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Antunes DR, Forini MMLH, Coqueiro YA, Pontes MS, Lima PHC, Cavalcante LAF, Sanches AO, Caires ARL, Santiago EF, Grillo R. Effect of hyaluronic acid-stabilized silver nanoparticles on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143080. [PMID: 39146989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has brought significant advancements to agriculture through the development of engineered nanomaterials (ENPs). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with polysaccharides have been applied in agricultural diagnostics, crop pest management, and seed priming. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide with bactericidal properties, has been considered a growth regulator for plant tissues and an inducer of systemic resistance against plant diseases. Additionally, HA has been employed as a stabilizing agent for AgNPs. This study investigated the synthesis and effects of hyaluronic acid-stabilized silver nanoparticles (HA-AgNPs) as a seed priming agent on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination. HA-AgNPs were characterized using several techniques, exhibiting spherical morphology and good colloidal stability. Germination assays conducted with 0.1, 0.04, and 0.02 g/L of HA-AgNPs showed a concentration-dependent reduction in seed germination. Conversely, lower concentrations of HA-AgNPs significantly increased germination rates, survival, tolerance indices, and seed water absorption compared to silver ions (Ag+). SEM/EDS indicated more significant potential for HA-AgNPs internalization compared to Ag+. Therefore, these findings are innovative and open new avenues for understanding the impact of Ag+ and HA-AgNPs on seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora R Antunes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana M L H Forini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmin A Coqueiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Montcharles S Pontes
- Plant Resources Study Group, Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil; Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Pedro H C Lima
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A F Cavalcante
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex O Sanches
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson R L Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Etenaldo F Santiago
- Plant Resources Study Group, Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Renato Grillo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil.
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Boccaccini A, Cimini S, Kazmi H, Lepri A, Longo C, Lorrai R, Vittorioso P. When Size Matters: New Insights on How Seed Size Can Contribute to the Early Stages of Plant Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1793. [PMID: 38999633 PMCID: PMC11244240 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The seed habit is the most complex and successful method of sexual reproduction in vascular plants. It represents a remarkable moment in the evolution of plants that afterward spread on land. In particular, seed size had a pivotal role in evolutionary success and agronomic traits, especially in the field of crop domestication. Given that crop seeds constitute one of the primary products for consumption, it follows that seed size represents a fundamental determinant of crop yield. This adaptative feature is strictly controlled by genetic traits from both maternal and zygotic tissues, although seed development and growth are also affected by environmental cues. Despite being a highly exploited topic for both basic and applied research, there are still many issues to be elucidated for developmental biology as well as for agronomic science. This review addresses a number of open questions related to cues that influence seed growth and size and how they influence seed germination. Moreover, new insights on the genetic-molecular control of this adaptive trait are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Boccaccini
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Cimini
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Hira Kazmi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (H.K.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Andrea Lepri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (H.K.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Chiara Longo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (H.K.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Riccardo Lorrai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (H.K.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Paola Vittorioso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (H.K.); (A.L.); (C.L.); (R.L.)
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3
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Zhang M, Jian H, Shang L, Wang K, Wen S, Li Z, Liu R, Jia L, Huang Z, Lyu D. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Tuberization in Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:795. [PMID: 38592791 PMCID: PMC10975680 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The formation and development of tubers, the primary edible and economic organ of potatoes, directly affect their yield and quality. The regulatory network and mechanism of tuberization have been preliminarily revealed in recent years, but plenty of relevant genes remain to be discovered. A few candidate genes were provided due to the simplicity of sampling and result analysis of previous transcriptomes related to tuberization. We sequenced and thoroughly analyzed the transcriptomes of thirteen tissues from potato plants at the tuber proliferation phase to provide more reference information and gene resources. Among them, eight tissues were stolons and tubers at different developmental stages, which we focused on. Five critical periods of tuberization were selected to perform an analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), according to the results of the tissue correlation. Compared with the unswollen stolons (Sto), 2751, 4897, 6635, and 9700 DEGs were detected in the slightly swollen stolons (Sto1), swollen stolons (Sto2), tubers of proliferation stage 1 (Tu1), and tubers of proliferation stage 4 (Tu4). A total of 854 transcription factors and 164 hormone pathway genes were identified in the DEGs. Furthermore, three co-expression networks associated with Sto-Sto1, Sto2-Tu1, and tubers of proliferation stages two to five (Tu2-Tu5) were built using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Thirty hub genes (HGs) and 30 hub transcription factors (HTFs) were screened and focalized in these networks. We found that five HGs were reported to regulate tuberization, and most of the remaining HGs and HTFs co-expressed with them. The orthologs of these HGs and HTFs were reported to regulate processes (e.g., flowering, cell division, hormone synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction, sucrose transport, and starch synthesis) that were also required for tuberization. Such results further support their potential to control tuberization. Our study provides insights and countless candidate genes of the regulatory network of tuberization, laying the foundation for further elucidating the genetic basis of tuber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lina Shang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Chongqing Agricultural Technical Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Dianqiu Lyu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 401329, China; (M.Z.); (H.J.); (L.S.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (L.J.)
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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4
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Xu Y, Hu R, Li S. Regulation of seed coat mucilage production and modification in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111591. [PMID: 36623642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage is a polysaccharide-rich matrix synthesized by the seed coat epidermal cells. It is a specialized cell wall mainly composed of three types of polysaccharides (i. e. pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose), and represents as an ideal model system for plant cell wall research. A large number of genes responsible for the synthesis and modification of cell wall polysaccharides have been identified using this model system. Moreover, a subset of regulators controlling mucilage production and modification have been characterized, and the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have been elucidated. This substantially contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mucilage synthesis and modification. In this review, we concisely summarize the various genes and regulators involved in seed coat cell differentiation, mucilage biosynthesis and modification, and secondary cell wall formation. In particular, we put emphasis on the latest knowledge gained regarding the transcriptional regulation of mucilage production, which is composed of a hierarchal cascade with three-layer transcriptional regulators. Collectively, we propose an updated schematic framework of the genetic regulatory network controlling mucilage production and modification in the Arabidopsis mucilage secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Shengjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
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5
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Mendu L, Jalathge G, Dhillon KK, Singh NP, Balasubramanian VK, Fewou R, Gitz DC, Chen J, Xin Z, Mendu V. Mutation in the Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (KORRIGAN) Is Responsible for Thick Leaf Phenotype in Sorghum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3531. [PMID: 36559643 PMCID: PMC9780866 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop for food, feed, and fuel production. Particularly, sorghum is targeted for cellulosic ethanol production. Extraction of cellulose from cell walls is a key process in cellulosic ethanol production, and understanding the components involved in cellulose synthesis is important for both fundamental and applied research. Despite the significance in the biofuel industry, the genes involved in sorghum cell wall biosynthesis, modification, and degradation have not been characterized. In this study, we have identified and characterized three allelic thick leaf mutants (thl1, thl2, and thl3). Bulked Segregant Analysis sequencing (BSAseq) showed that the causal mutation for the thl phenotype is in endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene (SbKOR1). Consistent with the causal gene function, the thl mutants showed decreased crystalline cellulose content in the stem tissues. The SbKOR1 function was characterized using Arabidopsis endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene mutant (rsw2-1). Complementation of Arabidopsis with SbKOR1 (native Arabidopsis promoter and overexpression by 35S promoter) restored the radial swelling phenotype of rsw2-1 mutant, proving that SbKOR1 functions as endo-1,4-β-glucanase. Overall, the present study has identified and characterized sorghum endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene function, laying the foundation for future research on cell wall biosynthesis and engineering of sorghum for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Mendu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Gayani Jalathge
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Nagendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Fewou
- Faculty of Science, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Dennis C. Gitz
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Zhanguo Xin
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Di Marzo M, Babolin N, Viana VE, de Oliveira AC, Gugi B, Caporali E, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Martínez-Estrada E, Driouich A, de Folter S, Colombo L, Ezquer I. The Genetic Control of SEEDSTICK and LEUNIG-HOMOLOG in Seed and Fruit Development: New Insights into Cell Wall Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3146. [PMID: 36432874 PMCID: PMC9698089 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although much is known about seed and fruit development at the molecular level, many gaps remain in our understanding of how cell wall modifications can impact developmental processes in plants, as well as how biomechanical alterations influence seed and fruit growth. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana constitute an excellent tool to study the function of gene families devoted to cell wall biogenesis. We have characterized a collection of lines carrying mutations in representative cell wall-related genes for seed and fruit size developmental defects, as well as altered germination rates. We have linked these studies to cell wall composition and structure. Interestingly, we have found that disruption of genes involved in pectin maturation and hemicellulose deposition strongly influence germination dynamics. Finally, we focused on two transcriptional regulators, SEEDSTICK (STK) and LEUNIG-HOMOLOG (LUH), which positively regulate seed growth. Herein, we demonstrate that these factors regulate specific aspects of cell wall properties such as pectin distribution. We propose a model wherein changes in seed coat structure due to alterations in the xyloglucan-cellulose matrix deposition and pectin maturation are critical for organ growth and germination. The results demonstrate the importance of cell wall properties and remodeling of polysaccharides as major factors responsible for seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Babolin
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gugi
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, UNIROUEN—Universitè de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Elisabetta Caporali
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Estrada
