1
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Gai W, Liu C, Yang M, Li F, Xin H, Gai S. Calcium signaling facilitates chilling- and GA- induced dormancy release in tree peony. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1362804. [PMID: 38567129 PMCID: PMC10985203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Calcium plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, yet little is known about its function in endodormancy regulation. Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), characterized by compound buds and large flowers, is well-known for its ornamental and medicinal value. To break bud dormancy release is a prerequisite of flowering and forcing culture, particularly during the Spring Festival. In this study, the Ca2+ chelator EGTA and Ca2+ channel blocker LaCl3 were applied, resulting in a significant delay in budburst during both chilling- and gibberellin (GA)- induced dormancy release in a dosage-dependent manner. As expected, the retardation of bud break was recovered by the supplementation of 30 mM CaCl2, indicating a facilitating role of calcium in dormancy release. Accordingly, several calcium-sensor-encoding genes including Calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) were significantly up-regulated by prolonged chilling and exogenous GAs. Ultrastructure observations revealed a decline in starch grains and the reopening of transport corridors following prolonged chilling. Calcium deposits were abundant in the cell walls and intercellular spaces at the early dormant stage but were enriched in the cytosol and nucleus before dormancy release. Additionally, several genes associated with dormancy release, including EBB1, EBB3, SVP, GA20ox, RGL1, BG6, and BG9, were differentially expressed after calcium blocking and recovery treatments, indicating that calcium might partially modulate dormancy release through GA and ABA pathways. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of dormancy release and offer potential benefits for improving and perfecting forcing culture technology in tree peonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Gai
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Xin
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shupeng Gai
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Shi L, Wang L, Li W. Interaction of Phytohormones and External Environmental Factors in the Regulation of the Bud Dormancy in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17200. [PMID: 38139028 PMCID: PMC10743443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy and release are essential phenomena that greatly assist in adapting to adverse growing conditions and promoting the holistic growth and development of perennial plants. The dormancy and release process of buds in temperate perennial trees involves complex interactions between physiological and biochemical processes influenced by various environmental factors, representing a meticulously orchestrated life cycle. In this review, we summarize the role of phytohormones and their crosstalk in the establishment and release of bud dormancy. External environmental factors, such as light and temperature, play a crucial role in regulating bud germination. We also highlight the mechanisms of how light and temperature are involved in the regulation of bud dormancy by modulating phytohormones. Moreover, the role of nutrient factors, including sugar, in regulating bud dormancy is also discussed. This review provides a foundation for enhancing our understanding of plant growth and development patterns, fostering agricultural production, and exploring plant adaptive responses to adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weixing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.C.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (L.W.)
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3
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Sapkota S, Salem M, Jahed KR, Artlip TS, Sherif SM. From endodormancy to ecodormancy: the transcriptional landscape of apple floral buds. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1194244. [PMID: 37521930 PMCID: PMC10375413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study endeavors to explore the transcriptomic profiles of two apple cultivars, namely, 'Honeycrisp' and 'Cripps Pink,' which represent late and early-blooming cultivars, respectively. Using RNA-sequencing technology, we analyzed floral bud samples collected at five distinct time intervals during both endodormancy and ecodormancy. To evaluate the transcriptomic profiles of the 30 sequenced samples, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA). PC1 explained 43% of the variance, separating endodormancy and ecodormancy periods, while PC2 explained 16% of the variance, separating the two cultivars. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with endodormancy progression and remained elevated during ecodormancy. The majority of DEGs were unique to a particular time point, with only a few overlapping among or between the time points. This highlights the temporal specificity of gene expression during the dormancy transition and emphasizes the importance of sampling at multiple time points to capture the complete transcriptomic dynamics of this intricate process. We identified a total of 4204 upregulated and 7817 downregulated DEGs in the comparison of endodormancy and ecodormancy, regardless of cultivar, and 2135 upregulated and 2413 downregulated DEGs in the comparison of 'Honeycrisp' versus 'Cripps Pink,' regardless of dormancy stage. Furthermore, we conducted a co-expression network analysis to gain insight into the coordinated gene expression profiles across different time points, dormancy stages, and cultivars. This analysis revealed the most significant module (ME 14), correlated with 1000 GDH and consisting of 1162 genes. The expression of the genes within this module was lower in 'Honeycrisp' than in 'Cripps Pink.' The top 20 DEGs identified in ME 14 were primarily related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, lipid metabolism, oxidation-reduction, and transmembrane transport activity. This suggests a plausible role for these pathways in governing bud dormancy and flowering time in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Sapkota
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Khalil R. Jahed
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
| | - Timothy S. Artlip
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
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4
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Li R, Ma R, Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Zong Y, Zhu Y, Chen W, Li Y, Guo W. A Study of the Molecular Regulatory Network of VcTCP18 during Blueberry Bud Dormancy. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37514210 PMCID: PMC10385817 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BRANCHED1 (BRC1) is a crucial member of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) gene family and is well known for playing a central role in shoot branching by controlling buds' paradormancy. However, the expression characteristics and molecular regulatory mechanism of BRC1 during blueberry bud dormancy are unclear. To shed light on these topics, shoots of three blueberry cultivars with different chilling requirements (CRs) were decapitated in summer to induce paradormancy release and subjected to different levels of chilling in winter to induce endodormancy release. The results showed that the high-CR cultivar 'Chandler' had the strongest apical dominance among the three cultivars; additionally, the expression of VcTCP18, which is homologous to BRC1, was the highest under both the decapitation treatment and low-temperature treatment. The 'Emerald' cultivar, with a low CR, demonstrated the opposite trend. These findings suggest that VcTCP18 plays a negative regulatory role in bud break and that there may be a correlation between the CR and tree shape. Through yeast 1-hybrid (Y1H) assays, we finally screened 21 upstream regulatory genes, including eight transcription factors: zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1/4/5/9, MYB4, AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), ASIL2-like, and bHLH035. It was found that these upstream regulatory genes positively or negatively regulated the expression of VcTCP18 based on the transcriptome expression profile. In summary, this study enriched our understanding of the regulatory network of BRCl during bud dormancy and provided new insights into the function of BRC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yu Zong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Youyin Zhu
- School of Agricultural, Jinhua Polytechinc, Jinhua 321007, China
| | - Wenrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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5
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Yamane H, Andrés F, Bai S, Luedeling E, Or E. Editorial: Environmental and molecular control of bud dormancy and bud break in woody perennials: An integrative approach. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1104108. [PMID: 36909431 PMCID: PMC9994618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fernando Andrés
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China
| | - Eike Luedeling
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Etti Or
- Department of fruit tree sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel
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6
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Yang Q, Wu X, Gao Y, Ni J, Li J, Pei Z, Bai S, Teng Y. PpyABF3 recruits the COMPASS-like complex to regulate bud dormancy maintenance via integrating ABA signaling and GA catabolism. New Phytol 2023; 237:192-203. [PMID: 36151925 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is essential for perennial trees that survive the cold winters and to flower on time in the following spring. Histone modifications have been reported to be involved in the control of the dormancy cycle and DAM/SVPs are considered targets. However, how the histone modification marks are added to the specific gene loci during bud dormancy cycle is still unknown. Using yeast-two hybrid library screening and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we found that PpyABF3, a key protein regulating bud dormancy, recruits Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1-like complex via interacting with PpyWDR5a, which increases the H3K4me3 deposition at DAM4 locus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that PpyGA2OX1 was downstream gene of PpyABF3 and it was also activated by H3K4me3 deposition. Silencing of GA2OX1 in pear calli and pear buds resulted in a similar phenotype with silencing of ABF3. Furthermore, overexpression of PpyWDR5a increased H3K4me3 levels at DAM4 and GA2OX1 loci and inhibited the growth of pear calli, whereas silencing of PpyWDR5a in pear buds resulted in a higher bud-break percentage. Our findings provide new insights into how H3K4me3 marks are added to dormancy-related genes in perennial woody plants and reveal a novel mechanism by which ABF3 integrates abscisic acid signaling and gibberellic acid catabolism during bud dormancy maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ziqi Pei
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
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7
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Canton M, Forestan C, Marconi G, Carrera E, Bonghi C, Varotto S. Evidence of chromatin and transcriptional dynamics for cold development in peach flower bud. New Phytol 2022; 236:974-988. [PMID: 35860865 PMCID: PMC9804738 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In temperate zones, fruit trees regulate their annual growth cycle to seasonal environmental changes. During the cold season, growth is limited by both environmental and genetic factors. After the exposure to low temperature and fulfillment of chilling requirements, mild temperatures promote the growth and flowering. However, an insufficient chilling exposure may lead to nonuniform blooming, with a negative impact on fruit set. To gain insights into flower development in the fruit tree buds, peach is an interesting model, the flower and vegetative bud being distinct organs. To understand how flower bud development is regulated, we integrated cytological observations and epigenetic and chromatin genome-wide data with transcriptional changes to identify the main regulatory factors involved in flower development during chilling accumulation. We demonstrated that growth cessation does not occur in peach flower buds during chilling accumulation, but that there are changes in transcript abundance of key genes of hormone metabolism and flower bud development, distribution of histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) and DNA methylation. Altogether, our findings indicate that during the cold season the flower bud is in a nondormant state and that the chilling experience allows flower differentiation to be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Canton
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) AgripolisUniversity of Padova35020LegnaroPDItaly
| | - Cristian Forestan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL)University of Bologna40127BolognaBOItaly
| | - Gianpiero Marconi
- Department Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Perugia06121PerugiaItaly
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biologıa Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)Universidad Politecnica de Valencia‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (CSIC)ValenciaSpain
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) AgripolisUniversity of Padova35020LegnaroPDItaly
