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Xu X, Zhu Y, Yuan Y, Sohail H, He S, Ye Y, Wang M, Lv M, Qi X, Yang X, Chen X. R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsMYB60 controls mature fruit skin color by regulating flavonoid accumulation in cucumber. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38733630 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Skin color is an important trait that determines the cosmetic appearance and quality of fruits. In cucumber, the skin color ranges from white to brown in mature fruits. However, the genetic basis for this important trait remains unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association study of natural cucumber populations, along with map-based cloning techniques, on an F2 population resulting from a cross between Pepino (with yellow-brown fruit skin) and Zaoer-N (with creamy fruit skin). We identified CsMYB60 as a candidate gene responsible for skin coloration in mature cucumber fruits. In cucumber accessions with white to pale yellow skin color, a premature stop mutation (C to T) was found in the second exon region of CsMYB60, whereas light yellow cucumber accessions exhibited splicing premature termination caused by an intronic mutator-like element insertion in CsMYB60. Transgenic CsMYB60c cucumber plants displayed a yellow-brown skin color by promoting accumulation of flavonoids, especially hyperoside, a yellow-colored flavonol. CsMYB60c encodes a nuclear protein that primarily acts as a transcriptional activator through its C-terminal activation motif. RNA sequencing and DNA affinity purification sequencing assays revealed that CsMYB60c promotes skin coloration by directly binding to the YYTACCTAMYT motif in the promoter regions of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including CsF3'H, which encodes flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase. The findings of our study not only offer insight into the function of CsMYB60 as dominantly controlling fruit coloration, but also highlight that intronic DNA mutations can have a similar phenotypic impact as exonic mutations, which may be valuable in future cucumber breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shuying He
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yi Ye
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Meixin Wang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Mai Lv
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
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Li X, Li C, Shi L, Lv G, Li X, Liu Y, Jia X, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhu L, Fu Y. Jasmonate signaling pathway confers salt tolerance through a NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y trimeric transcription factor complex in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113825. [PMID: 38386555 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) is a well-known phytohormone essential for plant response to biotic stress. Recently, a crucial role of JA signaling in salt resistance has been highlighted; however, the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y (NF-Y) subunits NF-YA1, NF-YB2, and NF-YC9 form a trimeric complex that positively regulates the expression of salinity-responsive genes, whereas JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN protein 8 (JAZ8) directly interacts with three subunits and acts as the key repressor to suppress both the assembly of the NF-YA1-YB2-YC9 trimeric complex and the transcriptional activation activity of the complex. When plants encounter high salinity, JA levels are elevated and perceived by the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE (COI) 1 receptor, leading to the degradation of JAZ8 via the 26S proteasome pathway, thereby releasing the activity of the NF-YA1-YB2-YC9 complex, initiating the activation of salinity-responsive genes, such as MYB75, and thus enhancing the salinity tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gaofeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Castaldi V, Langella E, Buonanno M, Di Lelio I, Aprile AM, Molisso D, Criscuolo MC, D'Andrea LD, Romanelli A, Amoresano A, Pinto G, Illiano A, Chiaiese P, Becchimanzi A, Pennacchio F, Rao R, Monti SM. Intrinsically disordered Prosystemin discloses biologically active repeat motifs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111969. [PMID: 38159610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The in-depth studies over the years on the defence barriers by tomato plants have shown that the Systemin peptide controls the response to a wealth of environmental stress agents. This multifaceted stress reaction seems to be related to the intrinsic disorder of its precursor protein, Prosystemin (ProSys). Since latest findings show that ProSys has biological functions besides Systemin sequence, here we wanted to assess if this precursor includes peptide motifs able to trigger stress-related pathways. Candidate peptides were identified in silico and synthesized to test their capacity to trigger defence responses in tomato plants against different biotic stressors. Our results demonstrated that ProSys harbours several repeat motifs which triggered plant immune reactions against pathogens and pest insects. Three of these peptides were detected by mass spectrometry in plants expressing ProSys, demonstrating their effective presence in vivo. These experimental data shed light on unrecognized functions of ProSys, mediated by multiple biologically active sequences which may partly account for the capacity of ProSys to induce defense responses to different stress agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Emma Langella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aprile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Martina Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Luca Domenico D'Andrea
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via Alfonso Corti 12, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Illiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cynthia 8, Napoli and Interuniversitary Consortium "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 80126 Roma, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB, CNR), via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Thulasi Devendrakumar K, Goldstein M, Kronstad J, Li X. Deletions within intronic T-DNA lead to reversion of T-DNA mutant phenotypes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:161-176. [PMID: 37773774 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation enables random transfer-DNA (T-DNA) insertion into plant genomes. T-DNA insertion into a gene's exons, introns or untranscribed regions close to the start or stop codon can disrupt gene function. Such T-DNA mutants have been useful for reverse genetics analysis, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. As T-DNAs are inserted into genomic DNA, they are generally believed to be stably inherited. Here, we report a phenomenon of reversion of intronic T-DNA mutant phenotypes. From a suppressor screen using intronic T-DNA pi4kβ1,2 double mutant, we recovered intragenic mutants of pi4kβ1, which suppressed the autoimmunity of the double mutant. These mutants carried deletions in the intronic T-DNAs, resulting in elevated transcription of normal PI4Kβ1. Such reversion of T-DNA insertional mutant phenotype stresses the need for caution when using intronic T-DNA mutants and reiterates the importance of using irreversible null mutant alleles in genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Madeleine Goldstein
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - James Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Xiao S, Wan Y, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Fan J, Xu Q, Gao Z, Wu C. Halomonas ventosae JPT10 promotes salt tolerance in foxtail millet ( Setaria italica) by affecting the levels of multiple antioxidants and phytohormones. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:275-290. [PMID: 37822729 PMCID: PMC10564379 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacterias (PGPBs) can increase crop output under normal and abiotic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the plant salt tolerance-promoting role of PGPBs still remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Halomonas ventosae JPT10 promoted the salt tolerance of both dicots and monocots. Physiological analysis revealed that JPT10 reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation by improving the antioxidant capability of foxtail millet seedlings. The metabolomic analysis of JPT10-inoculated foxtail millet seedlings led to the identification of 438 diversely accumulated metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, coumarins, sugar, alkaloids, organic acids, and lipids, under salt stress. Exogenous apigenin and chlorogenic acid increased the salt tolerance of foxtail millet seedlings. Simultaneously, JPT10 led to greater amounts of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and their derivatives but lower levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonate (JA), and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) under salt stress. Exogenous JA, methyl-JA, and OPDA intensified, whereas ibuprofen or phenitone, two inhibitors of JA and OPDA biosynthesis, partially reversed, the growth inhibition of foxtail millet seedlings caused by salt stress. Our results shed light on the response of foxtail millet seedlings to H. ventosae under salt stress and provide potential compounds to increase salt tolerance in foxtail millet and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Yiman Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Yue Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Yongdong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Jiayin Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Qian Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Zheng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
| | - Changai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant‐Microbial Restoration for Saline‐Alkali Land, College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong provinceChina
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Huang PC, Grunseich JM, Berg-Falloure KM, Tolley JP, Koiwa H, Bernal JS, Kolomiets MV. Maize OPR2 and LOX10 Mediate Defense against Fall Armyworm and Western Corn Rootworm by Tissue-Specific Regulation of Jasmonic Acid and Ketol Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1732. [PMID: 37761872 PMCID: PMC10530937 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foliage-feeding fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) and root-feeding western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) are maize (Zea mays L.) pests that cause significant yield losses. Jasmonic acid (JA) plays a pivotal defense role against insects. 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) is converted into JA by peroxisome-localized OPDA reductases (OPR). However, little is known about the physiological functions of cytoplasmic OPRs. Here, we show that disruption of ZmOPR2 reduced wound-induced JA production and defense against FAW while accumulating more JA catabolites. Overexpression of ZmOPR2 in Arabidopsis enhanced JA production and defense against beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua). In addition, lox10opr2 double mutants were more susceptible than either single mutant, suggesting that ZmOPR2 and ZmLOX10 uniquely and additively contributed to defense. In contrast to the defensive roles of ZmOPR2 and ZmLOX10 in leaves, single mutants did not display any alteration in root herbivory defense against WCR. Feeding on lox10opr2 double mutants resulted in increased WCR mortality associated with greater herbivory-induced production of insecticidal death acids and ketols. Thus, ZmOPR2 and ZmLOX10 cooperatively inhibit the synthesis of these metabolites during herbivory by WCR. We conclude that ZmOPR2 and ZmLOX10 regulate JA-mediated resistance in leaves against FAW while suppressing insecticidal oxylipin synthesis in roots during WCR infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Cheng Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA; (P.-C.H.); (K.M.B.-F.)
| | - John M. Grunseich
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA;
| | - Katherine M. Berg-Falloure
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA; (P.-C.H.); (K.M.B.-F.)
| | - Jordan P. Tolley
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843-2133, USA; (J.P.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843-2133, USA; (J.P.T.); (H.K.)
| | - Julio S. Bernal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA;
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA; (P.-C.H.); (K.M.B.-F.)