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, UNIROUEN—Universitè de Rouen Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”-FED 4277, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Du J, Ruan M, Li X, Lan Q, Zhang Q, Hao S, Gou X, Anderson CT, Xiao C. Pectin methyltransferase QUASIMODO2 functions in the formation of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 274:153709. [PMID: 35597109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pectin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses are major components of primary cell walls in plants. In addition to cell adhesion and expansion, pectin plays a central role in seed mucilage. Seed mucilage contains abundant pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and lower amounts of homogalacturonan (HG), cellulose, and hemicelluloses. Previously, accumulated evidence has addressed the role of pectin RG-I in mucilage production and adherence. However, less is known about the function of pectin HG in seed coat mucilage formation. In this study, we analyzed a novel mutant, designated things fall apart2 (tfa2), which contains a mutation in HG methyltransferase QUASIMODO2 (QUA2). Etiolated tfa2 seedlings display short hypocotyls and adhesion defects similar to qua2 and tumorous shoot development2 (tsd2) alleles, and show seed mucilage defects. The diminished uronic acid content and methylesterification degree of HG in mutant seed mucilage indicate the role of HG in the formation of seed mucilage. Cellulosic rays in mutant mucilage are collapsed. The epidermal cells of seed coat in tfa2 and tsd2 display deformed columellae and reduced radial wall thickness. Under polyethylene glycol treatment, seeds from these three mutant alleles exhibit reduced germination rates. Together, these data emphasize the requirement of pectic HG biosynthesis for the synthesis of seed mucilage, and the functions of different pectin domains together with cellulose in regulating its formation, expansion, and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Mei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qiuyan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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8
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Lyu X, Shi L, Zhao M, Li Z, Liao N, Meng Y, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Xue Q, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. A natural mutation of the NST1 gene arrests secondary cell wall biosynthesis in the seed coat of a hull-less pumpkin accession. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac136. [PMID: 36072840 PMCID: PMC9437724 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hull-less pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L.) are naturally occurring novel variants known as oilseed or naked-seeded pumpkins, and are characterized by the absence of a normal lignified seed coat. Due to a specialized seed coat structure, these variants serve as a good model for studying seed coat formation and simplify the processing of pumpkin seeds. However, causal genes for this hull-less trait still remain unknown. Here, by bulked segregant analysis and fine mapping, we found that mutation of a single gene, NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1 (NST1), accounts for the hull-less trait. A 14-bp sequence insertion in the CpNST1 gene causes premature termination of CpNST1 translation, leading to lack of secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis in hull-less seed coats. In situ hybridization analysis provided further evidence for the role of CpNST1 in pumpkin seed coat SCW biosynthesis. Interestingly, through secondary cell wall compositional analysis, we found that the main SCW components differed among cell layers in the seed coat. RNA-seq analysis indicated an upstream role of CpNST1 in the SCW biosynthesis network. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insight into seed coat SCW biosynthesis, and a target gene for breeders to introduce this hull-less trait for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangping Li
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqing Meng
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Molecular studies of cellulose synthase supercomplex from cotton fiber reveal its unique biochemical properties. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1776-1793. [PMID: 35394636 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is a highly elongated and thickened single cell that produces large quantities of cellulose, which is synthesized and assembled into cell wall microfibrils by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). In this study, we report that in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers harvested during secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis, GhCesA 4, 7, and 8 assembled into heteromers in a previously uncharacterized 36-mer-like cellulose synthase supercomplex (CSS). This super CSC was observed in samples prepared using cotton fiber cells harvested during the SCW synthesis period but not from cotton stem tissue or any samples obtained from Arabidopsis. Knock-out of any of GhCesA 4, 7, and 8 resulted in the disappearance of the CSS and the production of fiber cells with no SCW thickening. Cotton fiber CSS showed significantly higher enzyme activity than samples prepared from knock-out cotton lines. We found that the microfibrils from the SCW of wild-type cotton fibers may contain 72 glucan chains in a bundle, unlike other plant materials studied. GhCesA4, 7, and 8 restored both the dwarf and reduced vascular bundle phenotypes of their orthologous Arabidopsis mutants, potentially by reforming the CSC hexamers. Genetic complementation was not observed when non-orthologous CesA genes were used, indicating that each of the three subunits is indispensable for CSC formation and for full cellulose synthase function. Characterization of cotton CSS will increase our understanding of the regulation of SCW biosynthesis.
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10
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Dong E, Liu C, Bai Y, Mei X, Zhao Z, Zhu S, Zhang J, Cai Y. A new network containing MYB109-ZmCesA5 is involved in kernel development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:15-20. [PMID: 35247699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
MYB genes regulate several different aspects of metabolism and development. However, few studies have reported the involvement of MYBs-CesAs network in the regulation of maize kernel development. In this study, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that ZmMYB109 activated the expression of ZmCesA5 by directly binding to its promoter. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and transcriptome analyses showed that ZmMYB109 expression increased in ZmCesA5-OE kernels and decreased in ZmCesA5-KO kernels. Overexpression of ZmCesA5 produced heavier kernels, whereas loss of function of ZmCesA5 affected starch and sucrose metabolism, resulting in weight reduction of the maize kernels. Collectively, these findings suggest that a new network containing MYB109-ZmCesA5 is involved in kernel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Dong
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoxian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiupeng Mei
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zikun Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Siying Zhu
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, No. 2, Beibei District, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Hao K, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Chen R, Zhang L. miR160: An Indispensable Regulator in Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833322. [PMID: 35392506 PMCID: PMC8981303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA), recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, have been found to be involved in the biological processes of plants. Some miRNAs are up- or down-regulated during plant development, stress response, and secondary metabolism. Over the past few years, it has been proved that miR160 is directly related to the developments of different tissues and organs in multifarious species, as well as plant-environment interactions. This review highlights the recent progress on the contributions of the miR160-ARF module to important traits of plants and the role of miR160-centered gene regulatory network in coordinating growth with endogenous and environmental factors. The manipulation of miR160-guided gene regulation may provide a new method to engineer plants with improved adaptability and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanpin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
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12
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Wu J, Wu Q, Bo Z, Zhu X, Zhang J, Li Q, Kong W. Comprehensive Effects of Flowering Locus T-Mediated Stem Growth in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922919. [PMID: 35783923 PMCID: PMC9243646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, Flowering locus T (FT) encodes a major florigen. It is a key flowering hormone in controlling flowering time and has a wide range of effects on plant development. Although the mechanism by which FT promotes flowering is currently clearly understood, comprehensive effects of the FT gene on plant growth have not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of FT on vegetative growth need to be explored for a complete understanding of the molecular functions of the FT gene. In this study, the Jatropha curcas L. FT gene was overexpressed in tobacco (JcFTOE) in order to discover multiple aspects and related mechanisms of how the FT gene affects plant development. In JcFTOE plants, root, stem, and leaf development was strongly affected. Stem tissues were selected for further transcriptome analysis. In JcFTOE plants, stem growth was affected because of changes in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell wall. In the nucleus of JcFTOE plants, the primary effect was to weaken all aspects of DNA replication, which ultimately affected the cell cycle and cell division. The number of stem cells decreased significantly in JcFTOE plants, which decreased the thickness and height of tobacco stems. In the cell wall of JcFTOE plants, hemicellulose and cellulose contents increased, with the increase in hemicellulose associated with up-regulation of xylan synthase-related genes expression. In the cytoplasm of JcFTOE plants, the primary effects were on biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein complexes, photosynthesis, carbohydrate biosynthesis, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, in the cytoplasm of JcFTOE plants, there were changes in certain factors of the core oscillator, expression of many light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins was down-regulated, and expression of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase genes was up-regulated to increase starch content in tobacco stems. Changes in the xylem and phloem of JcFTOE plants were also identified, and in particular, xylem development was affected by significant increases in expression of irregular xylem genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu,
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Bo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuli Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Ballesteros HGF, Rosman AC, Carvalho TLG, Grativol C, Hemerly AS. Cell wall formation pathways are differentially regulated in sugarcane contrasting genotypes associated with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria. PLANTA 2021; 254:109. [PMID: 34705112 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Differences in cell wall components between two BNF-contrasting sugarcane genotypes might result from genetic variations particular to the genotype and from the efficiency in diazotrophic bacteria association. Sugarcane is a plant of the grass family (Poaceae) that is highly cultivated in Brazil, as an important energy resource. Commercial sugarcane genotypes may be successfully associated with beneficial endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can influence several plant metabolic pathways, such as cell division and growth, synthesis of hormones, and defense compounds. In this study, we investigated how diazotrophic bacteria associated with sugarcane plants could be involved in the regulation of cell wall formation pathways. A molecular and structural characterization of the cell wall was compared between two genotypes of sugarcane with contrasting rates of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF): SP70-1143 (high BNF) and Chunee (low BNF). Differentially expressed transcripts were identified in transcriptomes generated from SP70-1143 and Chunee. Expression profiles of cellulose and lignin genes, which were more expressed in SP70-1134, and callose genes, which were more expressed in Chunee, were validated by RT-qPCR and microscopic analysis of cell wall components in tissue sections. A similar expression profile in both BNF-contrasting genotypes was observed in naturally colonized plants and in plants inoculated with G. diazotrophicus. Cell walls of the high BNF genotype have a greater cellulose content, which might contribute to increase biomass. In parallel, callose was concentrated in the vascular tissues of the low BNF genotype and could possibly represent a barrier for an efficient bacterial colonization and dissemination in sugarcane tissues. Our data show a correlation between the gene profiles identified in the BNF-contrasting genotypes and a successful association with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helkin Giovani F Ballesteros
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Aline C Rosman
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Thais Louise G Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clicia Grativol
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Silva Hemerly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.
