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Protto V, Bauget F, Rishmawi L, Nacry P, Maurel C. Primary, seminal and lateral roots of maize show type-specific growth and hydraulic responses to water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2564-2579. [PMID: 38217868 PMCID: PMC10980523 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The water uptake capacity of a root system is determined by its architecture and hydraulic properties, which together shape the root hydraulic architecture. Here, we investigated root responses to water deficit (WD) in seedlings of a maize (Zea mays) hybrid line (B73H) grown in hydroponic conditions, taking into account the primary root (PR), the seminal roots (SR), and their respective lateral roots. WD was induced by various polyethylene glycol concentrations and resulted in dose-dependent inhibitions of axial and lateral root growth, lateral root formation, and hydraulic conductivity (Lpr), with slightly distinct sensitivities to WD between PR and SR. Inhibition of Lpr by WD showed a half-time of 5 to 6 min and was fully (SR) or partially (PR) reversible within 40 min. In the two root types, WD resulted in reduced aquaporin expression and activity, as monitored by mRNA abundance of 13 plasma membrane intrinsic protein (ZmPIP) isoforms and inhibition of Lpr by sodium azide, respectively. An enhanced suberization/lignification of the epi- and exodermis was observed under WD in axial roots and in lateral roots of the PR but not in those of SR. Inverse modeling revealed a steep increase in axial conductance in root tips of PR and SR grown under WD that may be due to the decreased growth rate of axial roots in these conditions. Overall, our work reveals that these root types show quantitative differences in their anatomical, architectural, and hydraulic responses to WD, in terms of sensitivity, amplitude and reversibility. This distinct functionalization may contribute to integrative acclimation responses of whole root systems to soil WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Protto
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Bauget
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Louai Rishmawi
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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2
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Gal A, Dalal A, Anfang M, Sharma D, Binenbaum J, Muchaki P, Kumar R, Egbaria A, Duarte KE, Kelly G, de Souza WR, Sade N. Plasma membrane aquaporins regulate root hydraulic conductivity in the model plant Setaria viridis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2640-2660. [PMID: 37607257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of productivity observed in panicoid crops is in part due to their extensive root system. Recently, green foxtail (Setaria viridis) has emerged as a genetic model system for panicoid grasses. Natural accessions of S. viridis originating from different parts of the world, with differential leaf physiological behavior, have been identified. This work focused on understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms controlling root hydraulic conductivity and root-to-shoot gas exchange signaling in S. viridis. We identified 2 accessions, SHA and ZHA, with contrasting behavior at the leaf, root, and whole-plant levels. Our results indicated a role for root aquaporin (AQP) plasma membrane (PM) intrinsic proteins in the differential behavior of SHA and ZHA. Moreover, a different root hydraulic response to low levels of abscisic acid between SHA and ZHA was observed, which was associated with root AQPs. Using cell imaging, biochemical, and reverse genetic approaches, we identified PM intrinsic protein 1;6 (PIP1;6) as a possible PIP1 candidate that regulates radial root hydraulics and root-to-shoot signaling of gas exchange in S. viridis. In heterologous systems, PIP1;6 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and upon interaction with PIP2s, relocalization to the PM was observed. PIP1;6 was predominantly expressed at the root endodermis. Generation of knockout PIP1;6 plants (KO-PIP1;6) in S. viridis showed altered root hydraulic conductivity, altered gas exchange, and alteration of root transcriptional patterns. Our results indicate that PIPs are essential in regulating whole-plant water homeostasis in S. viridis. We conclude that root hydraulic conductivity and gas exchange are positively associated and are regulated by AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atara Gal
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moran Anfang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Davinder Sharma
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jenia Binenbaum
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Purity Muchaki
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karoline Estefani Duarte
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210170, Brazil
| | - Gilor Kelly
- The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Le-Zion 7505101, Israel
| | - Wagner Rodrigo de Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210170, Brazil
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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3
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Bouidghaghen J, Moreau L, Beauchêne K, Chapuis R, Mangel N, Cabrera-Bosquet L, Welcker C, Bogard M, Tardieu F. Robotized indoor phenotyping allows genomic prediction of adaptive traits in the field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6603. [PMID: 37857601 PMCID: PMC10587076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breeding for resilience to climate change requires considering adaptive traits such as plant architecture, stomatal conductance and growth, beyond the current selection for yield. Robotized indoor phenotyping allows measuring such traits at high throughput for speed breeding, but is often considered as non-relevant for field conditions. Here, we show that maize adaptive traits can be inferred in different fields, based on genotypic values obtained indoor and on environmental conditions in each considered field. The modelling of environmental effects allows translation from indoor to fields, but also from one field to another field. Furthermore, genotypic values of considered traits match between indoor and field conditions. Genomic prediction results in adequate ranking of genotypes for the tested traits, although with lesser precision for elite varieties presenting reduced phenotypic variability. Hence, it distinguishes genotypes with high or low values for adaptive traits, conferring either spender or conservative strategies for water use under future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugurta Bouidghaghen
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- ARVALIS, Chemin de la côte vieille, Baziège, France
| | - Laurence Moreau
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRAE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Katia Beauchêne
- ARVALIS, 45 Voie Romaine, Ouzouer-Le-Marché, Beauce La Romaine, France
| | | | - Nathalie Mangel
- ARVALIS, Station de recherche et d'expérimentation, Boigneville, France
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4
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The Role of Aquaporins in Plant Growth under Conditions of Oxygen Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710159. [PMID: 36077554 PMCID: PMC9456501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants frequently experience hypoxia due to flooding caused by intensive rainfall or irrigation, when they are partially or completely submerged under a layer of water. In the latter case, some resistant plants implement a hypoxia avoidance strategy by accelerating shoot elongation, which allows lifting their leaves above the water surface. This strategy is achieved due to increased water uptake by shoot cells through water channels (aquaporins, AQPs). It remains a puzzle how an increased flow of water through aquaporins into the cells of submerged shoots can be achieved, while it is well known that hypoxia inhibits the activity of aquaporins. In this review, we summarize the literature data on the mechanisms that are likely to compensate for the decline in aquaporin activity under hypoxic conditions, providing increased water entry into cells and accelerated shoot elongation. These mechanisms include changes in the expression of genes encoding aquaporins, as well as processes that occur at the post-transcriptional level. We also discuss the involvement of hormones, whose concentration changes in submerged plants, in the control of aquaporin activity.
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5
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Physiological adaptive traits are a potential allele reservoir for maize genetic progress under challenging conditions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3225. [PMID: 35680899 PMCID: PMC9184527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined phenomic and genomic approaches are required to evaluate the margin of progress of breeding strategies. Here, we analyze 65 years of genetic progress in maize yield, which was similar (101 kg ha-1 year-1) across most frequent environmental scenarios in the European growing area. Yield gains were linked to physiologically simple traits (plant phenology and architecture) which indirectly affected reproductive development and light interception in all studied environments, marked by significant genomic signatures of selection. Conversely, studied physiological processes involved in stress adaptation remained phenotypically unchanged (e.g. stomatal conductance and growth sensitivity to drought) and showed no signatures of selection. By selecting for yield, breeders indirectly selected traits with stable effects on yield, but not physiological traits whose effects on yield can be positive or negative depending on environmental conditions. Because yield stability under climate change is desirable, novel breeding strategies may be needed for exploiting alleles governing physiological adaptive traits.