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7
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Wang Y, Yuan S, Shao C, Zhu W, Xiao D, Zhang C, Hou X, Li Y. BcOPR3 Mediates Defense Responses to Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens in Arabidopsis and Non-heading Chinese Cabbage. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2523-2537. [PMID: 35852468 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-22-0049-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways usually mediate the defense response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, respectively. Our previous work showed that after non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) was infected with the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica, expression of the JA biosynthetic gene BcOPR3 is induced; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we overexpressed BcOPR3 in Arabidopsis and silenced BcOPR3 in NHCC001 plants to study the defensive role of BcOPR3 in plants against pathogen invasion. The results showed that overexpression of BcOPR3 increased the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) but enhanced its resistance to Botrytis cinerea. BcOPR3-silenced NHCC001 plants with a 50% reduction in BcOPR3 expression increased their resistance to downy mildew by reducing the hyphal density and spores of H. parasitica. In addition, BcOPR3-partly silenced NHCC001 plants were also resistant to B. cinerea, which could be the result of a synergistic effect of JA and SA. These findings indicate a complicated role of BcOPR3 in the mediating defense responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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8
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Tao Y, Huang J, Jing HK, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Jasmonic acid is involved in root cell wall phosphorus remobilization through the nitric oxide dependent pathway in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2618-2630. [PMID: 35084463 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in phosphorus (P) stress in plants, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we found root endogenous JA content in rice increased under P deficiency (-P), suggesting that JA might participate in P homeostasis in plants. This hypothesis was further confirmed through the addition of exogenous JA (+JA), as this could increase both the root and shoot soluble P content through regulating root cell wall P reutilization. In addition, -P+JA treatment significantly induced the expression of P transporter gene OsPT2, together with increased xylem P content, implying that JA is also important for P translocation from the root to the shoot in P-deficient rice. Furthermore, the accumulation of the molecular signal nitric oxide (NO) was enhanced under -P+JA treatment when compared with -P treatment alone, while the addition of c-PTIO, a scavenger of NO, could reverse the P-deficient phenotype alleviated by JA. Taken together, our results reveal a JA-NO-cell wall P reutilization pathway under P deficiency in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huai Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Xiang S, Wu S, Jing Y, Chen L, Yu D. Phytochrome B regulates jasmonic acid-mediated defense response against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:109-115. [PMID: 35281129 PMCID: PMC8897165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome B mediated light signaling integrates with various phytohormone signalings to control plant immune response. However, it is still unclear whether phyB-mediated light signaling has an effect on the biosynthesis of jasmonate during plant defense response against Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we demonstrated that phyB-mediated light signaling has a role in this process. Initially, we confirmed that phyb plants were obviously less resistant to B. cinerea while phyB overexpressing plants showed significantly enhanced resistance. We also found that the expression of numerous JA biosynthesis genes was promoted upon treatment with red or white light when compared to that of darkness, and that this promotion is dependent on phyB. Consistent with the gene expression results, phyb plants accumulated reduced pool of JA-Ile, indicating that phyB-mediated light signaling indeed increased JA biosynthesis. Further genetic analysis showed that light-mediated JAZ9 degradation and phyB-enhanced resistance were dependent on the receptor COI1, and that pif1/3/4/5 (pifq) can largely rescue the severe symptom of phyb. Taken together, our study demonstrates that phyB may participate in plant defense against B. cinerea through the modulation of the biosynthesis of JA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Songguo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yifen Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Corresponding author. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China; Fax: +86 871 65160916.
| | - Diqiu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Corresponding author. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China; Fax: +86 871 65160916.
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10
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Fungal Jasmonate as a Novel Morphogenetic Signal for Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090693. [PMID: 34575731 PMCID: PMC8471849 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question that has remained unanswered is how pathogenic fungi switch from vegetative growth to infection-related morphogenesis during a disease cycle. Here, we identify a fungal oxylipin analogous to the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), as the principal regulator of such a developmental switch to isotropic growth and pathogenicity in the rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Using specific inhibitors and mutant analyses, we determined the molecular function of intrinsic jasmonates during M. oryzae pathogenesis. Loss of 12-Oxo-phytodienoic Acid (OPDA) Reductase and/or consequent reduction of jasmonate biosynthesis, prolonged germ tube growth and caused delayed initiation and improper development of infection structures in M. oryzae, reminiscent of phenotypic defects upon impaired cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling. Chemical- or genetic-complementation completely restored proper vegetative growth and appressoria in opr1Δ. Mass spectrometry-based quantification revealed increased OPDA accumulation and significantly decreased jasmonate levels in opr1Δ. Most interestingly, exogenous jasmonate restored proper appressorium formation in pth11Δ that lacks G protein/cAMP signaling; but failed to do so in the Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase mutants. Epistasis analysis placed jasmonate upstream of the cAMP pathway in rice blast. Mechanistically, intrinsic jasmonate orchestrates timely cessation of the vegetative phase and induces pathogenic development via a complex regulatory interaction with the cAMP-PKA cascade and redox signaling in rice blast.
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11
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Lanthanum(III) triggers AtrbohD- and jasmonic acid-dependent systemic endocytosis in plants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4327. [PMID: 34267202 PMCID: PMC8282819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trivalent rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in agriculture. Aerially applied REEs enter leaf epidermal cells by endocytosis and act systemically to improve the growth of the whole plant. The mechanistic basis of their systemic activity is unclear. Here, we show that treatment of Arabidopsis leaves with trivalent lanthanum [La(III)], a representative of REEs, triggers systemic endocytosis from leaves to roots. La(III)-induced systemic endocytosis requires AtrbohD-mediated reactive oxygen species production and jasmonic acid. Systemic endocytosis impacts the accumulation of mineral elements and the development of roots consistent with the growth promoting effects induced by aerially applied REEs. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis of REE activity in plants.
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12
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Regulation of Sixth Seminal Root Formation by Jasmonate in Triticum aestivum L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020219. [PMID: 33498738 PMCID: PMC7911905 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A well-developed root system is an important characteristic of crop plants, which largely determines their productivity, especially under conditions of water and nutrients deficiency. Being Poaceous, wheat has more than one seminal root. The number of grown seminal roots varies in different wheat accessions and is regulated by environmental factors. Currently, the molecular mechanisms determining the number of germinated seminal roots remain poorly understood. The analysis of the root system development in germinating seeds of genetically modified hexaploid wheat plants with altered activity of jasmonate biosynthesis pathway and seeds exogenously treated with methyl jasmonate revealed the role of jasmonates in the regulation of sixth seminal root development. This regulatory effect strongly depends on the jasmonate concentration and the duration of the exposure to this hormone. The maximum stimulatory effect of exogenously applied methyl jasmonate on the formation of the sixth seminal root was achieved at 200 μM concentration after 48 h of treatment. Further increase in concentration and exposure time does not increase the stimulating effect. While 95% of non-transgenic plants under non-stress conditions possess five or fewer seminal roots, the number of plants with developed sixth seminal root reaches up to 100% when selected transgenic lines are treated with methyl jasmonate.