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14
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Yang X, Hill KA, Austin RS, Tian L. Differential Gene Expression of Brachypodium distachyon Roots Colonized by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and the Role of BdCESA8 in the Colonization. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:1143-1156. [PMID: 34709058 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0170-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer are needed to reduce the costs of crop production and offset environmental damage. Nitrogen-fixing bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been proposed as a possible biofertilizer for monocot crop production. However, the colonization of G. diazotrophicus in most monocot crops is limited and deep understanding of the response of host plants to G. diazotrophicus colonization is still lacking. In this study, the molecular response of the monocot plant model Brachypodium distachyon was studied during G. diazotrophicus root colonization. The gene expression profiles of B. distachyon root tissues colonized by G. diazotrophicus were generated via next-generation RNA sequencing, and investigated through gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis. The RNA sequencing results indicated that Brachypodium is actively involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization via cell wall synthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, gibberellin biosynthesis. nitrogen assimilation, and primary and secondary metabolite pathways are also modulated to accommodate and control the extent of G. diazotrophicus colonization. Cellulose synthesis is significantly downregulated during colonization. The loss of function mutant for Brachypodium cellulose synthase 8 (BdCESA8) showed decreased cellulose content in xylem and increased resistance to G. diazotrophicus colonization. This result suggested that the cellulose synthesis of the secondary cell wall is involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization. The results of this study provide insights for future research in regard to gene manipulation for efficient colonization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Brachypodium and monocot crops.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ryan S Austin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Lining Tian
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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15
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Daras G, Templalexis D, Avgeri F, Tsitsekian D, Karamanou K, Rigas S. Updating Insights into the Catalytic Domain Properties of Plant Cellulose synthase ( CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like ( Csl) Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144335. [PMID: 34299608 PMCID: PMC8306620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The wall is the last frontier of a plant cell involved in modulating growth, development and defense against biotic stresses. Cellulose and additional polysaccharides of plant cell walls are the most abundant biopolymers on earth, having increased in economic value and thereby attracted significant interest in biotechnology. Cellulose biosynthesis constitutes a highly complicated process relying on the formation of cellulose synthase complexes. Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes encode enzymes that synthesize cellulose and most hemicellulosic polysaccharides. Arabidopsis and rice are invaluable genetic models and reliable representatives of land plants to comprehend cell wall synthesis. During the past two decades, enormous research progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of cellulose synthesis and construction of the plant cell wall. A plethora of cesa and csl mutants have been characterized, providing functional insights into individual protein isoforms. Recent structural studies have uncovered the mode of CesA assembly and the dynamics of cellulose production. Genetics and structural biology have generated new knowledge and have accelerated the pace of discovery in this field, ultimately opening perspectives towards cellulose synthesis manipulation. This review provides an overview of the major breakthroughs gathering previous and recent genetic and structural advancements, focusing on the function of CesA and Csl catalytic domain in plants.
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16
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Ajayi OO, Held MA, Showalter AM. Two β-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactans function in mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:245. [PMID: 34051740 PMCID: PMC8164333 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are heavily glycosylated with type II arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides attached to hydroxyproline residues in their protein backbone. Type II AGs are necessary for plant growth and critically important for the establishment of normal cellular functions. Despite the importance of type II AGs in plant development, our understanding of the underlying role of these glycans/sugar residues in mucilage formation and seed coat epidermal cell development is poorly understood and far from complete. One such sugar residue is the glucuronic acid residues of AGPs that are transferred onto AGP glycans by the action of β-glucuronosyltransferase genes/enzymes. RESULTS Here, we have characterized two β-glucuronosyltransferase genes, GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C, that are involved in the transfer of β-glucuronic acid (GlcA) to type II AGs. Using a reverse genetics approach, we observed that glcat14a-1 mutants displayed subtle alterations in mucilage pectin homogalacturonan (HG) compared to wild type (WT), while glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants displayed much more severe mucilage phenotypes, including loss of adherent mucilage and significant alterations in cellulose ray formation and seed coat morphology. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed significant alterations in the sugar amounts of glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT in the adherent and non-adherent seed mucilage. Also, a reduction in total mucilage content was observed in glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT. In addition, glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants showed defects in pectin formation, calcium content and the degree of pectin methyl-esterification (DM) as well as reductions in crystalline cellulose content and seed size. CONCLUSIONS These results raise important questions regarding cell wall polymer interactions and organization during mucilage formation. We propose that the enzymatic activities of GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C play partially redundant roles and are required for the organization of the mucilage matrix and seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana. This work brings us a step closer towards identifying potential gene targets for engineering plant cell walls for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi O. Ajayi
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Michael A. Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Allan M. Showalter
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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17
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Ding A, Tang X, Yang D, Wang M, Ren A, Xu Z, Hu R, Zhou G, O’Neill M, Kong Y. ERF4 and MYB52 transcription factors play antagonistic roles in regulating homogalacturonan de-methylesterification in Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:381-403. [PMID: 33709105 PMCID: PMC8136884 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Homogalacturonan (HG), a component of pectin, is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus in its fully methylesterified form. It is then secreted into the apoplast where it is typically de-methylesterified by pectin methylesterases (PME). Secretion and de-esterification are critical for normal pectin function, yet the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a mechanism that fine-tunes the degree of HG de-methylesterification (DM) in the mucilage that surrounds Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. We demonstrate that the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor (TF) ERF4 is a transcriptional repressor that positively regulates HG DM. ERF4 expression is confined to epidermal cells in the early stages of seed coat development. The adhesiveness of the erf4 mutant mucilage was decreased as a result of an increased DM caused by a decrease in PME activity. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that ERF4 positively regulates HG DM by suppressing the expression of three PME INHIBITOR genes (PMEIs) and SUBTILISIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEASE 1.7 (SBT1.7). ERF4 shares common targets with the TF MYB52, which also regulates pectin DM. Nevertheless, the erf4-2 myb52 double mutant seeds have a wild-type mucilage phenotype. We provide evidence that ERF4 and MYB52 regulate downstream gene expression in an opposite manner by antagonizing each other's DNA-binding ability through a physical interaction. Together, our findings reveal that pectin DM in the seed coat is fine-tuned by an ERF4-MYB52 transcriptional complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xianfeng Tang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Angyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zongchang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Malcolm O’Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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18
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Kong Y, Pei S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhou G, Hu R. HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS2 regulates cellulose biosynthesis in seed coat mucilage by activating CELLULOSE SYNTHASE5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:77-93. [PMID: 33631797 PMCID: PMC8133575 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins involved in cellulose biosynthesis and assembly have been functionally characterized. Nevertheless, we have a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of the genes that encode these proteins. Here, we report that HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS2 (HDG2), a Homeobox-Leucine Zipper IV transcription factor, regulates cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat mucilage. HDG2 is a transcriptional activator with the transactivation domain located within its Leucine-Zipper domain. Transcripts of HDG2 were detected specifically in seed coat epidermal cells with peak expression at 10 d postanthesis. Disruptions of HDG2 led to seed coat mucilage with aberrant morphology due to a reduction in its crystalline cellulose content. Electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast one-hybrid assays, together with chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR, provided evidence that HDG2 directly activates CELLULOSE SYNTHASE5 (CESA5) expression by binding to the L1-box cis-acting element in its promoter. Overexpression of CESA5 partially rescued the mucilage defects of hdg2-3. Together, our data suggest that HDG2 directly activates CESA5 expression and thus is a positive regulator of cellulose biosynthesis in seed coat mucilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