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) AgripolisUniversity of Padova35020LegnaroPDItaly
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8
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Chen W, Tamada Y, Yamane H, Matsushita M, Osako Y, Gao-Takai M, Luo Z, Tao R. H3K4me3 plays a key role in establishing permissive chromatin states during bud dormancy and bud break in apple. Plant J 2022; 111:1015-1031. [PMID: 35699670 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy helps woody perennials survive winter and activate robust plant development in the spring. For apple (Malus × domestica), short-term chilling induces bud dormancy in autumn, then prolonged chilling leads to dormancy release and a shift to a quiescent state in winter, with subsequent warm periods promoting bud break in spring. Epigenetic regulation contributes to seasonal responses such as vernalization. However, how histone modifications integrate seasonal cues and internal signals during bud dormancy in woody perennials remains largely unknown. Here, we show that H3K4me3 plays a key role in establishing permissive chromatin states during bud dormancy and bud break in apple. The global changes in gene expression strongly correlated with changes in H3K4me3, but not H3K27me3. High expression of DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes, key regulators of dormancy, in autumn was associated with high H3K4me3 levels. In addition, known DAM/SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) target genes significantly overlapped with H3K4me3-modified genes as bud dormancy progressed. These data suggest that H3K4me3 contributes to the central dormancy circuit, consisting of DAM/SVP and abscisic acid (ABA), in autumn. In winter, the lower expression and H3K4me3 levels at DAMs and gibberellin metabolism genes control chilling-induced release of dormancy. Warming conditions in spring facilitate the expression of genes related to phytohormones, the cell cycle, and cell wall modification by increasing H3K4me3 toward bud break. Our study also revealed that activation of auxin and repression of ABA sensitivity in spring are conditioned at least partly through temperature-mediated epigenetic regulation in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Chen
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Miura-gun, Japan
| | - Hisayo Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yutaro Osako
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina-gun, Japan
| | - Mei Gao-Takai
- Agricultural Experimental Station, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ryutaro Tao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Park SJ, Bae EK, Choi H, Yoon SK, Jang HA, Choi YI, Lee H. Knockdown of PagSAP11 Confers Drought Resistance and Promotes Lateral Shoot Growth in Hybrid Poplar ( Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:925744. [PMID: 35812954 PMCID: PMC9263715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved defense mechanisms to overcome unfavorable climatic conditions. The growth and development of plants are regulated in response to environmental stress. In this study, we investigated the molecular and physiological characteristics of a novel gene PagSAP11 in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa) under drought stress. PagSAP11, a stress-associated protein (SAP) family gene, encodes a putative protein containing an A20 and AN1 zinc-finger domain at its N- and C-termini, respectively. Knockdown of PagSAP11 transgenic poplars (SAP11-Ri) enhanced their tolerance to drought stress compared with wild type plants. Moreover, the RNAi lines showed increased branching of lateral shoots that led to a gain in fresh weight, even when grown in the living modified organism (LMO) field. In SAP11-Ri transgenic plants, the expression levels of genes involved in axillary bud outgrowth and cell proliferation such as DML10, CYP707A and RAX were increased while the DRM gene which involved in bud dormancy was down-regulated. Taken together, these results indicate that PagSAP11 represents a promising candidate gene for engineering trees with improved stress tolerance and growth during unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Park
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyunmo Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seo-Kyung Yoon
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-A Jang
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Im Choi
- National Forest Seed and Variety Center, Forest Service, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hyoshin Lee
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
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10
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Liu J, Islam MT, Laliberte S, Haak DC, Sherif SM. Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach ( Prunus Persica). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6801. [PMID: 35743242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on tree health. Little knowledge is available regarding the mechanism of how ET shifts dormancy and flowering phenology in peach. This study aimed to further characterize the dormancy regulation network at the transcriptional level by profiling the gene expression of dormant peach buds from ET-treated and untreated trees using RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that ET triggered stress responses during endodormancy, delaying biological processes related to cell division and intercellular transportation, which are essential for the floral organ development. During ecodormancy, ET mainly impeded pathways related to antioxidants and cell wall formation, both of which are closely associated with dormancy release and budburst. In contrast, the expression of dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes remained relatively unaffected by ET, suggesting their conserved nature. The findings of this study signify the importance of floral organogenesis during dormancy and shed light on several key processes that are subject to the influence of ET, therefore opening up new avenues for the development of effective strategies to mitigate frost risks.
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11
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Malyshev AV, van der Maaten E, Garthen A, Maß D, Schwabe M, Kreyling J. Inter-Individual Budburst Variation in Fagus sylvatica Is Driven by Warming Rate. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:853521. [PMID: 35498678 PMCID: PMC9044039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The onset of the growing season in temperate forests is relevant for forest ecology and biogeochemistry and is known to occur earlier with climate change. Variation in tree phenology among individual trees of the same stand and species, however, is not well understood. Yet, natural selection acts on this inter-individual variation, which consequently affects the adaptive potential to ongoing environmental changes. Budburst dates of 146 mature individuals of Fagus sylvatica, the dominant natural forest tree of central Europe, were recorded over 12 years in one forest stand of 1 ha in the Müritz National Park, Germany. The tree-specific location, topographical differences, as well as social status, were measured to explain the inter-individual variation in budburst. Furthermore, inter-individual differences in bud dormancy were quantified. Additional phenology and weather data across Germany from 405 sites over a 25-year period was used to put the insights from the single stand into perspective. Consistent phenological ranking over the years with respect to early and late flushing trees was observed within the single forest stand, with 23 trees consistently flushing 3-6 days earlier and 22 trees consistently flushing 3-10 days later than the median. Trees flushing consistently early varied most in their spring budburst dates and were less dormant than late-flushing trees already in mid-winter. The higher variation in earlier flushing trees was best explained by a slower warming rate during their budburst period in the observed stand as well as across Germany. Likewise, years with a lower warming rate during the budburst period were more variable in budburst dates. The rate of warming during spring time is crucial to accurately project future within-species variation and the resulting adaptive potential in spring phenology of dominant forest tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Malyshev
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Chair of Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aron Garthen
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dennis Maß
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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12
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Velappan Y, Chabikwa TG, Considine JA, Agudelo-Romero P, Foyer CH, Signorelli S, Considine MJ. The bud dormancy disconnect: latent buds of grapevine are dormant during summer despite a high metabolic rate. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2061-2076. [PMID: 35022731 PMCID: PMC8982382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) displays wide plasticity to climate; however, the physiology of dormancy along a seasonal continuum is poorly understood. Here we investigated the apparent disconnect between dormancy and the underlying respiratory physiology and transcriptome of grapevine buds, from bud set in summer to bud burst in spring. The establishment of dormancy in summer was pronounced and reproducible; however, this was coupled with little or no change in physiology, indicated by respiration, hydration, and tissue oxygen tension. The release of dormancy was biphasic; the depth of dormancy declined substantially by mid-autumn, while the subsequent decline towards spring was moderate. Observed changes in physiology failed to explain the first phase of dormancy decline, in particular. Transcriptome data contrasting development from summer through to spring also indicated that dormancy was poorly reflected by metabolic quiescence during summer and autumn. Gene Ontology and enrichment data revealed the prevailing influence of abscisic acid (ABA)-related gene expression during the transition from summer to autumn, and promoter motif analysis suggested that photoperiod may play an important role in regulating ABA functions during the establishment of dormancy. Transcriptomic data from later transitions reinforced the importance of oxidation and hypoxia as physiological cues to regulate the maintenance of quiescence and resumption of growth. Collectively these data reveal a novel disconnect between growth and metabolic quiescence in grapevine following bud set, which requires further experimentation to explain the phenology and dormancy relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhini Velappan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Present address: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - John A Considine
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Present address: Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 12900, Uruguay
| | - Michael J Considine
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and the School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Correspondence:
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13
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del Barrio RA, Orioli GA, Brendel AS, Lindström LI, Pellegrini CN, Campoy JA. Persian Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Bud Dormancy Dynamics in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:803878. [PMID: 35185955 PMCID: PMC8850472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.803878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperate deciduous fruit trees survive winter temperatures by entering a dormant phase in their aerial meristematic organs. Release from bud dormancy occurs after chill requirements (CR) have been satisfied, whereas bud burst/flowering follows heat requirement (HR) fulfillment. The physiological basis behind these metrics remains elusive. In this study, we are presenting the first multidisciplinary dormancy progression analysis in northern Patagonia, linking (1) forcing/field phenology, (2) bud anatomical development, and (3) soluble sugar (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) dynamics in Juglans regia L. CR and HR were determined for 'Chandler' and 'Franquette,' two walnut cultivars with markedly different CR, in artificial chill/forced heat trials (three seasons) and in-field chill/forced heat tests (five seasons) using excised twigs either with or without apical buds (non-decapitated and decapitated). The soluble sugar dynamics of 'Chandler' (high-performance liquid chromatography) and the anatomical changes of the buds (light microscopy) of the two cultivars were analyzed during endo-ecodormancy progression in one and two seasons, respectively. The CR defined by artificial chill tests proved to be an overestimation compared to the field determinations. Moreover, HR was the main driver in the phenology dynamics, as expected for a high-chill region. 'Chandler' showed an average of 10.3 field chill portions (CP) and 2,163 Growing Degree Hours (GDH°C) less than 'Franquette' for dormancy release and bud burst, respectively. These results were consistent with the transition of the shoot apex from the vegetative to the reproductive phase and the soluble sugar profile. The decrease in sucrose between 15 and 30 days after CR fulfillment could be a reliable biological marker for endodormancy release in walnut, while the increase in fructose and glucose is likely an osmolyte and cellulosic carbon source in pre-sprouting. In addition, we discuss the effect of paradormancy thanks to our apical bud experiment (with or without). Our results improve the current understanding of endo-ecodormancy progression in walnut and provide insightful results for walnut production (i.e., cultivation practices such as pruning) as well as for further application in dormancy modeling, to infer the ideotypes that should be bred for future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José Antonio Campoy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Villenave-d’Ornon, France