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6
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Liu X, Wang X, Liu P, Bao X, Hou X, Yang M, Zhen W. Rehydration Compensation of Winter Wheat Is Mediated by Hormone Metabolism and De-Peroxidative Activities Under Field Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823846. [PMID: 35283926 PMCID: PMC8908233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit and rehydration frequently occur during wheat cultivation. Previous investigations focused on the water deficit and many drought-responsive genes have been identified in winter wheat. However, the hormone-related metabolic responses and de-peroxidative activities associated with rehydration are largely unknown. In this study, leaves of two winter wheat cultivars, "Hengguan35" (HG, drought-tolerant cultivar) and "Shinong086" (SN, drought-sensitive cultivar), were used to investigate water deficit and the post-rehydration process. Rehydration significantly promoted wheat growth and postponed spike development. Quantifications of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic stress-related substances, and phytohormones revealed that rehydration alleviated the peroxidation and osmotic stress caused by water deficit in both cultivars. The wheat cultivar HG showed a better rehydration-compensation phenotype than SN. Phytohormones, including abscisic acid, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA), were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography and shown to be responsible for the rehydration process. A transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes related to rehydration were enriched in hormone metabolism- and de-peroxidative stress-related pathways. Suppression of genes associated with abscisic acid signaling transduction were much stronger in HG than in SN upon rehydration treatment. HG also kept a more balanced expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species pathway than SN. In conclusion, we clarified the hormonal changes and transcriptional profiles of drought-resistant and -sensitive winter wheat cultivars in response to drought and rehydration, and we provided insights into the molecular processes involved in rehydration compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Zhang D, Du Q, Sun P, Lou J, Li X, Li Q, Wei M. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Revealed the Implications of Abscisic Acid in Mediating the Rate-Limiting Step for Photosynthetic Carbon Dioxide Utilisation in Response to Vapour Pressure Deficit in Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745110. [PMID: 34858453 PMCID: PMC8631768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been demonstrated to be a significant environmental factor inducing plant water stress and affecting plant photosynthetic productivity. Despite this, the rate-limiting step for photosynthesis under varying VPD is still unclear. In the present study, tomato plants were cultivated under two contrasting VPD levels: high VPD (3-5 kPa) and low VPD (0.5-1.5 kPa). The effect of long-term acclimation on the short-term rapid VPD response was examined across VPD ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 kPa. Quantitative photosynthetic limitation analysis across the VPD range was performed by combining gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. The potential role of abscisic acid (ABA) in mediating photosynthetic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake across a series of VPD was evaluated by physiological and transcriptomic analyses. The rate-limiting step for photosynthetic CO2 utilisation varied with VPD elevation in tomato plants. Under low VPD conditions, stomatal and mesophyll conductance was sufficiently high for CO2 transport. With VPD elevation, plant water stress was gradually pronounced and triggered rapid ABA biosynthesis. The contribution of stomatal and mesophyll limitation to photosynthesis gradually increased with an increase in the VPD. Consequently, the low CO2 availability inside chloroplasts substantially constrained photosynthesis under high VPD conditions. The foliar ABA content was negatively correlated with stomatal and mesophyll conductance for CO2 diffusion. Transcriptomic and physiological analyses revealed that ABA was potentially involved in mediating water transport and photosynthetic CO2 uptake in response to VPD variation. The present study provided new insights into the underlying mechanism of photosynthetic depression under high VPD stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjie Du
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Po Sun
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jie Lou
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingming Li
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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8
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Hilty J, Muller B, Pantin F, Leuzinger S. Plant growth: the What, the How, and the Why. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:25-41. [PMID: 34245021 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Growth is a widely used term in plant science and ecology, but it can have different meanings depending on the context and the spatiotemporal scale of analysis. At the meristem level, growth is associated with the production of cells and initiation of new organs. At the organ or plant scale and over short time periods, growth is often used synonymously with tissue expansion, while over longer time periods the increase in biomass is a common metric. At even larger temporal and spatial scales, growth is mostly described as net primary production. Here, we first address the question 'what is growth?'. We propose a general framework to distinguish between the different facets of growth, and the corresponding physiological processes, environmental drivers and mathematical formalisms. Based on these different definitions, we then review how plant growth can be measured and analysed at different organisational, spatial and temporal scales. We conclude by discussing why gaining a better understanding of the different facets of plant growth is essential to disentangle genetic and environmental effects on the phenotype, and to uncover the causalities around source or sink limitations of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hilty
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, 46 Wakefield Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bertrand Muller
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Florent Pantin
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Sebastian Leuzinger
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, 46 Wakefield Street, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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9
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Lu J, Shireen F, Cheng F, Bie Z. High relative humidity improve chilling tolerance by maintaining leaf water potential in watermelon seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:818-826. [PMID: 34225006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a major environmental factor that severely impairs plant growth and productivity. Although the response to low temperature stress is well studied, the mechanisms of chilling tolerance are still not well understood. Here, we describe experiments that aimed to determine whether relative humidity (RH) contribute to chilling tolerance by regulating leaf water potential in watermelon seedlings. Plants exposed to chilling stress (10 °C/5 °C day/night) were severely wilted, and the water potential in their leaves was decreased. We found that maintaining high RH when plants were subjected to chilling-stress conditions attenuated the reduction in leaf water potential, reduced electrolyte leakage, improved the stability of photosynthesis, and alleviated chilling damage. Pretreatment with ABA increased chilling tolerance in low RH conditions but became ineffective in high RH conditions. Analysis of endogenous ABA content indicated that water potential mediated chilling tolerance was independent of ABA. Analysis of stomatal resistance indicated that the maintenance of water potential was related to stomatal resistance but that the balance between water absorption and loss is more important. In conclusion, high RH maintained leaf water potential and cell turgor, maintained better cell morphology, improved stomatal conductance and thus, ultimately improved the chilling tolerance of watermelon seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fareeha Shireen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Tardieu F. Different avenues for progress apply to drought tolerance, water use efficiency and yield in dry areas. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:128-134. [PMID: 34365080 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Drought tolerance, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield in dry areas are often considered as synonyms. However, they correspond to markedly different suites of physiological mechanisms, based on combinations of alleles constrained by evolution into consistent strategies. Improving (i) drought tolerance, sensu stricto, involves extreme conservative strategy with protection and repair mechanisms; (ii) WUE most often results in small plants but avenues exist with lower penalties for growth, that is, by reducing night transpiration; (iii) yield for drought prone areas involves both constititutive traits (e.g. phenology or plant architecture), favourable for most environmental scenarios, and adaptive physiological traits whose effects suited to a given scenario. Genetic improvement of the latter would requires identification of scenario-dependent combinations of alleles, involving phenomics, modelling and genomic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Tardieu
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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11
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Coussement JR, Villers SLY, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Steppe K. Turgor-time controls grass leaf elongation rate and duration under drought stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1361-1378. [PMID: 33373049 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The process of leaf elongation in grasses is characterized by the creation and transformation of distinct cell zones. The prevailing turgor pressure within these cells is one of the key drivers for the rate at which these cells divide, expand and differentiate, processes that are heavily impacted by drought stress. In this article, a turgor-driven growth model for grass leaf elongation is presented, which combines mechanistic growth from the basis of turgor pressure with the ontogeny of the leaf. Drought-induced reductions in leaf turgor pressure result in a simultaneous inhibition of both cell expansion and differentiation, lowering elongation rate but increasing elongation duration due to the slower transitioning of cells from the dividing and elongating zone to mature cells. Leaf elongation is, therefore, governed by the magnitude of, and time spent under, growth-enabling turgor pressure, a metric which we introduce as turgor-time. Turgor-time is able to normalize growth patterns in terms of varying water availability, similar to how thermal time is used to do so under varying temperatures. Moreover, additional inclusion of temperature dependencies within our model pioneers a novel concept enabling the general expression of growth regardless of water availability or temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Coussement
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Selwyn L Y Villers