- Author for communication:
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19
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Jayawardhane KN, Singer SD, Ozga JA, Rizvi SM, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Seed-specific down-regulation of Arabidopsis CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 1 or 9 reduces seed cellulose content and differentially affects carbon partitioning. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:953-969. [PMID: 32314045 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed-specific down-regulation of AtCESA1 and AtCESA9, which encode cellulose synthase subunits, differentially affects seed storage compound accumulation in Arabidopsis. High amounts of cellulose can negatively affect crop seed quality, and, therefore, diverting carbon partitioning from cellulose to oil, protein and/or starch via molecular breeding may improve seed quality. To determine the effect of seed cellulose content reduction on levels of storage compounds, Arabidopsis thaliana CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1 (AtCESA1) and AtCESA9 genes, which both encode cellulose synthase subunits, were individually down-regulated using seed-specific intron-spliced hairpin RNA (hpRNAi) constructs. The selected seed-specific AtCESA1 and AtCESA9 Arabidopsis RNAi lines displayed reduced cellulose contents in seeds, and exhibited no obvious visual phenotypic growth defects with the exception of a minor effect on early root development in AtCESA1 RNAi seedlings and early hypocotyl elongation in the dark in both types of RNAi line. The seed-specific down-regulation of AtCESA9 resulted in a reduction in seed weight compared to empty vector controls, which was not observed in AtCESA1 RNAi lines. In terms of effects on carbon partitioning, AtCESA1 and AtCESA9 RNAi lines exhibited distinct effects. The down-regulation of AtCESA1 led to a ~ 3% relative increase in seed protein content (P = 0.04) and a ~ 3% relative decrease in oil content (P = 0.02), but caused no alteration in soluble glucose levels. On the contrary, AtCESA9 RNAi lines did not display a significant reduction in seed oil, protein or soluble glucose content. Taken together, our results indicate that the seed-specific down-regulation of AtCESA1 causes alterations in seed storage compound accumulation, while the effect of AtCESA9 on carbon partitioning is absent or minor in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Jocelyn A Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Syed Masood Rizvi
- Corteva Agriscience, Site 600, RR #6, PO Box 12, Saskatoon, SK, S7K 3J9, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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20
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Gigli-Bisceglia N, Engelsdorf T, Hamann T. Plant cell wall integrity maintenance in model plants and crop species-relevant cell wall components and underlying guiding principles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2049-2077. [PMID: 31781810 PMCID: PMC7256069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The walls surrounding the cells of all land-based plants provide mechanical support essential for growth and development as well as protection from adverse environmental conditions like biotic and abiotic stress. Composition and structure of plant cell walls can differ markedly between cell types, developmental stages and species. This implies that wall composition and structure are actively modified during biological processes and in response to specific functional requirements. Despite extensive research in the area, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling active and adaptive modifications of cell wall composition and structure is still limited. One of these regulatory processes is the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism, which monitors and maintains the functional integrity of the plant cell wall during development and interaction with environment. It is an important element in plant pathogen interaction and cell wall plasticity, which seems at least partially responsible for the limited success that targeted manipulation of cell wall metabolism has achieved so far. Here, we provide an overview of the cell wall polysaccharides forming the bulk of plant cell walls in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and the effects their impairment can have. We summarize our current knowledge regarding the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism and discuss that it could be responsible for several of the mutant phenotypes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Engelsdorf
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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21
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Abbas M, Peszlen I, Shi R, Kim H, Katahira R, Kafle K, Xiang Z, Huang X, Min D, Mohamadamin M, Yang C, Dai X, Yan X, Park S, Li Y, Kim SH, Davis M, Ralph J, Sederoff RR, Chiang VL, Li Q. Involvement of CesA4, CesA7-A/B and CesA8-A/B in secondary wall formation in Populus trichocarpa wood. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:73-89. [PMID: 31211386 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthase A genes (CesAs) are responsible for cellulose biosynthesis in plant cell walls. In this study, functions of secondary wall cellulose synthases PtrCesA4, PtrCesA7-A/B and PtrCesA8-A/B were characterized during wood formation in Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray). CesA RNAi knockdown transgenic plants exhibited stunted growth, narrow leaves, early necrosis, reduced stature, collapsed vessels, thinner fiber cell walls and extended fiber lumen diameters. In the RNAi knockdown transgenics, stems exhibited reduced mechanical strength, with reduced modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The reduced mechanical strength may be due to thinner fiber cell walls. Vessels in the xylem of the transgenics were collapsed, indicating that water transport in xylem may be affected and thus causing early necrosis in leaves. A dramatic decrease in cellulose content was observed in the RNAi knockdown transgenics. Compared with wildtype, the cellulose content was significantly decreased in the PtrCesA4, PtrCesA7 and PtrCesA8 RNAi knockdown transgenics. As a result, lignin and xylem contents were proportionally increased. The wood composition changes were confirmed by solid-state NMR, two-dimensional solution-state NMR and sum-frequency-generation vibration (SFG) analyses. Both solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and SFG analyses demonstrated that knockdown of PtrCesAs did not affect cellulose crystallinity index. Our results provided the evidence for the involvement of PtrCesA4, PtrCesA7-A/B and PtrCesA8-A/B in secondary cell wall formation in wood and demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of their perturbations on wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Abbas
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ilona Peszlen
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Rui Katahira
- National Bioenergy Center, NREL, Golden, Co, USA
| | - Kabindra Kafle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhouyang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Douyong Min
- Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Makarem Mohamadamin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chenmin Yang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xinren Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Sunkyu Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark Davis
- National Bioenergy Center, NREL, Golden, Co, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Ronald R Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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22
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Song X, Li Y, Cao X, Qi Y. MicroRNAs and Their Regulatory Roles in Plant-Environment Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:489-525. [PMID: 30848930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotide noncoding RNAs abundant in plants and animals. The biogenesis of plant miRNAs involves transcription of miRNA genes, processing of primary miRNA transcripts by DICER-LIKE proteins into mature miRNAs, and loading of mature miRNAs into ARGONAUTE proteins to form miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). By targeting complementary sequences, miRISC negatively regulates gene expression, thereby coordinating plant development and plant-environment interactions. In this review, we present and discuss recent updates on the mechanisms and regulation of miRNA biogenesis, miRISC assembly and actions as well as the regulatory roles of miRNAs in plant developmental plasticity, abiotic/biotic responses, and symbiotic/parasitic interactions. Finally, we suggest future directions for plant miRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Analysis of potential strategies for cadmium stress tolerance revealed by transcriptome analysis of upland cotton. Sci Rep 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 30643161 PMCID: PMC6331580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, heavy metal pollution has become a more serious global problem, and all countries are actively engaged in finding methods to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil. We conducted transcriptome sequencing of the roots of cotton grown under three different cadmium concentrations, and analysed the potential strategies for coping with cadmium stress. Through Gene Ontology analysis, we found that most of the genes differentially regulated under cadmium stress were associated with catalytic activity and binding action, especially metal iron binding, and specific metabolic and cellular processes. The genes responsive to cadmium stress were mainly related to membrane and response to stimulus. The KEGG pathways enriched differentially expressed genes were associated with secondary metabolite production, Starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanina metalism and biosynthesis, in order to improve the activity of antioxidant system, repair systems and transport system and reduction of cadmium toxicity. There are three main mechanisms by which cotton responds to cadmium stress: thickening of physical barriers, oxidation resistance and detoxification complexation. Meanwhile, identified a potential cotton-specific stress response pathway involving brassinolide, and ethylene signaling pathways. Further investigation is needed to define the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to cadmium stress. In this study potential coping strategies of cotton root under cadmium stress were revealed. Our findings can guide the selection of cotton breeds that absorb high levels of cadmium.