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Fang ZZ, Lin-Wang K, Dai H, Zhou DR, Jiang CC, Espley RV, Deng C, Lin YJ, Pan SL, Ye XF. The genome of low-chill Chinese plum 'Sanyueli' (Prunus salicina Lindl.) provides insights into the regulation of the chilling requirement of flower buds. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:1919-1938. [PMID: 35032338 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a stone fruit that belongs to the Prunus genus and plays an important role in the global production of plum. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the Chinese plum 'Sanyueli', which is known to have a low-chill requirement for flower bud break. The assembled genome size was 282.38 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.37 Mb. Over 99% of the assembly was anchored to eight pseudochromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 34.46Mb. A total of 29,708 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome and 46.85% (132.32 Mb) of the genome was annotated as repetitive sequence. Bud dormancy is influenced by chilling requirement in plum and partly controlled by DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes. Six tandemly arrayed PsDAM genes were identified in the assembled genome. Sequence analysis of PsDAM6 in 'Sanyueli' revealed the presence of large insertions in the intron and exon regions. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression of PsDAM6 in the dormant flower buds of 'Sanyueli' was significantly lower than that in the dormant flower buds of the high chill requiring 'Furongli' plum. In addition, the expression of PsDAM6 was repressed by chilling treatment. The genome sequence of 'Sanyueli' plum provides a valuable resource for elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of chilling requirements, and it is also useful for the identification of the genes involved in the control of other important agronomic traits and molecular breeding in plum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - He Dai
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Dan-Rong Zhou
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Cui-Cui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Yan-Juan Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Shao-Lin Pan
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Xin-Fu Ye
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
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15
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da Silveira Falavigna V, Severing E, Lai X, Estevan J, Farrera I, Hugouvieux V, Revers LF, Zubieta C, Coupland G, Costes E, Andrés F. Unraveling the role of MADS transcription factor complexes in apple tree dormancy. New Phytol 2021; 232:2071-2088. [PMID: 34480759 PMCID: PMC9292984 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A group of MADS transcription factors (TFs) are believed to control temperature-mediated bud dormancy. These TFs, called DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM), are encoded by genes similar to SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) from Arabidopsis. MADS proteins form transcriptional complexes whose combinatory composition defines their molecular function. However, how MADS multimeric complexes control the dormancy cycle in trees is unclear. Apple MdDAM and other dormancy-related MADS proteins form complexes with MdSVPa, which is essential for the ability of transcriptional complexes to bind to DNA. Sequential DNA-affinity purification sequencing (seq-DAP-seq) was performed to identify the genome-wide binding sites of apple MADS TF complexes. Target genes associated with the binding sites were identified by combining seq-DAP-seq data with transcriptomics datasets obtained using a glucocorticoid receptor fusion system, and RNA-seq data related to apple dormancy. We describe a gene regulatory network (GRN) formed by MdSVPa-containing complexes, which regulate the dormancy cycle in response to environmental cues and hormonal signaling pathways. Additionally, novel molecular evidence regarding the evolutionary functional segregation between DAM and SVP proteins in the Rosaceae is presented. MdSVPa sequentially forms complexes with the MADS TFs that predominate at each dormancy phase, altering its DNA-binding specificity and, therefore, the transcriptional regulation of its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- UMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroF‐34398MontpellierFrance
- Department of Plant Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research50829CologneGermany
| | - Edouard Severing
- Department of Plant Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research50829CologneGermany
| | - Xuelei Lai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et VégétaleUniversité Grenoble‐AlpesCNRSCEAINRAEIRIG‐DBSCI38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Joan Estevan
- UMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroF‐34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Isabelle Farrera
- UMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroF‐34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Véronique Hugouvieux
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et VégétaleUniversité Grenoble‐AlpesCNRSCEAINRAEIRIG‐DBSCI38000GrenobleFrance
| | | | - Chloe Zubieta
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et VégétaleUniversité Grenoble‐AlpesCNRSCEAINRAEIRIG‐DBSCI38000GrenobleFrance
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Plant Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research50829CologneGermany
| | - Evelyne Costes
- UMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroF‐34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Fernando Andrés
- UMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroF‐34398MontpellierFrance
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16
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Wu K, Duan X, Zhu Z, Sang Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Jia Z, Ma L. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Positive Role of Abscisic Acid in Endodormancy Maintenance of Leaf Buds of Magnolia wufengensis. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:742504. [PMID: 34858449 PMCID: PMC8632151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.742504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae) is a deciduous landscape species, known for its ornamental value with uniquely shaped and coloured tepals. The species has been introduced to many cities in south China, but low temperatures limit the expansion of this species in cold regions. Bud dormancy is critical for plants to survive in cold environments during the winter. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of leaf buds using RNA sequencing and compared their gene expression during endodormancy, endodormancy release, and ecodormancy. A total of 187,406 unigenes were generated with an average length of 621.82 bp (N50 = 895 bp). In the transcriptomic analysis, differentially expressed genes involved in metabolism and signal transduction of hormones especially abscisic acid (ABA) were substantially annotated during dormancy transition. Our results showed that ABA at a concentration of 100 μM promoted dormancy maintenance in buds of M. wufengensis. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signalling pathway was analysed by qPCR. We found that the expression of MwCYP707A-1-2 was consistent with ABA content and the dormancy transition phase, indicating that MwCYP707A-1-2 played a role in endodormancy release. In addition, the upregulation of MwCBF1 during dormancy release highlighted the enhancement of cold resistance. This study provides new insights into the cold tolerance of M. wufengensis in the winter from bud dormancy based on RNA-sequencing and offers fundamental data for further research on breeding improvement of M. wufengensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjing Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Duan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forestry Science Research Institute of Wufeng County, Yichang, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Forestry, Engineering Technology Research Center of Pinus tabuliformis of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyi Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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17
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Beil I, Kreyling J, Meyer C, Lemcke N, Malyshev AV. Late to bed, late to rise-Warmer autumn temperatures delay spring phenology by delaying dormancy. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5806-5817. [PMID: 34431180 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spring phenology of temperate forest trees has advanced substantially over the last decades due to climate warming, but this advancement is slowing down despite continuous temperature rise. The decline in spring advancement is often attributed to winter warming, which could reduce chilling and thus delay dormancy release. However, mechanistic evidence of a phenological response to warmer winter temperatures is missing. We aimed to understand the contrasting effects of warming on plants leaf phenology and to disentangle temperature effects during different seasons. With a series of monthly experimental warming by ca. 2.4°C from late summer until spring, we quantified phenological responses of forest tree to warming for each month separately, using seedlings of four common European tree species. To reveal the underlying mechanism, we tracked the development of dormancy depth under ambient conditions as well as directly after each experimental warming. In addition, we quantified the temperature response of leaf senescence. As expected, warmer spring temperatures led to earlier leaf-out. The advancing effect of warming started already in January and increased towards the time of flushing, reaching 2.5 days/°C. Most interestingly, however, warming in October had the opposite effect and delayed spring phenology by 2.4 days/°C on average; despite six months between the warming and the flushing. The switch between the delaying and advancing effect occurred already in December. We conclude that not warmer winters but rather the shortening of winter, i.e., warming in autumn, is a major reason for the decline in spring phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Beil
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Meyer
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Lemcke
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrey V Malyshev
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Pan W, Liang J, Sui J, Li J, Liu C, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yi M, Gazzarrini S, Wu J. ABA and Bud Dormancy in Perennials: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101635. [PMID: 34681029 PMCID: PMC8536057 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an evolved trait that confers adaptation to harsh environments, and affects flower differentiation, crop yield and vegetative growth in perennials. ABA is a stress hormone and a major regulator of dormancy. Although the physiology of bud dormancy is complex, several advancements have been achieved in this field recently by using genetics, omics and bioinformatics methods. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of ABA and environmental signals, as well as the interplay of other hormones and sucrose, in the regulation of this process. We also discuss emerging potential mechanisms in this physiological process, including epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Juanjuan Sui
- Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China;
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Sapkota S, Liu J, Islam MT, Sherif SM. Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Relation to Dormancy Transition and Bud Break in Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh) Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1549. [PMID: 34679683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biochemical mechanisms underlying bud dormancy and bloom time regulation in deciduous woody perennials is critical for devising effective strategies to protect these species from spring frost damage. This study investigated the accumulation profiles of carbohydrates, ROS and antioxidants during dormancy in ‘Cripps Pink’ and ‘Honeycrisp’, two apple cultivars representing the early and late bloom cultivars, respectively. Our data showed that starch levels generally declined during dormancy, whereas soluble sugars increased. However, the present study did not record significant alternations in the carbohydrate accumulation profiles between the two cultivars that could account for the differences in their bloom dates. On the other hand, H2O2 accumulation patterns revealed an apparent correlation with the dormancy stage and bloom dates in both cultivars; peaking early in the early-blooming cultivar, sustaining high levels for a longer time in the late-blooming cultivars, and fading by the time of bud burst in both cultivars. Also, the redox balance during dormancy appeared to be maintained mainly by catalase and, to a lesser extent, by glutathione (GSH). Overall, the present study concludes that differences in ROS and the bud redox balance could, at least partially, explain the differences in dormancy duration and bloom date among apple cultivars.