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Paganová V, Hus M, Jureková Z. Physiological Performance of Pyrus pyraster L. (Burgsd.) and Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Seedlings under Drought Treatment. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111496. [PMID: 33167517 PMCID: PMC7694486 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, seedlings of Pyrus pyraster and Sorbus torminalis were grown for 60 days in the regulated environment of a growth chamber under different water regimes. The measured indicators were the growth and distribution of mass to organs, total biomass, root to shoot mass ratio (R:S), and gas exchange parameters (gs, E, An, and water use efficiency (WUE)). The amount of total biomass was negatively affected by drought. Differences between species were confirmed only for the dry matter of the leaves. P. pyraster maintained the ratio of the mass distribution between belowground and aboveground organs in both variants of the water regime. S. torminalis created more root length for a given dry-mass under drought treatment, but its R:S was lower compared to P. pyraster. The water potential of the leaves (Ψwl) was affected by substrate saturation and interspecific differences. P. pyraster had a demonstrably higher water potential and maintained this difference even after prolonged exposure to drought. After 30 days of different water regimes, Pyrus maintained higher values of gs, An, and E in control and drought treatments, but over a longer period of drought (after 50 days), the differences between species were equalized. The changes of the leaf gas exchange for Pyrus were accompanied by a significant increase in WUE, which was most pronounced on the 40th day of the experiment. A significant and strong relationship between WUE and gs was demonstrated. The results confirmed the different physiological performances of seedlings of tree species and the different mechanisms of their response to water scarcity during drought treatment. P. pyraster presented more acclimation traits, which allowed this taxon to exhibit better performance over a longer period of water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Paganová
- Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Hus
- Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Jureková
- Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Baca Cabrera JC, Hirl RT, Zhu J, Schäufele R, Schnyder H. Atmospheric CO 2 and VPD alter the diel oscillation of leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass: compensation of hydraulic limitation by stored-growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1776-1789. [PMID: 32369620 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We explored the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca ) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on putative mechanisms controlling leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass. Plants were grown in stands at a Ca of 200, 400 or 800 μmol mol-1 combined with high (1.17 kPa) or low (0.59 kPa) VPD during the 16 h-day in well-watered conditions with reduced nitrogen supply. We measured day : night-variation of leaf elongation rate (LERday : LERnight ), final leaf length and width, epidermal cell number and length, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf water potential and water-soluble carbohydrates and osmotic potential in the leaf growth-and-differentiation zone (LGDZ). Daily mean LER or morphometric parameters did not differ between treatments, but LERnight strongly exceeded LERday , particularly at low Ca and high VPD. Across treatments LERday was negatively related to transpiration (R2 = 0.75) and leaf water potential (R2 = 0.81), while LERnight was independent of leaf water potential or turgor. Enhancement of LERnight over LERday was proportional to the turgor-change between day and night (R2 = 0.93). LGDZ sugar concentration was high throughout diel cycles, providing no evidence of source limitation in any treatment. Our data indicate a mechanism of diel cycling between daytime hydraulic and night-time stored-growth controls of LER, buffering Ca and daytime VPD effects on leaf elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Baca Cabrera
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Regina T Hirl
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
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14
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Pieters O, De Swaef T, Lootens P, Stock M, Roldán-Ruiz I, wyffels F. Gloxinia-An Open-Source Sensing Platform to Monitor the Dynamic Responses of Plants. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113055. [PMID: 32481619 PMCID: PMC7309107 DOI: 10.3390/s20113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of the dynamic responses of plants to short-term environmental changes is becoming increasingly important in basic plant science, phenotyping, breeding, crop management, and modelling. These short-term variations are crucial in plant adaptation to new environments and, consequently, in plant fitness and productivity. Scalable, versatile, accurate, and low-cost data-logging solutions are necessary to advance these fields and complement existing sensing platforms such as high-throughput phenotyping. However, current data logging and sensing platforms do not meet the requirements to monitor these responses. Therefore, a new modular data logging platform was designed, named Gloxinia. Different sensor boards are interconnected depending upon the needs, with the potential to scale to hundreds of sensors in a distributed sensor system. To demonstrate the architecture, two sensor boards were designed—one for single-ended measurements and one for lock-in amplifier based measurements, named Sylvatica and Planalta, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the system in small setups, a small-scale trial was conducted in a growth chamber. Expected plant dynamics were successfully captured, indicating proper operation of the system. Though a large scale trial was not performed, we expect the system to scale very well to larger setups. Additionally, the platform is open-source, enabling other users to easily build upon our work and perform application-specific optimisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pieters
- IDLab-AIRO—Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium; (T.D.S.); (P.L.); (I.R.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium; (T.D.S.); (P.L.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium; (T.D.S.); (P.L.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Michiel Stock
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium; (T.D.S.); (P.L.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Francis wyffels
- IDLab-AIRO—Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
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Li Y, Li S, He X, Jiang W, Zhang D, Liu B, Li Q. CO 2 enrichment enhanced drought resistance by regulating growth, hydraulic conductivity and phytohormone contents in the root of cucumber seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:62-71. [PMID: 32388421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated effects of CO2 enrichment and drought stress on cucumber leaves have attracted increasing research attention, but few studies have investigated the effects of CO2 enrichment on the root system under drought stress. So we analyzed the morphological parameters, hydraulic conductivity, aquaporin-related gene expression, and endogenous phytohormone contents in roots of cucumber seedlings cultured under different CO2 concentrations (approximately 400 and 800 ± 40 μmol mol-1) and drought stresses simulated by polyethylene glycol 6000 (0%, 5%, and 10%). The results showed that under drought stress, regardless of the CO2 concentration, the root biomass and hydraulic conductivity decreased, the contents of auxin (IAA), zeatin nucleoside (ZR), and gibberellin (GA) decreased, the abscisic acid (ABA) content and the transcript levels of the aquaporin-related genes CsPIP2-4 increased, and the transcript levels of the aquaporin-related genes CsPIP2-5 and CsPIP2-7 decreased compared with no drought stress. Under moderate drought stress, CO2 enrichment decreased ABA content and the transcript level of CsPIP2-4, increased root biomass and GA content and the transcript level of CsPIP2-7, improved contribution rate of cell-to-cell water transport (mediated by aquaporins) and roots hydraulic conductivity. In summary, drought stress changed the water transport capacity of the roots and inhibited the growth of cucumber seedlings. CO2 enrichment regulated phytohormone contents and aquaporin-related gene expression, maintained the normal contribution rate of cell-to-cell water transport, and improved the root biomass and hydraulic conductivity, thereby alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xinrui He
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Weili Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Dalong Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Qingming Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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16
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Ding L, Milhiet T, Couvreur V, Nelissen H, Meziane A, Parent B, Aesaert S, Van Lijsebettens M, Inzé D, Tardieu F, Draye X, Chaumont F. Modification of the Expression of the Aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 Affects Water Relations and Plant Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2154-2165. [PMID: 31980571 PMCID: PMC7140956 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane intrinsic protein PIP2;5 is the most highly expressed aquaporin in maize (Zea mays) roots. Here, we investigated how deregulation of PIP2;5 expression affects water relations and growth using maize overexpression (OE; B104 inbred) or knockout (KO; W22 inbred) lines. The hydraulic conductivity of the cortex cells of roots grown hydroponically was higher in PIP2;5 OE and lower in pip2;5 KO lines compared with the corresponding wild-type plants. While whole-root conductivity decreased in the KO lines compared to the wild type, no difference was observed in OE plants. This paradox was interpreted using the MECHA hydraulic model, which computes the radial flow of water within root sections. The model hints that the plasma membrane permeability of the cells is not radially uniform but that PIP2;5 may be saturated in cell layers with apoplastic barriers, i.e. the endodermis and exodermis, suggesting the presence of posttranslational mechanisms controlling the abundance of PIP in the plasma membrane in these cells. At the leaf level, where the PIP2;5 gene is weakly expressed in wild-type plants, the hydraulic conductance was higher in the PIP2;5 OE lines compared with the wild-type plants, whereas no difference was observed in the pip2;5 KO lines. The temporal trend of leaf elongation rate, used as a proxy for that of xylem water potential, was faster in PIP2;5 OE plants upon mild stress, but not in well-watered conditions, demonstrating that PIP2;5 may play a beneficial role in plant growth under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Milhiet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adel Meziane
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Parent
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Stijn Aesaert
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Tardieu
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Draye
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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17
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De Vos D, Nelissen H, AbdElgawad H, Prinsen E, Broeckhove J, Inzé D, Beemster GT. How grass keeps growing: an integrated analysis of hormonal crosstalk in the maize leaf growth zone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2513-2525. [PMID: 31705666 PMCID: PMC7116270 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the maize leaf to understand how long-distance signals, auxin and cytokinin, control leaf growth dynamics. We constructed a mathematical model describing the transport of these hormones along the leaf growth zone and their interaction with the local gibberellin (GA) metabolism in the control of cell division. Assuming gradually declining auxin and cytokinin supply at the leaf base, the model generated spatiotemporal hormone distribution and growth patterns that matched experimental data. At the cellular level, the model predicted a basal leaf growth as a result of cell division driven by auxin and cytokinin. Superimposed on this, GA synthesis regulated growth through the control of the size of the region of active cell division. The predicted hormone and cell length distributions closely matched experimental data. To correctly predict the leaf growth profiles and final organ size of lines with reduced or elevated GA production, the model required a signal proportional to the size of the emerged part of the leaf that inhibited the basal leaf growth driven by auxin and cytokinin. Excision and shading of the emerged part of the growing leaf allowed us to demonstrate that this signal exists and depends on the perception of light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk De Vos
- Laboratory for Integrated Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Modeling Of Systems And Internet Communication (MOSAIC), Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Corresponding Authors ,+32 3 265 34 21 , +32 3 265 34 21
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Els Prinsen
- Laboratory for Integrated Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Broeckhove