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13
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Latzel V, Münzbergová Z, Skuhrovec J, Novák O, Strnad M. Effect of experimental DNA demethylation on phytohormones production and palatability of a clonal plant after induction via jasmonic acid. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Latzel
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dept of Population Ecology Zámek 1 CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dept of Population Ecology Zámek 1 CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Experimental Botany and Palacký Univ. Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Experimental Botany and Palacký Univ. Olomouc Czech Republic
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14
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Tian X, Wang F, Zhao Y, Lan T, Yu K, Zhang L, Qin Z, Hu Z, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Rossi V, Peng H, Xin M. Heat shock transcription factor A1b regulates heat tolerance in wheat and Arabidopsis through OPR3 and jasmonate signalling pathway. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1109-1111. [PMID: 31559685 PMCID: PMC7152600 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tianyu Lan
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kuohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Qin
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Vincenzo Rossi
- Council for Agricultural Research and EconomicsResearch Centre for Cereal and Industrial CropsBergamoItaly
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for AgrobiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE)Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement (MOA)Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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15
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Monte I, Kneeshaw S, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Chini A, Zamarreño AM, García-Mina JM, Solano R. An Ancient COI1-Independent Function for Reactive Electrophilic Oxylipins in Thermotolerance. Curr Biol 2020; 30:962-971.e3. [PMID: 32142692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonate signaling pathway regulates development, growth, and defense responses in plants. Studies in the model eudicot, Arabidopsis thaliana, have identified the bioactive hormone (jasmonoyl-isoleucine [JA-Ile]) and its Coronatine Insensitive 1 (COI1)/Jasmonate-ZIM Domain (JAZ) co-receptor. In bryophytes, a conserved signaling pathway regulates similar responses but uses a different ligand, the JA-Ile precursor dinor-12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), to activate a conserved co-receptor. Jasmonate responses independent of JA-Ile and COI1, thought to be mediated by the cyclopentenone OPDA, have also been suggested, but experimental limitations in Arabidopsis have hindered attempts to uncouple OPDA and JA-Ile biosynthesis. Thus, a clear understanding of this pathway remains elusive. Here, we address the role of cyclopentenones in COI1-independent responses using the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, which is unable to synthesize JA-Ile but does accumulate OPDA and dn-OPDA. We demonstrate that OPDA and dn-OPDA activate a COI1-independent pathway that regulates plant thermotolerance genes, and consequently, treatment with these oxylipins protects plants against heat stress. Furthermore, we identify that these molecules signal through their electrophilic properties. By performing comparative analyses between M. polymorpha and two evolutionary distant species, A. thaliana and the charophyte alga Klebsormidium nitens, we demonstrate that this pathway is conserved in streptophyte plants and pre-dates the evolutionary appearance of the COI1-dependent jasmonate pathway, which later co-opted the pre-existing dn-OPDA as its ligand. Taken together, our data indicate that cyclopentenone-regulated COI1-independent signaling is an ancient conserved pathway, whose ancestral role was to protect plants against heat stress. This pathway was likely crucial for plants' successful land colonization and will be critical for adaption to current climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Monte
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sophie Kneeshaw
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jose M Franco-Zorrilla
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea Chini
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Navarra 31008, Spain
| | - Jose M García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Navarra 31008, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain.
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16
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Li C, Shi L, Wang Y, Li W, Chen B, Zhu L, Fu Y. Arabidopsis ECAP Is a New Adaptor Protein that Connects JAZ Repressors with the TPR2 Co-repressor to Suppress Jasmonate-Responsive Anthocyanin Accumulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:246-265. [PMID: 31706031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Suppression mechanisms mediated by transcriptional repressors commonly exist in diverse phytohormone signaling pathways. In Arabidopsis thaliana, JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are transcriptional repressors that function as negative regulators of diverse JA responses. Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA) is an adaptor protein connecting JAZs with the co-repressor, TOPLESS (TPL), to mediate gene repression in JA-dependent root growth inhibition and defense pathways. However, whether NINJA or other adaptor proteins are employed in other JA-responsive biological processes remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized protein, ECAP (EAR motif-Containing Adaptor Protein), directly interacts with JAZ6 and JAZ8 and enhances their transcriptional repression activities. We provide evidence that ECAP is a novel adaptor protein for JAZ6/8 recruitment of the transcriptional co-repressor, TOPLESS-RELATED 2 (TPR2), into a transcriptional repressor complex that represses the WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complex, an important transcriptional activator in the JA-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Our findings, together with previous reports, reveal that specific adaptor proteins play a critical role in distinct JA responses by pairing different JAZs (which possess overlapping but also specific functions) with the general co-repressors, TPL and TPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Binqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Qi J, Zhao X, Li Z. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Arabidopsis Mutant opr3-1 in Response to Exogenous MeJA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020571. [PMID: 31963133 PMCID: PMC7013738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) regulate the defense of biotic and abiotic stresses, growth, development, and many other important biological processes in plants. The comprehensive proteomic profiling of plants under JAs treatment provides insights into the regulation mechanism of JAs. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on the Arabidopsis wild type (Ws) and JA synthesis deficiency mutant opr3-1. The effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the proteome of opr3-1, which lacks endogenous JAs, were investigated. A total of 3683 proteins were identified and 126 proteins were differentially regulated between different genotypes and treatment groups. The functional classification of these differentially regulated proteins showed that they were involved in metabolic processes, responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress, the defense against pathogens and wounds, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and developmental processes. Exogenous MeJA treatment induced the up-regulation of a large number of defense-related proteins and photosynthesis-related proteins, it also induced the down-regulation of many ribosomal proteins in opr3-1. These results were further verified by a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 15 selected genes. Our research provides the basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism of JAs’ regulation of plant defense, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and development.
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18
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Dai Y, Ogilvie HA, Liu Y, Huang M, Markillie LM, Mitchell HD, Borrego EJ, Kolomiets MV, Gaffrey MJ, Orr G, Chehab EW, Mao WT, Braam J. Rosette core fungal resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2019; 250:1941-1953. [PMID: 31529398 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unlike rosette leaves, the mature Arabidopsis rosette core can display full resistance to Botrytis cinerea revealing the importance for spatial and developmental aspects of plant fungal resistance. Arabidopsis thaliana is a model host to investigate plant defense against fungi. However, many of the reports investigating Arabidopsis fungal defense against the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea, utilize rosette leaves as host tissue. Here we report organ-dependent differences in B. cinerea resistance of Arabidopsis. Although wild-type Arabidopsis rosette leaves mount a jasmonate-dependent defense that slows fungal growth, this defense is incapable of resisting fungal devastation. In contrast, as the fungus spreads through infected leaf petioles towards the plant center, or rosette core, there is a jasmonate- and age-dependent fungal penetration blockage into the rosette core. We report evidence for induced and preformed resistance in the rosette core, as direct rosette core inoculation can also result in resistance, but at a lower penetrance relative to infections that approach the core from infected leaf petioles. The Arabidopsis rosette core displays a distinct transcriptome relative to other plant organs, and BLADE ON PETIOLE (BOP) transcripts are abundant in the rosette core. The BOP genes, with known roles in abscission zone formation, are required for full Arabidopsis rosette core B. cinerea resistance, suggesting a possible role for BOP-dependent modifications that may help to restrict fungal susceptibility of the rosette core. Finally, we demonstrate that cabbage and cauliflower, common Brassicaceae crops, also display leaf susceptibility and rosette core resistance to B. cinerea that can involve leaf abscission. Thus, spatial and developmental aspects of plant host resistance play critical roles in resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens and are important to our understanding of plant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwan Dai
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Huw A Ogilvie
- Computer Science Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Michael Huang
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - E Wassim Chehab
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Wan-Ting Mao
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Janet Braam
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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19
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Balfagón D, Sengupta S, Gómez-Cadenas A, Fritschi FB, Azad RK, Mittler R, Zandalinas SI. Jasmonic Acid Is Required for Plant Acclimation to a Combination of High Light and Heat Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1668-1682. [PMID: 31594842 PMCID: PMC6878009 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the field, plants experience high light (HL) intensities that are often accompanied by elevated temperatures. Such conditions are a serious threat to agriculture production, because photosynthesis is highly sensitive to both HL intensities and high-temperature stress. One of the potential cellular targets of HL and heat stress (HS) combination is PSII because its degree of photoinhibition depends on the balance between the rate of PSII damage (induced by light stress), and the rate of PSII repair (impaired under HS). Here, we studied the responses of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to a combination of HL and HS (HL+HS) conditions. Combined HL+HS was accompanied by irreversible damage to PSII, decreased D1 (PsbA) protein levels, and an enhanced transcriptional response indicative of PSII repair activation. We further identified several unique aspects of this stress combination that included enhanced accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-Ile, elevated expression of over 2,200 different transcripts that are unique to the stress combination (including many that are JA-associated), and distinctive structural changes to chloroplasts. A mutant deficient in JA biosynthesis (allene oxide synthase) displayed enhanced sensitivity to combined HL+HS and further analysis revealed that JA is required for regulating several transcriptional responses unique to the stress combination. Our study reveals that JA plays an important role in the acclimation of plants to a combination of HL+HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Balfagón
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, 12071 Spain
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, 12071 Spain
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Ron Mittler
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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20
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Sham A, Al-Ashram H, Whitley K, Iratni R, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF. Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Multiple Environmental Stresses Identifies RAP2.4 Gene Associated with Arabidopsis Immunity to Botrytis cinerea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17010. [PMID: 31740741 PMCID: PMC6861241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify common genetic components during stress response responsible for crosstalk among stresses, and to determine the role of differentially expressed genes in Arabidopsis-Botrytis cinerea interaction. Of 1,554 B. cinerea up-regulated genes, 24%, 1.4% and 14% were induced by biotic, abiotic and hormonal treatments, respectively. About 18%, 2.5% and 22% of B. cinerea down-regulated genes were also repressed by the same stress groups. Our transcriptomic analysis indicates that plant responses to all tested stresses can be mediated by commonly regulated genes; and protein-protein interaction network confirms the cross-interaction between proteins regulated by these genes. Upon challenges to individual or multiple stress(es), accumulation of signaling molecules (e.g. hormones) plays a major role in the activation of downstream defense responses. In silico gene analyses enabled us to assess the involvement of RAP2.4 (related to AP2.4) in plant immunity. Arabidopsis RAP2.4 was repressed by B. cinerea, and its mutants enhanced resistance to the same pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the role of RAP2.4 in plant defense against B. cinerea. This research can provide a basis for breeding programs to increase tolerance and improve yield performance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Kenna Whitley
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE. .,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE.