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Yang B, Voiniciuc C, Fu L, Dieluweit S, Klose H, Usadel B. TRM4 is essential for cellulose deposition in Arabidopsis seed mucilage by maintaining cortical microtubule organization and interacting with CESA3. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:881-895. [PMID: 30277578 PMCID: PMC6585848 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of the seed coat epidermal (SCE) cells in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to the production of a large amount of pectin-rich mucilage and a thick cellulosic secondary cell wall. The mechanisms by which cortical microtubules are involved in the formation of these pectinaceous and cellulosic cell walls are still largely unknown. Using a reverse genetic approach, we found that TONNEAU1 (TON1) recruiting motif 4 (TRM4) is implicated in cortical microtubule organization in SCE cells, and functions as a novel player in the establishment of mucilage structure. TRM4 is preferentially accumulated in the SCE cells at the stage of mucilage biosynthesis. The loss of TRM4 results in compact seed mucilage capsules, aberrant mucilage cellulosic structure, short cellulosic rays and disorganized cellulose microfibrils in mucilage. The defects could be rescued by transgene complementation of trm4 alleles. Probably, this is a consequence of a disrupted organization of cortical microtubules, observed using fluorescently tagged tubulin proteins in trm4 SCE cells. Furthermore, TRM4 proteins co-aligned with microtubules and interacted directly with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 3 in two independent assays. Together, the results indicate that TRM4 is essential for microtubule array organization and therefore correct cellulose orientation in the SCE cells, as well as the establishment of the subsequent mucilage architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG)BioEconomy Science CenterRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG)BioEconomy Science CenterRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
- Institute for Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐2: Plant Sciences)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Lanbao Fu
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG)BioEconomy Science CenterRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Sabine Dieluweit
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS‐7)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Holger Klose
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG)BioEconomy Science CenterRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
- Institute for Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐2: Plant Sciences)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG)BioEconomy Science CenterRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
- Institute for Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐2: Plant Sciences)Forschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
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25
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Miart F, Fontaine JX, Pineau C, Demailly H, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O, Pageau K, Mesnard F. MuSeeQ, a novel supervised image analysis tool for the simultaneous phenotyping of the soluble mucilage and seed morphometric parameters. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:112. [PMID: 30568724 PMCID: PMC6297999 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucilage is a model to study the polysaccharide biosynthesis since it is produced in large amounts and composed of complex polymers. In addition, it is of great economic interest for its technical and nutritional value. A fast method for phenotyping the released mucilage and the seed morphometric parameters will be useful for fundamental, food, pharmaceutical and breeding researches. Current strategies to phenotype soluble mucilage are restricted to visual evaluations or are highly time-consuming. RESULTS Here, we developed a high-throughput phenotyping method for the simultaneous measurement of the soluble mucilage content released on a gel and the seed morphometric parameters. Within this context, we combined a biochemical assay and an open-source computer-aided image analysis tool, MuSeeQ. The biochemical assay consists in sowing seeds on an agarose medium containing the dye toluidine blue O, which specifically stains the mucilage once it is released on the gel. The second part of MuSeeQ is a macro developed in ImageJ allowing to quickly extract and analyse 11 morphometric data of seeds and their respective released mucilages. As an example, MuSeeQ was applied on a flax recombinant inbred lines population (previously screened for fatty acids content.) and revealed significant correlations between the soluble mucilage shape and the concentration of some fatty acids, e.g. C16:0 and C18:2. Other fatty acids were also found to correlate with the seed shape parameters, e.g. C18:0 and C18:2. MuSeeQ was then showed to be used for the analysis of other myxospermous species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. CONCLUSIONS MuSeeQ is a low-cost and user-friendly method which may be used by breeders and researchers for phenotyping simultaneously seeds of specific cultivars, natural variants or mutants and their respective soluble mucilage area released on a gel. The script of MuSeeQ and video tutorials are freely available at http://MuSeeQ.free.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Miart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Present Address: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, INRA Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Pineau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de ressources régionales en biologie moléculaire, Bâtiment Serrres-Transfert, rue Dallery, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Van Wuytswinkel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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26
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Sechet J, Marion-Poll A, North HM. Emerging Functions for Cell Wall Polysaccharides Accumulated during Eudicot Seed Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E81. [PMID: 30274256 PMCID: PMC6313846 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of seeds is a reproductive strategy in higher plants that enables the dispersal of offspring through time and space. Eudicot seeds comprise three main components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat, where the coordinated development of each is important for the correct formation of the mature seed. In addition, the seed coat protects the quiescent progeny and can provide transport mechanisms. A key underlying process in the production of seed tissues is the formation of an extracellular matrix termed the cell wall, which is well known for its essential function in cytokinesis, directional growth and morphogenesis. The cell wall is composed of a macromolecular network of polymers where the major component is polysaccharides. The attributes of polysaccharides differ with their composition and charge, which enables dynamic remodeling of the mechanical and physical properties of the matrix by adjusting their production, modification or turnover. Accordingly, the importance of specific polysaccharides or modifications is increasingly being associated with specialized functions within seed tissues, often through the spatio-temporal accumulation or remodeling of particular polymers. Here, we review the evolution and accumulation of polysaccharides during eudicot seed development, what is known of their impact on wall architecture and the diverse roles associated with these in different seed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sechet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Annie Marion-Poll
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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27
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Francoz E, Lepiniec L, North HM. Seed coats as an alternative molecular factory: thinking outside the box. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:327-342. [PMID: 30056618 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed coats as commodities. Seed coats play important roles in the protection of the embryo from biological attack and physical damage by the environment as well as dispersion strategies. A significant part of the energy devoted by the mother plant to seed production is channeled into the production of the cell layers and metabolites that surround the embryo. Nevertheless, in crop species these are often discarded post-harvest and are a wasted resource that could be processed to yield co-products. The production of novel compounds from existing metabolites is also a possibility. A number of macromolecules are already accumulated in these maternal layers that could be exploited in industrial applications either directly or via green chemistry, notably flavonoids, lignin, lignan, polysaccharides, lipid polyesters and waxes. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the in planta biosynthesis pathways of these macromolecules and their molecular regulation as well as potential applications. We also outline recent work aimed at providing further tools for increasing yields of existing molecules or the development of novel biotech approaches, as well as trial studies aimed at exploiting this underused resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Francoz
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
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28
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Chen G, Cao X, Ma Z, Tang Y, Zeng Y, Chen L, Ye D, Zhang XQ. Overexpression of the nuclear protein gene AtDUF4 increases organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:459-462. [PMID: 30172581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuejuan Zeng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - De Ye
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Ben-Tov D, Idan-Molakandov A, Hugger A, Ben-Shlush I, Günl M, Yang B, Usadel B, Harpaz-Saad S. The role of COBRA-LIKE 2 function, as part of the complex network of interacting pathways regulating Arabidopsis seed mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:497-512. [PMID: 29446495 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of hydrophilic mucilage along the course of seed coat epidermal cell differentiation is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Previous studies have identified COBRA-LIKE 2 (COBL2), a member of the COBRA-LIKE gene family, as a novel component required for crystalline cellulose deposition in seed coat epidermal cells. In recent years, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs), also called mucilage secretory cells, have emerged as a powerful model system for the study of plant cell wall components biosynthesis, secretion, assembly and de muro modification. Despite accumulating data, the molecular mechanism of COBL function remains largely unknown. In the current research, we utilized genetic interactions to study the role of COBL2 as part of the protein network required for seed mucilage production. Using correlative phenotyping of structural and biochemical characteristics, unique features of the cobl2 extruded mucilage are revealed, including: 'unraveled' ray morphology, loss of primary cell wall 'pyramidal' organization, reduced Ruthenium red staining intensity of the adherent mucilage layer, and increased levels of the monosaccharides arabinose and galactose. Examination of the cobl2cesa5 double mutant provides insight into the interface between COBL function and cellulose deposition. Additionally, genetic interactions between cobl2 and fei1fei2 as well as between each of these mutants to mucilage-modified 2 (mum2) suggest that COBL2 functions independently of the FEI-SOS pathway. Altogether, the presented data place COBL2 within the complex protein network required for cell wall deposition in the context of seed mucilage and introduce new methodology expending the seed mucilage phenotyping toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ben-Tov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Idan-Molakandov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Hugger
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilan Ben-Shlush
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Zhang Y, Niu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang K. Occurrence of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) and the factors affecting them. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:126-136. [PMID: 29414333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas are the transition zones between ocean and land where intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (iARGs) and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) could spread among marine organisms, and between humans and marine organisms. However, little attention has been paid to the combined research on iARGs and eARGs in marine environment. In this context, we collected water and sediment samples from the coastal areas of the Bohai Bay in China and performed molecular and chemical analyses. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the relative abundance of eARGs was up to 4.3 ± 1.3 × 10-1 gene copies/16S rRNA copies in the water samples and 2.6 ± 0.3 × 10-3 gene copies/16S rRNA copies in the sediment samples. Also, the abundance of eARGs was significantly higher than that of iARGs. Furthermore, the average abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs, include iARGs and eARGs) were the highest in both the water and sediment samples from the estuaries. The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the concentrations of antibiotics in estuaries and areas near the mariculture site were higher than that in the other sites. The class 1 integron gene (int1) and sul1 in the intracellular DNA were significantly correlated in the water samples. Moreover, significant correlation between int1 and sul2 in the extracellular DNA was also found in the sediment samples. The combination of sulfamerazine and tetracycline as well as the combination of sulfamethazine and dissolved oxygen can both explain the abundance of ARGs, implying the combined effects of multiple stresses on ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiguang Niu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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31