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20
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Sankoh AF, Burch-Smith TM. Plasmodesmata and hormones: pathways for plant development. Am J Bot 2021; 108:1580-1583. [PMID: 34580857 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amie F Sankoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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21
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Penfield S, Warner S, Wilkinson L. Molecular responses to chilling in a warming climate and their impacts on plant reproductive development and yield. J Exp Bot 2021:erab375. [PMID: 34409451 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responses to prolonged winter chilling are universal in temperate plants which use seasonal temperature cues in the seed, vegetative and reproductive phases to align development with the earth's orbit. Climate change is driving a decline in reliable winter chill and affecting the sub-tropical extent of cultivation for temperate over-wintering crops. Here we explore molecular aspects of plant responses to winter chill including seasonal bud break and flowering, and how variation in the intensity of winter chilling or de-vernalisation can lead to effects on post-chilling plant development, including that of structures necessary for crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Penfield
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Samuel Warner
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura Wilkinson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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22
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Liu J, Islam MT, Sapkota S, Ravindran P, Kumar PP, Artlip TS, Sherif SM. Ethylene-Mediated Modulation of Bud Phenology, Cold Hardiness, and Hormone Biosynthesis in Peach ( Prunus persica). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10071266. [PMID: 34206266 PMCID: PMC8309013 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spring frosts exacerbated by global climate change have become a constant threat to temperate fruit production. Delaying the bloom date by plant growth regulators (PGRs) has been proposed as a practical frost avoidance strategy. Ethephon is an ethylene-releasing PGR found to delay bloom in several fruit species, yet its use is often coupled with harmful effects, limiting its applicability in commercial tree fruit production. Little information is available regarding the mechanisms by which ethephon influences blooming and bud dormancy. This study investigated the effects of fall-applied ethephon on bud phenology, cold hardiness, and hormonal balance throughout the bud dormancy cycle in peach. Our findings concluded that ethephon could alter several significant aspects of peach bud physiology, including accelerated leaf fall, extended chilling accumulation period, increased heat requirements, improved cold hardiness, and delayed bloom date. Ethephon effects on these traits were primarily dependent on its concentration and application timing, with a high concentration (500 ppm) and an early application timing (10% leaf fall) being the most effective. Endogenous ethylene levels were induced significantly in the buds when ethephon was applied at 10% versus 90% leaf fall, indicating that leaves are essential for ethephon uptake. The hormonal analysis of buds at regular intervals of chilling hours (CH) and growing degree hours (GDH) also indicated that ethephon might exert its effects through an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent way in dormant buds. Instead, our data signifies the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in mediating budburst and bloom in peach, which also appears to be influenced by ethephon treatment. Overall, this research presents a new perspective in interpreting horticultural traits in the light of biochemical and molecular data and sheds light on the potential role of JA in bud dormancy, which deserves further attention in future studies that aim at mitigating spring frosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Winchester, VA 22602, USA; (J.L.); (M.T.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Md Tabibul Islam
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Winchester, VA 22602, USA; (J.L.); (M.T.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Sangeeta Sapkota
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Winchester, VA 22602, USA; (J.L.); (M.T.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Pratibha Ravindran
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (P.R.); (P.P.K.)
| | - Prakash P. Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (P.R.); (P.P.K.)
| | - Timothy S. Artlip
- Apple Biotechnology, USDA-ARS-Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA;
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Winchester, VA 22602, USA; (J.L.); (M.T.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-232-6035
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23
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Hiers QA, Treadwell ML, Dickinson MB, Kavanagh KL, Lodge AG, Starns HD, Tolleson DR, Twidwell D, Wonkka CL, Rogers WE. Grass bud responses to fire in a semiarid savanna system. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6620-6633. [PMID: 34141245 PMCID: PMC8207346 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, land managers have attempted to use extreme prescribed fire as a method to address woody plant encroachment in savanna ecosystems. The effect that these fires have on herbaceous vegetation is poorly understood. We experimentally examined immediate (<24 hr) bud response of two dominant graminoids, a C3 caespitose grass, Nassella leucotricha, and a C4 stoloniferous grass, Hilaria belangeri, following fires of varying energy (J/m2) in a semiarid savanna in the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas. Treatments included high- and low-energy fires determined by contrasting fuel loading and a no burn (control) treatment. Belowground axillary buds were counted and their activities classified to determine immediate effects of fire energy on bud activity, dormancy, and mortality. High-energy burns resulted in immediate mortality of N. leucotricha and H. belangeri buds (p < .05). Active buds decreased following high-energy and low-energy burns for both species (p < .05). In contrast, bud activity, dormancy, and mortality remained constant in the control. In the high-energy treatment, 100% (n = 24) of N. leucotricha individuals resprouted while only 25% (n = 24) of H. belangeri individuals resprouted (p < .0001) 3 weeks following treatment application. Bud depths differed between species and may account for this divergence, with average bud depths for N. leucotricha 1.3 cm deeper than H. belangeri (p < .0001). Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that fire energy directly affects bud activity and mortality through soil heating for these two species. It is imperative to understand how fire energy impacts the bud banks of grasses to better predict grass response to increased use of extreme prescribed fire in land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A. Hiers
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Morgan L. Treadwell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Department Rangeland, Wildlife, and Fisheries ManagementTexas A&M AgriLife ExtensionSan AngeloTXUSA
| | | | | | - Alexandra G. Lodge
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Heath D. Starns
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Department Rangeland, Wildlife, and Fisheries ManagementTexas A&M AgriLife ExtensionSan AngeloTXUSA
| | - Doug R. Tolleson
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Department Rangeland, Wildlife, and Fisheries ManagementTexas A&M AgriLife ExtensionSan AngeloTXUSA
| | - Dirac Twidwell
- Department of Agronomy and HorticultureUniversity of Nebraska at LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Carissa L. Wonkka
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Department of Agronomy and HorticultureUniversity of Nebraska at LincolnLincolnNEUSA
- Present address:
USDA ARSNorthern Plains Agricultural Research LabSidneyMTUSA
| | - William E. Rogers
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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Vimont N, Schwarzenberg A, Domijan M, Donkpegan ASL, Beauvieux R, le Dantec L, Arkoun M, Jamois F, Yvin JC, Wigge PA, Dirlewanger E, Cortijo S, Wenden B. Fine tuning of hormonal signaling is linked to dormancy status in sweet cherry flower buds. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:544-561. [PMID: 32975290 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In temperate trees, optimal timing and quality of flowering directly depend on adequate winter dormancy progression, regulated by a combination of chilling and warm temperatures. Physiological, genetic and functional genomic studies have shown that hormones play a key role in bud dormancy establishment, maintenance and release. We combined physiological and transcriptional analyses, quantification of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), and modeling to further investigate how these signaling pathways are associated with dormancy progression in the flower buds of two sweet cherry cultivars. Our results demonstrated that GA-associated pathways have distinct functions and may be differentially related with dormancy. In addition, ABA levels rise at the onset of dormancy, associated with enhanced expression of ABA biosynthesis PavNCED genes, and decreased prior to dormancy release. Following the observations that ABA levels are correlated with dormancy depth, we identified PavUG71B6, a sweet cherry UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE gene that up-regulates active catabolism of ABA to ABA glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) and may be associated with low ABA content in the early cultivar. Subsequently, we modeled ABA content and dormancy behavior in three cultivars based on the expression of a small set of genes regulating ABA levels. These results strongly suggest the central role of ABA pathway in the control of dormancy progression and open up new perspectives for the development of molecular-based phenological modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Vimont
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman St., Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Schwarzenberg
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Mirela Domijan
- Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach St., Liverpool L69 7ZL, United Kingdom
| | - Armel S L Donkpegan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rémi Beauvieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Loïck le Dantec
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Frank Jamois
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Agro Innovation International - Centre Mondial d'Innovation - Groupe Roullier, 35400 St Malo, France
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau (IGZ), Department for Plant Adaptation, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Groβbeeren, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sandra Cortijo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman St., Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Bénédicte Wenden
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, av. Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Nishiyama S, Matsushita MC, Yamane H, Honda C, Okada K, Tamada Y, Moriya S, Tao R. Functional and expressional analyses of apple FLC-like in relation to dormancy progress and flower bud development. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:562-570. [PMID: 31728534 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-like gene, a MADS-box transcription factor gene that belongs to Arabidopsis thaliana L. FLC clade, in apple (Malus $\times$ domestica Borkh.), and its expression in dormant flower buds is positively correlated with cumulative cold exposure. To elucidate the role of the MdFLC-like in the dormancy process and flower development, we first characterized the phenotypes of MdFLC-like overexpressing lines with the Arabidopsis Columbia-0 background. The overexpression of MdFLC-like significantly delayed the bolting date and reduced the plant size, but it did not significantly affect the number of rosette leaves or flower organ formation. Thus, MdFLC-like may affect vegetative growth and development rather than flowering when expressed in Arabidopsis, which is not like Arabidopsis FLC that affects development of flowering. We compared seasonal expression patterns of MdFLC-like in low-chill 'Anna' and high-chill 'Fuji' and 'Tsugaru' apples collected from trees grown in a cold winter region in temperate zone and found an earlier upregulation in 'Anna' compared with 'Fuji' and 'Tsugaru'. Expression patterns were also compared in relation to developmental changes in the flower primordia during the chilling accumulation period. Overall, MdFLC-like was progressively upregulated during flower primordia differentiation and development in autumn to early winter and reached a maximum expression level at around the same time as the genotype-dependent chilling requirements were fulfilled in high-chill cultivars. Thus, we hypothesize MdFLC-like may be upregulated in response to cold exposure and flower primordia development during the progress of endodormancy. Our study also suggests MdFLC-like may have a growth-inhibiting function during the end of endodormancy and ecodormancy when the temperature is low and unfavorable for rapid bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Hisayo Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikako Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Midori-Cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Morioka 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tamada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, Sokendai, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriya
- Apple Research Station, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Morioka 020-0123, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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26
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Vayssières A, Mishra P, Roggen A, Neumann U, Ljung K, Albani MC. Vernalization shapes shoot architecture and ensures the maintenance of dormant buds in the perennial Arabis alpina. New Phytol 2020; 227:99-115. [PMID: 32022273 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Perennials have a complex shoot architecture with axillary meristems organized in zones of differential bud activity and fate. This includes zones of buds maintained dormant for multiple seasons and used as reservoirs for potential growth in case of damage. The shoot of Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, consists of a zone of dormant buds placed between subapical vegetative and basal flowering branches. This shoot architecture is shaped after exposure to prolonged cold, required for flowering. To understand how vernalization ensures the maintenance of dormant buds, we performed physiological and transcriptome studies, followed the spatiotemporal changes of auxin, and generated transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate that the complex shoot architecture in A. alpina is shaped by its flowering behavior, specifically the initiation of inflorescences during cold treatment and rapid flowering after subsequent exposure to growth-promoting conditions. Dormant buds are already formed before cold treatment. However, dormancy in these buds is enhanced during, and stably maintained after, vernalization by a BRC1-dependent mechanism. Post-vernalization, stable maintenance of dormant buds is correlated with increased auxin response, transport, and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid levels in the stem. Here, we provide a functional link between flowering and the maintenance of dormant buds in perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vayssières
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Adrian Roggen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
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27
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Yang Q, Yang B, Li J, Wang Y, Tao R, Yang F, Wu X, Yan X, Ahmad M, Shen J, Bai S, Teng Y. ABA-responsive ABRE-BINDING FACTOR3 activates DAM3 expression to promote bud dormancy in Asian pear. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1360-1375. [PMID: 32092154 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is indispensable for the survival of perennial plants in cold winters. Abscisic acid (ABA) has essential functions influencing the endo-dormancy status. Dormancy-associated MADS-box/SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-like genes function downstream of the ABA signalling pathway to regulate bud dormancy. However, the regulation of DAM/SVP expression remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed that endo-dormancy maintenance and PpyDAM3 expression are controlled by the ABA content in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) buds. The expression of pear ABRE-BINDING FACTOR3 (PpyABF3) was positively correlated with PpyDAM3 expression. Furthermore, PpyABF3 directly bound to the second ABRE in the PpyDAM3 promoter to activate its expression. Interestingly, both PpyABF3 and PpyDAM3 repressed the cell division and growth of transgenic pear calli. Another ABA-induced ABF protein, PpyABF2, physically interacted with PpyABF3 and disrupted the activation of the PpyDAM3 promoter by PpyABF3, indicating DAM expression was precisely controlled. Additionally, our results suggested that the differences in the PpyDAM3 promoter in two pear cultivars might be responsible for the diversity in the chilling requirements. In summary, our data clarify the finely tuned regulatory mechanism underlying the effect of ABA on DAM gene expression and provide new insights into ABA-related bud dormancy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiyan Tao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhui Yan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mudassar Ahmad
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Ouyang L, Leus L, De Keyser E, Van Labeke MC. Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation of Two Garden Rose Cultivars Under Controlled Daylength and Temperature. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:327. [PMID: 32265972 PMCID: PMC7105705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature stress is an important abiotic stress for garden roses in northern regions. Two garden rose cultivars ('Dagmar Hastrup' and 'Chandos Beauty') were selected to study the role of dehydrin and of carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation and deacclimation under the controlled daylength and temperature. The presence of bud dormancy was also observed as this could prevent budburst during warm spells. Both cultivars showed a similar changing pattern of cold acclimation and deacclimation and did not differ in their lowest LT50 values. Dehydrin (RhDHN5) was up-regulated by low temperatures and not by dehydration stress as the stem water content remained stable during the treatments. Total soluble sugars accumulated with a transient up-regulation of RhBAM3 (a key gene in starch hydrolysis) for 'Dagmar Hastrup' at 2°C and a strong expression under both 2 and -3°C for 'Chandos Beauty'. At 2 and -3°C, raffinose and stachyose strongly accumulated though the up-regulation of RhRS6 and RhGK differed in the cultivars. Although similar cold hardiness levels were reached, carbohydrate metabolism in response to cold stress is different in the two cultivars. Increasing the temperature after a cold period resulted in fast deacclimation as found by the downregulation of RhDHN5 and RhBAM3, the decrease of raffinose and stachyose. Bud endodormancy was hardly present in both cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ouyang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Leus
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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29
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Portella RDO, Marques MOM, Ono EO, Silva PSSD, Fernandes AM, de Almeida LFR. Kinetin establish the volatile chemical profile after rhizome dormancy is released in Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4122-4125. [PMID: 32081040 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1729152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to provide information about kinetin effects on chemical volatile profile of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe after several days of plant dormancy release. Rhizomes of C. zedoaria were immersed in four kinetin concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mg ml-1, n = 12 by each concentration) for 30 min. After 240 h of treatment, root length (mm), bud break (%) and bud speed index (BSI) were measured, and three rhizomes at 24 h and 240 h were collected for chemical volatile profile analysis by application of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Kinetin does not alter morphological aspects of the bud dormancy releasing, but drastically changes metabolic aspects of volatile production on C. zedoaria rhizomes, by the selection of several monoterpenes, such as camphene, sabinene, isoborneol, borneol, 1,8-cineole. We assume that kinetin application maintain monoterpene production as a consequence of its signaling over dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Oliveira Portella
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), São Paulo State, Brazil.,Botany Department, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Orika Ono
- Botany Department, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adalton Mazetti Fernandes
- Center of Research for Tropical Tubers and Starches (CERAT), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida
- Botany Department, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Research for Tropical Tubers and Starches (CERAT), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Quesada-Traver C, Guerrero BI, Badenes ML, Rodrigo J, Ríos G, Lloret A. Structure and Expression of Bud Dormancy-Associated MADS-Box Genes ( DAM) in European Plum. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1288. [PMID: 32973847 PMCID: PMC7466548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy in temperate perennials ensures the survival of growing meristems under the harsh environmental conditions of autumn and winter, and facilitates an optimal growth and development resumption in the spring. Although the molecular pathways controlling the dormancy process are still unclear, DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes (DAM) have emerged as key regulators of the dormancy cycle in different species. In the present study, we have characterized the orthologs of DAM genes in European plum (Prunus domestica L.). Their expression patterns together with sequence similarities are consistent with a role of PdoDAMs in dormancy maintenance mechanisms in European plum. Furthermore, other genes related to dormancy, flowering, and stress response have been identified in order to obtain a molecular framework of these three different processes taking place within the dormant flower bud in this species. This research provides a set of candidate genes to be genetically modified in future research, in order to better understand dormancy regulation in perennial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Quesada-Traver
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Brenda Ivette Guerrero
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Luisa Badenes
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Rodrigo
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Lloret
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alba Lloret,
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Moser M, Asquini E, Miolli GV, Weigl K, Hanke MV, Flachowsky H, Si-Ammour A. The MADS-Box Gene MdDAM1 Controls Growth Cessation and Bud Dormancy in Apple. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1003. [PMID: 32733512 PMCID: PMC7358357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple trees require a long exposure to chilling temperature during winter to acquire competency to flower and grow in the following spring. Climate change or adverse meteorological conditions can impair release of dormancy and delay bud break, hence jeopardizing fruit production and causing substantial economic losses. In order to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling bud dormancy in apple we focused our work on the MADS-box transcription factor gene MdDAM1. We show that MdDAM1 silencing is required for the release of dormancy and bud break in spring. MdDAM1 transcript levels are drastically reduced in the low-chill varieties 'Anna' and 'Dorsett Golden' compared to 'Golden Delicious' corroborating its role as a key genetic factor controlling the release of bud dormancy in Malus species. The functional characterization of MdDAM1 using RNA silencing resulted in trees unable to cease growth in winter and that displayed an evergrowing, or evergreen, phenotype several years after transgenesis. These trees lost their capacity to enter in dormancy and produced leaves and shoots regardless of the season. A transcriptome study revealed that apple evergrowing lines are a genocopy of 'Golden Delicious' trees at the onset of the bud break with the significant gene repression of the related MADS-box gene MdDAM4 as a major feature. We provide the first functional evidence that MADS-box transcriptional factors are key regulators of bud dormancy in pome fruit trees and demonstrate that their silencing results in a defect of growth cessation in autumn. Our findings will help producing low-chill apple variants from the elite commercial cultivars that will withstand climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Elisa Asquini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Giulia Valentina Miolli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Kathleen Weigl
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden, Germany
| | - Azeddine Si-Ammour
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
- *Correspondence: Azeddine Si-Ammour,
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Abstract
The sustainable fruit production in temperate and boreal regions is often imperiled by spring frosts. The risk of frost damage and the resulting economic losses have been increasing in the recent years as a result of the global climate change. Among the many approaches in mitigating frost damages, an ethylene-based compound, ethephon has proven to be effective in delaying bloom time in many fruit species and, thereby, avoid frost damage. However, effective concentrations of ethephon are often associated with harmful effects on fruit trees, which largely limit its use. Relatively, limited research attention has been given to understand the mechanisms underlying this ethylene-mediated bloom delay, thus hindering the progress in exploring its potential in frost protection. Recent advances in omics and bioinformatics have facilitated the identification of critical molecular and biochemical pathways that govern the progression of bud dormancy in deciduous woody perennials. In this review, we summarized our current understanding of the function of ethylene and its interaction with other networks in modulating dormancy and blooming in temperate fruit trees. Some possible mechanisms are also proposed that might potentially guide future studies attempting to decipher the dormancy regulation or searching for methods to alleviate frost damages.