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21
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Barros-Galvão T, Dave A, Cole A, Harvey D, Langer S, Larson TR, Vaistij FE, Graham IA. cis-12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid represses Arabidopsis seed germination in shade conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5919-5927. [PMID: 31326997 PMCID: PMC6812700 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent seed germination is induced by gibberellins (GA) and inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA). The widely accepted view of the GA/ABA ratio controlling germination does not, however, explain the fact that seeds deficient in ABA still germinate poorly under shade conditions that repress germination. In Arabidopsis, MOTHER-OF-FT-AND-TFL1 (MFT) acts as a key negative regulator of germination, modulating GA and ABA responses under shade conditions. Under full light the oxylipin cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of the stress-related phytohormone jasmonic acid, interacts with ABA and MFT to repress germination. Here, we show that under shade conditions both OPDA and ABA repress germination to varying extents. We demonstrate that the level of shade-induced MFT expression influences the ability of OPDA and/or ABA to fully repress germination. We also found that MFT expression decreases with seed age and this again correlates with the response of seeds to OPDA and ABA. We conclude that OPDA plays an essential role alongside ABA in repressing germination in response to shade and the combined effect of these phytohormones is integrated to a significant extent through MFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Barros-Galvão
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Anuja Dave
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Adama Cole
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - David Harvey
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Swen Langer
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tony R Larson
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Fabián E Vaistij
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian A Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Correspondence:
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Howe
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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23
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Nepal N, Yactayo‐Chang JP, Medina‐Jiménez K, Acosta‐Gamboa LM, González‐Romero ME, Arteaga‐Vázquez MA, Lorence A. Mechanisms underlying the enhanced biomass and abiotic stress tolerance phenotype of an Arabidopsis MIOX over-expresser. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00165. [PMID: 31497751 PMCID: PMC6718051 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is the first enzyme in the inositol route to ascorbate (L-ascorbic acid, AsA, vitamin C). We have previously shown that Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing MIOX have elevated foliar AsA content and displayed enhanced growth rate, biomass accumulation, and increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. In this work, we used a combination of transcriptomics, chromatography, microscopy, and physiological measurements to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms mediating the phenotype of the AtMIOX4 line. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in auxin synthesis, hydrolysis, transport, and metabolism, which are supported by elevated auxin levels both in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed by assays demonstrating their effect on epidermal cell elongation in the AtMIOX4 over-expressers. Additionally, we detected up-regulation of transcripts involved in photosynthesis and this was validated by increased efficiency of the photosystem II and proton motive force. We also found increased expression of amylase leading to higher intracellular glucose levels. Multiple gene families conferring plants tolerance/expressed in response to cold, water limitation, and heat stresses were found to be elevated in the AtMIOX4 line. Interestingly, the high AsA plants also displayed up-regulation of transcripts and hormones involved in defense including jasmonates, defensin, glucosinolates, and transcription factors that are known to be important for biotic stress tolerance. These results overall indicate that elevated levels of auxin and glucose, and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency in combination with up-regulation of abiotic stresses response genes underly the higher growth rate and abiotic stresses tolerance phenotype of the AtMIOX4 over-expressers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirman Nepal
- Arkansas Biosciences InstituteArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
| | | | - Karina Medina‐Jiménez
- Arkansas Biosciences InstituteArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
- INBIOTECAUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMéxico
| | | | | | | | - Argelia Lorence
- Arkansas Biosciences InstituteArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsArkansas State UniversityState UniversityARUSA
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24
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Pavlovič A, Mithöfer A. Jasmonate signalling in carnivorous plants: copycat of plant defence mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3379-3389. [PMID: 31120525 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-derived jasmonate phytohormones (JAs) regulate a wide spectrum of physiological processes in plants such as growth, development, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and defence against pathogen infection and insect attack. Recently, a new role for JAs has been revealed in carnivorous plants. In these specialized plants, JAs can induce the formation of digestive cavities and regulate enzyme production in response to different stimuli from caught prey. Appearing to be a new function for JAs in plants, a closer look reveals that the signalling pathways involved resemble known signalling pathways from plant defence mechanisms. Moreover, the digestion-related secretome of carnivorous plants is composed of many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and low molecular weight compounds, indicating that the plant carnivory syndrome is related to and has evolved from plant defence mechanisms. This review describes the similarities between defence and carnivory. It further describes how, after recognition of caught insects, JAs enable the carnivorous plants to digest and benefit from the prey. In addition, a causal connection between electrical and jasmonate signalling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů, CZ, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße, Jena, Germany
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25
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Burkhart SE, Llinas RJ, Bartel B. PEX16 contributions to peroxisome import and metabolism revealed by viable Arabidopsis pex16 mutants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:853-870. [PMID: 30761735 PMCID: PMC6613983 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes rely on peroxins (PEX proteins) for biogenesis, importing membrane and matrix proteins, and fission. PEX16, which is implicated in peroxisomal membrane protein targeting and forming nascent peroxisomes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is unusual among peroxins because it is inserted co-translationally into the ER and localizes to both ER and peroxisomal membranes. PEX16 mutations in humans, yeast, and plants confer some common peroxisomal defects; however, apparent functional differences have impeded the development of a unified model for PEX16 action. The only reported pex16 mutant in plants, the Arabidopsis shrunken seed1 mutant, is inviable, complicating analysis of PEX16 function after embryogenesis. Here, we characterized two viable Arabidopsis pex16 alleles that accumulate negligible PEX16 protein levels. Both mutants displayed impaired peroxisome function - slowed consumption of stored oil bodies, decreased import of matrix proteins, and increased peroxisome size. Moreover, one pex16 allele exhibited reduced growth that could be alleviated by an external fixed carbon source, decreased responsiveness to peroxisomally processed hormone precursors, and worsened or improved peroxisome function in combination with other pex mutants. Because the mutations impact different regions of the PEX16 gene, these viable pex16 alleles allow assessment of the importance of Arabidopsis PEX16 and its functional domains.