- Modeling Of Systems And Internet Communication (MOSAIC), Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T.S. Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Corresponding Authors ,+32 3 265 34 21 , +32 3 265 34 21
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18
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Fricke W. Energy costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants: night-time transpiration and growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1152-1165. [PMID: 30834533 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow and transpire during the night. The aim of the present work was to assess the relative flows of carbon, water and solutes, and the energy involved, in sustaining night-time transpiration and leaf expansive growth under control and salt-stress conditions. Published and unpublished data were used, for barley plants grown in presence of 0.5-1 mM NaCl (control) and 100 mM NaCl. Night-time leaf growth presents a more efficient use of taken-up water compared with day-time growth. This efficiency increases several-fold with salt stress. Night-time transpiration cannot be supported entirely through osmotically driven uptake of water through roots under salt stress. Using a simple three- (root medium/cytosol/vacuole) compartment approach, the energy required to support cell expansion during the night is in the lower percentage region (0.03-5.5%) of the energy available through respiration, under both, control and salt-stress conditions. Use of organic (e.g. hexose equivalents) rather than inorganic (e.g. Na+ , Cl- , K+ ) solutes for generation of osmotic pressure in growing cells, increases the energy demand by orders of magnitude, yet requires only a small portion of carbon assimilated during the day. Night-time transpiration and leaf expansive growth should be considered as a potential acclimation mechanism to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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19
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Rosales MA, Maurel C, Nacry P. Abscisic Acid Coordinates Dose-Dependent Developmental and Hydraulic Responses of Roots to Water Deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:2198-2211. [PMID: 31164395 PMCID: PMC6670111 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Root water uptake is influenced by root system architecture, which is determined by root growth and branching and the hydraulics of root cells and tissues. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the adaptation of plants to water deficit (WD). Here we addressed at the whole-root level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the regulatory role of ABA in mechanisms that determine root hydraulic architecture. Root system architecture and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) were analyzed in hydroponically grown plants subjected to varying degrees of WD induced by various polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. The majority of root traits investigated, including first- and second-order lateral root production and elongation and whole-root hydraulics, had a bell-shaped dependency on WD, displaying stimulation under mild WD conditions (25 g PEG L-1) and repression under more severe conditions. These traits also showed a bell-shaped dependency on exogenous ABA, and their regulation by WD was attenuated in genotypes altered in ABA biosynthesis and response. Thus, we propose that ABA acts as a coordinator and an integrator of most root responses to mild and moderate WD, whereas responses to strong WD (150 g PEG L-1) are largely ABA independent. We also found that roots exhibit different growth responses to both WD and ABA depending on their rank and age. Taken together, our results give further insights into the coordinated water acquisition strategies of roots deployed in relation to WD intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Rosales
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala F34060 Montpellier, France
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20
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Yoshida T, Christmann A, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Grill E, Fernie AR. Revisiting the Basal Role of ABA - Roles Outside of Stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:625-635. [PMID: 31153771 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The physiological roles of abscisic acid (ABA) as a stress hormone in plant responses to water shortage, including stomatal regulation and gene expression, have been well documented. However, less attention has been paid to the function of basal ABA synthesized under well-watered conditions in recent studies. In this review, we summarize progress in the understanding of how low concentrations of ABA are perceived at the molecular level and how its signaling affects plant metabolism and growth under nonstressed conditions. We also discuss the dual nature of ABA in acting as an inhibitor and activator of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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21
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Kögler F, Söffker D. Explorative Frequency Analysis of Leaf Temperature Behavior of Maize ( Zea mays subsp. mays) at Water Deficit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E105. [PMID: 31003523 PMCID: PMC6524069 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different standard frequency analysis (FA) methods are applied to measured leaf temperature data of maize plants (developmental stages EC13-15). These FA methods are used to identify specific behaviors, regularities, and sudden changes in frequencies/amplitudes of data, e.g., in control engineering. The thorough application of different FA methods in plant studies is novel. The aim of this paper is to analyze features of the measured data and to explore the explanatory power of different methods for the detection of plant dynamic behavioral changes. The basic assumption is an expected relation between plant water stress and resulting changes in leaf temperature oscillations caused by stress-induced changes in stomatal behavior. Therefore, an irrigation experiment (laboratory; controlled environmental conditions) was implemented to compare leaf temperature behavior of stressed and unstressed plants. Leaf temperature time series are processed and the results are compared as functions of time showing the behavioral changes in terms of the different methods applied. The analysis of results is explained; conclusions, which can be made based on different methods, are given. The study confirms the applicability of FA methods and provides new insights into leaf temperature behavioral patterns. Results are discussed regarding the hypothesized incipience of leaf temperature oscillations due to water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kögler
- Chair of Dynamics and Control, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Söffker
- Chair of Dynamics and Control, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1-21, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
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22
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Fabbri LT, Insausti P, Batista WB, Rua GH. Growth dynamics of the branching system in grasses: an architecture-based methodology for quantitative evaluation applied to two genotypes of Paspalum vaginatum. RODRIGUÉSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201970081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The aerial growth dynamics of the shoots of the widespread turfgrass Paspalum vaginatum was studied. With the aim of identifying quantitative differential features between two genotypes, plants were cultivated outdoors in pots during two consecutive summers. Axes of different branching order were marked for periodical observation to quantify internode production rate, axis production rate, covering rate and reproductive effort. The genotypes differed significantly in the following quantitative features: plagiotropic vs. orthotropic axes proportion, internode production rate, flowering vs. vegetative tiller ratio, vegetative cover and spatial distribution of the canopy. Knowledge of these features may help to understand the great plasticity and adaptability of this species to multiple environmental conditions.
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23
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Avramova V, Meziane A, Bauer E, Blankenagel S, Eggels S, Gresset S, Grill E, Niculaes C, Ouzunova M, Poppenberger B, Presterl T, Rozhon W, Welcker C, Yang Z, Tardieu F, Schön CC. Carbon isotope composition, water use efficiency, and drought sensitivity are controlled by a common genomic segment in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:53-63. [PMID: 30244394 PMCID: PMC6320357 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A genomic segment on maize chromosome 7 influences carbon isotope composition, water use efficiency, and leaf growth sensitivity to drought, possibly by affecting stomatal properties. Climate change is expected to decrease water availability in many agricultural production areas around the globe. Therefore, plants with improved ability to grow under water deficit are urgently needed. We combined genetic, phenomic, and physiological approaches to understand the relationship between growth, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carbon isotope composition in maize (Zea mays L.). Using near-isogenic lines derived from a maize introgression library, we analysed the effects of a genomic region previously identified as affecting carbon isotope composition. We show stability of trait expression over several years of field trials and demonstrate in the phenotyping platform Phenodyn that the same genomic region also influences the sensitivity of leaf growth to evaporative demand and soil water potential. Our results suggest that the studied genomic region affecting carbon isotope discrimination also harbours quantitative trait loci playing a role in maize drought sensitivity possibly via stomatal behaviour and development. We propose that the observed phenotypes collectively originate from altered stomatal conductance, presumably via abscisic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Avramova
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Adel Meziane
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Bauer
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sonja Blankenagel
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Stella Eggels
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gresset
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudiu Niculaes
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Rozhon
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Claude Welcker
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Chris-Carolin Schön
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Tardieu F, Cabrera-Bosquet L, Pridmore T, Bennett M. Plant Phenomics, From Sensors to Knowledge. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R770-R783. [PMID: 28787611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major improvements in crop yield are needed to keep pace with population growth and climate change. While plant breeding efforts have greatly benefited from advances in genomics, profiling the crop phenome (i.e., the structure and function of plants) associated with allelic variants and environments remains a major technical bottleneck. Here, we review the conceptual and technical challenges facing plant phenomics. We first discuss how, given plants' high levels of morphological plasticity, crop phenomics presents distinct challenges compared with studies in animals. Next, we present strategies for multi-scale phenomics, and describe how major improvements in imaging, sensor technologies and data analysis are now making high-throughput root, shoot, whole-plant and canopy phenomic studies possible. We then suggest that research in this area is entering a new stage of development, in which phenomic pipelines can help researchers transform large numbers of images and sensor data into knowledge, necessitating novel methods of data handling and modelling. Collectively, these innovations are helping accelerate the selection of the next generation of crops more sustainable and resilient to climate change, and whose benefits promise to scale from physiology to breeding and to deliver real world impact for ongoing global food security efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F34060, Montpellier, France.
| | - Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet
- INRA, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Tony Pridmore
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 3RD, UK.