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Seo JK, Kim MK, Kwak HR, Choi HS, Nam M, Choe J, Choi B, Han SJ, Kang JH, Jung C. Molecular dissection of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on comparative transcriptome analysis. Virology 2018; 516:1-20. [PMID: 29316505 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection of plants may cause various physiological symptoms associated with the reprogramming of plant gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms and associated genes underlying disease symptom development in plants infected with viruses are largely unknown. In this study, we employed RNA sequencing for in-depth molecular characterization of the transcriptional changes associated with the development of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that ToCV and TYLCV induced distinct transcriptional changes in tomato and resulted in the identification of important genes responsible for the development of symptoms of ToCV (i.e., chlorosis and anthocyanin accumulation) and TYLCV (i.e., yellowing, stunted growth, and leaf curl). Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis can provide molecular strategies to reduce the severity of disease symptoms as well as new insights for the development of virus-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyeong Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kwak
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nam
- SEEDERS Inc., Daejeon 34015, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Boram Choi
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Han
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonkyun Jung
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Garg R, Singh VK, Rajkumar MS, Kumar V, Jain M. Global transcriptome and coexpression network analyses reveal cultivar-specific molecular signatures associated with seed development and seed size/weight determination in chickpea. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1088-1107. [PMID: 28640939 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed development is an intricate process regulated via a complex transcriptional regulatory network. To understand the molecular mechanisms governing seed development and seed size/weight in chickpea, we performed a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome dynamics during seed development in two cultivars with contrasting seed size/weight (small-seeded, Himchana 1 and large-seeded, JGK 3). Our analysis identified stage-specific expression for a significant proportion (>13%) of the genes in each cultivar. About one half of the total genes exhibited significant differential expression in JGK 3 as compared with Himchana 1. We found that different seed development stages can be delineated by modules of coexpressed genes. A comparative analysis revealed differential developmental stage specificity of some modules between the two cultivars. Furthermore, we constructed transcriptional regulatory networks and identified key components determining seed size/weight. The results suggested that extended period of cell division during embryogenesis and higher level of endoreduplication along with more accumulation of storage compounds during maturation determine large seed size/weight. Further, we identified quantitative trait loci-associated candidate genes harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter sequences that differentiate small- and large-seeded chickpea cultivars. The results provide a valuable resource to dissect the role of candidate genes governing seed development and seed size/weight in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Garg
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Vikash K Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Nawaz MA, Rehman HM, Baloch FS, Ijaz B, Ali MA, Khan IA, Lee JD, Chung G, Yang SH. Genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of cellulose synthase gene superfamily in soybean. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 215:163-175. [PMID: 28704793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant cellulose synthase gene superfamily belongs to the category of type-2 glycosyltransferases, and is involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. These enzymes are vital for maintaining cell-wall structural integrity throughout plant life. Here, we identified 78 putative cellulose synthases (CS) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis against 40 reference Arabidopsis CS genes clustered soybean CSs into seven major groups (CESA, CSL A, B, C, D, E and G), located on 19 chromosomes (except chromosome 18). Soybean CS expansion occurred in 66 duplication events. Additionally, we identified 95 simple sequence repeat makers related to 44 CSs. We next performed digital expression analysis using publically available datasets to understand potential CS functions in soybean. We found that CSs were highly expressed during soybean seed development, a pattern confirmed with an Affymatrix soybean IVT array and validated with RNA-seq profiles. Within CS groups, CESAs had higher relative expression than CSLs. Soybean CS models were designed based on maximum average RPKM values. Gene co-expression networks were developed to explore which CSs could work together in soybean. Finally, RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 15 selected CSs during all four seed developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Babar Ijaz
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Dong Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.
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Mokshina N, Gorshkov O, Ibragimova N, Chernova T, Gorshkova T. Cellulosic fibres of flax recruit both primary and secondary cell wall cellulose synthases during deposition of thick tertiary cell walls and in the course of graviresponse. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:820-831. [PMID: 32480610 DOI: 10.1071/fp17105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthesising complex consists of cellulose synthase (CESA) subunits encoded by a multigene family; different sets of CESA genes are known to be expressed during primary and secondary cell wall formation. We examined the expression of LusCESAs in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cellulosic fibres at various stages of development and in the course of graviresponse by means of RNA-Seq and quantitative PCR. Transcripts for both primary and secondary cell wall-related CESAs were abundant in fibres depositing highly cellulosic tertiary cell walls. Gravistimulation of flax plants temporally increased the abundance of CESA transcripts, specifically in phloem fibres located at the pulling stem side. Construction of coexpression networks for LusCESAs revealed that both primary and secondary cell wall-related CESAs were involved in the joint coexpression group in fibres depositing tertiary cell walls, as distinct from other tissues, where these genes were within separate groups. The obtained data suggest that fibres depositing tertiary cell walls have a specific mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and a specific way of its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mokshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Nadezda Ibragimova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Tatyana Chernova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, Kazan, Russia 420111
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, Kazan, Russia 420111
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Griffiths JS, North HM. Sticking to cellulose: exploiting Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage to understand cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall polysaccharide interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:959-966. [PMID: 28191645 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall defines the shape of cells and ultimately plant architecture. It provides mechanical resistance to osmotic pressure while still being malleable and allowing cells to grow and divide. These properties are determined by the different components of the wall and the interactions between them. The major components of the cell wall are the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Cellulose biosynthesis has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis hypocotyls, and more recently in the mucilage-producing epidermal cells of the seed coat. The latter has emerged as an excellent system to study cellulose biosynthesis and the interactions between cellulose and other cell wall polymers. Here we review some of the major advances in our understanding of cellulose biosynthesis in the seed coat, and how mucilage has aided our understanding of the interactions between cellulose and other cell wall components required for wall cohesion. Recently, 10 genes involved in cellulose or hemicellulose biosynthesis in mucilage have been identified. These discoveries have helped to demonstrate that xylan side-chains on rhamnogalacturonan I act to link this pectin directly to cellulose. We also examine other factors that, either directly or indirectly, influence cellulose organization or crystallization in mucilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Griffiths
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, F-78000, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, F-78000, France
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36
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Xi W, Song D, Sun J, Shen J, Li L. Formation of wood secondary cell wall may involve two type cellulose synthase complexes in Populus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:419-429. [PMID: 27987127 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose biosynthesis is mediated by cellulose synthases (CesAs), which constitute into rosette-like cellulose synthase complexe (CSC) on the plasma membrane. Two types of CSCs in Arabidopsis are believed to be involved in cellulose synthesis in the primary cell wall and secondary cell walls, respectively. In this work, we found that the two type CSCs participated cellulose biosynthesis in differentiating xylem cells undergoing secondary cell wall thickening in Populus. During the cell wall thickening process, expression of one type CSC genes increased while expression of the other type CSC genes decreased. Suppression of different type CSC genes both affected the wall-thickening and disrupted the multilaminar structure of the secondary cell walls. When CesA7A was suppressed, crystalline cellulose content was reduced, which, however, showed an increase when CesA3D was suppressed. The CesA suppression also affected cellulose digestibility of the wood cell walls. The results suggest that two type CSCs are involved in coordinating the cellulose biosynthesis in formation of the multilaminar structure in Populus wood secondary cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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37
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Rao G, Sui J, Zhang J. Metabolomics reveals significant variations in metabolites and correlations regarding the maturation of walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Biol Open 2016; 5:829-36. [PMID: 27215321 PMCID: PMC4920193 DOI: 10.1242/bio.017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of walnut metabolites is related to its nutritive value and physiological characteristics, however, comprehensive information concerning the metabolome of walnut kernels is limited. In this study we analyzed the metabolites of walnut kernels at five developmental stages from filling to ripening using GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics; of a total 252 peaks identified, 85 metabolites were positively identified. Further statistical analysis revealed that these 85 metabolites covered different types of metabolism pathways. PCA scores revealed that the metabolic compositions of the embryo are different at each stage, while the metabolic composition of the endotesta could not be significantly separated into distinct groups. Additionally, 7225 metabolite-metabolite correlations were detected in walnut kernel by a Pearson correlation coefficient approach; during screening of the calculated correlations, 463 and 1047 were determined to be significant with r2≥0.49 and had a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05 in endotesta and embryo, respectively. This work provides the first comprehensive metabolomic study of walnut kernels and reveals that most of the carbohydrate and protein-derived carbon was transferred into other compounds, such as fatty acids, during the maturation of walnuts, which may potentially provide the basis for further studies on walnut kernel metabolism. Summary: This work provides a comprehensive metabolomic study of walnut kernels and reveals most of the carbohydrate and protein-derived carbons were transferred into other compounds during the maturation of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Republic of China Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, Republic of China
| | - Jinkai Sui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Republic of China Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, Republic of China
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38
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Characterization of Cellulose Synthesis in Plant Cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:8641373. [PMID: 27314060 PMCID: PMC4897727 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8641373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the most significant structural component of plant cell wall. Cellulose, polysaccharide containing repeated unbranched β (1-4) D-glucose units, is synthesized at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) from bacteria to plants. The CSC is involved in biosynthesis of cellulose microfibrils containing 18 cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. Macrofibrils can be formed with side by side arrangement of microfibrils. In addition, beside CesA, various proteins like the KORRIGAN, sucrose synthase, cytoskeletal components, and COBRA-like proteins have been involved in cellulose biosynthesis. Understanding the mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis is of great importance not only for improving wood production in economically important forest trees to mankind but also for plant development. This review article covers the current knowledge about the cellulose biosynthesis-related gene family.