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26
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Palmer NA, Basu S, Heng-Moss T, Bradshaw JD, Sarath G, Louis J. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) feeding elicits differential defense responses in upland and lowland switchgrass. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218352. [PMID: 31194847 PMCID: PMC6564039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a low input, high biomass perennial grass being developed for the bioenergy sector. Upland and lowland cultivars can differ in their responses to insect herbivory. Fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is a generalist pest of many plant species and can feed on switchgrass as well. Here, in two different trials, FAW larval mass were significantly reduced when fed on lowland cultivar Kanlow relative to larvae fed on upland cultivar Summer plants after 10 days. Hormone content of plants indicated elevated levels of the plant defense hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its bioactive conjugate JA-Ile although significant differences were not observed. Conversely, the precursor to JA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) levels were significantly different between FAW fed Summer and Kanlow plants raising the possibility of differential signaling by OPDA in the two cultivars. Global transcriptome analysis revealed a stronger response in Kanlow plant relative to Summer plants. Among these changes were a preferential upregulation of several branches of terpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Kanlow plants suggesting that enhanced biosynthesis or accumulation of antifeedants could have negatively impacted FAW larval mass gain on Kanlow plants relative to Summer plants. A comparison of the switchgrass-FAW RNA-Seq dataset to those from maize-FAW and switchgrass-aphid interactions revealed that key components of plant responses to herbivory, including induction of JA biosynthesis, key transcription factors and JA-inducible genes were apparently conserved in switchgrass and maize. In addition, these data affirm earlier studies with FAW and aphids that the cultivar Kanlow can provide useful genetics for the breeding of switchgrass germplasm with improved insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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27
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Mou Y, Liu Y, Tian S, Guo Q, Wang C, Wen S. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the OPR Gene Family in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081914. [PMID: 31003470 PMCID: PMC6514991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs), which belong to the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family, are flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent oxidoreductases with critical functions in plants. Despite the clear characteristics of growth and development, as well as the defense responses in Arabidopsis, tomato, rice, and maize, the potential roles of OPRs in wheat are not fully understood. Here, forty-eight putative OPR genes were found and classified into five subfamilies, with 6 in sub. I, 4 in sub. II, 33 in sub. III, 3 in sub. IV, and 2 in sub. V. Similar gene structures and conserved protein motifs of TaOPRs in wheat were identified in the same subfamilies. An analysis of cis-acting elements in promoters revealed that the functions of OPRs in wheat were mostly related to growth, development, hormones, biotic, and abiotic stresses. A total of 14 wheat OPR genes were identified as tandem duplicated genes, while 37 OPR genes were segmentally duplicated genes. The expression patterns of TaOPRs were tissue- and stress-specific, and the expression of TaOPRs could be regulated or induced by phytohormones and various stresses. Therefore, there were multiple wheat OPR genes, classified into five subfamilies, with functional diversification and specific expression patterns, and to our knowledge, this was the first study to systematically investigate the wheat OPR gene family. The findings not only provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive understanding of the wheat OPR gene family, but could also be helpful for screening more candidate genes and breeding new varieties of wheat, with a high yield and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Mou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shujun Tian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiping Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chengshe Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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28
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Varsani S, Grover S, Zhou S, Koch KG, Huang PC, Kolomiets MV, Williams WP, Heng-Moss T, Sarath G, Luthe DS, Jander G, Louis J. 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Maize Defense against Corn Leaf Aphid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1402-1415. [PMID: 30643012 PMCID: PMC6446797 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The corn leaf aphid (CLA; Rhopalosiphum maidis) is a phloem sap-sucking insect that attacks many cereal crops, including maize (Zea mays). We previously showed that the maize inbred line Mp708, which was developed by classical plant breeding, provides enhanced resistance to CLA. Here, using electrophysiological monitoring of aphid feeding behavior, we demonstrate that Mp708 provides phloem-mediated resistance to CLA. Furthermore, feeding by CLA on Mp708 plants enhanced callose deposition, a potential defense mechanism utilized by plants to limit aphid feeding and subsequent colonization. In maize, benzoxazinoids (BX) or BX-derived metabolites contribute to enhanced callose deposition by providing heightened resistance to CLA. However, BX and BX-derived metabolites were not significantly altered in CLA-infested Mp708 plants, indicating BX-independent defense against CLA. Evidence presented here suggests that the constitutively higher levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) in Mp708 plants contributed to enhanced callose accumulation and heightened CLA resistance. OPDA enhanced the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and receptor genes, and the synergistic interactions of OPDA and CLA feeding significantly induced the expression of the transcripts encoding Maize insect resistance1-Cysteine Protease, a key defensive protein against insect pests, in Mp708 plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of OPDA on maize jasmonic acid-deficient plants caused enhanced callose accumulation and heightened resistance to CLA, suggesting that the OPDA-mediated resistance to CLA is independent of the jasmonic acid pathway. We further demonstrate that the signaling function of OPDA, rather than a direct toxic effect, contributes to enhanced CLA resistance in Mp708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Varsani
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Kyle G Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Pei-Cheng Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - W Paul Williams
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Dawn S Luthe
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
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29
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Young PG, Passalacqua MJ, Chappell K, Llinas RJ, Bartel B. A facile forward-genetic screen for Arabidopsis autophagy mutants reveals twenty-one loss-of-function mutations disrupting six ATG genes. Autophagy 2019; 15:941-959. [PMID: 30734619 PMCID: PMC6526838 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a process through which eukaryotic cells degrade large substrates including organelles, protein aggregates, and invading pathogens. Over 40 autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified through forward-genetic screens in yeast. Although homology-based analyses have identified conserved ATG genes in plants, only a few atg mutants have emerged from forward-genetic screens in Arabidopsis thaliana. We developed a screen that consistently recovers Arabidopsis atg mutations by exploiting mutants with defective LON2/At5g47040, a protease implicated in peroxisomal quality control. Arabidopsis lon2 mutants exhibit reduced responsiveness to the peroxisomally-metabolized auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), heightened degradation of several peroxisomal matrix proteins, and impaired processing of proteins harboring N-terminal peroxisomal targeting signals; these defects are ameliorated by preventing autophagy. We optimized a lon2 suppressor screen to expedite recovery of additional atg mutants. After screening mutagenized lon2-2 seedlings for restored IBA responsiveness, we evaluated stabilization and processing of peroxisomal proteins, levels of several ATG proteins, and levels of the selective autophagy receptor NBR1/At4g24690, which accumulates when autophagy is impaired. We recovered 21 alleles disrupting 6 ATG genes: ATG2/At3g19190, ATG3/At5g61500, ATG5/At5g17290, ATG7/At5g45900, ATG16/At5g50230, and ATG18a/At3g62770. Twenty alleles were novel, and 3 of the mutated genes lack T-DNA insertional alleles in publicly available repositories. We also demonstrate that an insertional atg11/At4g30790 allele incompletely suppresses lon2 defects. Finally, we show that NBR1 is not necessary for autophagy of lon2 peroxisomes and that NBR1 overexpression is not sufficient to trigger autophagy of seedling peroxisomes, indicating that Arabidopsis can use an NBR1-independent mechanism to target peroxisomes for autophagic degradation. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; ATI: ATG8-interacting protein; Col-0: Columbia-0; DSK2: dominant suppressor of KAR2; EMS: ethyl methanesulfonate; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IAA: indole-3-acetic acid; IBA: indole-3-butyric acid; ICL: isocitrate lyase; MLS: malate synthase; NBR1: Next to BRCA1 gene 1; PEX: peroxin; PMDH: peroxisomal malate dehydrogenase; PTS: peroxisomal targeting signal; thiolase: 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; WT: wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce G Young
- a Department of Biosciences , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | | | - Kevin Chappell
- a Department of Biosciences , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Biology , University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton , TX , USA
| | - Roxanna J Llinas
- a Department of Biosciences , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- a Department of Biosciences , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
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30
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Song GQ, Walworth A, Lin T, Chen Q, Han X, Irina Zaharia L, Zhong GY. VcFT-induced mobile florigenic signals in transgenic and transgrafted blueberries. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:105. [PMID: 31645960 PMCID: PMC6804590 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) can promote early flowering in annual species, but such role has not been well demonstrated in woody species. We produced self and reciprocal grafts involving non-transgenic blueberry (NT) and transgenic blueberry (T) carrying a 35S-driven blueberry FT (VcFT-OX). We demonstrated that the transgenic VcFT-OX rootstock promoted flowering of non-transgenic blueberry scions in the NT (scion):T (rootstock) grafts. We further analyzed RNA-Seq profiles and six groups of phytohormones in both NT:T and NT:NT plants. We observed content changes of several hormone metabolites, in a descending order, in the transgenic NT:T, non-transgenic NT:T, and non-transgenic NT:NT leaves. By comparing differential expression transcripts (DETs) of these tissues in relative to their control, we found that the non-transgenic NT:T leaves had many DETs shared with the transgenic NT:T leaves, but very few with the transgenic NT:T roots. Interestingly, a number of these shared DETs belong to hormone pathway genes, concurring with the content changes of hormone metabolites in both transgenic and non-transgenic leaves of the NT:T plants. These results suggest that phytohormones induced by VcFT-OX in the transgenic leaves might serve as part of the signals that resulted in early flowering in both transgenic plants and the non-transgenic NT:T scions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Aaron Walworth