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Turc O, Tardieu F. Drought affects abortion of reproductive organs by exacerbating developmentally driven processes via expansive growth and hydraulics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3245-3254. [PMID: 29546424 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abortion of reproductive organs is a major limiting factor of yield under water deficit, but is also a trait selected for by evolutionary processes. The youngest reproductive organs must be prone to abortion so older organs can finish their development in case of limited resources. Water deficit increases natural abortion via two developmentally driven processes, namely a signal from the first fertilized ovaries and a simultaneous arrest of the expansive growth of all ovaries at a precise stage. In maize (Zea mays) subjected to water deficits typically encountered in dryland agriculture, these developmental mechanisms account for 90% of drought-associated abortion and are irreversible 3 d after silk emergence. Consistently, transcripts and enzyme activities suggest that the molecular events associated with abortion affect expansive growth in silks whereas ovaries maintain a favourable carbon status. Abortion due to carbon starvation is only observed for severe drought scenarios occurring after silking. Both kinetic and genetic evidence indicates that vegetative and reproductive structures share a partly common hydraulic control of expansive growth. Hence, the control of expansive growth of reproductive structures probably has a prominent effect on abortion for mild water deficits occurring at flowering time, while carbon starvation dominates in severe post-flowering drought scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Turc
- LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Tardieu
- LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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26
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Tricker PJ, ElHabti A, Schmidt J, Fleury D. The physiological and genetic basis of combined drought and heat tolerance in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3195-3210. [PMID: 29562265 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress cause losses in wheat productivity in major growing regions worldwide, and both the occurrence and the severity of these events are likely to increase with global climate change. Water deficits and high temperatures frequently occur simultaneously at sensitive growth stages, reducing wheat yields by reducing grain number or weight. Although genetic variation and underlying quantitative trait loci for either individual stress are known, the combination of the two stresses has rarely been studied. Complex and often antagonistic physiology means that genetic loci underlying tolerance to the combined stress are likely to differ from those for drought or heat stress tolerance alone. Here, we review what is known of the physiological traits and genetic control of drought and heat tolerance in wheat and discuss potential physiological traits to study for combined tolerance. We further place this knowledge in the context of breeding for new, more tolerant varieties and discuss opportunities and constraints. We conclude that a fine control of water relations across the growing cycle will be beneficial for combined tolerance and might be achieved through fine management of spatial and temporal gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny J Tricker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Abdeljalil ElHabti
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica Schmidt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Delphine Fleury
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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Tardieu F, Simonneau T, Muller B. The Physiological Basis of Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: A Scenario-Dependent Probabilistic Approach. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:733-759. [PMID: 29553801 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance involves mechanisms operating at different spatial and temporal scales, from rapid stomatal closure to maintenance of crop yield. We review how short-term mechanisms are controlled for stabilizing shoot water potential and how long-term processes have been constrained by evolution or breeding to fit into acclimation strategies for specific drought scenarios. These short- or long-term feedback processes participate in trade-offs between carbon accumulation and the risk of deleterious soil water depletion. Corresponding traits and alleles may therefore have positive or negative effects on crop yield depending on drought scenarios. We propose an approach that analyzes the genetic architecture of traits in phenotyping platforms and of yield in tens of field experiments. A combination of modeling and genomic prediction is then used to estimate the comparative interests of combinations of alleles depending on drought scenarios. Hence, drought tolerance is understood probabilistically by estimating the benefit and risk of each combination of alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, Université Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA, Université Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Bertrand Muller
- INRA, Université Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France;
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Sivasakthi K, Thudi M, Tharanya M, Kale SM, Kholová J, Halime MH, Jaganathan D, Baddam R, Thirunalasundari T, Gaur PM, Varshney RK, Vadez V. Plant vigour QTLs co-map with an earlier reported QTL hotspot for drought tolerance while water saving QTLs map in other regions of the chickpea genome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29409451 PMCID: PMC5801699 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminal drought stress leads to substantial annual yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Adaptation to water limitation is a matter of matching water supply to water demand by the crop. Therefore, harnessing the genetics of traits contributing to plant water use, i.e. transpiration rate and canopy development dynamics, is important to design crop ideotypes suited to a varying range of water limited environments. With an aim of identifying genomic regions for plant vigour (growth and canopy size) and canopy conductance traits, 232 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ICC 4958 and ICC 1882, were phenotyped at vegetative stage under well-watered conditions using a high throughput phenotyping platform (LeasyScan). RESULTS Twenty one major quantitative trait loci (M-QTLs) were identified for plant vigour and canopy conductance traits using an ultra-high density bin map. Plant vigour traits had 13 M-QTLs on CaLG04, with favourable alleles from high vigour parent ICC 4958. Most of them co-mapped with a previously fine mapped major drought tolerance "QTL-hotspot" region on CaLG04. One M-QTL was found for canopy conductance on CaLG03 with the ultra-high density bin map. Comparative analysis of the QTLs found across different density genetic maps revealed that QTL size reduced considerably and % of phenotypic variation increased as marker density increased. CONCLUSION Earlier reported drought tolerance hotspot is a vigour locus. The fact that canopy conductance traits, i.e. the other important determinant of plant water use, mapped on CaLG03 provides an opportunity to manipulate these loci to tailor recombinants having low/high transpiration rate and plant vigour, fitted to specific drought stress scenarios in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Murugesan Tharanya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sandip M. Kale
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jana Kholová
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mahamat Hissene Halime
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepa Jaganathan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rekha Baddam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Pooran M. Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Greater Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Université de Montpellier – UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Medina S, Gupta SK, Vadez V. Transpiration Response and Growth in Pearl Millet Parental Lines and Hybrids Bred for Contrasting Rainfall Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1846. [PMID: 29163578 PMCID: PMC5671031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil drying, restricting transpiration is an important avenue to gain efficiency in water use. The question we raise in this article is whether breeding for agro-ecological environments that differ for the rainfall have selected for traits that control plant water use. These are measured in pearl millet materials bred for zones varying in rainfall (8 combinations of parent and F1-hybrids, 18 F1-hybrids and then 40 F1-hybrids). In all cases, we found an agro-ecological variation in the slope of the transpiration response to increasing VPD, and parental line variation in the transpiration response to soil drying within hybrids/parent combinations. The hybrids adapted to lower rainfall had higher transpiration response curves than those from the highest rainfall zones, but showed no variation in how transpiration responded to soil drying. The genotypes bred for lower rainfall zones showed lower leaf area, dry matter, thicker leaves, root development, and exudation, than the ones bred for high rainfall zone when grown in the low VPD environment of the greenhouse, but there was no difference in their root length neither on the root/shoot index in these genotypes. By contrast, when grown under high VPD conditions outdoors, the lower rainfall hybrids had the highest leaf, tiller, and biomass development. Finally, under soil drying the genotypes from the lower rainfall accumulated less biomass than the ones from higher rainfall zone, and so did the parental lines compared to the hybrids. These differences in the transpiration response and growth clearly showed that breeding for different agro-ecological zones also bred for different genotype strategies in relation to traits related to plant water use. Highlights: • Variation in transpiration response reflected breeding for agro-ecological zones • Different growth strategies depended on the environmental conditions • Different ideotypes reflected rainfall levels in specific agro-ecological zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Medina
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. K. Gupta
- Crop Improvement Theme Asia Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
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30
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Water (stress) models and deficit irrigation: System-theoretical description and causality mapping. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yu X, Takebayashi A, Demura T, Ohtani M. Differential expression of poplar sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2 genes in response to abiotic stress and abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:929-940. [PMID: 28550412 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the responses of woody plants to abiotic stress can inform strategies to breed improved tree varieties and to manage tree species for environmental conservation and the production of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of poplar (Populus trichocarpa) genes encoding members of the sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family, which are core components of the abiotic stress response. The P. trichocarpa genome contains twelve SnRK2 genes (PtSnRK2.1- PtSnRK2.12) that can be divided into three subclasses (I-III) based on the structures of their encoded kinase domains. We found that PtSnRK2s are differentially expressed in various organs. In MS medium-grown plants, all of the PtSnRK2 genes were significantly upregulated in response to abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, whereas osmotic and salt stress treatments induced only some (four and seven, respectively) of the PtSnRK2 genes. By contrast, soil-grown plants showed increased expression of most PtSnRK2 genes under drought and salt treatments, but not under ABA treatment. In soil-grown plants, drought stress induced SnRK2 subclass II genes in all tested organs (leaves, stems, and roots), whereas subclass III genes tended to be upregulated in leaves only. These results suggest that the PtSnRK2 genes are involved in abiotic stress responses, are at least partially activated by ABA, and show organ-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arika Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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32
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Tardieu F, Parent B. Predictable 'meta-mechanisms' emerge from feedbacks between transpiration and plant growth and cannot be simply deduced from short-term mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:846-857. [PMID: 27569520 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth under water deficit is controlled by short-term mechanisms but, because of numerous feedbacks, the combination of these mechanisms over time often results in outputs that cannot be deduced from the simple inspection of individual mechanisms. It can be analysed with dynamic models in which causal relationships between variables are considered at each time-step, allowing calculation of outputs that are routed back to inputs for the next time-step and that can change the system itself. We first review physiological mechanisms involved in seven feedbacks of transpiration on plant growth, involving changes in tissue hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, plant architecture and underlying factors such as hormones or aquaporins. The combination of these mechanisms over time can result in non-straightforward conclusions as shown by examples of simulation outputs: 'over production of abscisic acid (ABA) can cause a lower concentration of ABA in the xylem sap ', 'decreasing root hydraulic conductance when evaporative demand is maximum can improve plant performance' and 'rapid root growth can decrease yield'. Systems of equations simulating feedbacks over numerous time-steps result in logical and reproducible emergent properties that can be viewed as 'meta-mechanisms' at plant level, which have similar roles as mechanisms at cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Boris Parent
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Montpellier, F-34060, France
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Vapour pressure deficit control in relation to water transport and water productivity in greenhouse tomato production during summer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43461. [PMID: 28266524 PMCID: PMC5339896 DOI: 10.1038/srep43461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been widely recognized as the evaporative driving force for water transport, the potential to reduce plant water consumption and improve water productivity by regulating VPD is highly uncertain. To bridge this gap, water transport in combination with plant productivity was examined in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown under contrasting VPD gradients. The driving force for water transport was substantially reduced in low-VPD treatment, which consequently decreased water loss rate and moderated plant water stress: leaf desiccation, hydraulic limitation and excessive negative water potential were prevented by maintaining water balance. Alleviation in water stress by reducing VPD sustained stomatal function and photosynthesis, with concomitant improvements in biomass and fruit production. From physiological perspectives, suppression of the driving force and water flow rate substantially reduced cumulative transpiration by 19.9%. In accordance with physiological principles, irrigation water use efficiency as criterions of biomass and fruit yield in low-VPD treatment was significantly increased by 36.8% and 39.1%, respectively. The reduction in irrigation was counterbalanced by input of fogging water to some extent. Net water saving can be increased by enabling greater planting densities and improving the evaporative efficiency of the mechanical system.