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39
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Kooke R, Kruijer W, Bours R, Becker F, Kuhn A, van de Geest H, Buntjer J, Doeswijk T, Guerra J, Bouwmeester H, Vreugdenhil D, Keurentjes JJB. Genome-Wide Association Mapping and Genomic Prediction Elucidate the Genetic Architecture of Morphological Traits in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2187-203. [PMID: 26869705 PMCID: PMC4825126 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative traits in plants are controlled by a large number of genes and their interaction with the environment. To disentangle the genetic architecture of such traits, natural variation within species can be explored by studying genotype-phenotype relationships. Genome-wide association studies that link phenotypes to thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism markers are nowadays common practice for such analyses. In many cases, however, the identified individual loci cannot fully explain the heritability estimates, suggesting missing heritability. We analyzed 349 Arabidopsis accessions and found extensive variation and high heritabilities for different morphological traits. The number of significant genome-wide associations was, however, very low. The application of genomic prediction models that take into account the effects of all individual loci may greatly enhance the elucidation of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in plants. Here, genomic prediction models revealed different genetic architectures for the morphological traits. Integrating genomic prediction and association mapping enabled the assignment of many plausible candidate genes explaining the observed variation. These genes were analyzed for functional and sequence diversity, and good indications that natural allelic variation in many of these genes contributes to phenotypic variation were obtained. For ACS11, an ethylene biosynthesis gene, haplotype differences explaining variation in the ratio of petiole and leaf length could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Kooke
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Willem Kruijer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Ralph Bours
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Frank Becker
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - André Kuhn
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Henri van de Geest
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Jaap Buntjer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Timo Doeswijk
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - José Guerra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
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Kim EY, Park KY, Seo YS, Kim WT. Arabidopsis Small Rubber Particle Protein Homolog SRPs Play Dual Roles as Positive Factors for Tissue Growth and Development and in Drought Stress Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2494-510. [PMID: 26903535 PMCID: PMC4825120 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as repositories for fatty acids and sterols, which are used for various cellular processes such as energy production and membrane and hormone synthesis. LD-associated proteins play important roles in seed development and germination, but their functions in postgermination growth are not well understood. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains three SRP homologs (SRP1, SRP2, and SRP3) that share sequence identities with small rubber particle proteins of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In this report, the possible cellular roles of SRPs in postgermination growth and the drought tolerance response were investigated. Arabidopsis SRPs appeared to be LD-associated proteins and displayed polymerization properties in vivo and in vitro. SRP-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:SRP1, 35S:SRP2, and 35S:SRP3) exhibited higher vegetative and reproductive growth and markedly better tolerance to drought stress than wild-type Arabidopsis. In addition, constitutive over-expression of SRPs resulted in increased numbers of large LDs in postgermination seedlings. In contrast, single (srp1, 35S:SRP2-RNAi, and srp3) and triple (35S:SRP2-RNAi/srp1srp3) loss-of-function mutant lines exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis SRPs play dual roles as positive factors in postgermination growth and the drought stress tolerance response. The possible relationships between LD-associated proteins and the drought stress response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Sam Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Hu R, Li J, Wang X, Zhao X, Yang X, Tang Q, He G, Zhou G, Kong Y. Xylan synthesized by Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) maintains the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1243-57. [PMID: 26834178 PMCID: PMC4762376 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
During differentiation, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of pectinaceous mucilage into the apoplast, which is then released to encapsulate the seed upon imbibition. In this study, we showed that mutation in Irregular Xylem 14 (IRX14) led to a mucilage cohesiveness defect due to a reduced xylan content. Expression of IRX14 was detected specifically in the seed coat epidermal cells, reaching peak expression at 13 days post-anthesis (DPA) when the accumulation of mucilage polysaccharides has ceased. Sectioning of the irx14-1 seed coat revealed no visible structural change in mucilage secretory cell morphology. Although the total amount of mucilage was comparable with the wild type (WT), the partition between water-soluble and adherent layers was significantly altered in irx14-1, with redistribution from the adherent layer to the water-soluble layer. The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that xylose content was significantly reduced in irx14-1 water-soluble and adherent mucilage compared with the WT. The macromolecular characteristics of the water-soluble mucilage were modified in irx14-1 with a loss of the larger polymeric components. In accordance, glycome profiling and dot immunoblotting of seed mucilage using antibodies specific for rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) and xylan confirmed the ultra-structural alterations in the irx14-1 mucilage. Meanwhile, the crystalline cellulose content was reduced in the irx14-1 mucilage. These results demonstrated that IRX14 was required for the biosynthesis of seed mucilage xylan, which plays an essential role in maintaining mucilage architecture potentially through altering the crystallization and organization of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Hu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Junling Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Xun Zhao
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Xuanwen Yang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Guo He
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and Environment, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- Key laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
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Francoz E, Ranocha P, Burlat V, Dunand C. Arabidopsis seed mucilage secretory cells: regulation and dynamics. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:515-24. [PMID: 25998090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seeds from various angiosperm species produce polysaccharide mucilage facilitating germination and, therefore, conferring major evolutionary advantages. The seed epidermal mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) undergo numerous tightly controlled changes of their extracellular matrixes (ECMs) throughout seed development. Recently, major progress based on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana was published, including the identification of 54 genes necessary for mucilage synthesis and release. Here, we review these genes that constitute the so-called 'MSC toolbox', within which transcription factors and proteins related to polysaccharide production, secretion, modification, and stabilization are the most abundant and belong to complex regulatory networks. We also discuss how seed coat 'omics data-mining, comparative genomics, and operon-like gene cluster studies will provide means to identify new members of the MSC toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Francoz
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Philippe Ranocha
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Griffiths JS, Šola K, Kushwaha R, Lam P, Tateno M, Young R, Voiniciuc C, Dean G, Mansfield SD, DeBolt S, Haughn GW. Unidirectional movement of cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells deposit cellulose involved in mucilage extrusion, adherence, and ray formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:502-20. [PMID: 25926481 PMCID: PMC4453796 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthase5 (CESA5) synthesizes cellulose necessary for seed mucilage adherence to seed coat epidermal cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The involvement of additional CESA proteins in this process and details concerning the manner in which cellulose is deposited in the mucilage pocket are unknown. Here, we show that both CESA3 and CESA10 are highly expressed in this cell type at the time of mucilage synthesis and localize to the plasma membrane adjacent to the mucilage pocket. The isoxaben resistant1-1 and isoxaben resistant1-2 mutants affecting CESA3 show defects consistent with altered mucilage cellulose biosynthesis. CESA3 can interact with CESA5 in vitro, and green fluorescent protein-tagged CESA5, CESA3, and CESA10 proteins move in a linear, unidirectional fashion around the cytoplasmic column of the cell, parallel with the surface of the seed, in a pattern similar to that of cortical microtubules. Consistent with this movement, cytological evidence suggests that the mucilage is coiled around the columella and unwinds during mucilage extrusion to form a linear ray. Mutations in CESA5 and CESA3 affect the speed of mucilage extrusion and mucilage adherence. These findings imply that cellulose fibrils are synthesized in an ordered helical array around the columella, providing a distinct structure to the mucilage that is important for both mucilage extrusion and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Griffiths
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Krešimir Šola
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Rekha Kushwaha
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Patricia Lam
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Mizuki Tateno
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Robin Young
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Gillian Dean
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany (J.S.G., K.Š., P.L., R.Y., C.V., G.D., G.W.H.) and Department of Wood Science (S.D.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4; andDepartment of Horticulture Plant Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology Program (R.K., M.T., S.D.) and University of Kentucky Seed Biology Group (R.K., M.T., S.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