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Tianyi Lin
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Qiuxia Chen
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Xiumei Han
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - L. Irina Zaharia
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - Gan-yuan Zhong
- Grape Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
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31
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Pigolev AV, Miroshnichenko DN, Pushin AS, Terentyev VV, Boutanayev AM, Dolgov SV, Savchenko TV. Overexpression of Arabidopsis OPR3 in Hexaploid Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Alters Plant Development and Freezing Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3989. [PMID: 30544968 PMCID: PMC6320827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates are plant hormones that are involved in the regulation of different aspects of plant life, wherein their functions and molecular mechanisms of action in wheat are still poorly studied. With the aim of gaining more insights into the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in wheat growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses, we have generated transgenic bread wheat plants overexpressing Arabidopsis 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE 3 (AtOPR3), one of the key genes of the JA biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of transgenic plants showed that AtOPR3 overexpression affects wheat development, including germination, growth, flowering time, senescence, and alters tolerance to environmental stresses. Transgenic wheat plants with high AtOPR3 expression levels have increased basal levels of JA, and up-regulated expression of ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE, a jasmonate biosynthesis pathway gene that is known to be regulated by a positive feedback loop that maintains and boosts JA levels. Transgenic wheat plants with high AtOPR3 expression levels are characterized by delayed germination, slower growth, late flowering and senescence, and improved tolerance to short-term freezing. The work demonstrates that genetic modification of the jasmonate pathway is a suitable tool for the modulation of developmental traits and stress responses in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Pigolev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Dmitry N Miroshnichenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Pushin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | | | | | - Sergey V Dolgov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
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Fattorini L, Hause B, Gutierrez L, Veloccia A, Della Rovere F, Piacentini D, Falasca G, Altamura MM. Jasmonate promotes auxin-induced adventitious rooting in dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and stem thin cell layers by a cross-talk with ethylene signalling and a modulation of xylogenesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:182. [PMID: 30189848 PMCID: PMC6127917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious roots (ARs) are often necessary for plant survival, and essential for successful micropropagation. In Arabidopsis thaliana dark-grown seedlings AR-formation occurs from the hypocotyl and is enhanced by application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) combined with kinetin (Kin). The same IBA + Kin-treatment induces AR-formation in thin cell layers (TCLs). Auxin is the main inducer of AR-formation and xylogenesis in numerous species and experimental systems. Xylogenesis is competitive to AR-formation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls and TCLs. Jasmonates (JAs) negatively affect AR-formation in de-etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, but positively affect both AR-formation and xylogenesis in tobacco dark-grown IBA + Kin TCLs. In Arabidopsis the interplay between JAs and auxin in AR-formation vs xylogenesis needs investigation. In de-etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, the Auxin Response Factors ARF6 and ARF8 positively regulate AR-formation and ARF17 negatively affects the process, but their role in xylogenesis is unknown. The cross-talk between auxin and ethylene (ET) is also important for AR-formation and xylogenesis, occurring through EIN3/EIL1 signalling pathway. EIN3/EIL1 is the direct link for JA and ET-signalling. The research investigated JA role on AR-formation and xylogenesis in Arabidopsis dark-grown seedlings and TCLs, and the relationship with ET and auxin. The JA-donor methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), and/or the ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were applied, and the response of mutants in JA-synthesis and -signalling, and ET-signalling investigated. Endogenous levels of auxin, JA and JA-related compounds, and ARF6, ARF8 and ARF17 expression were monitored. RESULTS MeJA, at 0.01 μM, enhances AR-formation, when combined with IBA + Kin, and the response of the early-JA-biosynthesis mutant dde2-2 and the JA-signalling mutant coi1-16 confirmed this result. JA levels early change during TCL-culture, and JA/JA-Ile is immunolocalized in AR-tips and xylogenic cells. The high AR-response of the late JA-biosynthesis mutant opr3 suggests a positive action also of 12-oxophytodienoic acid on AR-formation. The crosstalk between JA and ET-signalling by EIN3/EIL1 is critical for AR-formation, and involves a competitive modulation of xylogenesis. Xylogenesis is enhanced by a MeJA concentration repressing AR-formation, and is positively related to ARF17 expression. CONCLUSIONS The JA concentration-dependent role on AR-formation and xylogenesis, and the interaction with ET opens the way to applications in the micropropagation of recalcitrant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Angela Veloccia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Della Rovere
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Piacentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonates: News on Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Action of an Ancient Group of Signaling Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2539. [PMID: 30150593 PMCID: PMC6164985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Jasmonic acid (JA) and its related derivatives are ubiquitously occurring compounds of land plants acting in numerous stress responses and development. Recent studies on evolution of JA and other oxylipins indicated conserved biosynthesis. JA formation is initiated by oxygenation of α-linolenic acid (α-LeA, 18:3) or 16:3 fatty acid of chloroplast membranes leading to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) as intermediate compound, but in Marchantiapolymorpha and Physcomitrellapatens, OPDA and some of its derivatives are final products active in a conserved signaling pathway. JA formation and its metabolic conversion take place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and cytosol, respectively. Metabolites of JA are formed in 12 different pathways leading to active, inactive and partially active compounds. The isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) is the ligand of the receptor component COI1 in vascular plants, whereas in the bryophyte M. polymorpha COI1 perceives an OPDA derivative indicating its functionally conserved activity. JA-induced gene expressions in the numerous biotic and abiotic stress responses and development are initiated in a well-studied complex regulation by homeostasis of transcription factors functioning as repressors and activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Schmitt AJ, Roy R, Klinkenberg PM, Jia M, Carter CJ. The Octadecanoid Pathway, but Not COI1, Is Required for Nectar Secretion in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1060. [PMID: 30135692 PMCID: PMC6092685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over 75% of crop species produce nectar and are dependent on pollinators to achieve maximum seed set, yet little is known about the mechanisms regulating nectar secretion. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is recognized to be involved in several plant processes including development and defense. JA was also recently shown to positively influence nectar secretion in both floral and extrafloral nectaries. For example, endogenous JA levels peak in flowers just prior to nectar secretion, but the details of how JA regulates nectar secretion have yet to be elucidated. We have found that the octadecanoid pathway does indeed play a role in the production and regulation of floral nectar in Arabidopsis. Null alleles for several JA biosynthesis and response genes had significantly reduced amounts of nectar, as well as altered expression of genes known to be involved in nectar production. We additionally identified crosstalk between the JA and auxin response pathways in nectaries. For example, the nectar-less JA synthesis mutant aos-2 showed no auxin response in nectaries, but both nectar production and the auxin response were restored upon exogenous JA and auxin treatment. Conversely, coi1-1, a JA-Ile-insensitive receptor mutant, displayed no auxin response in nectaries under any circumstance, even in older flowers that produced nectar. Surprisingly, opr3-1, a mutant for 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 [an enzyme further down the JA biosynthetic pathway that reduces 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA)], produced no nectar in newly opened flowers, but did secrete nectar in older flowers. Furthermore, a similar phenotype was observed in coi1-1. Cumulatively, these observations strongly suggest an indispensable role for an octadecanoic acid- and auxin-dependent, but JA- and COI1-dispensible, pathway in regulating nectar production in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clay J. Carter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Heyer M, Scholz SS, Voigt D, Reichelt M, Aldon D, Oelmüller R, Boland W, Mithöfer A. Herbivory-responsive calmodulin-like protein CML9 does not guide jasmonate-mediated defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197633. [PMID: 29768484 PMCID: PMC5955546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger in plants that is released into the cytosol early after recognition of various environmental stimuli. Decoding of such calcium signals by calcium sensors is the key for the plant to react appropriately to each stimulus. Several members of Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) act as calcium sensors and some are known to mediate both abiotic and biotic stress responses. Here, we study the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana CML9 in different stress responses. CML9 was reported earlier as defense regulator against Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast to salicylic acid-mediated defense against biotrophic pathogens such as P. syringae, defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic fungi are mediated by jasmonates. We demonstrate that CML9 is induced upon wounding and feeding of the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. However, neither different CML9 loss-of-function mutant lines nor overexpression lines were impaired upon insect feeding. No difference in herbivore-induced phytohormone elevation was detected in cml9 lines. The defense against the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was also unaffected. In addition, cml9 mutant lines showed a wild type-like reaction to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Thus, our data suggest that CML9 might be a regulator involved only in the defense against biotrophic pathogens, independent of jasmonates. In addition, our data challenge the involvement of CML9 in plant drought stress response. Taken together, we suggest that CML9 is a specialized rather than a general regulator of stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Voigt