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Pou A, Jeanguenin L, Milhiet T, Batoko H, Chaumont F, Hachez C. Salinity-mediated transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the Arabidopsis aquaporin PIP2;7. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:731-744. [PMID: 27671160 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress triggers a simultaneous transcriptional repression and aquaporin internalization to modify root cell water conductivity. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are involved in the adjustment of plant water balance in response to changing environmental conditions. In this study, Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0) and transgenic lines overexpressing PIP2;7 were used to investigate and compare their response to salt stress. Hydraulic conductivity measurements using a high-pressure flowmeter (HPFM) revealed that overexpression of PIP2;7 induced a sixfold increase in root hydraulic conductivity of four week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants compared to WT. Exposure to a high salt stress (150 mM NaCl) triggered a rapid repression of overall aquaporin activity in both genotypes. Response to salt stress was also investigated in 8 day-old seedlings. Exposure to salt led to a repression of PIP2;7 promoter activity and a significant decrease in PIP2;7 mRNA abundance within 2 h. Concomitantly, a rapid internalization of fluorescently-tagged PIP2;7 proteins was observed but removal from the cell membrane was not accompanied by further degradation of the protein within 4 h of exposure to salinity stress. These data suggest that PIP transcriptional repression and channel internalization act in concert during salt stress conditions to modulate aquaporin activity, thereby significantly altering the plant hydraulic parameters in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Pou
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Linda Jeanguenin
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Milhiet
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri Batoko
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Charles Hachez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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35
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Tardieu F. Too many partners in root-shoot signals. Does hydraulics qualify as the only signal that feeds back over time for reliable stomatal control? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:802-804. [PMID: 27874989 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, INRA, Place Viala, Montpellier, F-34060, France
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36
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Turc O, Bouteillé M, Fuad-Hassan A, Welcker C, Tardieu F. The growth of vegetative and reproductive structures (leaves and silks) respond similarly to hydraulic cues in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:377-388. [PMID: 27400762 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The elongation of styles and stigma (silks) of maize (Zea mays) flowers is rapid (1-3 mm h(-1) ), occurs over a short period and plays a pivotal role in reproductive success in adverse environments. Silk elongation rate was measured using displacement transducers in 350 plants of eight genotypes during eight experiments with varying evaporative demand and soil water status. Measured time courses revealed that silk elongation rate closely followed changes in soil water status and evaporative demand, with day-night alternations similar to those in leaves. Day-night alternations were steeper with high than with low plant transpiration rate, manipulated via evaporative demand or by covering part of the leaf area. Half times of changes in silk elongation rate upon changes in evaporative demand or soil water status were 10-30 min, similar to those in leaves. The sensitivity of silk elongation rate to xylem water potential was genetically linked to that of leaf elongation rate. Lines greatly differed for these sensitivities. These results are consistent with a common hydraulic control of expansive growth in vegetative and reproductive structures upon changes in environmental conditions via a close connection with the xylem water potential. They have important implications for breeding, modelling and phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Turc
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marie Bouteillé
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Avan Fuad-Hassan
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Welcker
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - François Tardieu
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
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Sack L, Ball MC, Brodersen C, Davis SD, Des Marais DL, Donovan LA, Givnish TJ, Hacke UG, Huxman T, Jansen S, Jacobsen AL, Johnson DM, Koch GW, Maurel C, McCulloh KA, McDowell NG, McElrone A, Meinzer FC, Melcher PJ, North G, Pellegrini M, Pockman WT, Pratt RB, Sala A, Santiago LS, Savage JA, Scoffoni C, Sevanto S, Sperry J, Tyerman SD, Way D, Holbrook NM. Plant hydraulics as a central hub integrating plant and ecosystem function: meeting report for 'Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics' (Washington, DC, May 2015). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2085-94. [PMID: 27037757 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water plays a central role in plant biology and the efficiency of water transport throughout the plant affects both photosynthetic rate and growth, an influence that scales up deterministically to the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, hydraulic traits mediate the ways in which plants interact with their abiotic and biotic environment. At landscape to global scale, plant hydraulic traits are important in describing the function of ecological communities and ecosystems. Plant hydraulics is increasingly recognized as a central hub within a network by which plant biology is connected to palaeobiology, agronomy, climatology, forestry, community and ecosystem ecology and earth-system science. Such grand challenges as anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and improving the security and sustainability of our food supply rely on our fundamental knowledge of how water behaves in the cells, tissues, organs, bodies and diverse communities of plants. A workshop, 'Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics' supported by the National Science Foundation, was held in Washington DC, 2015 to promote open discussion of new ideas, controversies regarding measurements and analyses, and especially, the potential for expansion of up-scaled and down-scaled inter-disciplinary research, and the strengthening of connections between plant hydraulic research, allied fields and global modelling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Stephen D Davis
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - David L Des Marais
- Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02131, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lisa A Donovan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Thomas J Givnish
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Travis Huxman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center for Environmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Steven Jansen
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Anna L Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - George W Koch
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004, INRA-CNRS-Sup Agro-Université de Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | | | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Andrew McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Frederick C Meinzer
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Peter J Melcher
- Department of Biology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Gretchen North
- Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - R Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jessica A Savage
- Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02131, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - John Sperry
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
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Oury V, Caldeira CF, Prodhomme D, Pichon JP, Gibon Y, Tardieu F, Turc O. Is Change in Ovary Carbon Status a Cause or a Consequence of Maize Ovary Abortion in Water Deficit during Flowering? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:997-1008. [PMID: 27208256 PMCID: PMC4902574 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower or grain abortion causes large yield losses under water deficit. In maize (Zea mays), it is often attributed to a carbon limitation via the disruption of sucrose cleavage by cell wall invertases in developing ovaries. We have tested this hypothesis versus another linked to the expansive growth of ovaries and silks. We have measured, in silks and ovaries of well-watered or moderately droughted plants, the transcript abundances of genes involved in either tissue expansion or sugar metabolism, together with the concentrations and amounts of sugars, and with the activities of major enzymes of carbon metabolism. Photosynthesis and indicators of sugar export, measured during water deprivation, suggested sugar export maintained by the leaf. The first molecular changes occurred in silks rather than in ovaries and involved genes affecting expansive growth rather than sugar metabolism. Changes in the concentrations and amounts of sugars and in the activities of enzymes of sugar metabolism occurred in apical ovaries that eventually aborted, but probably after the switch to abortion of these ovaries. Hence, we propose that, under moderate water deficits corresponding to most European drought scenarios, changes in carbon metabolism during flowering time are a consequence rather than a cause of the beginning of ovary abortion. A carbon-driven ovary abortion may occur later in the cycle in the case of carbon shortage or under very severe water deficits. These findings support the view that, until the end of silking, expansive growth of reproductive organs is the primary event leading to abortion, rather than a disruption of carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Oury
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Cecilio F Caldeira
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Duyên Prodhomme
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Pichon
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Yves Gibon
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Olivier Turc
- INRA, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France (V.O., C.F.C., F.T., O.T.);INRA, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P., Y.G.);INRA, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France (D.P.); andBiogemma, Centre de Rercherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France (J.-P.P.)
