 kDa, did accumulate in leaf cell walls and one of 59 kDa crown cell walls. This diversity is most probably due to a tissue-specific maturation of MSACIA. A discrepancy was found between the time-course of accumulation of MSACIB and the one of the corresponding transcript. These results indicate that timing and localization of MSACIA and MSACIB expression are different, and suggest that this differential expression involves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Comparisons made among six cultivars of contrasting freezing tolerance suggest that low tolerance could be explained by failure to accumulate proteins like MSACIA and MSACIB at a sufficient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ferullo
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Station de Recherches sur les sols et les grandes cultures, Ste-Foy, Québec
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Rinehart JA, Petersen MW, John ME. Tissue-specific and developmental regulation of cotton gene FbL2A. Demonstration of promoter activity in transgenic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1996; 112:1331-41. [PMID: 8938423 PMCID: PMC158061 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.3.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A gene (FbL2A) that is preferentially expressed in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv Sea Island) fiber was isolated and characterized. Genomic and cDNA analyses suggest multiple FbL2A genes in cotton. The gene is developmentally regulated and is activated during late primary and early secondary wall synthesis stages. FbL2A encodes a polypeptide of 43.4 kD and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.97. The nucleotide-derived protein is highly hydrophilic except for a hydrophobic N terminus and has a compositional bias for glutamic acid (26.3 mol%) and lysine (18.9 mol%). Sixty-two percent of the putative protein is composed of repeat motifs. A 55-amino-acid peptide region is repeated four times in a concatenate fashion within the protein. The function of the protein in the fiber cells is not known. A 2.3-kb DNA fragment 5' from the FbL2A gene is shown to direct expression of heterologous proteins in transgenic cotton in a fiber-specific and developmentally regulated fashion. The FbL2A promoter was used to express in transgenic cotton genes encoding acetoacetyl-coenzyme A reductase and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase, which are involved in the synthesis of the thermoplastic polymer polyhydroxybutyric acid. Transgenic plants containing both enzymes produced polyhydroxybutyric acid in fiber. Thus, the FbL2A promoter is useful in genetic engineering schemes to modify cotton fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rinehart
- Fiber Technology Division, Agracetus, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, USA
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