- Institute for Botany, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Didier Aldon
- UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Toulouse III, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Plant oxylipins form a constantly growing group of signaling molecules that comprise oxygenated fatty acids and metabolites derived therefrom. In the last decade, the understanding of biosynthesis, metabolism, and action of oxylipins, especially jasmonates, has dramatically improved. Additional mechanistic insights into the action of enzymes and insights into signaling pathways have been deepened for jasmonates. For other oxylipins, such as the hydroxy fatty acids, individual signaling properties and cross talk between different oxylipins or even with additional phytohormones have recently been described. This review summarizes recent understanding of the biosynthesis, regulation, and function of oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- On leave from Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
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Wasternack C, Hause B. A Bypass in Jasmonate Biosynthesis - the OPR3-independent Formation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:276-279. [PMID: 29530379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For the first time in 25 years, a new pathway for biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) has been identified. JA production takes place via 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) including reduction by OPDA reductases (OPRs). A loss-of-function allele, opr3-3, revealed an OPR3-independent pathway converting OPDA to JA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chini A, Monte I, Zamarreño AM, Hamberg M, Lassueur S, Reymond P, Weiss S, Stintzi A, Schaller A, Porzel A, García-Mina JM, Solano R. An OPR3-independent pathway uses 4,5-didehydrojasmonate for jasmonate synthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:171-178. [PMID: 29291349 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) requires reduction of the JA precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) by OPDA reductase 3 (OPR3). Previous analyses of the opr3-1 Arabidopsis mutant suggested an OPDA signaling role independent of JA-Ile and its receptor COI1; however, this hypothesis has been challenged because opr3-1 is a conditional allele not completely impaired in JA-Ile biosynthesis. To clarify the role of OPR3 and OPDA in JA-independent defenses, we isolated and characterized a loss-of-function opr3-3 allele. Strikingly, opr3-3 plants remained resistant to necrotrophic pathogens and insect feeding, and activated COI1-dependent JA-mediated gene expression. Analysis of OPDA derivatives identified 4,5-didehydro-JA in wounded wild-type and opr3-3 plants. OPR2 was found to reduce 4,5-didehydro-JA to JA, explaining the accumulation of JA-Ile and activation of JA-Ile-responses in opr3-3 mutants. Our results demonstrate that in the absence of OPR3, OPDA enters the β-oxidation pathway to produce 4,5-ddh-JA as a direct precursor of JA and JA-Ile, thus identifying an OPR3-independent pathway for JA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chini
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Monte
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, Navarre, Spain
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Lassueur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sally Weiss
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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39
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Epigenetic Regulation of Intronic Transgenes in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45166. [PMID: 28338020 PMCID: PMC5364540 DOI: 10.1038/srep45166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense mechanisms of plant genomes can epigenetically inactivate repetitive sequences and exogenous transgenes. Loss of mutant phenotypes in intronic T-DNA insertion lines by interaction with another T-DNA locus, termed T-DNA suppression, has been observed in Arabidopsis thaliana, although the molecular basis of establishment and maintenance of T-DNA suppression is poorly understood. Here we show that maintenance of T-DNA suppression requires heterochromatinisation of T-DNA sequences and the nuclear proteins, INCREASED IN BONSAI METHYLATION 2 (IBM2) and ENHANCED DOWNY MILDEW 2 (EDM2), which prevent ectopic 3′ end processing of mRNA in atypically long introns containing T-DNA sequences. Initiation of T-DNA suppression is mediated by the canonical RdDM pathway after hybridisation of two T-DNA strains, accompanied by DNA hypermethylation of T-DNA sequences in the F1 generation. Our results reveal the presence of a genome surveillance mechanism through genome hybridisation that masks repetitive DNAs intruding into transcription units.
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40
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Wasternack C, Song S. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling by proteins activating and repressing transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1303-1321. [PMID: 27940470 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, defense against insect attack and pathogen infection, and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as wounding, UV light, salt, and drought. JA was first identified in 1962, and since the 1980s many studies have analyzed the physiological functions, biosynthesis, distribution, metabolism, perception, signaling, and crosstalk of JA, greatly expanding our knowledge of the hormone's action. In response to fluctuating environmental cues and transient endogenous signals, the occurrence of multilayered organization of biosynthesis and inactivation of JA, and activation and repression of the COI1-JAZ-based perception and signaling contributes to the fine-tuning of JA responses. This review describes the JA biosynthetic enzymes in terms of gene families, enzymatic activity, location and regulation, substrate specificity and products, the metabolic pathways in converting JA to activate or inactivate compounds, JA signaling in perception, and the co-existence of signaling activators and repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelu 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Huang H, Gao H, Liu B, Qi T, Tong J, Xiao L, Xie D, Song S. Arabidopsis MYB24 Regulates Jasmonate-Mediated Stamen Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1525. [PMID: 28928760 PMCID: PMC5591944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonates (JAs) regulate various defense responses and diverse developmental processes including stamen development and fertility. Previous studies showed that JA induces CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1-mediated degradation of JA ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, and activates the MYB transcription factors (such as MYB21 and MYB24) to regulate stamen development. In this study, we further uncover the mechanism underlying how MYB24 interacts with JAZs to control JA-regulated stamen development. We show that N-terminus of MYB21/24 interacts with 10 out of 12 JAZ proteins while both N-terminus and C-terminus of MYB24 are involved in dimerization of MYB21 and MYB24. Interestingly, male sterility of the JA-deficient mutant opr3 can be rescued by suitable level of the MYB24 overexpression but not by excessive high level of MYB24. Surprisingly, overexpression of MYB24NT, but not MYB24CT, could cause male sterility. These results provide new insights on MYB factors in JA-regulated stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tiancong Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Daoxin Xie, Susheng Song,
| | - Susheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Daoxin Xie, Susheng Song,
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42
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Abstract
Expression takes place for most of the jasmonic acid (JA)-induced genes in a COI1-dependent manner via perception of its conjugate JA-Ile in the SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor complex. There are, however, numerous genes and processes, which are preferentially induced COI1-independently by the precursor of JA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). After recent identification of the Ile-conjugate of OPDA, OPDA-Ile, biological activity of this compound could be unequivocally proven in terms of gene expression. Any interference of OPDA, JA, or JA-Ile in OPDA-Ile-induced gene expression could be excluded by using different genetic background. The data suggest individual signaling properties of OPDA-Ile. Future studies for analysis of an SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor-independent route of signaling are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- CONTACT Bettina Hause Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany, Weinberg 3, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, D06120
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43
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Arnold MD, Gruber C, Floková K, Miersch O, Strnad M, Novák O, Wasternack C, Hause B. The Recently Identified Isoleucine Conjugate of cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Is Partially Active in cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid-Specific Gene Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162829. [PMID: 27611078 PMCID: PMC5017875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins of the jasmonate family are active as signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in development. Jasmonic acid (JA), its precursor cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and the isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) are the most prominent members. OPDA and JA-Ile have individual signalling properties in several processes and differ in their pattern of gene expression. JA-Ile, but not OPDA, is perceived by the SCFCOI1-JAZ co-receptor complex. There are, however, numerous processes and genes specifically induced by OPDA. The recently identified OPDA-Ile suggests that OPDA specific responses might be mediated upon formation of OPDA-Ile. Here, we tested OPDA-Ile-induced gene expression in wild type and JA-deficient, JA-insensitive and JA-Ile-deficient mutant background. Tests on putative conversion of OPDA-Ile during treatments revealed only negligible conversion. Expression of two OPDA-inducible genes, GRX480 and ZAT10, by OPDA-Ile could be detected in a JA-independent manner in Arabidopsis seedlings but less in flowering plants. The data suggest a bioactivity in planta of OPDA-Ile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika D. Arnold
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gruber
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Miersch