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39
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Oury V, Tardieu F, Turc O. Ovary Apical Abortion under Water Deficit Is Caused by Changes in Sequential Development of Ovaries and in Silk Growth Rate in Maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:986-96. [PMID: 26598464 PMCID: PMC4902573 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grain abortion allows the production of at least a few viable seeds under water deficit but causes major yield loss. It is maximum for water deficits occurring during flowering in maize (Zea mays). We have tested the hypothesis that abortion is linked to the differential development of ovary cohorts along the ear and to the timing of silk emergence. Ovary volume and silk growth were followed over 25 to 30 d under four levels of water deficit and in four hybrids in two experiments. A position-time model allowed characterizing the development of ovary cohorts and their silk emergence. Silk growth rate decreased in water deficit and stopped 2 to 3 d after first silk emergence, simultaneously for all ovary cohorts, versus 7 to 8 d in well-watered plants. Abortion rate in different treatments and positions on the ear was not associated with ovary growth rate. It was accounted for by the superposition of (1) the sequential emergence of silks originating from ovaries of different cohorts along the ear with (2) one event occurring on a single day, the simultaneous silk growth arrest. Abortion occurred in the youngest ovaries whose silks did not emerge 2 d before silk arrest. This mechanism accounted for more than 90% of drought-related abortion in our experiments. It resembles the control of abortion in a large range of species and inflorescence architectures. This finding has large consequences for breeding drought-tolerant maize and for modeling grain yields in water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Oury
- INRA, UMR 759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR 759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Turc
- INRA, UMR 759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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40
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Valluru R, Davies WJ, Reynolds MP, Dodd IC. Foliar Abscisic Acid-To-Ethylene Accumulation and Response Regulate Shoot Growth Sensitivity to Mild Drought in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:461. [PMID: 27148292 PMCID: PMC4834443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although, plant hormones play an important role in adjusting growth in response to environmental perturbation, the relative contributions of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene remain elusive. Using six spring wheat genotypes differing for stress tolerance, we show that young seedlings of the drought-tolerant (DT) group maintained or increased shoot dry weight (SDW) while the drought-susceptible (DS) group decreased SDW in response to mild drought. Both the DT and DS groups increased endogenous ABA and ethylene concentrations under mild drought compared to control. The DT and DS groups exhibited different SDW response trends, whereby the DS group decreased while the DT group increased SDW, to increased concentrations of ABA and ethylene under mild drought, although both groups decreased ABA/ethylene ratio under mild drought albeit at different levels. We concluded that SDW of the DT and DS groups might be distinctly regulated by specific ABA:ethylene ratio. Further, a foliar-spray of low concentrations (0.1 μM) of ABA increased shoot relative growth rate (RGR) in the DS group while ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ethylene precursor) spray increased RGR in both groups compared to control. Furthermore, the DT group accumulated a significantly higher galactose while a significantly lower maltose in the shoot compared to the DS group. Taken all together, these results suggest an impact of ABA, ethylene, and ABA:ethylene ratio on SDW of wheat seedlings that may partly underlie a genotypic variability of different shoot growth sensitivities to drought among crop species under field conditions. We propose that phenotyping based on hormone accumulation, response and hormonal ratio would be a viable, rapid, and an early-stage selection tool aiding genotype selection for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Valluru
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El Batan, Mexico
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environmental Center, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
| | - William J. Davies
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environmental Center, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El Batan, Mexico
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- Plant Biology Department, Lancaster Environmental Center, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, UK
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41
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Vitali V, Bellati J, Soto G, Ayub ND, Amodeo G. Root hydraulic conductivity and adjustments in stomatal conductance: hydraulic strategy in response to salt stress in a halotolerant species. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv136. [PMID: 26602985 PMCID: PMC4683980 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances at the molecular level are introducing a new scenario that needs to be integrated into the analysis of plant hydraulic properties. Although it is not yet clear to what extent this scenario alters the current proposal for the hydraulic circuit models, it introduces new insights when studying plants that are able to easily overcome water restrictions. In this context, our aim was to explore water adjustments in a halotolerant model (Beta vulgaris) by studying the coordination between the root in terms of root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and the shoot as reflected in the stomatal conductance (gs). The root water pathways were also analysed in terms of root suberization (apoplastic barrier) and aquaporin transcript levels (cell-to-cell pathway). Beta vulgaris showed the ability to rapidly lose (4 h) and gain (24 h) turgor when submitted to salt stress (200 mM). The reduction profile observed in Lpr and gs was consistent with a coupled process. The tuning of the root water flow involved small variations in the studied aquaporin's transcripts before anatomical modifications occurred. Exploring Lpr enhancement after halting the stress contributed to show not only a different profile in restoring Lpr but also the capacity to uncouple Lpr from gs. Beta vulgaris root plays a key role and can anticipate water loss before the aerial water status is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bellati
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA-Castelar and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás D Ayub
- Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret", CICVyA, INTA-Castelar and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1686 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yaneff A, Vitali V, Amodeo G. PIP1 aquaporins: Intrinsic water channels or PIP2 aquaporin modulators? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3508-15. [PMID: 26526614 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved plant aquaporins, known as Plasma membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs), are the main gateways for cell membrane water exchange. Years of research have described in detail the properties of the PIP2 subfamily. However, characterizing the PIP1 subfamily has been difficult due to the failure to localize to the plasma membrane. In addition, the discovery of the PIP1-PIP2 interaction suggested that PIP1 aquaporins could be regulated by a complex posttranslational mechanism that involves trafficking, heteromerization and fine-tuning of channel activity. This review not only considers the evidence and findings but also discusses the complexity of PIP aquaporins. To establish a new benchmark in PIP regulation, we propose to consider PIP1-PIP2 pairs as functional units for the purpose of future research into their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Yaneff
- Departamento de Biodiversidad de Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad de Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad de Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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43
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Vadez V, Kholová J, Hummel G, Zhokhavets U, Gupta SK, Hash CT. LeasyScan: a novel concept combining 3D imaging and lysimetry for high-throughput phenotyping of traits controlling plant water budget. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5581-93. [PMID: 26034130 PMCID: PMC4585418 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the thought process and initial data behind the development of an imaging platform (LeasyScan) combined with lysimetric capacity, to assess canopy traits affecting water use (leaf area, leaf area index, transpiration). LeasyScan is based on a novel 3D scanning technique to capture leaf area development continuously, a scanner-to-plant concept to increase imaging throughput and analytical scales to combine gravimetric transpiration measurements. The paper presents how the technology functions, how data are visualised via a web-based interface and how data extraction and analysis is interfaced through 'R' libraries. Close agreement between scanned and observed leaf area data of individual plants in different crops was found (R(2) between 0.86 and 0.94). Similar agreement was found when comparing scanned and observed area of plants cultivated at densities reflecting field conditions (R(2) between 0.80 and 0.96). An example in monitoring plant transpiration by the analytical scales is presented. The last section illustrates some of the early ongoing applications of the platform to target key phenotypes: (i) the comparison of the leaf area development pattern of fine mapping recombinants of pearl millet; (ii) the leaf area development pattern of pearl millet breeding material targeted to different agro-ecological zones; (iii) the assessment of the transpiration response to high VPD in sorghum and pearl millet. This new platform has the potential to phenotype for traits controlling plant water use at a high rate and precision, of critical importance for drought adaptation, and creates an opportunity to harness their genetics for the breeding of improved varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vadez
- ICRISAT-Crop Physiology Laboratory, Greater Hyderabad, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Jana Kholová
- ICRISAT-Crop Physiology Laboratory, Greater Hyderabad, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Grégoire Hummel
- Phenospex, Jan Campertstraat 11 / NL-6416 SG Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - S K Gupta
- ICRISAT-Crop Physiology Laboratory, Greater Hyderabad, Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - C Tom Hash