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Miotto YE, Tessele C, Czermainski ABC, Porto DD, Falavigna VDS, Sartor T, Cattani AM, Delatorre CA, de Alencar SA, da Silva-Junior OB, Togawa RC, Costa MMDC, Pappas GJ, Grynberg P, de Oliveira PRD, Kvitschal MV, Denardi F, Buffon V, Revers LF. Spring Is Coming: Genetic Analyses of the Bud Break Date Locus Reveal Candidate Genes From the Cold Perception Pathway to Dormancy Release in Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.). Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30930909 PMCID: PMC6423911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chilling requirement (CR) for bud dormancy completion determines the time of bud break in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). The molecular control of bud dormancy is highly heritable, suggesting a strong genetic control of the trait. An available Infinium II SNP platform for genotyping containing 8,788 single nucleotide polymorphic markers was employed, and linkage maps were constructed in a F1 cross from the low CR M13/91 and the moderate CR cv. Fred Hough. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bud break date as a trait related to dormancy release. A major QTL for bud break was detected at the beginning of linkage group 9 (LG9). This QTL remained stable during seven seasons in two different growing sites. To increase mapping efficiency in detecting contributing genes underlying this QTL, 182 additional SNP markers located at the locus for bud break were used. Combining linkage mapping and structural characterization of the region, the high proportion of the phenotypic variance in the trait explained by the QTL is related to the coincident positioning of Arabidopsis orthologs for ICE1, FLC, and PRE1 protein-coding genes. The proximity of these genes from the most explanatory markers of this QTL for bud break suggests potential genetic additive effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of inter-dependent mechanisms controlling dormancy induction and release in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanna Evelyn Miotto
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Tessele
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Sartor
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Malvessi Cattani
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Andrea Delatorre
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Amorim de Alencar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina – Epagri – Estação Experimental de Caçador, Caçador, Brazil
| | - Frederico Denardi
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina – Epagri – Estação Experimental de Caçador, Caçador, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gabay G, Faigenboim A, Dahan Y, Izhaki Y, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Elkind Y, Flaishman MA. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling reveal the key role of α-linolenic acid in dormancy regulation of European pear. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1017-1031. [PMID: 30590791 PMCID: PMC6363095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deciduous trees require sufficient chilling during winter dormancy to grow. To decipher the dormancy-regulating mechanism, we carried out RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis and metabolic profiling of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) vegetative buds during the dormancy phases. Samples were collected from two cultivars that differed greatly in their chilling requirements: 'Spadona' (SPD), a low chilling requirement cultivar; and Harrow Sweet (HS), a high chilling requirement cultivar. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed >8500 differentially expressed transcripts; most were related to metabolic pathways. Out of 174 metabolites, 44 displayed differential levels in both cultivars, 38 were significantly changed only in SPD, and 15 only in HS. Phospholipids were mostly accumulated at the beginning of dormancy, sugars between before dormancy and mid-dormancy, and fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, at dormancy break. Differentially expressed genes underlying previously identified major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in linkage group 8 included genes related to the α-linolenic acid pathway, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2-like, and the DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes, PcDAM1 and PcDAM2, putative orthologs of PpDAM1 and PpDAM2, confirming their role for the first time in European pear. Additional new putative dormancy-related uncharacterized genes and genes related to metabolic pathways are suggested. These results suggest the crucial role of α-linolenic acid and DAM genes in pear bud dormancy phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Gabay
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Yardena Dahan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Yacov Izhaki
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weitzman Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weitzman Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yonatan Elkind
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe A Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- Correspondence:
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35
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Liu J, Sherif SM. Hormonal Orchestration of Bud Dormancy Cycle in Deciduous Woody Perennials. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1136. [PMID: 31620159 PMCID: PMC6759871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody perennials enter seasonal dormancy to avoid unfavorable environmental conditions. Plant hormones are the critical mediators regulating this complex process, which is subject to the influence of many internal and external factors. Over the last two decades, our knowledge of hormone-mediated dormancy has increased considerably, primarily due to advancements in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics. These advancements have enabled the elucidation of several aspects of hormonal regulation associated with bud dormancy in various deciduous tree species. Plant hormones interact with each other extensively in a context-dependent manner. The dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) transcription factors appear to enable hormones and other internal signals associated with the transition between different phases of bud dormancy. These proteins likely hold a great potential in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of dormancy initiation, maintenance, and release. In this review, a recent understanding of the roles of plant hormones, their cross talks, and their potential interactions with DAM proteins during dormancy is discussed.
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McKown AD, Klápště J, Guy RD, El-Kassaby YA, Mansfield SD. Ecological genomics of variation in bud-break phenology and mechanisms of response to climate warming in Populus trichocarpa. New Phytol 2018; 220:300-316. [PMID: 29963703 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Spring bud-break phenology is a critical adaptive feature common to temperate perennial woody plants. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of variation in bud-break is important for elucidating adaptive evolution and predicting outcomes relating to climate change. Field and controlled growth chamber tests were used to assess population-wide patterns in bud-break from wild-sourced black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) genotypes. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from whole genome sequencing to test for loci underlying variation in bud-break. Bud-break had a quadratic relationship with latitude, where southern- and northern-most provenances generally broke bud earlier than those from central parts of the species' range. Reduced winter chilling increased population-wide variation in bud-break, whereas greater chilling decreased variation. GWAS uncovered 16 loci associated with bud-break. Phenotypic changes connected with allelic variation were replicated in an independent set of P. trichocarpa trees. Despite phenotypic similarities, genetic profiles between southern- and northern-most genotypes were dissimilar based on our GWAS-identified SNPs. We propose that the GWAS-identified loci underpin the geographical pattern in P. trichocarpa and that variation in bud-break reflects different selection for winter chilling and heat sum accumulation, both of which can be affected by climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena D McKown
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Klápště
- Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Beauvieux R, Wenden B, Dirlewanger E. Bud Dormancy in Perennial Fruit Tree Species: A Pivotal Role for Oxidative Cues. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:657. [PMID: 29868101 PMCID: PMC5969045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For perennial plants, bud dormancy is a crucial step as its progression over winter determines the quality of bud break, flowering, and fruiting. In the past decades, many studies, based on metabolic, physiological, subcellular, genetic, and genomic analyses, have unraveled mechanisms underlying bud dormancy progression. Overall, all the pathways identified are interconnected in a very complex manner. Here, we review early and recent findings on the dormancy processes in buds of temperate fruit trees species including hormonal signaling, the role of plasma membrane, carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, with an effort to link them together and emphasize the central role of reactive oxygen species accumulation in the control of dormancy progression.
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Falavigna VDS, Porto DD, Miotto YE, dos Santos HP, de Oliveira PRD, Margis-Pinheiro M, Pasquali G, Revers LF. Evolutionary diversification of galactinol synthases in Rosaceae: adaptive roles of galactinol and raffinose during apple bud dormancy. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:1247-1259. [PMID: 29373762 PMCID: PMC6018919 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which play roles in carbon storage, signal transduction, and osmoprotection. The present work assessed the evolutionary history of GolS genes across the Rosaceae using several bioinformatic tools. Apple (Malus × domestica) GolS genes were transcriptionally characterized during bud dormancy, in parallel with galactinol and raffinose measurements. Additionally, MdGolS2, a candidate to regulate seasonal galactinol and RFO content during apple bud dormancy, was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. Evolutionary analyses revealed that whole genome duplications have driven GolS gene evolution and diversification in Rosaceae speciation. The strong purifying selection identified in duplicated GolS genes suggests that differential gene expression might define gene function better than protein structure. Interestingly, MdGolS2 was differentially expressed during bud dormancy, concomitantly with the highest galactinol and raffinose levels. One of the intrinsic adaptive features of bud dormancy is limited availability of free water; therefore, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing MdGolS2. They showed higher galactinol and raffinose contents and increased tolerance to water deficit. Our results suggest that MdGolS2 is the major GolS responsible for RFO accumulation during apple dormancy, and these carbohydrates help to protect dormant buds against limited water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Li J, Xu Y, Niu Q, He L, Teng Y, Bai S. Abscisic Acid (ABA ) Promotes the Induction and Maintenance of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group) Flower Bud Endodormancy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E310. [PMID: 29361708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that allows temperate deciduous plants to survive unfavorable winter conditions. In the present work, we investigated the possible function of abscisic acid (ABA) on the endodormancy process in pear. The ABA content increased during pear flower bud endodormancy establishment and decreased towards endodormancy release. In total, 39 putative genes related to ABA metabolism and signal transductions were identified from pear genome. During the para- to endodormancy transition, PpNCED-2 and PpNCED-3 had high expression levels, while PpCYP707As expression levels were low. However, during endodormancy, the expression of PpCYP707A-3 sharply increased with increasing cold accumulation. At the same time, the ABA content of pear buds declined, and the percentage of bud breaks rapidly increased. On the other hand, the expression levels of PpPYLs, PpPP2Cs, PpSnRK2s, and PpABI4/ABI5s were also changed during the pear flower bud dormancy cycle. Furthermore, exogenous ABA application to para-dormant buds significantly reduced the bud breaks and accelerated the transition to endodormancy. During the whole treatment time, the expression level of PpPP2C-12 decreased to a greater extent in ABA-treated buds than in control. However, the expression levels of PpSnRK2-1, PpSnRK2-4, and PpABI5-1 were higher in ABA-treated buds. Our results indicated that PpCYP707A-3 and PpNCEDs play pivotal roles on the regulation of endodormancy release, while ABA signal transduction pathway also appears to be involved in the process. The present work provided the basic information about the function of ABA-related genes during pear flower bud dormancy process.