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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Xu Z, Lei P, Feng X, Li S, Xu H. Analysis of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by Poly(γ-glutamic Acid) in Arabidopsis thaliana Based on GeneChip Microarray. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6257-6266. [PMID: 27465513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is promoted by poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). However, the molecular mechanism underlying such promotion is not yet well understood. Therefore, we used GeneChip microarrays to explore the effects of γ-PGA on gene transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results revealed 299 genes significantly regulated by γ-PGA. These differently expressed genes participate mainly in metabolic and cellular processes and in stimuli responses. The metabolic pathways linked to these differently expressed genes were also investigated. A total of 64 of the 299 differently expressed genes were shown to be directly involved in 24 pathways such as brassinosteroid biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism, all of which were influenced by γ-PGA. The analysis demonstrated that γ-PGA promoted nitrogen assimilation and biosynthesis of brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, and lignins, providing a better explanation for why γ-PGA promotes growth and enhances stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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Pétriacq P, Stassen JHM, Ton J. Spore Density Determines Infection Strategy by the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2325-39. [PMID: 26842622 PMCID: PMC4825148 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens are resisted by different plant defenses. While necrotrophic pathogens are sensitive to jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent resistance, biotrophic pathogens are resisted by salicylic acid (SA)- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent resistance. Although many pathogens switch from biotrophy to necrotrophy during infection, little is known about the signals triggering this transition. This study is based on the observation that the early colonization pattern and symptom development by the ascomycete pathogen Plectosphaerella cucumerina (P. cucumerina) vary between inoculation methods. Using the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) defense response as a proxy for infection strategy, we examined whether P. cucumerina alternates between hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles, depending on initial spore density and distribution on the leaf surface. Untargeted metabolome analysis revealed profound differences in metabolic defense signatures upon different inoculation methods. Quantification of JA and SA, marker gene expression, and cell death confirmed that infection from high spore densities activates JA-dependent defenses with excessive cell death, while infection from low spore densities induces SA-dependent defenses with lower levels of cell death. Phenotyping of Arabidopsis mutants in JA, SA, and ROS signaling confirmed that P. cucumerina is differentially resisted by JA- and SA/ROS-dependent defenses, depending on initial spore density and distribution on the leaf. Furthermore, in situ staining for early callose deposition at the infection sites revealed that necrotrophy by P. cucumerina is associated with elevated host defense. We conclude that P. cucumerina adapts to early-acting plant defenses by switching from a hemibiotrophic to a necrotrophic infection program, thereby gaining an advantage of immunity-related cell death in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Pétriacq
- Plant Environmental Signaling Group (P.P., J.H.M.S., J.T.) and biOMICS Facility (P.P.), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joost H M Stassen
- Plant Environmental Signaling Group (P.P., J.H.M.S., J.T.) and biOMICS Facility (P.P.), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Plant Environmental Signaling Group (P.P., J.H.M.S., J.T.) and biOMICS Facility (P.P.), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Groner WD, Christy ME, Kreiner CM, Liljegren SJ. Allele-Specific Interactions between CAST AWAY and NEVERSHED Control Abscission in Arabidopsis Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1588. [PMID: 27818674 PMCID: PMC5073242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An advantage of analyzing abscission in genetically tractable model plants is the ability to make use of classic genetic tools such as suppression analysis. We have investigated the regulation of organ abscission by carrying out suppression analysis in Arabidopsis flowers. Plants carrying mutations in the NEVERSHED (NEV) gene, which encodes an ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, retain their outer floral organs after fertilization. Mutant alleles of CAST AWAY (CST), which encodes a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, were found to restore organ abscission in nev flowers in an allele-specific manner. To further explore the basis of the interactions between CST and NEV, we tested whether the site of a nev mutation is predictive of its ability to be suppressed. Our results suggest instead that the strength of a nev allele influences whether organ abscission can be rescued by a specific allele of CST.
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Gleason C, Leelarasamee N, Meldau D, Feussner I. OPDA Has Key Role in Regulating Plant Susceptibility to the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1565. [PMID: 27822219 PMCID: PMC5075541 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that plays important roles in regulating plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects, but the role of JA in mediating the plant responses to root-knot nematodes has been unclear. Here we show that an application of either methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or the JA-mimic coronatine (COR) on Arabidopsis significantly reduced the number of galls caused by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Interestingly, the MeJA-induced resistance was independent of the JA-receptor COI1 (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1). The MeJA-treated plants accumulated the JA precursor cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) in addition to JA/JA-Isoleucine, indicating a positive feedback loop in JA biosynthesis. Using mutants in the JA-biosynthetic pathway, we found that plants deficient in the biosynthesis of JA and OPDA were hyper-susceptible to M. hapla. However, the opr3 mutant, which cannot convert OPDA to JA, exhibited wild-type levels of nematode galling. In addition, mutants in the JA-biosynthesis and perception which lie downstream of opr3 also displayed wild-type levels of galling. The data put OPR3 (OPDA reductase 3) as the branch point between hyper-susceptibility and wild-type like levels of disease. Overall, the data suggests that the JA precursor, OPDA, plays a role in regulating plant defense against nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg August University - Göttingen Center for Molecular BiosciencesGöttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cynthia Gleason,
| | - Natthanon Leelarasamee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Meldau
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg August University - Albrecht von Haller InstituteGöttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg August University - Göttingen Center for Molecular BiosciencesGöttingen, Germany
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Cai XT, Xu P, Wang Y, Xiang CB. Activated expression of AtEDT1/HDG11 promotes lateral root formation in Arabidopsis mutant edt1 by upregulating jasmonate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:1017-30. [PMID: 25752924 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture is crucial for plants to absorb water and nutrients. We previously reported edt1 (edt1D) mutant with altered root architecture that contributes significantly to drought resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report one of the mechanisms underlying EDT1/HDG11-conferred altered root architecture. Root transcriptome comparison between the wild type and edt1D revealed that the upregulated genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling pathway were enriched in edt1D root, which were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Further analysis showed that EDT1/HDG11, as a transcription factor, bound directly to the HD binding sites in the promoters of AOS, AOC3, OPR3, and OPCL1, which encode four key enzymes in JA biosynthesis. We found that the jasmonic acid level was significantly elevated in edt1D root compared with that in the wild type subsequently. In addition, more auxin accumulation was observed in the lateral root primordium of edt1D compared with that of wild type. Genetic analysis of edt1D opcl1 double mutant also showed that HDG11 was partially dependent on JA in regulating LR formation. Taken together, overexpression of EDT1/HDG11 increases JA level in the root of edt1D by directly upregulating the expressions of several genes encoding JA biosynthesis enzymes to activate auxin signaling and promote lateral root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Teng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonate signaling in plant stress responses and development - active and inactive compounds. N Biotechnol 2015; 33:604-613. [PMID: 26581489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals mediating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in plant development. Following the elucidation of each step in their biosynthesis and the important components of perception and signaling, several activators, repressors and co-repressors have been identified which contribute to fine-tuning the regulation of JA-induced gene expression. Many of the metabolic reactions in which JA participates, such as conjugation with amino acids, glucosylation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, sulfation and methylation, lead to numerous compounds with different biological activities. These metabolites may be highly active, partially active in specific processes or inactive. Hydroxylation, carboxylation and sulfation inactivate JA signaling. The precursor of JA biosynthesis, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), has been identified as a JA-independent signaling compound. An increasing number of OPDA-specific processes is being identified. To conclude, the numerous JA compounds and their different modes of action allow plants to respond specifically and flexibly to alterations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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de Ollas C, Arbona V, Gómez-Cadenas A. Jasmonoyl isoleucine accumulation is needed for abscisic acid build-up in roots of Arabidopsis under water stress conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2157-70. [PMID: 25789569 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are central players in sensing and signalling numerous environmental conditions like drought. In this work, hormone profiling together with gene expression of key enzymes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate biosynthesis were studied in desiccating Arabidopsis roots. Jasmonic acid (JA) content transiently increased after stress imposition whereas progressive and concomitant ABA and Jasmonoyl Isoleucine (JA-Ile) accumulations were detected. Molecular data suggest that, at least, part of the hormonal regulation takes place at the biosynthetic level. These observations also point to a possible involvement of jasmonates on ABA biosynthesis under stress. To test this hypothesis, mutants impaired in jasmonate biosynthesis (opr3, lox6 and jar1-1) and in JA-dependent signalling (coi1) were employed. Results showed that the early JA accumulation leading to JA-Ile build up was necessary for an ABA increase in roots under two different water stress conditions. Signal transduction between water stress-induced JA-Ile accumulation and COI1 is necessary for a full induction of the ABA biosynthesis pathway and subsequent hormone accumulation in roots of Arabidopsis plants. The present work adds a level of interaction between jasmonates and ABA at the biosynthetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, Castelló de la Plana, E-12071, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, Castelló de la Plana, E-12071, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, Castelló de la Plana, E-12071, Spain
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