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Kumar M, Turner S. Plant cellulose synthesis: CESA proteins crossing kingdoms. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:91-9. [PMID: 25104231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a biopolymer of considerable economic importance. It is synthesised by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) in species ranging from bacteria to higher plants. Enormous progress in our understanding of bacterial cellulose synthesis has come with the recent publication of both the crystal structure and biochemical characterisation of a purified complex able to synthesis cellulose in vitro. A model structure of a plant CESA protein suggests considerable similarity between the bacterial and plant cellulose synthesis. In this review article we will cover current knowledge of how plant CESA proteins synthesise cellulose. In particular the focus will be on the lessons learned from the recent work on the catalytic mechanism and the implications that new data on cellulose structure has for the assembly of CESA proteins into the large complex that synthesis plant cellulose microfibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Science, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Turner
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Science, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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45
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Ben-Tov D, Abraham Y, Stav S, Thompson K, Loraine A, Elbaum R, de Souza A, Pauly M, Kieber JJ, Harpaz-Saad S. COBRA-LIKE2, a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored COBRA-LIKE family, plays a role in cellulose deposition in arabidopsis seed coat mucilage secretory cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:711-24. [PMID: 25583925 PMCID: PMC4347734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of the maternally derived seed coat epidermal cells into mucilage secretory cells is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Recent studies identified cellulose as an important component of seed mucilage in various species. Cellulose is deposited as a set of rays that radiate from the seed upon mucilage extrusion, serving to anchor the pectic component of seed mucilage to the seed surface. Using transcriptome data encompassing the course of seed development, we identified COBRA-LIKE2 (COBL2), a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored COBRA-LIKE gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as coexpressed with other genes involved in cellulose deposition in mucilage secretory cells. Disruption of the COBL2 gene results in substantial reduction in the rays of cellulose present in seed mucilage, along with an increased solubility of the pectic component of the mucilage. Light birefringence demonstrates a substantial decrease in crystalline cellulose deposition into the cellulosic rays of the cobl2 mutants. Moreover, crystalline cellulose deposition into the radial cell walls and the columella appears substantially compromised, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and in situ quantification of light birefringence. Overall, the cobl2 mutants display about 40% reduction in whole-seed crystalline cellulose content compared with the wild type. These data establish that COBL2 plays a role in the deposition of crystalline cellulose into various secondary cell wall structures during seed coat epidermal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ben-Tov
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Yael Abraham
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Shira Stav
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Kevin Thompson
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Ann Loraine
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Amancio de Souza
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Markus Pauly
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
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Voiniciuc C, Yang B, Schmidt MHW, Günl M, Usadel B. Starting to gel: how Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells produce specialized secondary cell walls. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3452-73. [PMID: 25658798 PMCID: PMC4346907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, the Arabidopsis seed coat epidermis (SCE) has been used as a model system to study the synthesis, secretion and modification of cell wall polysaccharides, particularly pectin. Our detailed re-evaluation of available biochemical data highlights that Arabidopsis seed mucilage is more than just pectin. Typical secondary wall polymers such as xylans and heteromannans are also present in mucilage. Despite their low abundance, these components appear to play essential roles in controlling mucilage properties, and should be further investigated. We also provide a comprehensive community resource by re-assessing the mucilage phenotypes of almost 20 mutants using the same conditions. We conduct an in-depth functional evaluation of all the SCE genes described in the literature and propose a revised model for mucilage production. Further investigation of SCE cells will improve our understanding of plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Heinrich-Wilhelm Schmidt
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics (IBMG), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Gonneau M, Desprez T, Guillot A, Vernhettes S, Höfte H. Catalytic subunit stoichiometry within the cellulose synthase complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1709-12. [PMID: 25352273 PMCID: PMC4256875 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose synthesis is driven by large plasma membrane-inserted protein complexes, which in plants have 6-fold symmetry. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), functional cellulose synthesis complexes (CSCs) are composed of at least three different cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs), but the actual ratio of the CESA isoforms within the CSCs remains unresolved. In this work, the stoichiometry of the CESAs in the primary cell wall CSC was determined, after elimination of CESA redundancy in a mutant background, by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry using label-free quantitative methods. Based on spectral counting, we show that CESA1, CESA3, and CESA6 are present in a 1:1:1 molecular ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Gonneau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Thierry Desprez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Alain Guillot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
| | - Herman Höfte
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.);AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France (M.G., T.D., S.V., H.H.); andInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbiologie de l'Alimentation au Service de la Santé, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest, Domaine de Vilvert 78352, Jouy en Josas cedex, France (A.G.)
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North HM, Berger A, Saez-Aguayo S, Ralet MC. Understanding polysaccharide production and properties using seed coat mutants: future perspectives for the exploitation of natural variants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1251-63. [PMID: 24607722 PMCID: PMC4195541 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal cells of the seed coat of certain species accumulate polysaccharides during seed development for cell wall reinforcement or release on imbibition to form mucilage. Seed-coat epidermal cells show natural variation in their structure and mucilage production, which could explain the diverse ecophysiological roles proposed for the latter. Arabidopsis mucilage mutants have proved to be an important tool for the identification of genes involved in the production of seed-coat polysaccharides. SCOPE This review documents genes that have been characterized as playing a role in the differentiation of the epidermal cells of the arabidopsis seed coat, the natural variability in polysaccharide features of these cells and the physiological roles attributed to seed mucilage. CONCLUSIONS Seed-coat epidermal cells are an excellent model for the study of polysaccharide metabolism and properties. Intra- and interspecies natural variation in the differentiation of these epidermal cells is an under-exploited resource for such studies and promises to play an important part in improving our knowledge of polysaccharide production and ecophysiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M North
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Adeline Berger
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-78026 Versailles, France
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Guerriero G, Legay S, Hausman JF. Alfalfa Cellulose synthase gene expression under abiotic stress: a Hitchhiker's guide to RT-qPCR normalization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103808. [PMID: 25084115 PMCID: PMC4118957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress represents a serious threat affecting both plant fitness and productivity. One of the promptest responses that plants trigger following abiotic stress is the differential expression of key genes, which enable to face the adverse conditions. It is accepted and shown that the cell wall senses and broadcasts the stress signal to the interior of the cell, by triggering a cascade of reactions leading to resistance. Therefore the study of wall-related genes is particularly relevant to understand the metabolic remodeling triggered by plants in response to exogenous stresses. Despite the agricultural and economical relevance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), no study, to our knowledge, has addressed specifically the wall-related gene expression changes in response to exogenous stresses in this important crop, by monitoring the dynamics of wall biosynthetic gene expression. We here identify and analyze the expression profiles of nine cellulose synthases, together with other wall-related genes, in stems of alfalfa plants subjected to different abiotic stresses (cold, heat, salt stress) at various time points (e.g. 0, 24, 72 and 96 h). We identify 2 main responses for specific groups of genes, i.e. a salt/heat-induced and a cold/heat-repressed group of genes. Prior to this analysis we identified appropriate reference genes for expression analyses in alfalfa, by evaluating the stability of 10 candidates across different tissues (namely leaves, stems, roots), under the different abiotic stresses and time points chosen. The results obtained confirm an active role played by the cell wall in response to exogenous stimuli and constitute a step forward in delineating the complex pathways regulating the response of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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