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Falavigna VDS, Guitton B, Costes E, Andrés F. I Want to (Bud) Break Free: The Potential Role of DAM and SVP-Like Genes in Regulating Dormancy Cycle in Temperate Fruit Trees. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1990. [PMID: 30687377 PMCID: PMC6335348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an adaptive process that allows trees to survive the hard environmental conditions that they experience during the winter of temperate climates. Dormancy is characterized by the reduction in meristematic activity and the absence of visible growth. A prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required to allow the bud resuming growth in response to warm temperatures. In fruit tree species, the dormancy cycle is believed to be regulated by a group of genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors. These genes are called DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) and are phylogenetically related to the Arabidopsis thaliana floral regulators SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24. The interest in DAM and other orthologs of SVP (SVP-like) genes has notably increased due to the publication of several reports suggesting their role in the control of bud dormancy in numerous fruit species, including apple, pear, peach, Japanese apricot, and kiwifruit among others. In this review, we briefly describe the physiological bases of the dormancy cycle and how it is genetically regulated, with a particular emphasis on DAM and SVP-like genes. We also provide a detailed report of the most recent advances about the transcriptional regulation of these genes by seasonal cues, epigenetics and plant hormones. From this information, we propose a tentative classification of DAM and SVP-like genes based on their seasonal pattern of expression. Furthermore, we discuss the potential biological role of DAM and SVP-like genes in bud dormancy in antagonizing the function of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes. Finally, we draw a global picture of the possible role of DAM and SVP-like genes in the bud dormancy cycle and propose a model that integrates these genes in a molecular network of dormancy cycle regulation in temperate fruit trees.
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Lloret A, Badenes ML, Ríos G. Modulation of Dormancy and Growth Responses in Reproductive Buds of Temperate Trees. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1368. [PMID: 30271422 PMCID: PMC6146825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During autumn perennial trees cease growth and form structures called buds in order to protect meristems from the unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperature and desiccation. In addition to increased tolerance to these abiotic stresses, reproductive buds modulate developmental programs leading to dormancy induction to avoid premature growth resumption, and flowering pathways. Stress tolerance, dormancy, and flowering processes are thus physically and temporarily restricted to a bud, and consequently forced to interact at the regulatory level. We review recent genomic, genetic, and molecular contributions to the knowledge of these three processes in trees, highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications, phytohormones, and common regulatory factors. Finally, we emphasize the utility of transcriptomic approaches for the identification of key structural and regulatory genes involved in bud processes, illustrated with our own experience using peach as a model.
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Tarancón C, González-Grandío E, Oliveros JC, Nicolas M, Cubas P. A Conserved Carbon Starvation Response Underlies Bud Dormancy in Woody and Herbaceous Species. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:788. [PMID: 28588590 PMCID: PMC5440562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoot systems give rise to characteristic above-ground plant architectures. Shoots are formed from axillary meristems and buds, whose growth and development is modulated by systemic and local signals. These cues convey information about nutrient and water availability, light quality, sink/source organ activity and other variables that determine the timeliness and competence to maintain development of new shoots. This information is translated into a local response, in meristems and buds, of growth or quiescence. Although some key genes involved in the onset of bud latency have been identified, the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlled by these genes are not well defined. Moreover, it has not been determined whether bud dormancy induced by environmental cues, such as a low red-to-far-red light ratio, shares genetic mechanisms with bud latency induced by other causes, such as apical dominance or a short-day photoperiod. Furthermore, the evolution and conservation of these GRNs throughout angiosperms is not well established. We have reanalyzed public transcriptomic datasets that compare quiescent and active axillary buds of Arabidopsis, with datasets of axillary buds of the woody species Vitis vinifera (grapevine) and apical buds of Populus tremula x Populus alba (poplar) during the bud growth-to-dormancy transition. Our aim was to identify potentially common GRNs induced during the process that leads to bud para-, eco- and endodormancy. In Arabidopsis buds that are entering eco- or paradormancy, we have identified four induced interrelated GRNs that correspond to a carbon (C) starvation syndrome, typical of tissues undergoing low C supply. This response is also detectable in poplar and grapevine buds before and during the transition to dormancy. In all eukaryotes, C-limiting conditions are coupled to growth arrest and latency like that observed in dormant axillary buds. Bud dormancy might thus be partly a consequence of the underlying C starvation syndrome triggered by environmental and endogenous cues that anticipate or signal conditions unfavorable for sustained shoot growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tarancón
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Grandío
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Oliveros
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
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Wu R, Wang T, Warren BAW, Allan AC, Macknight RC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. Kiwifruit SVP2 gene prevents premature budbreak during dormancy. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:1071-1082. [PMID: 28158721 PMCID: PMC5853213 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of SVP2 in kiwifruit delays budbreak before sufficient winter chilling. SVP2-mediated vegetative growth restriction involves stress response pathways, and commonalities exist between Arabidopsis and kiwifruit SVP targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben A W Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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Hao X, Yang Y, Yue C, Wang L, Horvath DP, Wang X. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Camellia sinensis Axillary Buds at Para-, Endo-, Ecodormancy, and Bud Flush Stages. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:553. [PMID: 28458678 PMCID: PMC5394108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Winter dormancy is an important biological feature for tea plant to survive cold winters, and it also affects the economic output of tea plant, one of the few woody plants in the world whose leaves are harvested and one of the few non-conifer evergreen species with characterized dormancies. To discover the bud dormancy regulation mechanism of tea plant in winter, we analyzed the global gene expression profiles of axillary buds at the paradormancy, endodormancy, ecodormancy, and bud flush stages by RNA-Seq analysis. In total, 16,125 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the different measured conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on the DEGs identified from each dormancy transition. Enriched gene ontology terms, gene sets and transcription factors were mainly associated with epigenetic mechanisms, phytohormone signaling pathways, and callose-related cellular communication regulation. Furthermore, differentially expressed transcription factors as well as chromatin- and phytohormone-associated genes were identified. GI-, CAL-, SVP-, PHYB-, SFR6-, LHY-, ZTL-, PIF4/6-, ABI4-, EIN3-, ETR1-, CCA1-, PIN3-, CDK-, and CO-related gene sets were enriched. Based on sequence homology analysis, we summarized the key genes with significant expression differences in poplar and tea plant. The major molecular pathways involved in tea plant dormancy regulation are consistent with those of poplar to a certain extent; however, the gene expression patterns varied. This study provides the global transcriptome profiles of overwintering buds at different dormancy stages and is meaningful for improving the understanding of bud dormancy in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
| | - David P. Horvath
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, FargoND, USA
- *Correspondence: David P. Horvath, Xinchao Wang,
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of AgricultureHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: David P. Horvath, Xinchao Wang,
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González-Grandío E, Pajoro A, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Tarancón C, Immink RG, Cubas P. Abscisic acid signaling is controlled by a BRANCHED1/HD-ZIP I cascade in Arabidopsis axillary buds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E245-54. [PMID: 28028241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613199114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoot-branching patterns determine key aspects of plant life and are important targets for crop breeding. However, we are still largely ignorant of the genetic networks controlling locally the most important decision during branch development: whether the axillary bud, or branch primordium, grows out to give a lateral shoot or remains dormant. Here we show that, inside the buds, the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF (TCP) transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1) binds to and positively regulates the transcription of three related Homeodomain leucine zipper protein (HD-ZIP)-encoding genes: HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 21 (HB21), HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 40 (HB40), and HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 53 (HB53). These three genes, together with BRC1, enhance 9-CIS-EPOXICAROTENOID DIOXIGENASE 3 (NCED3) expression, lead to abscisic acid accumulation, and trigger hormone response, thus causing suppression of bud development. This TCP/HD-ZIP genetic module seems to be conserved in dicot and monocotyledonous species to prevent branching under light-limiting conditions.