- ICRISAT, Sahelian Center, Pearl Millet Breeding, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Xu X, Zhang H, Li C. Genome-Wide Analysis of C2H2 Zinc-Finger Family Transcription Factors and Their Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Poplar (Populus trichocarpa). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134753. [PMID: 26237514 PMCID: PMC4523194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C2H2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZF) proteins are a large gene family in plants that participate in various aspects of normal plant growth and development, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. To date, no overall analysis incorporating evolutionary history and expression profiling of the C2H2-ZF gene family in model tree species poplar (Populus trichocarpa) has been reported. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we identified 109 full-length C2H2-ZF genes in P. trichocarpa, and classified them into four groups, based on phylogenetic analysis. The 109 C2H2-ZF genes were distributed unequally on 19 P. trichocarpa linkage groups (LGs), with 39 segmental duplication events, indicating that segmental duplication has been important in the expansion of the C2H2-ZF gene family. Promoter cis-element analysis indicated that most of the C2H2-ZF genes contain phytohormone or abiotic stress-related cis-elements. The expression patterns of C2H2-ZF genes, based on heatmap analysis, suggested that C2H2-ZF genes are involved in tissue and organ development, especially root and floral development. Expression analysis based on quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated that C2H2-ZF genes are significantly involved in drought, heat and salt response, possibly via different mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a thorough overview of the P. trichocarpa C2H2-ZF gene family and presents a new perspective on the evolution of this gene family. In particular, some C2H2-ZF genes may be involved in environmental stress tolerance regulation. PtrZFP2, 19 and 95 showed high expression levels in leaves and/or roots under environmental stresses. Additionally, this study provided a solid foundation for studying the biological roles of C2H2-ZF genes in Populus growth and development. These results form the basis for further investigation of the roles of these candidate genes and for future genetic engineering and gene functional studies in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quangang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Library of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Ranjan A, Sawant S. Genome-wide transcriptomic comparison of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) leaf and root under drought stress. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:585-596. [PMID: 28324561 PMCID: PMC4522718 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the 454 pyrosequencing platform was used for analyzing the comparative transcriptomic profiles of leaf and root tissues of 1-month-old cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) plants under drought stress. A total of 56,354 and 49,308 reads were generated from leaf and root tissues, respectively, and clustered into 6,313 and 5,858 unigenes. The differentially expressed unigenes that showed up-regulation (≥2-fold) or down-regulation (2≤-fold) were considered for further analysis. A total of 3,517 unigenes were differentially expressed in both tissues. The 1,528 genes specific to leaves and 1,128 specific to roots were obtained. The 28 biological pathways in two tissues were found to respond significantly to drought stress. A total of 289 in leaf and 277 in root unknown (novel) unigenes were found to be remarkably regulated by drought stress. Some key regulatory genes involved in abiotic stress such as WRKY, ERF, AP2 EREBP, MYB, and LEA were highly expressed in leaves. The genes RHD3, LBD, and transcription factor WRKY75, known for root development under various stress conditions, were expressed specifically in root. The genes related to chlorophyll a/b binding protein and photosystem-related proteins showed significant higher expression in roots and as compared to leaves. It can be concluded that cotton leaves are distinct from roots in terms of molecular mechanisms for responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
| | - Samir Sawant
- National Botanical Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
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Touati M, Knipfer T, Visnovitz T, Kameli A, Fricke W. Limitation of Cell Elongation in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves Through Mechanical and Tissue-Hydraulic Properties. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1364-1373. [PMID: 25907571 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the mechanical and hydraulic limitation of growth in leaf epidermal cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in response to agents which affect cellular water (mercuric chloride, HgCl(2)) and potassium (cesium chloride, CsCl; tetraethylammonium, TEA) transport, pump activity of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and wall acidification (fusicoccin, FC). Cell turgor (P) was measured with the cell pressure probe, and cell osmotic pressure (π) was analyzed through picoliter osmometry of single-cell extracts. A wall extensibility coefficient (M) and tissue hydraulic conductance coefficient (L) were derived using the Lockhart equation. There was a significant positive linear relationship between relative elemental growth rate and P, which fit all treatments, with an overall apparent yield threshold of 0.368 MPa. Differences in growth between treatments could be explained through differences in P. A comparison of L and M showed that growth in all except the FC treatment was co-limited through hydraulic and mechanical properties, though to various extents. This was accompanied by significant (0.17-0.24 MPa) differences in water potential (ΔΨ) between xylem and epidermal cells in the leaf elongation zone. In contrast, FC-treated leaves showed ΔΨ close to zero and a 10-fold increase in L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostefa Touati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ziane Achour, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Thorsten Knipfer
- University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Present address: Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Present address: Research, Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter Plc., H-1103 Budapest, Gyömrői út 19-21, Hungary
| | - Abdelkrim Kameli
- Laboratoire d'Eco-Physiologie Végétale, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, 16050, Alger, Algeria
| | - Wieland Fricke
- University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Wuyts N, Dhondt S, Inzé D. Measurement of plant growth in view of an integrative analysis of regulatory networks. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:90-97. [PMID: 26002069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As the regulatory networks of growth at the cellular level are elucidated at a fast pace, their complexity is not reduced; on the contrary, the tissue, organ and even whole-plant level affect cell proliferation and expansion by means of development-induced and environment-induced signaling events in growth regulatory processes. Measurement of growth across different levels aids in gaining a mechanistic understanding of growth, and in defining the spatial and temporal resolution of sampling strategies for molecular analyses in the model Arabidopsis thaliana and increasingly also in crop species. The latter claim their place at the forefront of plant research, since global issues and future needs drive the translation from laboratory model-acquired knowledge of growth processes to improvements in crop productivity in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
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Tardieu F, Simonneau T, Parent B. Modelling the coordination of the controls of stomatal aperture, transpiration, leaf growth, and abscisic acid: update and extension of the Tardieu-Davies model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2227-37. [PMID: 25770586 PMCID: PMC4986722 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal aperture, transpiration, leaf growth, hydraulic conductance, and concentration of abscisic acid in the xylem sap ([ABA]xyl) vary rapidly with time of day. They follow deterministic relations with environmental conditions and interact in such a way that a change in any one of them affects all the others. Hence, approaches based on measurements of one variable at a given time or on paired correlations are prone to a confusion of effects, in particular for studying their genetic variability. A dynamic model allows the simulation of environmental effects on the variables, and of multiple feedbacks between them at varying time resolutions. This paper reviews the control of water movement through the plant, stomatal aperture and growth, and translates them into equations in a model. It includes recent progress in understanding the intrinsic and environmental controls of tissue hydraulic conductance as a function of transpiration rate, circadian rhythms, and [ABA]xyl. Measured leaf water potential is considered as the water potential of a capacitance representing mature tissues, which reacts more slowly to environmental cues than xylem water potential and expansive growth. Combined with equations for water and ABA fluxes, it results in a dynamic model able to simulate variables with genotype-specific parameters. It allows adaptive roles for hydraulic processes to be proposed, in particular the circadian oscillation of root hydraulic conductance. The script of the model, in the R language, is included together with appropriate documentation and examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Parent
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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Circadian rhythms of hydraulic conductance and growth are enhanced by drought and improve plant performance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5365. [PMID: 25370944 PMCID: PMC4241992 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms enable plants to anticipate daily environmental variations, resulting in growth oscillations under continuous light. Because plants daily transpire up to 200% of their water content, their water status oscillates from favourable during the night to unfavourable during the day. We show that rhythmic leaf growth under continuous light is observed in plants that experience large alternations of water status during an entrainment period, but is considerably buffered otherwise. Measurements and computer simulations show that this is due to oscillations of plant hydraulic conductance and plasma membrane aquaporin messenger RNA abundance in roots during continuous light. A simulation model suggests that circadian oscillations of root hydraulic conductance contribute to acclimation to water stress by increasing root water uptake, thereby favouring growth and photosynthesis. They have a negative effect in favourable hydraulic conditions. Climate-driven control of root hydraulic conductance therefore improves plant performances in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Circadian rhythms allow plants to respond to diurnal fluctuations in the environment. Here Caldeira et al. find that circadian control of hydraulic conductance, aquaporin expression and leaf growth are entrained by oscillations of plant water status and promote water uptake in drought-stressed plants.
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Parent B, Tardieu F. Can current crop models be used in the phenotyping era for predicting the genetic variability of yield of plants subjected to drought or high temperature? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6179-89. [PMID: 24948682 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A crop model with genetic inputs can potentially simulate yield for a large range of genotypes, sites, and years, thereby indicating where and when a given combination of alleles confers a positive effect. We discuss to what extent current crop models, developed for predicting the effects of climate or cultivation techniques on a reference genotype, are adequate for ranking yields of a large number of genotypes in climatic scenarios with water deficit or high temperatures. We compare here the algorithms involved in 19 crop models. Marked differences exist in the representation of the combined effects of temperature and water deficit on plant development, and in the coordination of these effects with biomass production. The current literature suggests that these differences have a small impact on the yield prediction of a reference genotype because errors on the effects of different traits compensate each other. We propose that they have a larger impact if the crop model is used in a genetic context, because the model has to account for the genetic variability of studied traits. Models with explicit genetic inputs will be increasingly feasible because model parameters corresponding to each genotype can now be measured in phenotyping platforms for large plant collections. This will in turn allow prediction of parameter values from the allelic composition of genotypes. It is therefore timely to adapt crop models to this new context to simulate the allelic effects in present or future climatic scenarios with water or heat stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Parent
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - François Tardieu
- INRA, UMR759 Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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