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Rinne PLH, Paul LK, Vahala J, Kangasjärvi J, van der Schoot C. Axillary buds are dwarfed shoots that tightly regulate GA pathway and GA-inducible 1,3-β-glucanase genes during branching in hybrid aspen. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:5975-5991. [PMID: 27697786 PMCID: PMC5100014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Axillary buds (AXBs) of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×P. tremuloides) contain a developing dwarfed shoot that becomes para-dormant at the bud maturation point. Para-dormant AXBs can grow out after stem decapitation, while dormant AXBs pre-require long-term chilling to release them from dormancy. The latter is mediated by gibberellin (GA)-regulated 1,3-β-glucanases, but it is unknown if GA is also important in the development, activation, and outgrowth of para-dormant AXBs. The present data show that para-dormant AXBs up-regulate GA receptor genes during their maturation, but curtail GA biosynthesis by down-regulating the rate-limiting GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE2 (GA3ox2), which is characteristically expressed in the growing apex. However, decapitation significantly up-regulated GA3ox2 and GA4-responsive 1,3-β-glucanases (GH17-family; α-clade). In contrast, decapitation down-regulated γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases, which were strongly up-regulated in maturing AXBs concomitant with lipid body accumulation. Overexpression of selected GH17 members in hybrid aspen resulted in characteristic branching patterns. The α-clade member induced an acropetal branching pattern, whereas the γ-clade member activated AXBs in recurrent flushes during transient cessation of apex proliferation. The results support a model in which curtailing the final step in GA biosynthesis dwarfs the embryonic shoot, while high levels of GA precursors and GA receptors keep AXBs poised for growth. GA signaling, induced by decapitation, reinvigorates symplasmic supply routes through GA-inducible 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at sieve plates and plasmodesmata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Laju K Paul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jorma Vahala
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Doğramacı M, Foley ME, Horvath DP, Hernandez AG, Khetani RS, Fields CJ, Keating KM, Mikel MA, Anderson JV. Glyphosate's impact on vegetative growth in leafy spurge identifies molecular processes and hormone cross-talk associated with increased branching. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:395. [PMID: 25986459 PMCID: PMC4437557 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial weed that is considered glyphosate tolerant, which is partially attributed to escape through establishment of new vegetative shoots from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. Leafy spurge plants treated with sub-lethal concentrations of foliar-applied glyphosate produce new vegetative shoots with reduced main stem elongation and increased branching. Processes associated with the glyphosate-induced phenotype were determined by RNAseq using aerial shoots derived from crown buds of glyphosate-treated and -untreated plants. Comparison between transcript abundance and accumulation of shikimate or phytohormones (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinins, and gibberellins) from these same samples was also done to reveal correlations. RESULTS Transcriptome assembly and analyses confirmed differential abundance among 12,918 transcripts (FDR ≤ 0.05) and highlighted numerous processes associated with shoot apical meristem maintenance and stem growth, which is consistent with the increased number of actively growing meristems in response to glyphosate. Foliar applied glyphosate increased shikimate abundance in crown buds prior to decapitation of aboveground shoots, which induces growth from these buds, indicating that 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSPS) the target site of glyphosate was inhibited. However, abundance of shikimate was similar in a subsequent generation of aerial shoots derived from crown buds of treated and untreated plants, suggesting EPSPS is no longer inhibited or abundance of shikimate initially observed in crown buds dissipated over time. Overall, auxins, gibberellins (precursors and catabolites of bioactive gibberellins), and cytokinins (precursors and bioactive cytokinins) were more abundant in the aboveground shoots derived from glyphosate-treated plants. CONCLUSION Based on the overall data, we propose that the glyphosate-induced phenotype resulted from complex interactions involving shoot apical meristem maintenance, hormone biosynthesis and signaling (auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and strigolactones), cellular transport, and detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münevver Doğramacı
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
| | - Michael E Foley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
| | - David P Horvath
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- University of Illinois, W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Radhika S Khetani
- University of Illinois, W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Christopher J Fields
- University of Illinois, W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Keating
- University of Illinois, W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Mark A Mikel
- Department of Crop Sciences, 2608 Institute for Genomic Biology, and Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - James V Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
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Porto DD, Bruneau M, Perini P, Anzanello R, Renou JP, dos Santos HP, Fialho FB, Revers LF. Transcription profiling of the chilling requirement for bud break in apples: a putative role for FLC-like genes. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:2659-72. [PMID: 25750421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Apple production depends on the fulfilment of a chilling requirement for bud dormancy release. Insufficient winter chilling results in irregular and suboptimal bud break in the spring, with negative impacts on apple yield. Trees from apple cultivars with contrasting chilling requirements for bud break were used to investigate the expression of the entire set of apple genes in response to chilling accumulation in the field and controlled conditions. Total RNA was analysed on the AryANE v.1.0 oligonucleotide microarray chip representing 57,000 apple genes. The data were tested for functional enrichment, and differential expression was confirmed by real-time PCR. The largest number of differentially expressed genes was found in samples treated with cold temperatures. Cold exposure mostly repressed expression of transcripts related to photosynthesis, and long-term cold exposure repressed flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Among the differentially expressed selected candidates, we identified genes whose annotations were related to the circadian clock, hormonal signalling, regulation of growth, and flower development. Two genes, annotated as FLOWERING LOCUS C-like and MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING, showed strong differential expression in several comparisons. One of these two genes was upregulated in most comparisons involving dormancy release, and this gene's chromosomal position co-localized with the confidence interval of a major quantitative trait locus for the timing of bud break. These results indicate that photosynthesis and auxin transport are major regulatory nodes of apple dormancy and unveil strong candidates for the control of bud dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Denardi Porto
- Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, BR-428, Km 152, 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Maryline Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), A, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Pâmela Perini
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua General Osório, 348, Centro, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Anzanello
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, RSC-470, Km 170, 95330-000, Veranópolis, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), A, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Henrique Pessoa dos Santos
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Bello Fialho
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Revers
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rua Livramento, 515, 95700-000, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
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Wang D, Gao Z, Du P, Xiao W, Tan Q, Chen X, Li L, Gao D. Expression of ABA Metabolism-Related Genes Suggests Similarities and Differences Between Seed Dormancy and Bud Dormancy of Peach (Prunus persica). Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1248. [PMID: 26793222 PMCID: PMC4707674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy inhibits seed and bud growth of perennial plants until the environmental conditions are optimal for survival. Previous studies indicated that certain co-regulation pathways exist in seed and bud dormancy. In our study, we found that seed and bud dormancy are similar to some extent but show different reactions to chemical treatments that induce breaking of dormancy. Whether the abscisic acid (ABA) regulatory networks are similar in dormant peach seeds and buds is not well known; however, ABA is generally believed to play a critical role in seed and bud dormancy. In peach, some genes putatively involved in ABA synthesis and catabolism were identified and their expression patterns were studied to learn more about ABA homeostasis and the possible crosstalk between bud dormancy and seed dormancy mechanisms. The analysis demonstrated that two 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase-encoding genes seem to be key in regulating ABA biosynthesis to induce seed and bud dormancy. Three CYP707As play an overlapping role in controlling ABA inactivation, resulting in dormancy-release. In addition, Transcript analysis of ABA metabolism-related genes was much similar demonstrated that ABA pathways was similar in the regulation of vegetative and flower bud dormancy, whereas, expression patterns of ABA metabolism-related genes were different in seed dormancy showed that ABA pathway maybe different in regulating seed dormancy in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Peiyong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and EfficiencyTaian, China
- Dongsheng Gao
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Chao WS, Doğramaci M, Anderson JV, Foley ME, Horvath DP. The resemblance and disparity of gene expression in dormant and non-dormant seeds and crown buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:216. [PMID: 25112962 PMCID: PMC4256794 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a herbaceous perennial weed and dormancy in both buds and seeds is an important survival mechanism. Bud dormancy in leafy spurge exhibits three well-defined phases of para-, endo- and ecodormancy; however, seed dormancy for leafy spurge is classified as physiological dormancy that requires after-ripening and alternating temperature for maximal germination. Overlaps in transcriptome profiles between different phases of bud and seed dormancy have not been determined. Thus, we compared various phases of dormancy between seeds and buds to identify common genes and molecular processes, which should provide new insights about common regulators of dormancy. RESULTS Cluster analysis of expression profiles for 201 selected genes indicated bud and seed samples clustered separately. Direct comparisons between buds and seeds are additionally complicated since seeds incubated at a constant temperature of 20°C for 21 days (21d C) could be considered paradormant (Para) because seeds may be inhibited by endosperm-generated signals, or ecodormant (Eco) because seeds germinate after being subjected to alternating temperature of 20:30°C. Since direct comparisons in gene expression between buds and seeds were problematic, we instead examined commonalities in differentially-expressed genes associated with different phases of dormancy. Comparison between buds and seeds ('Para to Endo buds' and '21d C to 1d C seeds'), using endodormant buds (Endo) and dormant seeds (1d C) as common baselines, identified transcripts associated with cell cycle (HisH4), stress response/transcription factors (ICE2, ERFB4/ABR1), ABA and auxin response (ABA1, ARF1, IAA7, TFL1), carbohydrate/protein degradation (GAPDH_1), and transport (ABCB2). Comparison of transcript abundance for the 'Eco to Endo buds' and '21d C to 1d C seeds' identified transcripts associated with ABA response (ATEM6), auxin response (ARF1), and cell cycle (HisH4). These results indicate that the physiological state of 21d C seeds is more analogous to paradormant buds than that of ecodormant buds. CONCLUSION Combined results indicate that common molecular mechanisms associated with dormancy transitions of buds and seeds involve processes associated with ABA and auxin signaling and transport, cell cycle, and AP2/ERF transcription factors or their up-stream regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun S Chao
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Münevver Doğramaci
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - James V Anderson
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Michael E Foley
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - David P Horvath
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
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